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teristic
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se
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y
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g
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0
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s)
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su
lt
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d
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flam
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h
is
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b
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c
a
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m
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n
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li
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let
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re
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t
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k
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su
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t
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a
t
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re
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4
6
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8
2
m
m
.
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h
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e
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s.
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is
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se
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th
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sh
a
p
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f
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h
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flam
e
to
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x
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d
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t
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p
o
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ti
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u
rre
d
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ste
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th
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s
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n
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re
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sin
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th
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siz
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flam
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.
K
ey
w
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s
:
B
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate
C
o
m
b
u
s
tio
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ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Fatty
ac
id
Sin
g
le
d
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o
p
let
Veg
etab
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T
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s
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e
CC B
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-
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li
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C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
Do
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Per
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a
n
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Dep
ar
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t o
f
Me
ch
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E
n
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in
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Un
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s
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Ma
ar
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Stre
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3
0
,
T
am
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,
Sid
o
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6
1
2
5
7
,
E
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-
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I
n
d
o
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ail:
d
o
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p
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u
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ac
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1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
u
r
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en
tly
,
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
ar
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
civ
ilizatio
n
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
h
as
h
ad
a
n
im
p
ac
t
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
lead
in
g
to
ea
r
l
y
s
ca
r
city
[
1
]
.
T
ig
h
te
r
em
is
s
io
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
o
ils
p
r
ice,
an
d
a
lim
ited
s
u
p
p
ly
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o
s
s
il
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u
el
h
a
v
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m
a
k
es
it
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ec
ess
ar
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s
ee
k
s
u
s
tain
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le
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d
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v
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o
n
m
en
tal
ly
f
r
ien
d
ly
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
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s
[
2
]
.
Var
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s
attem
p
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as
m
ad
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to
r
esear
ch
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s
to
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el
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o
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els,
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n
e
o
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s
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ls
f
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etab
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d
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im
al
f
at
[
3
]
.
T
o
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c
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p
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b
lem
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els,
alter
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ativ
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lu
tio
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s
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etab
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r
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n
tally
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g
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ce
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
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ad
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an
tag
es
o
f
u
s
in
g
v
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etab
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ils
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en
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ilit
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lo
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lf
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r
co
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te
n
t,
an
d
b
io
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e
g
r
ad
a
b
ilit
y
[
6
]
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
th
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d
is
ad
v
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t
ag
es
ar
e
th
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h
ig
h
est
d
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ity
,
h
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h
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v
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co
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,
lo
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ap
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r
atio
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ates,
an
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s
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h
y
d
r
o
ca
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b
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ch
ain
s
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
Veg
etab
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o
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g
en
er
ally
tr
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ly
ce
r
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d
e
m
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ain
,
s
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as
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ac
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in
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[
9
]
,
[
1
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.
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g
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ch
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s
tr
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f
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atty
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I
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2252
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n
in
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
len
g
th
.
Un
s
atu
r
ated
s
h
o
w
p
o
o
r
o
x
id
atio
n
s
ta
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
elea
s
e
m
o
r
e
NOx
th
an
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
[
1
5
]
.
Owin
g
t
o
s
tr
ict
em
is
s
io
n
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
alth
o
u
g
h
b
i
o
d
iesel
o
r
ig
in
atin
g
f
r
o
m
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
h
as
lo
wer
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
lo
wer
NOx
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
l
o
wer
o
x
id
a
tio
n
s
tab
ilit
y
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
ar
e
s
tar
tin
g
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
b
io
d
iesel d
er
iv
ed
o
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
i
d
s
[
1
6
]
.
