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,
Dec
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I
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g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
0
3
-
911
904
wh
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g
r
ea
ter
r
ea
ctio
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
an
d
alter
n
ativ
e
to
war
d
s
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
6
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
p
lay
s
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al’
s
li
f
e
th
at
also
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
s
o
cial
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
7
]
.
Deliv
er
y
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
lik
e
s
u
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
s
to
r
e
an
d
d
eliv
er
en
er
g
y
at
ex
tr
em
ely
h
ig
h
am
o
u
n
t
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
h
i
g
h
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
a
s
h
o
r
t
s
p
an
o
f
ti
m
e.
E
lectr
o
c
h
em
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice,
s
o
m
etim
es
ca
lled
an
u
ltra
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
s
u
p
er
ca
p
a
cito
r
[
8
]
.
Gr
ee
n
en
er
g
y
is
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
b
asically
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
o
th
at
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
r
ien
d
ly
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
is
cr
ea
ted
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
g
en
er
ate
p
o
wer
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
m
an
y
n
atu
r
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
li
k
e
t
h
er
m
al,
h
y
d
r
o
,
s
o
lar
,
win
d
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
b
io
m
ass
.
Mo
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
th
e
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
em
it
an
y
k
in
d
o
f
h
ar
m
f
u
l
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
wh
i
ch
is
d
a
n
g
er
o
u
s
f
o
r
an
im
al
o
r
h
u
m
an
life
.
T
h
e
k
ey
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
as f
o
llo
ws:
i
)
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
/m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
;
ii)
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
in
s
o
lar
a
n
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
;
an
d
iii)
t
h
e
ex
p
l
o
r
e
t
h
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
ac
tu
a
to
r
s
in
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
is
r
ev
iew
ar
ticle
is
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
t
o
p
r
es
en
t
a
co
h
er
e
n
t
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
g
r
ee
n
e
n
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
.
Sectio
n
2
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
ev
iew.
I
t
d
etails
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
to
i
d
en
tify
,
s
elec
t,
a
n
d
an
aly
ze
r
elev
an
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
an
d
tech
n
ical
liter
atu
r
e.
Sectio
n
3
o
f
f
er
s
an
in
-
d
ep
th
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t e
x
p
lo
r
es h
o
w
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
d
o
m
ai
n
s
—
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
—
to
en
ab
le
in
tellig
en
t
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
s
y
s
tem
a
u
to
m
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
c
o
n
clu
d
in
g
r
e
m
ar
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ticle.
I
t
s
y
n
th
esizes
th
e
k
e
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ev
iew
an
d
r
eiter
ates
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
I
o
T
in
d
r
iv
i
n
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
in
th
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
f
l
o
w
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
an
d
th
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
its
s
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ich
s
e
r
v
es
as
a
s
ch
em
atic
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
r
ea
d
er
s
n
av
ig
atin
g
th
e
th
em
atic
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Or
g
an
i
z
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
a
r
ticle
ad
o
p
ts
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
th
em
atic
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
iew
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
/m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
in
th
e
g
r
ee
n
e
n
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
,
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
en
er
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
co
n
s
o
lid
ate,
ca
teg
o
r
ize,
an
d
cr
itically
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
th
at
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
o
u
tlin
ed
o
b
jectiv
es,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
cien
tific
d
at
ab
ases
,
in
clu
d
in
g
I
E
E
E
,
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t,
Sco
p
u
s
,
Sp
r
in
g
er
,
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
.
Key
wo
r
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
“sen
s
o
r
s
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
,
”
“m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
,
”
“m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
in
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
”
an
d
“a
ctu
ato
r
s
in
h
y
d
r
o
elec
tr
ic
s
y
s
tem
s
”
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
f
ilte
r
r
elev
an
t p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
lim
ited
to
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles,
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
co
-
fr
ien
d
ly
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
:
g
r
ee
n
en
erg
y
emp
o
w
ered
b
y
I
o
T
(
N
ikita
A
mo
li
)
905
an
d
h
ig
h
-
im
p
ac
t
tech
n
ical
r
ep
o
r
ts
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
0
an
d
2
0
2
5
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
was
r
ef
in
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
s
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
t
o
th
r
ee
m
ain
th
em
a
tic
ar
ea
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
es:
i
)
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
in
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
;
ii
)
r
o
le
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
in
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
;
an
d
iii
)
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
ac
tu
ato
r
s
in
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
,
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
ate
au
to
m
atio
n
.
