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lt
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
v
a
r
i
ati
o
n
s
)
,
a
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
ati
o
n
(
PW
M
)
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
n
e
ed
s
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cir
c
u
it
.
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
is
b
u
ilt
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
.
A
PW
M
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
c
o
n
ta
in
s
p
ass
i
v
e
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ass
i
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
c
an
b
e
a
n
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
a
n
d
a
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
c
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
a
r
e
a
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
a
n
d
a
d
i
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
s
witc
h
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ac
t
iv
at
e
d
b
y
a
PW
M
s
i
g
n
al
.
T
h
e
P
W
M
s
i
g
n
al
h
as
tw
o
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
i.
e.
,
ON
a
n
d
OFF
.
T
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
s
i
n
g
le
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
el
,
th
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
is
u
s
e
d
.
W
e
alr
ea
d
y
k
n
o
w
tw
o
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es,
i
.
e
.
,
s
tat
e
s
p
ac
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
ci
r
c
u
it
av
er
a
g
i
n
g
te
ch
n
i
q
u
es
.
Sta
te
s
p
a
ce
a
v
e
r
ag
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
li
n
ea
r
e
q
u
ati
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
t
er
an
d
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t
a
n
d
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
.
L
i
n
ea
r
iz
ati
o
n
is
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
last
tw
o
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
if
li
n
e
ar
c
o
n
tr
o
l
is
u
s
e
d
.
St
ate
s
p
ac
e
av
er
ag
in
g
h
as
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
esig
n
m
o
d
e
r
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
e
.
g
.
,
a
d
ap
t
iv
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
,
d
y
n
am
ic
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,
li
n
ea
r
q
u
a
d
r
ati
c
r
eg
u
l
at
o
r
(
L
QR
)
co
n
t
r
o
l,
ac
t
iv
e
d
is
t
u
r
b
a
n
ce
r
ej
ec
tio
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l,
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
li
n
e
a
r
iz
ati
o
n
,
s
li
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
t
r
o
l,
a
n
d
f
u
z
zy
l
o
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
[
5
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
av
er
a
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
li
n
e
ar
t
r
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
d
esi
g
n
l
in
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
i
n
te
g
r
al
d
e
r
i
v
a
tiv
e
(
P
I
D
)
,
p
o
l
e
p
l
ac
em
en
t,
a
n
d
lea
d
-
l
ag
c
o
n
t
r
o
ls
.
I
n
ci
r
c
u
it
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
,
w
e
wi
ll
g
et
th
e
li
n
ea
r
e
q
u
at
io
n
d
i
r
e
ctl
y
f
o
r
al
l
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tat
e
s
p
ac
e
av
er
ag
in
g
,
ci
r
c
u
i
t
av
er
a
g
i
n
g
i
s
r
ela
ti
v
el
y
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
g
i
v
es
an
e
asy
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
e
d
t
o
m
o
d
e
l
b
u
c
k
,
b
o
o
s
t
,
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t,
SEP
I
C
,
C
u
k
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
e
r
t
er
s
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
4
]
b
y
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
th
e
t
r
an
s
is
to
r
as
a
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
d
ep
e
n
d
e
n
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
i
o
d
e
as
a
v
o
lta
g
e
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
C
i
r
c
u
it
av
er
a
g
i
n
g
g
i
v
es
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cl
e
to
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
ct
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t,
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e
t
o
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
ct
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
,
a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
es.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
t
h
e
R
B
C
m
o
d
el
i
n
c
o
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
(
C
C
M
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
is
p
r
es
en
te
d
.
Po
we
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
(
PS
I
M
)
s
im
u
la
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
la
b
o
r
at
o
r
y
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
ts
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
cl
a
r
if
y
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
m
o
d
eli
n
g
.
2.
SM
A
L
L
-
S
I
G
NA
L
M
O
D
E
L
I
NG
O
F
RB
C
T
h
e
cir
cu
its
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
R
B
C
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
(
a)
an
d
1
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
B
o
th
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
an
d
u
s
e
s
im
ilar
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
i.e
.
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
d
io
d
e
,
in
d
u
cto
r
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
d
io
d
e,
a
n
d
in
d
u
cto
r
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
a
s
im
ilar
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
th
at
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
ter
m
in
al
o
f
th
e
R
B
C
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ter
m
in
al
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t,
n
o
t
to
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
o
n
e
,
as
in
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Pra
ctica
lly
,
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
a
r
e
id
ea
l.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
id
ea
liti
es
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
in
d
u
cto
r
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
s
er
ies
r
esis
tan
ce
(
E
SR
)
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
E
SR
,
d
io
d
e
f
o
r
war
d
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
th
e
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
o
n
r
esis
tan
ce
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
its
o
f
:
(
a)
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
(
b
)
R
B
C
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
an
d
2
(
b
)
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
els
o
f
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
te
r
in
C
C
M
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
R
B
C
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Her
e,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
DC
an
d
AC
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
an
d
ar
e
th
e
DC
an
d
AC
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
;
an
d
ar
e
th
e
DC
an
d
AC
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t,
an
d
is
th
e
AC
elem
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t;
an
d
ar
e
th
e
DC
an
d
AC
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
o
n
-
d
u
ty
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
s
witc
h
;
an
d
is
th
e
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
o
g
et
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
)
⁄
(
)
an
d
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
to
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
)
(
)
⁄
,
we
s
et
=
0
an
d
=
0
.