Ma
n
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
u
el
s
atu
r
atio
n
lead
s
to
lo
wer
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
h
ig
h
er
ce
tan
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
h
ig
h
er
th
er
m
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
g
o
o
d
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
es
i
n
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
o
n
s
h
o
r
ter
ig
n
itio
n
d
elay
s
an
d
b
u
r
n
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
s
,
b
u
t
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
,
p
er
m
an
en
t
b
u
r
n
r
ates,
ce
r
tain
p
o
wer
,
an
d
f
lam
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
B
u
r
n
in
g
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
h
as
th
e
lo
n
g
est
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
s
an
d
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
ess
u
r
e
th
an
to
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
[
1
8
]
.
L
in
s
ee
d
o
il
m
eth
y
l
ester
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lin
o
len
ic
ac
id
co
n
ten
t
(
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
a
tty
ac
id
ester
s
)
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
itab
l
e
to
d
iesel
en
g
in
es
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
n
itro
g
en
o
x
id
e
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
lo
west
th
er
m
al
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
9
]
.
Hig
h
est
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
,
h
ig
h
est
NOx
,
an
d
lo
west
C
O
em
is
s
io
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
atu
r
ated
ac
id
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
lo
n
g
e
r
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
ca
u
s
e
a
h
ig
h
er
f
lam
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
a
n
o
p
en
f
lam
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
esti
n
g
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
att
y
ac
id
b
i
o
d
iesel
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
in
jectio
n
d
iesel
en
g
in
es
r
e
s
u
lted
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
:
i
)
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
est
d
en
s
ity
b
u
t
lo
wer
v
is
co
s
ity
;
ii
)
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
u
n
s
atu
r
at
ed
f
atty
ac
id
h
av
e
lo
wer
ce
tan
e
n
u
m
b
er
,
h
ig
h
est
ac
tiv
atio
n
e
n
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
lo
n
g
e
s
t
ig
n
itio
n
d
ela
y
s
;
iii
)
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
att
y
ac
id
s
r
esu
lt
in
h
ig
h
er
HC
,
C
O,
an
d
s
m
o
k
e;
iv
)
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
r
esu
lt
in
h
ig
h
er
NO
d
u
e
to
lo
n
g
est
ig
n
itio
n
d
elay
s
an
d
f
a
s
t
in
jectio
n
f
u
el
tim
es;
an
d
v
)
ex
h
au
s
t
g
as
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
g
as,
an
d
h
ea
t
r
elea
s
e
r
ates
wer
e
h
ig
h
er
f
o
r
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
b
io
d
iesel
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
b
io
d
iesel
f
u
els,
NOx
em
is
s
io
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
b
y
1
0
% a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
m
ass
em
is
s
io
n
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
at
2
0
%
[
2
2
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
m
en
tio
n
ed
a
b
o
v
e,
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
f
atty
ac
id
at
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
an
d
f
lam
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
,
wh
ich
p
lay
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
les
in
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
af
f
ec
t
en
g
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Par
ticu
lar
atten
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
aid
to
th
e
ch
em
ical
-
p
h
y
s
ica
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
as
alter
n
ativ
e
f
u
el.
Hen
ce
,
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
f
atty
ac
id
s
in
th
e
s
tab
ilizatio
n
o
f
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
ata
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
b
u
r
n
in
g
f
atty
ac
id
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
r
o
p
let
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
is
clo
s
ed
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
v
er
v
i
ew
o
f
h
o
w
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
s
p
r
o
c
ess
o
n
v
e
g
etab
le
o
ils
o
n
en
g
i
n
es
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
o
f
s
tu
d
y
im
p
ac
t
o
n
f
u
el
in
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
s
ch
am
b
er
,
m
ain
ly
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
eq
u
ip
m
en
t,
d
u
r
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
ed
.
T
h
o
s
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
t
o
r
ev
ea
l
r
o
le
o
f
f
atty
ac
id
s
o
n
en
g
in
e
i
n
ter
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
u
r
e
v
e
g
etab
le
o
ils
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Veg
e
t
a
ble
o
il c
hem
ica
l s
t
ruct
ures a
nd
pro
pert
ies
Veg
etab
le
o
ils
test
ed
in
clu
d
ed
ce
ib
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
a
n
d
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
ils
.