E
ac
h
t
h
em
atic
ar
ea
was
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
d
esig
n
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
to
v
ar
y
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
a
b
alan
c
ed
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
b
o
t
h
h
ar
d
war
e
-
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
-
ce
n
tr
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wer
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
em
b
ed
d
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
wi
r
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
(
e.
g
.
,
Z
ig
b
ee
,
L
o
R
a,
W
i
-
Fi),
an
d
p
o
we
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
C
ase
s
tu
d
ies,
co
m
m
er
cial
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
y
n
th
esized
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
ea
lis
tic
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t c
a
p
ab
ilit
ies an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
id
en
tifie
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
g
ap
s
,
tr
en
d
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
,
g
u
id
in
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
en
g
in
ee
r
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
in
s
elec
tin
g
an
d
d
ep
l
o
y
i
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
-
ac
tu
ato
r
-
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
I
o
T
[
9
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
an
d
v
is
io
n
-
b
ased
d
ev
ices
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
I
o
T
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
iv
is
io
n
,
co
m
b
i
n
es
m
illi
o
n
s
o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
it
em
s
f
o
r
co
llectiv
e
g
o
als
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
d
ev
ices
wh
ich
ca
n
wo
r
k
s
m
ar
tly
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
wir
eless
ly
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
r
ich
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
m
ac
h
in
e
as
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
f
in
ter
n
et
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
wo
r
l
d
wid
e.
I
t
lead
s
to
m
ass
iv
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
b
ein
g
p
r
o
p
a
g
ated
th
at
is
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
u
s
ef
u
l
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
an
d
ac
tio
n
s
s
o
t
h
at
o
u
r
liv
es
ca
n
b
e
s
im
p
ler
an
d
s
af
er
[
1
1
]
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
I
o
T
a
p
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
is
also
g
r
o
win
g
r
ap
id
ly
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
an
d
g
r
ee
n
e
n
er
g
y
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
u
s
ted
p
u
b
lis
h
er
s
s
u
ch
as
I
E
E
E
Xp
lo
r
e,
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
,
Sp
r
in
g
er
,
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
u
s
in
g
k
e
y
wo
r
d
r
elate
d
t
o
I
o
T
a
n
d
g
r
ee
n
en
e
r
g
y
,
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
,
an
d
Io
T
b
ased
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
Stu
d
ies
wer
e
s
elec
ted
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
i
ts
r
elev
an
cy
to
war
d
s
o
u
r
t
o
p
ic
.
Data
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
is
also
d
o
n
e
wh
ich
f
o
cu
s
es
u
p
o
n
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
u
tco
m
es.
Qu
ality
ass
es
s
m
en
t
was
m
ad
e
o
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
d
ata
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
r
e
v
iewe
d
wh
ile
tak
in
g
a
lo
o
k
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
h
elp
s
to
r
eso
lv
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
y
a
v
o
id
an
ce
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
s
tab
ilit
y
,
r
e
g
u
lar
ity
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
[
1
2
]
.
Su
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
r
e
d
esig
n
e
d
in
s
u
ch
a
way
th
at
th
ey
am
alg
am
ate
m
u
ltip
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
li
k
e
h
y
d
r
o
,
co
al,
g
as,
o
il,
n
u
clea
r
,
win
d
,
s
o
lar
,
g
eo
t
h
er
m
al
,
a
n
d
m
ar
in
e
p
o
wer
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
h
o
t
ca
n
b
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
ed
an
d
th
e
in
f
lu
en
tial
an
d
u
n
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
s
af
ety
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
p
r
eser
v
ed
[
1
3
]
.
Hig
h
co
m
p
lex
ity
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
a
n
d
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
w
h
ile
u
p
liftin
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
au
t
o
n
o
m
y
le
v
els.
T
h
er
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
an
estab
lis
h
e
d
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
lik
e
m
icr
o
s
co
p
ic
p
r
ev
alen
ce
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
b
u
lk
en
er
g
y
tim
e
s
h
if
tin
g
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
o
we
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
1
4
]
.
