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16
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Dec
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n
s
o
m
e
c
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
a
s
k
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
p
e
e
d
v
a
l
u
e
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
d
b
y
a
g
i
v
e
n
t
a
c
h
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
t
a
c
h
o
g
r
a
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
c
r
iter
ia,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
co
ef
f
icien
t
η
[
7
]
–
[
9
]
,
o
r
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
χ
,
wh
ich
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
with
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
0
]
,
o
r
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
ese
co
ef
f
icien
ts
[
1
1
]
,
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
lly
r
ef
lect
a
ll
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
asp
ec
ts
th
at
d
eter
m
i
n
e
q
u
ality
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
a
r
an
g
e
-
b
ased
c
r
iter
io
n
o
f
d
is
co
u
n
ted
co
s
ts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
,
wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
es
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
s
t
in
d
icato
r
s
r
elate
d
to
in
itial
ca
p
ital
in
v
estme
n
ts
b
u
t
a
ls
o
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
,
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
,
an
d
am
o
r
tizatio
n
ch
ar
g
es.
T
h
is
cr
iter
io
n
,
f
o
r
e
x
am
p
le,
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
es a
n
d
c
r
a
n
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t [
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
-
co
n
t
r
o
ll
e
d
asy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
d
r
i
v
es
,
t
h
is
c
r
i
te
r
i
o
n
is
r
a
n
g
e
-
b
ase
d
[
1
4
]
,
a
n
d
it
r
e
q
u
i
r
es
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
c
o
s
ts
o
f
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
ti
n
g
r
e
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
wer
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
p
h
as
e
s
h
i
f
ts
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
a
n
d
v
o
l
ta
g
es
b
u
t
als
o
t
h
e
c
o
s
ts
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
d
is
t
o
r
ti
o
n
p
o
w
er
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
ese
n
c
e
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
.
S
u
c
h
a
r
a
n
g
e
-
b
ase
d
d
is
c
o
u
n
te
d
c
o
s
ts
c
r
i
te
r
i
o
n
ca
n
b
e
d
et
e
r
m
i
n
ed
b
ase
d
o
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
ta
l
r
ese
a
r
c
h
o
r
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
al
d
at
a
[
1
5
]
,
as
w
ell
as
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
at
h
e
m
at
ic
al
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
FC
AE
D
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
wi
d
el
y
u
s
e
d
m
o
d
eli
n
g
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
is
M
AT
L
AB
[
1
6
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
FC
A
E
D
m
o
d
els
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
co
lle
cti
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
u
tu
al
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
ea
c
h
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
ta
k
e
n
i
n
t
o
a
cc
o
u
n
t.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
s
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
t
h
e
d
is
c
o
u
n
te
d
c
o
s
ts
o
f
tw
o
FC
A
E
Ds
wit
h
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
:
m
at
r
i
x
a
n
d
wi
th
a
DC
lin
k
.
F
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
m
a
th
e
m
at
ica
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
th
es
e
d
r
i
v
es
is
c
ar
r
i
ed
o
u
t
i
n
t
h
e
M
AT
L
AB
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
t
o
o
b
tai
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
ti
cs,
i
.
e
.
,
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
cies
o
f
ce
r
tai
n
i
n
d
ic
at
o
r
s
(
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
,
e
f
f
i
c
ien
c
y
,
s
h
if
t
co
e
f
f
ici
en
ts
,
t
o
ta
l
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
d
is
t
o
r
ti
o
n
(
T
H
D)
,
p
o
we
r
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e
)
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
ta
ti
o
n
al
s
p
e
e
d
i
n
a
g
iv
en
r
a
n
g
e
w
it
h
a
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
lo
a
d
c
h
a
r
a
ct
er
is
tic
.
T
o
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
e
T
H
D,
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
is
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
d
is
c
o
u
n
t
ed
co
s
ts
c
r
it
e
r
i
o
n
a
r
e
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
ed
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
ti
cs.