I
ts
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
was
o
b
ta
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
Fatty
ac
id
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
,
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
g
ly
ce
r
o
l,
g
u
m
s
,
a
n
d
wate
r
in
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
h
a
v
e
d
escr
ib
ed
o
n
o
u
r
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
ese
ar
ch
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
a
pp
a
ra
t
u
s
Stu
d
y
h
a
v
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tally
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
u
s
ed
was
s
h
o
ws
s
ch
em
atica
lly
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
ils
d
r
o
p
let
o
f
ce
i
b
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
an
d
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
ils
wer
e
h
u
n
g
at
th
e
ju
n
ctio
n
a
ty
p
e
-
K
t
h
er
m
o
co
u
p
le
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
0
.
1
m
m
(
5
)
.
Sin
g
le
f
u
el
d
r
o
p
lets
wer
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
r
in
g
e
(
1
m
L
)
at
1
0
0
s
tr
ip
s
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wed
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
liq
u
i
d
o
n
s
y
r
in
g
e
s
o
th
at’
s
ea
ch
s
tr
i
p
was 1
0
μ
L
(
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
L
)
.
T
h
e
d
r
o
p
lets
s
ize
wer
e
f
ix
ed
at
d
iam
eter
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
3
-
0
.
6
m
m
(
4
)
.
T
h
ese
d
r
o
p
lets
ar
e
ig
n
ited
b
y
a
0
.
3
m
m
d
iam
eter
elec
tr
ic
co
il
h
ea
ter
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
Ni
-
C
r
wir
e
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
3
0
m
m
lo
n
g
wi
r
e
h
ad
a
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
.
0
2
Ω
with
v
o
ltag
e
6
V
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
5
A.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
e
r
(
6
)
.
Data
c
o
llectio
n
was
r
ep
ea
ted
f
iv
e
tim
es.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
cquis
it
io
n
T
h
e
th
er
m
o
co
u
p
le
s
ig
n
al
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
n
m
i
d
d
le
o
f
d
r
o
p
lets
wer
e
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
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n
n
ec
ted
to
Ar
d
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o
UNO
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3
At
m
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3
2
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as
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ata
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er
(
7
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.
Data
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
b
eg
an
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
tim
e
th
at
th
e
h
ea
ter
was
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
b
y
a
6
V
5
A
DC
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
(
2
)
.
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
d
ata
r
ec
o
r
d
er
with
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
0
.
0
1
Hz
s
en
d
s
f
lam
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
ig
n
al
to
lap
to
p
(
8
)
.
I
m
ag
e
d
ata
o
f
f
lam
es
wer
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
I
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t J Ap
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14
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4
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Dec
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er
20
25
:
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r
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r
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1
2
3
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Fig
u
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e
1
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
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p
ar
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tu
s
: (
1
)
p
u
s
h
o
n
s
witch
,
(
2
)
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
,
(
3
)
elec
tr
ical
h
ea
t
er
,
(
4
)
d
r
o
p
let,
(
5
)
th
er
m
o
co
u
p
le,
(
6
)
co
m
b
u
s
t
io
n
s
ch
am
b
er
,
(
7
)
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
s
,
(
8
)
la
p
to
p
,
a
n
d
(
9
)
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
ca
m
er
as
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
St
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
f
la
m
e
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics o
f
v
a
rio
us
v
e
g
et
a
ble o
ils
a
nd
t
im
e
o
f
ev
o
lutio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
wn
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
h
ap
e
o
f
f
lam
es
at
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
r
ates.
T
h
e
b
u
r
n
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
p
u
r
e
v
eg
etab
le
o
il
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
lam
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
two
th
in
g
s
.
First,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ce
i
b
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
o
il
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
f
lam
e
i
s
s
till
s
tab
le
u
n
til
7
3
7
m
s
,
a
f
ter
wh
ich
it
s
tar
ts
to
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
af
te
r
9
3
8
m
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
.