3
.
1
.
Sens
o
rs
Fo
r
en
ab
le
t
h
e
I
o
T
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
th
e
k
ey
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
d
is
tin
ct
t
y
p
es
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
t
h
at
ex
is
t
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Sen
s
o
r
s
lik
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
,
p
ass
iv
e
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
x
im
ity
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ess
en
tial
an
d
o
r
d
in
a
r
y
elem
e
n
t
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
to
r
,
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
th
eo
r
y
o
f
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
i
s
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
is
g
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
h
ea
t
en
er
g
y
,
e.
g
.
,
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
,
win
d
,
wate
r
f
lo
w,
an
d
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
Su
ch
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ar
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
er
m
a
l
en
er
g
y
,
i.e
.
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
W
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ch
a
n
g
es
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
av
e
en
er
g
y
,
tim
in
g
s
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
th
e
v
en
t
ilatio
n
an
d
c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
b
y
t
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
1
5
]
.
L
ig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
c
o
m
p
u
te
l
u
m
in
an
ce
(
am
b
ie
n
t
lig
h
t
lev
el)
o
r
t
h
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
o
f
a
lig
h
t.
Fo
r
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
,
lig
h
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
in
in
d
u
s
t
r
ial
as
well
a
s
in
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
As
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
th
e
m
ain
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
is
r
elate
d
to
lig
h
tin
g
,
it
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
n
ea
r
ly
1
5
% o
f
to
tal
elec
tr
icity
u
s
ag
e
[
1
6
]
.
Pas
s
iv
e
in
f
r
ar
ed
(
PIR)
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
th
e
b
est s
en
s
in
g
m
o
d
el
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
“
d
etec
ted
”
wh
en
a
p
er
s
o
n
is
d
etec
ted
with
in
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
ar
ea
,
with
a
p
r
ac
tical
m
o
d
el
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
tim
e
d
elay
[
1
7
]
.
Pro
x
im
ity
s
en
s
o
r
s
in
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
eliab
le
p
o
s
itio
n
s
en
s
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
lad
e
p
itch
co
n
tr
o
l,
y
aw
p
o
s
itio
n
,
r
o
to
r
a
n
d
b
r
ak
e
p
o
s
itio
n
,
b
r
a
k
e
wea
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
,
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
0
3
-
911
906
3
.
2
.
Act
ua
t
o
rs
An
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
co
n
s
titu
en
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
th
at
en
ab
les
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
b
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
n
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
to
an
o
th
er
is
an
ac
tu
a
to
r
.
I
t
g
e
n
er
ally
co
n
v
er
ts
ele
ctr
ical,
air
,
o
r
h
y
d
r
a
u
lic
en
er
g
y
in
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
f
o
r
ce
s
[
1
9
]
.
Actu
ato
r
s
h
elp
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
c
es
in
to
b
en
e
f
ic
ial
th
in
g
s
.
R
o
tar
y
to
lin
ea
r
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
is
attain
ab
le
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
a
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
it,
k
n
o
w
n
as
lin
ea
r
m
o
tio
n
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
th
at
h
av
e
g
r
ea
te
r
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
th
a
n
r
o
tar
y
ac
tu
at
o
r
s
as
th
ey
ar
e
co
n
cise
in
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
an
d
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t to
o
p
e
r
ate
in
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
u
ch
as so
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
0
]
.
L
in
ea
r
a
ctu
ato
r
s
an
d
r
o
tar
y
ac
tu
ato
r
s
tr
ac
k
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
.
Usi
n
g
lin
ea
r
ac
tu
ato
r
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
in
g
is
attain
ab
le
wh
er
e
th
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
is
co
n
f
in
ed
to
d
aily
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
[
2
1
]
.
As
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
ch
an
g
es,
th
e
s
u
n
also
ch
an
g
es
its
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
th
e
p
a
n
el
ca
n
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
its
titl
ed
s
p
o
t
[
2
2
]
.