A
lo
n
g
wit
h
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
t
h
at
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
s
t
h
e
c
o
s
ts
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
ti
n
g
r
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
c
a
u
s
e
d
b
y
p
h
ase
s
h
if
ts
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
m
ai
n
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
a
t
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e,
it
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
ca
l
cu
lat
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
th
at
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
s
t
h
e
co
s
ts
o
f
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
ati
n
g
d
is
to
r
t
io
n
p
o
we
r
c
au
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
ese
n
c
e
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
at
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e,
a
q
u
a
lit
y
cr
ite
r
i
o
n
f
o
r
a
r
e
g
u
la
te
d
e
lec
tr
ic
d
r
i
v
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
,
wh
ic
h
h
as
a
c
o
s
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
t
h
at
t
ak
es
i
n
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
ele
ct
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
ati
b
i
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e
w
it
h
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
.
A
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
in
th
is
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
a
d
r
iv
e
wi
th
a
m
at
r
i
x
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
a
d
r
i
v
e
wit
h
a
DC
li
n
k
p
r
e
d
e
te
r
m
in
es
a
r
e
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
d
is
c
o
u
n
te
d
c
o
s
ts
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
FC
AE
Ds
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
d
is
co
u
n
ted
co
s
ts
.
T
h
ey
also
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
in
f
latio
n
r
ate
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
d
is
co
u
n
te
d
co
s
ts
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
r
iv
e
with
a
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
ter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
d
r
iv
e
with
a
DC
lin
k
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
.
2.
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
CA
L
M
O
D
E
L
S O
F
F
CAED
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
E
D
I
N
M
AT
L
A
B
SI
M
U
L
I
NK
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
FC
AE
D
b
ased
o
n
a
DC
lin
k
co
n
v
er
ter
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
b
asic
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
en
m
ain
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
b
lo
ck
is
an
id
ea
l
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
s
o
u
r
ce
with
a
lin
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
8
0
V
an
d
a
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
5
0
H
z.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
DC
u
s
in
g
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e,
a
n
d
an
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
in
v
er
ter
with
a
PW
M
g
en
er
ato
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
a
m
p
litu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
o
n
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
in
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
is
C
f
=
5
.
7
m
F.
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e
PW
M
is
6
k
Hz.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
eg
u
latio
n
law
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I
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r
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4
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Oscill
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e
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ts
at
th
e
in
p
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o
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th
e
co
n
v
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ter
: 1
)
c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
t
h
e
FC
AE
D
with
a
DC
lin
k
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
v
er
ter
,
2
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u
r
r
en
t o
f
th
e
FC
AE
D
with
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m
atr
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ter
,
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n
d
3
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v
o
ltag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2307
-
2
3
2
0
2312
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
in
to
a
Fo
u
r
ier
s
er
ies:
1
)
a
s
ch
em
e
with
a
DC
lin
k
co
n
v
er
t
er
an
d
2
)
a
s
ch
em
e
with
a
m
atr
ix
co
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v
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ter
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
c
h
an
g
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ig
n
if
ica
n
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en
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s
in
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ix
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ter
.
T
h
e
r
ed
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ctio
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o
f
h
ig
h
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
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n
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lead
s
to
an
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n
cr
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s
e
in
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
am
ily
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
(
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
KF
=
f
/f
n
)
o
f
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
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s
m
o
to
r
4
A2
5
0
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an
d
t
h
e
f
an
-
ty
p
e
lo
ad
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fam
ily
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ic
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
lo
ad
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f th
e
d
is
co
u
n
te
d
co
s
ts
o
f c
o
n
tr
o
lled
a
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
…
(
V
ikto
r
P
etru
s
h
yn
)
2313
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
allo
wed
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
s
(
Fig
u
r
es
7
-
1
1
)
:
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
i
v
es,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
s
,
d
r
iv
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e
f
f
icien
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,
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t,
an
d
T
HD
co
ef
f
icien
ts
.
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h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
alu
es
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
co
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s
u
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
FC
AD
ar
e
lo
wer
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
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ter
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
es
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
n
v
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ter
s
is
alm
o
s
t
id
en
tical
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
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n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e.
I
n
th
e
in
itial
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e,
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
with
th
e
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
with
th
e
DC
lin
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
alo
n
g
,
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
v
alu
es b
ec
o
m
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ab
le.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
en
tire
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e,
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
co
ef
f
ici
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
ac
tically
id
e
n
tical
a
n
d
clo
s
e
to
1
f
o
r
th
e
two
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
ca
s
es
o
f
FC
AE
D.