I
n
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il,
th
e
f
lam
e
was
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
an
d
s
tar
ted
to
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
af
ter
1
3
4
0
m
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
lar
g
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
co
n
ten
t
o
f
o
leic
ac
id
an
d
its
lo
w
f
lash
p
o
in
t.
A
lo
w
f
lash
p
o
in
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
b
u
r
n
f
aster
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
f
la
m
e
o
n
th
e
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
b
u
r
n
s
at
6
7
m
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
is
1
3
4
m
s
b
u
r
n
s
q
u
ick
ly
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
len
g
th
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
an
d
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
atu
r
atio
n
b
o
th
in
cr
ea
s
e
v
is
co
s
ity
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
ig
n
itio
n
d
elay
[
1
2
]
.
Veg
etab
le
o
ils
b
u
r
n
o
n
t
h
r
ee
s
tag
es:
u
n
s
atu
r
a
ted
f
atty
ac
id
b
eg
in
t
o
b
u
r
n
in
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e,
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
i
d
b
eg
in
s
to
b
u
r
n
i
n
s
tag
e
two
,
an
d
g
ly
ce
r
o
l
b
eg
i
n
s
to
b
u
r
n
in
th
e
th
ir
d
s
tag
e.
W
h
en
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
s
t
ar
t
to
ex
h
au
s
t,
wh
ile
g
ly
ce
r
o
l
b
eg
in
s
to
e
v
ap
o
r
ate,
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
b
eg
in
to
p
en
etr
ate
a
n
d
b
ec
o
m
e
tr
a
p
p
ed
o
n
g
l
y
ce
r
o
ls
.
T
r
ap
p
in
g
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
i
d
s
in
g
ly
ce
r
o
l
ca
u
s
es
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
ev
ap
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
,
f
in
ally
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e
b
u
b
b
les b
u
r
s
t in
m
icr
o
-
ex
p
lo
s
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
ese
m
icr
o
-
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
s
ca
u
s
e
th
e
f
lam
es to
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le.
T
h
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
v
eg
etab
le
o
ils
with
h
ig
h
er
co
n
ten
t
o
n
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
i
d
r
esu
lts
o
n
lo
n
g
est
an
d
m
o
s
t
s
tab
le
f
lam
es
life
b
ec
au
s
e
o
leic
an
d
lin
o
leic
ac
id
ca
r
b
o
n
ato
m
s
leav
in
g
th
e
d
r
o
p
let
ar
ea
r
ea
ct
with
th
e
air
s
o
th
at
t
h
ey
b
u
r
n
ac
tiv
ely
an
d
en
e
r
g
etica
lly
.
T
h
is
ar
ea
is
g
o
o
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ad
ian
t
h
ea
tin
g
en
er
g
y
to
m
ain
tain
f
lam
es
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
i
s
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
b
ein
g
m
o
r
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
an
d
h
ig
h
ly
r
ea
ctiv
e
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
tab
le
f
lam
e.
3
.
2
.
T
em
pera
t
ure
a
nd
t
im
e
o
f
ev
o
lutio
n f
o
r
v
a
rio
us
v
eg
e
t
a
ble o
ils
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ea
ch
ed
7
8
0
C
in
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
at
8
7
1
m
s
,
w
h
er
ea
s
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
it
was
6
7
1
.
7
5
C
at
7
3
7
m
s
.
J
atr
o
p
h
a
o
il
ab
s
o
r
b
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
en
er
g
y
at
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
ab
s
o
r
b
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
en
er
g
y
o
n
th
e
en
d
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
.
T
em
p
e
r
atu
r
e
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
at
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
n
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
was
h
ig
h
er
s
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
ce
ib
a
p
e
n
tan
d
r
a
o
il;
h
o
wev
er
,
o
n
th
e
e
n
d
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
c
eib
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
o
il
was
h
i
g
h
e
r
.