T
h
en
th
e
cir
cu
its
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
an
d
2
(
b
)
will
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
i
m
ilar
cir
cu
it
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
b
e
co
m
e
s
im
ilar
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
is
,
we
ca
n
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
R
B
C
d
ir
ec
tly
.
Fro
m
[
2
5
]
we
g
et
:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
|
=
=
0
=
(
1
+
)
(
1
−
)
1
+
2
0
+
(
0
)
2
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2500
-
2
5
0
8
2502
w
h
er
e
:
=
1
−
(
1
−
)
2
−
(
1
−
)
2
+
(
2
)
0
=
√
(
1
−
)
2
+
(
+
)
(
3
)
=
+
[
(
+
)
+
(
1
−
)
2
]
2
√
(
+
)
[
(
1
−
)
2
+
]
(
4
)
=
1
(
5
)
=
(
1
−
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2
−
(
6
)
=
+
(
1
−
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+
(
7
)
+
-
+
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+
L
r
d
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o
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o
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r
d
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l
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i
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r
d
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Fig
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2
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all
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ig
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M
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t c
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r
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u
r
e
3
.
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all
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ig
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el
f
o
r
R
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o
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t c
o
n
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ter
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eter
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in
e
t
h
e
t
r
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er
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n
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n
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o
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d
u
t
y
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cle
to
o
u
tp
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t v
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d
in
d
u
cto
r
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u
r
r
e
n
t
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h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
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d
u
ty
c
y
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u
cto
r
cu
r
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en
t is
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8
)
:
(
)
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(
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2
(
1
−
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2
+
(
9
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=
1
(
2
⁄
+
)
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
ll si
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a
l m
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u
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n
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ely
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h
e
in
p
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u
r
e
4
.
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all
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s
ig
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o
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m
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e
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e
tr
an
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f
er
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t v
o
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e
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o
u
tp
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t
v
o
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e
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d
in
d
u
cto
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c
u
r
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e
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t
:
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a)
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n
v
en
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al
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o
o
s
t c
o
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er
ter
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n
d
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)
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B
C
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
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n
ctio
n
o
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i
n
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u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
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e
f
o
r
R
B
C
is
:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
|
=
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0
=
1
+
+
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1
−
)
1
−
+
2
1
−
1
+
2
0
+
(
0
)
2
(
1
4
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t f
o
r
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
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=
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5
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6
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1
(
+
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1
7
)
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
B
C
,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
cti
o
n
r
elate
d
t
o
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
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u
cto
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r
r
e
n
t is g
iv
en
b
y
:
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)
=
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)
(
)
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(
1
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1
+
2
0
+
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0
)
2
(
1
8
)
=
1
(
+
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(
1
9
)
Fro
m
(
1
5
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
)
,
we
k
n
o
w
th
at
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
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d
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ct
o
r
c
u
r
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en
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o
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t
h
e
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n
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s
t
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n
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e
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ter
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d
R
B
C
h
av
e
a
s
im
ilar
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ar
ac
ter
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
.
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wev
er
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
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e
s
ee
n
at
th
e
ze
r
o
lo
ca
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
ze
r
o
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
lo
ca
ted
clo
s
er
to
th
e
im
ag
in
ar
y
ax
is
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
ze
r
o
o
f
R
B
C
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t th
an
R
B
C
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2500
-
2
5
0
8
2504
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
r
o
m
(
1
1
)
an
d
(
1
4
)
,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
R
B
C
ex
h
ib
it
s
im
ilar
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
in
th
eir
in
p
u
t
-
to
-
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
d
en
o
te
d
as
M
vo
.
L
ik
ewise,
(
1
5
)
an
d
(
1
8
)
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
t
o
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
M
vio
,
is
also
s
im
ilar
.
I
t
im
p
lies
th
at
b
o
th
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
ex
h
ib
it si
m
ilar
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
ct
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t stead
y
s
tate
r
esp
o
n
s
es to
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
eir
tr
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
es d
if
f
er
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
ze
r
o
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
clar
if
y
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
els,
we
c
o
n
d
u
ct
PS
I
M
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
an
d
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
e
x
p
er
im
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
m
a
d
e
o
f
an
in
d
u
cto
r
o
f
2
.