T
h
e
p
o
we
r
f
a
cto
r
o
f
th
e
FC
AE
D
with
a
DC
lin
k
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
we
r
th
an
th
e
p
o
we
r
f
ac
t
o
r
o
f
th
e
FC
AE
D
with
a
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
er
t
er
at
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
er
te
r
,
at
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e
.
W
ith
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
T
HD
I
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
an
d
th
e
r
e
i
s
a
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
th
eir
v
alu
es f
o
r
th
e
two
FC
AE
D.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
es: 1
)
DC
lin
k
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
ch
em
e
an
d
2
)
m
atr
ix
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
ch
em
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
es:
1)
DC
lin
k
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
ch
em
e
an
d
2
)
m
atr
ix
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
ch
em
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2307
-
2
3
2
0
2314
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
:
1
)
D
C
l
i
n
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
n
d
2
)
m
a
t
r
i
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
c
h
a
r
a
ct
e
r
is
t
ic
s
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
c
o
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
ts
:
1
)
D
C
li
n
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
2
)
m
a
t
r
i
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
ts
,
3
)
DC
l
i
n
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
ch
e
m
e
,
a
n
d
4
)
m
a
t
r
i
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
T
HD
I
f
o
r
d
r
iv
es: 1
)
s
ch
em
e
with
a
DC
lin
k
co
n
v
er
t
er
an
d
2
)
s
ch
em
e
with
a
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f th
e
d
is
co
u
n
te
d
co
s
ts
o
f c
o
n
tr
o
lled
a
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
…
(
V
ikto
r
P
etru
s
h
yn
)
2315
4.
CALCU
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
RANG
E
CR
I
T
E
RION
O
F
D
I
SCO
UN
T
E
D
CO
ST
S
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
2
]
,
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
Q
1
a
n
d
th
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
o
wer
T
f
o
r
a
k
n
o
wn
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
P
1
,
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
e,
ar
e
d
et
er
m
in
ed
:
Q
1
=
P
1
⋅
tg
φ
,
T
=
P
1
⋅
√
t
g
2
χ
−
t
g
2
φ
(
5
)
Valu
es
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
c
r
iter
ia
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
lo
a
d
.
Simp
le
cr
iter
ia,
s
u
ch
as
ef
f
icie
n
cy
a
n
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e,
a
n
d
co
m
p
lex
c
r
iter
ia,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
b
y
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
o
n
s
ev
er
al
s
im
p
le
cr
iter
ia,
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
I
t
is
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
h
at
wh
e
n
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
cr
iter
ia,
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
tim
e
at
ea
ch
r
o
tatio
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t,
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
tim
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
o
p
er
atio
n
,
i.e
.
,
a
t
ac
h
o
g
r
am
,
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
ca
l
cu
latio
n
o
f
r
an
g
e
d
cr
iter
ia
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
d
u
r
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
at
ea
c
h
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
o
i
n
t w
ith
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l r
a
n
g
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
(
6
)
:
η
dt
=
∑
(
η
(
n
i
)
⋅
t
n
i
)
i
∑
t
n
i
i
,
χ
dt
=
∑
(
χ
(
n
i
)
⋅
t
n
i
)
i
∑
t
n
i
i
,
c
os
φ
dt
=
∑
(
co
s
φ
(
n
i
)
⋅
t
n
i
)
i
∑
t
n
i
i
(
6
)
wh
er
e
t
n
i
is
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
at
th
e
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
n
i
,
wh
er
e
i
is
th
e
o
r
d
in
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
tach
o
g
r
am
s
eg
m
en
t.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
co
n
tr
o
l
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
n
1
to
n
2
[
2
3
]
,
a
m
id
-
r
an
g
e
ef
f
icien
cy
cr
iter
io
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
:
η
cd
=
1
n
2
−
n
1
⋅
∫
η
(
n
i
)
dn
n
2
n
1
(
7
)
Mid
-
r
an
g
e
d
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
s
(
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
o
wer
)
,
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
th
e
d
r
iv
e
(
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
)
ca
n
also
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
:
χ
cd
=
1
n
2
−
n
1
⋅
∫
χ
(
n
i
)
dn
n
2
n
1
,
c
os
φ
cd
=
1
n
2
−
n
1
⋅
∫
c
os
φ
(
n
i
)
dn
n
2
n
1
(
8
)
A
co
m
p
lex
cr
iter
io
n
th
at
ta
k
es
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
b
o
th
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
a
n
d
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
s
im
p
le
cr
iter
ia
is
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
d
is
co
u
n
ted
co
s
ts
(
DDC).