T
wo
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
u
tili
ze
d
in
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
ar
e
also
k
n
o
wn
as
a
two
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
er
,
wh
er
e
two
s
elf
-
s
u
f
f
icien
t
m
ac
h
in
es
(
o
r
ac
tu
at
o
r
s
)
s
ec
u
r
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
an
ax
is
:
o
n
e
am
o
u
n
tin
g
to
th
e
az
i
m
u
th
an
g
le
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
t
o
th
e
altitu
d
e
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
o
tio
n
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
a
b
ar
o
p
er
atio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
‘
r
o
ll’
a
x
is
th
at
d
is
co
v
er
s
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
ath
er
i
n
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
two
d
is
s
im
ilar
h
elio
s
tat
-
b
ased
tr
ac
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
n
’
s
m
o
v
em
en
t
is
tr
ac
k
ed
b
y
r
o
tar
y
ac
tu
ato
r
s
o
r
lin
ea
r
ac
tu
ato
r
s
at
th
e
h
el
io
s
tat
m
ir
r
o
r
s
s
o
th
at
m
ax
im
u
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ef
lecte
d
b
y
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
b
y
r
o
ws
o
f
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
m
o
u
n
ted
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
h
u
tter
s
,
s
o
th
at
r
o
tar
y
m
o
tio
n
ca
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
r
eg
u
late
th
e
r
ef
lectin
g
b
e
am
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
h
ea
t
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
r
esid
en
tial
ar
ea
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
es
is
u
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
d
u
e
to
s
lo
w
win
d
v
elo
city
(
<
5
m
/s
)
.
T
h
at’
s
wh
y
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
en
er
g
y
a
d
eq
u
ately
,
n
ew
g
eo
p
o
liti
cs
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
a
r
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
h
an
d
le
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
in
lo
w
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
y
s
tem
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
wav
e
en
er
g
y
is
f
ar
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
a
n
o
t
h
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
elec
tr
icity
,
as
th
e
en
er
g
y
ab
s
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
o
c
ea
n
wav
es
is
a
h
y
d
r
a
u
lic
p
r
o
c
ess
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
r
ad
iatio
n
wav
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a.
T
h
e
lo
w
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
wav
e
u
n
d
u
latio
n
,
u
n
m
et
h
o
d
ical
wa
v
e
,
an
d
h
ig
h
-
f
o
r
ce
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
m
ak
e
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
co
n
v
er
t
wav
e
k
i
n
etic
en
er
g
y
to
s
m
o
o
th
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
[
2
7
]
.
PTO,
a
d
ev
ice
p
o
p
u
lar
ly
k
n
o
wn
as
p
o
wer
tak
e
o
f
f
h
el
p
s
th
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
o
d
to
c
h
an
g
e
in
to
u
s
ab
le
p
o
wer
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
m
ajo
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
clea
n
,
lo
w
-
ca
r
b
o
n
,
s
af
e
,
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
as
it
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
clea
n
an
d
g
r
ee
n
p
o
we
r
s
o
u
r
ce
[
2
9
]
.
A
m
icr
o
-
p
u
m
p
h
y
d
r
o
-
e
n
er
g
y
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
wh
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
two
r
eser
v
o
ir
s
o
f
1
5
0
m
3
with
1
0
0
m
h
eig
h
t d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
,
1
0
0
Ah
b
atter
y
b
an
k
,
a
n
d
1
8
k
W
s
o
lar
PV
is
a
s
m
all
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
ject
wh
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
le
m
en
ted
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
e
r
ate
en
er
g
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
wate
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
tu
r
b
i
n
e
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Actu
ato
r
s
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
b
lad
es
s
o
th
a
t
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
ef
f
icien
tly
.
O
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
in
s
talled
elec
tr
ical
ca
p
ac
ity
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
la
n
ts
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
lar
g
e
h
y
d
r
o
(
>
1
0
MW),
s
m
all
h
y
d
r
o
(
<
1
0
MW),
m
in
i
h
y
d
r
o
(
<1
MW),
m
icr
o
h
y
d
r
o
(
<1
0
0
k
W
)
,
a
n
d
p
ico
-
h
y
d
r
o
(
<
5
k
W
)
wh
o
s
e
es
tim
atio
n
is
th
at
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
%
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
al
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
is
o
r
ig
in
ated
f
r
o
m
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
with
less
th
an
1
0
MW o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
[
3
1
]
.
3
.
3
.