1
m
H,
i
n
d
u
cto
r
E
SR
o
f
0
.
5
O
h
m
,
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
4
7
u
F,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
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SR
o
f
0
.
5
O
h
m
,
I
GB
T
FGL4
0
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2
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AND
with
=
0
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2
Oh
m
,
d
i
o
d
e
f
o
r
war
d
r
esis
tan
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o
f
0
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5
Oh
m
.
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h
e
l
o
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
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2
0
0
Oh
m
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
48
v
o
lts
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
cy
cle
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
(
DSP)
T
MS3
2
0
F2
8
3
7
9
D
f
r
o
m
T
e
x
as
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
1
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
s
en
s
ed
b
y
th
e
AC
S7
1
2
cu
r
r
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
d
th
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
es b
y
th
e
Han
tek
d
if
f
er
en
tial p
r
o
b
e
HT
8
0
5
0
.
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
I
G
B
T
a
n
d
G
a
t
e
D
r
i
v
e
r
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
e
n
s
o
r
D
S
P
S
e
n
s
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
p
p
l
y
G
a
t
e
D
r
i
v
e
r
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
p
p
l
y
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
in
d
u
ct
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
a
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
a
r
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
is
ch
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
to
0
.
6
5
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
in
(
1
)
an
d
(
8
)
to
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
a
g
r
ee
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
em
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
r
ec
iated
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
with
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
a
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
in
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
4
8
V
to
5
8
V,
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
in
p
ar
ts
Fig
u
r
e
s
8
(
a)
a
n
d
8
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
p
l
o
ts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
R
B
C
h
as
lo
wer
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
t
h
an
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
PS
I
M
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t,
f
u
r
th
er
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el’
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
u
p
p
e
r
s
ig
n
al)
an
d
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t (
lo
we
r
s
ig
n
al)
to
d
u
ty
cy
cle
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
ll si
g
n
a
l m
o
d
elin
g
o
f res
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
d
e
(
A
n
w
a
r
Mu
q
o
r
o
b
in
)
2505
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
t
p
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es to
d
u
ty
cy
cle
s
tep
c
h
an
g
e
(
b
lack
tr
ac
e:
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
an
d
g
r
e
en
tr
ac
e:
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt)
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
(
b
)
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
r
e
d
tr
ac
e)
an
d
R
B
C
(
b
lack
tr
ac
e)
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
(
b
)
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
ch
a
n
g
e
(
b
lac
k
tr
ac
e:
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
an
d
g
r
ee
n
tr
ac
e:
s
im
u
latio
n
)
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
(
b
)
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
e
x
h
ib
its
th
e
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
v
ar
iatio
n
in
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
is
ca
s
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
r
ec
tifie
r
with
o
u
t
an
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
,
a
n
d
t
h
eir
ass
o
ciate
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el,
with
p
ar
t
(
a)
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
a
r
t
(
b
)
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
we
ca
n
s
ee
a
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
a
)
b
ec
au
s
e
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t,
t
h
e
u
s
ed
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
is
n
o
t so
h
ig
h
with
r
esp
ec
t to
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
R
B
C
o
u
tp
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es to
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
:
(
a)
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
(
u
p
p
er
s
ig
n
al
)
an
d
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t (
l
o
wer
s
ig
n
al)
(
b
)
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
(
u
p
p
e
r
s
ig
n
al)
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t (
lo
wer
s
ig
n
al)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2500
-
2
5
0
8
2506
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
R
B
C
o
u
tp
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es f
r
o
m
co
n
v
e
r
ter
m
o
d
el
(
b
la
ck
tr
ac
e)
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
es
u
lt (
g
r
ee
n
tr
ac
e)
:
(
a)
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
(
b
)
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
ir
cu
it
av
er
ag
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
d
u
ty
cy
cle
to
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
R
B
C
.
T
h
e
R
B
C
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
to
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
ct
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
te
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
R
B
C
ca
n
ad
o
p
t
s
im
ilar
co
n
tr
o
l
d
esig
n
t
o
th
at
o
f
s
tan
d
a
r
d
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
.
I
n
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
th
e
R
B
C
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
to
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
ex
h
ib
it
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
R
B
C
ar
e
s
im
ilar
t
o
th
o
s
e
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
R
u
m
ah
Pro
g
r
am
E
n
er
g
i Ber
k
elan
ju
tan
n
u
m
b
e
r
7
/I
I
I
.