C
eib
a
p
e
n
tan
d
r
a
o
il
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
lo
n
g
e
r
h
ea
tin
g
tim
e
th
an
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il.
B
ec
au
s
e
ce
ib
a
p
e
n
tan
d
r
a
o
il
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
is
co
s
ity
an
d
s
atu
r
at
ed
f
atty
ac
id
s
,
it
is
m
o
s
tly
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
an
d
s
tiff
m
o
lecu
les.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
an
d
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
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-
8
7
9
2
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ffect
o
n
s
a
tu
r
a
ted
a
n
d
u
n
s
a
t
u
r
a
ted
fa
tty
a
cid
s
o
n
va
r
io
u
s
v
eg
eta
b
le
o
ils
o
n
d
r
o
p
let
…
(
D
o
n
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erd
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n
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)
983
o
il
s
h
o
w
th
e
en
d
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
til
d
r
o
p
lets
r
u
n
o
u
t,
t
h
e
f
lam
e
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
es,
an
d
th
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
er
e
is
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
r
ate
o
f
ev
a
p
o
r
atio
n
an
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
;
th
e
r
e
is
a
ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
m
o
lec
u
les
as
th
e
r
ates
o
f
ev
a
p
o
r
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
th
e
d
r
o
p
let
d
iam
ete
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
Flam
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
o
f
v
eg
eta
b
le
o
ils
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
len
g
th
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
s
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
b
o
n
d
s
[
1
7
]
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
is
s
im
ilar
to
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
B
en
ju
m
ea
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
,
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
alo
n
g
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
h
ea
t
o
f
b
u
r
n
in
g
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
in
d
icate
d
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
ato
m
s
.
C
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
m
an
y
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
ic
h
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
im
p
ac
t
ig
n
itio
n
d
elay
s
[
2
5
]
.
Un
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
c
o
n
tain
two
b
o
n
d
s
.
Do
u
b
le
an
d
tr
i
p
le
b
o
n
d
s
ca
u
s
e
m
o
lecu
les
to
b
ec
o
m
e
wea
k
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
less
s
tab
le,
m
o
r
e
en
e
r
g
etic,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
ea
s
ily
o
x
id
ized
,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
em
to
b
u
r
n
f
aster
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
i
d
s
h
av
e
lo
wer
f
lash
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ate
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
r
ele
ase
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
r
ee
f
ac
t
o
r
s
:
th
e
f
lash
p
o
in
t,
ca
lo
r
ic
v
al
u
e,
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
b
u
r
n
in
g
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
J
atr
o
p
h
a
o
il
h
as
a
lo
wer
f
lash
p
o
in
t
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ca
lo
r
i
f
ic
v
al
u
e
th
an
o
t
h
er
o
ils
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
j
atr
o
p
h
a
o
il
h
as
a
h
ig
h
e
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
th
an
ce
i
b
a
p
e
n
tan
d
r
a
o
il.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
f
lam
e
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
o
il
in
d
icate
s
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ate
d
to
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
o
il.
Hig
h
er
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
lam
e,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
o
il
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stab
ilit
y
an
d
s
h
ap
e
o
f
f
lam
es a
t e
v
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
v
eg
etab
le
o
ils
: (
a)
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
an
d
(
b
)
jatr
o
p
h
a
cu
r
ca
s
o
il
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
v
er
s
u
s
f
lam
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
v
eg
etab
le
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ils
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
2
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t J Ap
p
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14
,
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.
4
,
Dec
em
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er
20
25
:
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8
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984
3
.
3
.
B
urnin
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ra
t
e
a
nd
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o
lut
io
n t
im
e
f
o
r
v
a
rio
us
v
eg
e
t
a
bl
e
o
ils
T
h
e
b
u
r
n
i
n
g
r
ate
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
ce
ib
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
an
d
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ev
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e.