Co
m
pu
t
ing
p
la
t
f
o
r
m
–
uP/uC
AT
Me
g
a
2
5
6
0
is
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
with
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
wif
i
m
o
d
u
l
e
th
at
ef
f
ec
tu
ally
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
lta
g
e
,
a
n
d
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el
.
NODE
-
MCU
E
SP
8
2
6
6
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
p
r
im
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
ac
to
r
in
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
y
s
tem
th
at
is
ad
v
an
ce
d
b
y
E
SP
8
2
6
6
.
T
h
is
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
o
n
s
in
g
le
b
o
a
r
d
wh
ich
co
u
ld
b
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
NODE
I
DE
.
So
lar
p
a
n
el
(
2
0
W
)
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as th
e
m
ain
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
d
o
m
esti
c
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
elec
tr
icity
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
tr
a
p
p
in
g
th
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
,
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
th
at
u
s
es
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el
to
ev
alu
ate
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
A
v
er
y
v
ital
jo
b
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
ese
s
o
lar
p
a
n
e
l
f
o
r
s
u
ch
s
etu
p
s
[
3
2
]
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
ev
er
al
p
a
r
am
eter
s
r
elate
d
to
en
er
g
y
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
u
s
ed
in
d
if
f
er
en
t stu
d
ie
s
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
i
n
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
its
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
[
3
3
]
[
3
4
]
[
3
5
]
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
•
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
h
u
m
i
d
i
t
y
s
e
n
so
r
s
•
Li
g
h
t
a
n
d
p
a
ss
i
v
e
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
(
P
I
R
)
sen
s
o
r
s
•
P
r
o
x
i
mi
t
y
se
n
so
r
s
•
A
n
a
e
r
o
b
i
c
w
a
st
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
me
n
t
•
S
l
u
d
g
e
d
r
y
i
n
g
mo
i
st
u
r
e
-
h
i
g
h
t
r
a
n
s
mi
t
t
a
n
c
e
,
l
o
w
w
a
t
e
r
s
u
n
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
•
H
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
-
e
n
e
r
g
y
sa
v
i
n
g
,
e
m
i
ssi
o
n
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
-
A
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s
•
P
n
e
u
ma
t
i
c
a
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s
•
H
y
d
r
a
u
l
i
c
a
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s
•
Th
e
r
m
a
l
a
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s
•
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s
-
-
M
i
c
r
o
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r
s
-
•
P
u
mp
s
•
A
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
•
P
V
u
n
i
t
(
P
U
)
•
V
A
W
T
u
n
i
t
(
V
U
)
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
-
-
•
H
y
b
r
i
d
smar
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
u
n
i
t
(
H
S
C
U
)
•
Li
-
i
o
n
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
u
n
i
t
(
LB
U
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
co
-
fr
ien
d
ly
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
:
g
r
ee
n
en
erg
y
emp
o
w
ered
b
y
I
o
T
(
N
ikita
A
mo
li
)
907
T
ab
le
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
b
en
e
f
its
an
d
k
ey
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
co
r
e
I
o
T
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
—
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
an
d
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
—
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
ei
r
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
p
o
wer
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
m
o
d
er
n
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
a
r
o
o
m
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
s
m
ar
t
th
er
m
o
s
tat.
As
s
o
o
n
as
s
o
m
eo
n
e
en
ter
s
th
e
r
o
o
m
,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
in
th
e
t
h
er
m
o
s
tat
d
etec
ts
ch
an
g
e
in
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
A
tin
y
u
n
it
ca
lled
a
th
er
m
is
to
r
,
a
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esis
to
r
wh
o
s
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
r
esis
tan
ce
v
ar
ies
with
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
h
el
p
s
in
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
f
th
e
r
o
o
m
is
co
o
ler
th
an
th
e
d
esire
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
et
o
n
th
e
t
h
er
m
o
s
tat,
th
en
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
ch
an
g
e
in
r
esis
tan
ce
is
th
en
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
an
elec
tr
ic
al
s
ig
n
al
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
ir
ed
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
c
h
ec
k
ed
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
d
esire
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
th
e
th
er
m
o
s
tat
will
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
to
lo
wer
th
e
r
o
o
m
'
s
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
es
as
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
s
th
e
r
o
o
m
'
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
it r
em
ai
n
s
with
in
th
e
d
esire
d
r
a
n
g
e
s
et
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
b
en
e
f
its
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
S
e
n
s
o
r
s [3
6
]
•
V
e
r
y
c
o
s
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
s we
l
l
a
s
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
s l
e
ss
p
o
w
e
r
.