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
it,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
d
r
iv
e'
s
co
n
s
u
m
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
,
eith
er
m
id
-
r
an
g
e
o
r
r
an
g
e
-
b
ased
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
Р
1
=
f
(
n
)
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
tach
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
:
P
1
cd
=
1
n
2
−
n
1
⋅
∫
P
1
(
n
i
)
dn
n
2
n
1
,
P
1
dt
=
∑
(
P
1
(
n
i
)
⋅
t
n
i
)
i
∑
t
n
i
i
(
9
)
T
h
en
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
ca
lc
u
latin
g
DDC,
wh
ich
ca
n
also
b
e
av
er
ag
e
-
r
an
g
e
o
r
r
an
g
e
-
b
as
ed
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
tach
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
d
r
i
v
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws:
DC
C
cd
=
1
n
1
−
n
2
⋅
∫
DC
C
(
n
i
)
n
2
n
1
dn
;
DC
C
dt
=
∑
(
D
C
C
(
n
i
)
⋅
t
n
i
)
i
∑
t
n
i
i
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
DC
C
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
an
elec
t
r
ic
d
r
iv
e
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
in
f
latio
n
cr
ite
r
io
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
elativ
ely
lo
n
g
(
5
-
8
y
ea
r
s
)
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
i
o
d
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
elec
tr
ic
d
r
iv
es.
I
f
in
f
latio
n
is
n
o
t
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
,
t
h
en
with
th
e
k
n
o
wn
t
o
tal
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e
C
E
D,
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
v
alu
e
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
(
1
1
)
:
DC
C
=
(
CED
+
C
r
p
c1
+
C
r
p
c2
)
⋅
[
1
+
(
k
d
+
k
s
)
]
+
C
L
(
1
1
)
wh
er
e
C
rpc1
is
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
in
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
u
n
its
(
c.
u
.
)
;
C
rpc2
is
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
u
n
its
(
c.
u
.
)
;
С
L
is
th
e
an
n
u
al
co
s
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es,
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
u
n
its
(
c.
u
.
)
;
k
d
is
th
e
s
h
ar
e
o
f
co
s
ts
f
o
r
d
ep
r
ec
i
atio
n
ch
ar
g
es;
k
s
is
th
e
s
h
ar
e
o
f
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
r
i
v
e.
Fo
r
FC
AE
D,
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
k
d
=0
.
0
6
5
,
k
s
=
0
.
0
6
9
a
r
e
tak
e
n
to
b
e
th
e
s
am
e
as
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
al
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
AM
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2307
-
2
3
2
0
2316
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
C
rpc1
an
d
C
rpc
2
f
o
r
a
k
n
o
wn
co
n
tr
o
l r
an
g
e
ar
e
as
(
1
2
)
:
C
r
p
c
1
=
c
k1
⋅
k
my
⋅
P
1
cd
⋅
[
tg
(
a
r
c
c
os
φ
cd
)
−
tg
φ
0
]
⋅
t
ED
(
1
2
)
wh
er
e
c
k1
is
th
e
co
s
t
f
o
r
1
k
VAr
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
d
ev
ices
in
s
tallatio
n
(
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
it
is
tak
e
n
e
q
u
al
t
o
1
0
c.
u
.
)
;
C
rpc1
is
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
in
s
tallin
g
1
k
VAr
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
d
ev
ices
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
1
0
c.
u
.
)
,
k
my
is
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
f
ac
to
r
o
f
FC
AE
D
in
lo
ad
p
ea
k
s
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
0
.
2
5
)
;
φ
is
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
etwe
en
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
FC
AE
D,
at
wh
ich
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ass
u
m
ed
tg
φ
0
=
0
.