C
eib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate
o
f
0
.
1
8
5
m
m
/s
at
an
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o
l
u
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
1
1
3
9
m
s
,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
at
0
.
1
5
5
m
m
/s
at
a
n
ev
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
1
2
7
3
m
s
.
C
eib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
s
tar
ted
b
u
r
n
in
g
at
6
7
m
s
with
a
b
u
r
n
i
n
g
s
p
ee
d
o
f
0
.
0
1
8
m
m
/s
u
n
til
th
e
f
ir
e
b
e
g
an
to
e
x
tin
g
u
is
h
af
ter
1
1
3
9
m
s
.
W
h
ile
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
s
tar
ted
b
u
r
n
in
g
at
6
7
m
s
with
a
b
u
r
n
in
g
s
p
ee
d
o
f
0
.
0
1
m
m
/s
,
af
ter
p
ass
in
g
an
ev
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
1
2
7
3
m
s
,
th
e
f
lam
e
b
eg
an
to
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
c
h
ain
co
n
ten
t
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
o
n
f
o
r
m
o
f
l
in
o
leic
an
d
p
al
m
itic
ac
id
s
,
f
la
s
h
p
o
in
t,
k
i
n
em
atic
v
is
co
s
ity
,
len
g
th
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
,
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
b
o
n
d
in
ce
i
b
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
ar
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
o
s
e
in
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
v
a
n
d
er
W
aa
ls
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t
f
o
r
ce
th
at
b
in
d
s
to
th
e
ca
r
b
o
n
ch
ain
s
o
f
ce
i
b
a
p
en
t
an
d
r
a
o
il
is
wea
k
er
th
an
th
at
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
es
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
d
r
o
p
lets
to
r
esp
o
n
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
tly
to
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il.
T
h
e
p
o
ly
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
ch
ain
co
n
ten
t
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t o
n
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
at
o
f
I
b
ad
u
r
r
o
h
m
an
et
a
l.
[1
7
]
,
f
o
u
n
d
s
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
er
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
r
ates.
I
n
c
r
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
o
f
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate
in
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tead
ily
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il,
wh
ich
h
as
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
an
e
x
tr
em
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
c
o
n
ten
t
to
h
ea
t
ab
s
o
r
b
e
d
in
ce
ib
a
p
e
n
t
an
d
r
a
o
il
is
m
o
r
e
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
le
s
s
s
t
if
f
th
an
th
at
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il.
3
.
4
.
F
l
a
m
e
heig
ht
a
nd
ev
o
lutio
n t
im
e
in v
a
ri
o
us
v
eg
et
a
bl
e
o
ils
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
f
lam
e
h
eig
h
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
in
g
le
-
d
r
o
p
let
p
u
r
e
v
eg
etab
le
o
ils
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
lam
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
ce
ib
a
p
en
t
an
d
r
a
h
as
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
s
in
ce
th
e
d
r
o
p
let
b
u
r
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
u
n
til 8
7
1
m
s
with
a
h
eig
h
t o
f
5
5
.
0
3
m
m
th
en
d
r
o
p
s
u
n
til it e
x
tin
g
u
is
h
es,
wh
ile
th
e
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
is
4
6
.
8
2
m
m
at
a
tim
e
o
f
9
3
8
m
s
th
en
d
r
o
p
s
to
2
6
.
4
4
m
m
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
lam
e
e
x
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
.
T
h
at
is
b
ec
au
s
e
lo
n
g
-
ch
ai
n
s
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
an
d
g
ly
ce
r
o
ls
ca
u
s
e
m
icr
o
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
icr
o
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
ca
u
s
es
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
f
lam
e
to
s
p
lit
an
d
ex
p
an
d
,
s
u
ch
th
at
ev
ap
o
r
a
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
f
aster
,
th
u
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
f
lam
e.