•
P
e
r
f
o
r
ms
v
a
r
i
o
u
s t
a
s
k
s l
i
k
e
d
a
t
a
se
n
si
n
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
d
a
t
a
st
o
r
a
g
e
a
n
d
ma
n
y
mo
r
e
.
•
Th
e
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
r
e
c
h
a
r
g
e
a
b
l
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
su
p
e
r
-
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s.
•
Th
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
a
r
e
f
o
r
st
o
r
a
g
e
c
l
a
ss
e
s,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
s.
A
c
t
u
a
t
o
r
s [
3
7
]
•
R
e
d
u
c
e
s
e
n
e
r
g
e
t
i
c
a
n
d
p
e
a
k
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s.
•
P
o
w
e
r
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
ma
x
i
m
i
z
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
a
n
y
c
i
r
c
u
mst
a
n
c
e
s
.
M
i
c
r
o
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r
s [3
4
]
•
F
e
a
si
b
l
e
t
o
u
s
e
w
i
t
h
m
o
d
e
r
n
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
.
•
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
a
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
.
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
[
3
2
]
•
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
mi
c
r
o
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
.
•
e
mb
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
st
e
ms
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
g
a
d
g
e
t
s.
I
n
a
s
m
ar
t
h
o
u
s
e
wh
er
e
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
m
an
a
g
ed
b
y
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
tem
r
ec
eiv
es
in
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
p
lace
d
with
in
th
e
h
o
u
s
e.
W
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
in
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
r
o
o
m
v
ar
i
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
esire
d
lev
el,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ac
tiv
ates
a
ctu
ato
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
h
e
atin
g
,
v
en
tilatio
n
,
an
d
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
(
HVAC)
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
an
y
s
o
r
t
o
f
c
h
an
g
e,
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
s
en
t
to
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
to
th
e
ac
tu
ato
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
HVAC
to
t
u
r
n
o
n
th
e
d
esire
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
ac
tu
ato
r
s
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
lely
liab
le
f
o
r
all
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
th
e
HAVC
s
y
s
tem
lik
e
o
p
en
in
g
an
d
clo
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
u
cts,
o
n
/o
f
f
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
,
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
t
o
f
s
p
ee
d
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
s
ig
n
als
th
at
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
Af
ter
s
ettin
g
th
e
d
esire
d
lev
els,
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
ac
tu
at
o
r
s
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
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s
tem
to
cr
ea
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f
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r
tab
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e
n
v
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m
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s
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in
Fig
u
r
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3.
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u
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Me
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Me
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CO
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ev
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T
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tech
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o
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ies,
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tu
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y
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ig
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ly
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e
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e
d
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o
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th
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s
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will
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ess
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n
d
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f
in
d
in
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o
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th
is
r
ev
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en
co
u
r
a
g
e
f
u
r
th
er
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ter
d
is
cip
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m
ain
ly
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p
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atin
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o
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T
o
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t
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ax
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ased
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o
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e:
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t
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ar
t
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is
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im
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o
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d
m
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en
t
o
f
d
em
an
d
s
;
ii)
I
o
T
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
f
a
r
m
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it
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im
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r
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e
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t,
ir
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ar
m
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wh
ich
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g
y
ef
f
icien
t
;
iii)
T
h
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ld
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e
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ess
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m
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aig
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tech
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e
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er
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y
;
iv
)
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ith
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o
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cr
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s
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RE
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NC
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[
1
]
U
n
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t
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s
,
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G
o
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:
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.
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O
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]
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A
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.
[
2
]
U
n
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N
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s
,
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o
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1
5
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.
[
3
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I
EA
,
“
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EA
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.
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.
[
4
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M
.
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.
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,
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[
5
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S
.
R
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,
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.
[
6
]
J.
A
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,
C
.
G
o
h
,
A
.
S
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v
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.
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B
I
O
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RAP
H
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Nik
ita
Am
o
li
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a
s
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p
lete
d
BBA.L
L.