4
8
4
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
C
rpc2
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e
,
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
co
s
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
b
y
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
T
HD
:
C
r
p
c
2
=
c
k2
⋅
k
my
⋅
P
1
cd
⋅
{
√
[
tg
(
a
r
c
c
os
χ
cd
)
]
2
−
[
tg
(
a
r
c
c
os
φ
cd
)
]
2
−
−
tg
[
a
r
c
c
os
(
1
√
1
+
TH
D
ID
2
+
TH
D
UD
2
+
TH
D
ID
2
⋅
TH
D
UD
2
)
]
}
⋅
t
ED
(
1
3
)
W
h
er
e
c
k2
is
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
in
s
tallin
g
1
k
VAr
o
f
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
d
ev
i
ce
s
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
tak
en
as
2
0
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
u
n
its
)
.
I
n
m
ec
h
at
r
o
n
i
c
s
y
s
tem
s
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
an
in
f
i
n
ite
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e,
T
HD
U
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
ze
r
o
an
d
e
x
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
(
1
3
)
.
Stan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
T
HD
ID
.
I
n
th
e
ex
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
s
t o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
p
er
y
ea
r
with
a
k
n
o
wn
tim
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
d
r
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
(
1
4
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
:
C
L
=
c
ae
⋅
P
1
cd
⋅
(
1
+
a
r
−
η
cd
)
⋅
t
ED
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
c
ae
is
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
1
k
W
h
o
f
ac
tiv
e
en
er
g
y
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
tak
en
as
1
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
u
n
it);
а
r
is
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
lo
s
s
es
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
tak
en
as
0
.
0
4
)
;
t
ED
is
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
d
r
iv
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
y
e
ar
(
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
tak
en
as
2
0
0
0
h
o
u
r
s
)
.
W
h
en
th
e
tim
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
m
o
to
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
v
a
lu
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
v
alu
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
C
rpc1
,
C
rpc2
,
an
d
С
L
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
: ƞ
dt
,
χ
dt
,
co
s
φ
dt
, P
1dt
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
iv
en
c
o
s
t
o
f
FC
AE
D
ca
n
also
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
g
en
er
al
f
o
r
m
as
(
1
5
)
:
DC
C
=
K
+
∑
Y
i
i
=
1
…
T
n
(
1
5
)
wh
er
e
K
=
c
e
p
+
C
r
p
c1
+
C
r
p
c2
ar
e
th
e
in
itial
ca
p
it
al
in
v
estme
n
ts
,
a
n
d
Y
i
=
(
k
d
+
k
s
)
⋅
(
c
e
p
+
C
r
p
c1
+
+
C
r
p
c2
)
+
C
L
ar
e
th
e
an
n
u
al
ex
p
en
s
es.
I
f
in
f
latio
n
is
n
o
t ta
k
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
an
n
u
al
e
x
p
en
s
es is
co
n
s
tan
t Y
i
=
co
n
s
t
,
an
d
eq
u
al
to
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
v
alu
e,
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
iv
en
co
s
ts
to
ac
co
u
n
t f
o
r
an
n
u
al
in
f
latio
n
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
:
DC
C
=
K
+
Y
i
⋅
1
+
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
1
)
+
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
1
)
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
2
)
+
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
1
)
⋅
…
⋅
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
(
T
n
−
1
)
)
T
n
(
1
6
)
wh
er
e
d
INF1
,
d
INF2
,
an
d
d
INF3
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
in
f
latio
n
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
with
in
t
h
e
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
Т
n
.
I
f
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
ak
e
o
f
s
im
p
licity
,
an
av
er
ag
e
an
n
u
al
in
f
latio
n
r
ate
d
INF1
,
is
s
et
f
o
r
th
e
p
ay
b
a
ck
p
e
r
io
d
,
th
en
th
e
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
is
ca
lcu
lated
as
(
1
7
)
:
k
INF
=
∑
(
1
+
d
I
N
F
100%
)
m
T
n
−
1
m
=
0
T
n
(
1
7
)
wh
er
e
d
INF
is
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
an
n
u
al
in
f
latio
n
r
ate
(
i
n
%).
T
wo
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
n
o
n
e
m
o
d
e,
th
e
d
r
iv
e
o
p
er
ates
in
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
r
an
g
e
o
f
148
-
1
4
7
9
r
p
m
,
a
n
d
f
o
r
th
is
r
a
n
g
e,
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
an
d
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
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