3
/HK/2
0
2
5
,
R
esear
ch
Or
g
an
izatio
n
f
o
r
E
n
er
g
y
an
d
Ma
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e,
Natio
n
al
R
esear
ch
an
d
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
A
g
en
cy
(
B
R
I
N)
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
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M
So
Va
Fo
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Vi
Su
P
Fu
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q
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in
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Su
lis
ty
o
W
ijan
ar
k
o
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Mu
h
am
m
ad
Kasim
✓
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✓
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Pu
d
ji I
r
asar
i
✓
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Ketu
t Wi
r
tay
asa
✓
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✓
✓
Pu
ji W
id
iy
an
to
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
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l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
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Va
:
Va
l
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d
a
t
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Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
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s
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s
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:
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n
v
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s
t
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g
a
t
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o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
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s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
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o
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:
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r
i
t
i
n
g
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r
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g
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n
a
l
D
r
a
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:
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r
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R
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v
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&
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t
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:
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su
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t
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:
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p
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v
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s
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P
:
P
r
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t
a
d
mi
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st
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a
t
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Fu
:
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n
d
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g
a
c
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CO
NF
L
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C
T
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R
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S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
ar
ticle
[
an
d
/o
r
its
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
m
ater
ials
]
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
J
.
S
a
t
h
i
k
,
J.
D
.
N
a
v
a
ma
n
i
,
A
.
La
v
a
n
y
a
,
Y
.
Y
a
n
g
,
D
.
A
l
ma
k
h
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
F
.
B
l
a
a
b
j
e
r
g
,
“
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
n
r
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
d
c
/
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s,”
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
a
n
d
Ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
4
4
–
5
5
5
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TD
M
R
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
1
6
9
4
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
ll si
g
n
a
l m
o
d
elin
g
o
f res
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
d
e
(
A
n
w
a
r
Mu
q
o
r
o
b
in
)
2507
[
2
]
R
.
D
.
N
.
A
d
i
t
a
m
a
,
N
.
R
a
m
a
d
h
a
n
i
,
J.
F
u
r
q
a
n
i
,
A
.
R
i
z
q
i
a
w
a
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
A
.
D
a
h
o
n
o
,
“
N
e
w
b
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
e
p
-
u
p
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
D
ri
v
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
9
–
1
7
0
7
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
e
d
s
.
v
1
2
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
6
9
9
-
1
7
0
7
.
[
3
]
L
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
F
.
J
i
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Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
(BRIN)
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r'
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fro
m
Ha
sa
n
u
d
d
i
n
Un
i
v
e
rsity
i
n
2
0
0
3
a
n
d
h
is
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
fro
m
M
u
rd
o
c
h
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
fin
ish
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
t
h
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Ne
w
S
o
u
t
h
Wale
s
in
2
0
2
2
.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
u
h
a
0
8
7
@b
ri
n
.
g
o
.
id
.
Pu
d
ji
Ir
a
sa
r
i
is
a
re
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ce
n
ter
fo
r
En
e
r
g
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
Co
n
s
e
r
v
a
ti
o
n
,
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
A
g
e
n
c
y
(B
RIN
)
,
In
d
o
n
e
s
ia
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
e
r
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tr
ica
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
B
ra
w
ij
a
y
a
U
n
iv
e
rs
i
ty
i
n
1
9
9
4
a
n
d
h
e
r
m
a
st
e
r'
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
fr
o
m
Ol
d
e
n
b
u
r
g
Un
i
v
e
rsi
t
y
i
n
2
0
0
3
.
H
e
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
i
n
ter
e
st
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
e
lec
tr
ica
l
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
(m
o
t
o
rs
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
rs
)
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
b
a
se
d
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
p
a
r
t
ic
u
la
rl
y
w
i
n
d
,
wa
ter
,
a
n
d
o
c
e
a
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
Sh
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
te
d
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
u
d
j
0
0
3
@
b
r
i
n
.
g
o
.
i
d
.
K
e
tu
t
Wirta
y
a
sa
is
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
t
h
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ce
n
ter
f
o
r
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
(BR
IN)
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Ud
a
y
a
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
h
is
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
fro
m
U
d
a
y
a
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
i
n
2
0
1
2
.
He
fin
is
h
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Taiwa
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(NTUST
)
in
2
0
2
2
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
e
tu
0
0
3
@
b
ri
n
.
g
o
.
i
d
.
Pu
ji
Wid
i
y
a
n
t
o
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
b
o
th
i
n
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
first
in
S
TT
M
a
n
d
a
la
a
n
d
late
r
in
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
Ha
v
in
g
f
o
c
u
se
d
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
t
h
e
stru
c
tu
re
,
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
d
e
si
g
n
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
re
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,
h
e
is
n
o
w
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
Ce
n
ter
fo
r
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
,
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
(BRIN).
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
a
p
ro
jec
t
o
n
a
lo
w
-
h
e
a
d
h
y
d
ro
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
u
ji
0
1
0
@b
ri
n
.
g
o
.
id
o
r
p
u
ji
wi
d
i
y
a
n
to
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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