B
(Ho
n
s.)
fr
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m
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n
c
h
a
l
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n
iv
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Law
Co
ll
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g
e
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n
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ic
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d
p
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ss
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a
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j
o
u
r
n
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y
.
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r
in
tere
sts
li
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in
c
o
rp
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ra
te
law
,
leg
a
l
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se
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rc
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p
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t.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
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c
o
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tac
ted
a
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m
a
il
:
a
m
o
li
n
ik
it
a
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
J
itend
r
a
S
in
g
h
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
r
k
in
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p
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De
p
a
rtme
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t
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a
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a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
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a
w
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ll
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g
e
De
h
ra
d
u
n
,
Uttara
n
c
h
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
is
a
c
o
n
n
o
isse
u
r
in
t
h
e
field
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f
M
a
n
a
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m
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t
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tu
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ies
.
Dr.
S
i
n
g
h
h
a
s
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
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y
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a
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a
rs
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rich
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d
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str
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p
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rien
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tak
in
g
u
p
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ra
ti
o
n
p
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siti
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s.
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h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
M
.
Co
m
.
,
M
BA
,
M
.
P
h
i
l.
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
rji
ten
d
ra
lcd
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ap
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n
g
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N:
2252
-
8
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r
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911
Ra
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c
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rre
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P
h
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s
c
h
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a
t
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Un
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y
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De
h
ra
d
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n
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Uttara
k
h
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n
d
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d
ia.
His
a
c
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ic
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ro
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n
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re
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l
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ted
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se
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tem
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siz
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x
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d
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ra
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ti
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a
l
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n
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rsta
n
d
in
g
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c
a
n
b
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c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
il
:
ra
h
u
lma
h
a
la9
8
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Ra
je
sh
S
in
g
h
is
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
with
Ut
tara
n
c
h
a
l
Un
i
v
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a
s
a
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
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irec
to
r
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se
a
rc
h
a
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ti
o
n
)
with
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
twe
n
t
y
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a
rs o
f
e
x
p
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rien
c
e
in
a
c
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d
e
m
ics
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
.
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a
re
a
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
i
n
c
lu
d
e
s
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
s,
ro
b
o
ti
c
s
,
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
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in
tern
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t
o
f
t
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in
g
s
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a
n
d
m
a
c
h
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e
lea
rn
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g
.
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h
a
s
b
e
e
n
h
o
n
o
re
d
a
s
a
k
e
y
n
o
te
sp
e
a
k
e
r
a
n
d
se
ss
io
n
c
h
a
ir
at
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l/
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
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s,
fa
c
u
lt
y
d
e
v
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lo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
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g
ra
m
s,
wo
r
k
sh
o
p
s
,
a
n
d
we
b
i
n
a
rs
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sra
jsss
se
c
e
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Ani
ta
G
e
h
lo
t
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
with
Uttara
n
c
h
a
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
a
s
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
n
d
h
e
a
d
(re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
)
with
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
1
5
y
e
a
rs o
f
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
a
c
a
d
e
m
ics
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
to
p
1
0
in
n
o
v
a
to
rs
o
f
th
e
d
e
c
a
d
e
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0
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0
-
2
0
2
0
li
ste
d
b
y
Clariv
a
te
An
a
ly
ti
c
s
(W
o
S
).
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
r
a
n
it
a
g
e
h
l
o
t5
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Ma
h
i
m
Ra
j
G
u
p
ta
is
a
n
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
d
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
with
a
d
e
c
a
d
e
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
in
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
in
g
,
tes
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
,
e
x
c
e
ll
in
g
i
n
sy
ste
m
d
e
sig
n
fo
r
m
a
ss
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
A
n
a
tu
ra
l
lea
d
e
r,
h
e
h
a
s
su
c
c
e
ss
fu
ll
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
tea
m
s,
d
e
li
v
e
ri
n
g
m
il
li
o
n
s
o
f
p
r
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d
u
c
ts
to
v
a
rio
u
s
i
n
d
u
stries
.
His
p
a
ss
io
n
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
is
re
flec
ted
in
h
is
5
g
ra
n
ted
US
p
a
ten
ts
a
n
d
8
trad
e
se
c
re
ts,
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
e
ffi
c
ien
c
y
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
a
h
imra
jg
u
p
ta@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.