C
eib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
h
a
s
a
h
ig
h
er
g
ly
ce
r
o
l
co
n
te
n
t
th
an
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il,
wh
ic
h
ca
u
s
es
it
to
tak
e
m
o
r
e
tim
e
an
d
en
er
g
y
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
e
r
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
s
o
th
at
th
e
f
lam
e
b
ec
am
e
h
ig
h
e
r
.
J
atr
o
p
h
a
o
il
h
as
a
h
ig
h
o
leic
ac
id
co
n
ten
t
an
d
a
lo
w
f
lash
p
o
in
t
v
alu
e;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
e
v
ap
o
r
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
f
aster
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
m
o
r
e
tim
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
lam
e
to
ex
tin
g
u
is
h
th
an
ce
ib
a
p
en
ta
n
d
r
a
o
il
d
id
.
T
h
e
f
lam
e
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
is
less
s
tab
le
th
an
th
at
o
f
ce
ib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
b
ec
au
s
e
h
ig
h
e
r
f
lam
e
in
d
icate
d
th
at
f
lam
es ten
d
t
o
b
e
less
s
tab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
h
av
e
a
l
o
n
g
er
s
tr
etch
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
a
f
lam
e
d
ep
e
n
d
s
m
ain
ly
o
n
th
e
ch
em
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
h
em
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
wer
e
clo
s
ely
r
elat
ed
to
o
x
y
g
en
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
f
u
el.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
f
lam
e
h
eig
h
t
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
air
b
in
d
s
m
o
r
e
f
u
el
m
o
lecu
les,
s
u
ch
th
at
th
e
f
u
el
f
r
ac
tio
n
at
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
f
lam
e
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
u
el
f
r
ac
tio
n
r
esu
lts
in
m
o
r
e
f
u
e
l
th
at
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
b
ee
n
c
o
m
p
l
etely
b
u
r
n
ed
,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es th
e
f
lam
e
lev
el
to
b
e
lo
wer
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
v
er
s
u
s
th
e
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ate
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
v
eg
etab
le
o
ils
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
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2
E
ffect
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a
tu
r
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t
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o
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(
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985
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
tim
e
v
er
s
u
s
f
lam
e
h
eig
h
t
of
v
ar
i
o
u
s
v
eg
e
tab
le
o
ils
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Hig
h
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
o
leic
an
d
s
tear
ic
ac
id
s
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
f
lash
p
o
in
t
o
f
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
ca
u
s
e
d
elay
s
in
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
an
d
f
lam
e
in
s
tab
il
ity
.
Un
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
with
lar
g
e
co
n
ten
t
ca
u
s
e
b
u
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
f
lam
e
s
p
r
ea
d
f
aster
,
wh
ile
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
r
ea
ct
m
o
r
e
s
lo
wly
an
d
ca
u
s
e
th
e
f
lam
e
to
p
r
o
p
ag
a
te
s
lo
wer
-
m
o
v
in
g
b
ac
k
war
d
.
L
in
o
leic
f
atty
ac
id
s
d
o
m
in
ate
C
eib
a
p
e
n
tan
d
r
a
o
il
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
lo
n
g
-
ch
ain
f
atty
ac
id
s
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
b
o
n
d
s
,
wh
i
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
f
ast
-
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
at
e,
wh
er
ea
s
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
is
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
m
o
n
o
-
u
n
s
atu
r
ated
f
atty
ac
id
s
,
s
o
th
at
b
u
r
n
in
g
r
ates
ar
e
lo
n
g
er
.
E
n
er
g
y
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
m
o
r
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
in
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
,
wh
er
ea
s
C
eib
a
p
en
tan
d
r
a
o
il
is
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
etic
o
n
th
e
en
d
o
f
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
in
f
lu
en
ce
f
atty
ac
i
d
s
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
b
o
n
d
s
th
at
f
o
r
m
v
eg
etab
le
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[
1
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V
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8
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