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d
ev
ic
e
will
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
tr
ain
at
th
e
PC
C
p
o
in
t.
I
ts
task
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
q
u
ick
ly
b
y
th
e
r
ailway
tr
ain
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
d
e
v
i
c
e
i
s
t
h
a
t
i
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
s
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
t
o
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s
f
o
r
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
m
o
b
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
i
s
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
o
f
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
,
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
h
a
v
e
m
a
d
e
i
t
a
n
i
d
e
a
l
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
r
a
i
l
w
a
y
t
r
a
i
n
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
,
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
i
d
e
l
y
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
f
i
e
l
d
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
s
t
o
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
m
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
w
a
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
[
1
7
]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
i
n
[
1
5
]
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
c
a
n
w
e
l
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
f
r
o
m
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
s
.
T
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
m
o
t
o
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
h
o
r
t
a
g
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
a
t
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
n
o
d
e
w
a
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
[
1
8
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ailway
s
ar
e
an
u
r
g
e
n
t
is
s
u
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ici
en
cy
o
f
elec
tr
ic
tr
ain
s
an
d
s
av
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
.
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
tr
ain
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
ac
tin
g
q
u
ick
ly
in
all
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ailway
tr
ain
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es.
T
o
d
o
th
at,
th
is
p
ap
er
will
d
esig
n
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
m
p
en
s
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
a
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
c
o
m
m
o
n
c
o
u
p
lin
g
(
PC
C
)
p
o
in
t
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
p
o
wer
to
th
e
t
r
ain
.
Ma
n
y
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
ac
t
o
n
th
e
th
r
e
e
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
f
o
r
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
wer
a
n
d
s
tab
ilize
th
e
ter
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
th
e
t
r
a
in
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
:
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
,
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
icti
v
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
MPC
)
,
an
d
lin
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
(
PI)
.
SMC
an
d
MPC
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
b
etter
co
n
tr
o
l
q
u
ality
.
Sti
ll,
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
is
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
v
er
y
co
m
p
licated
to
im
p
lem
en
t
o
n
la
r
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ailway
s
y
s
tem
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
o
f
m
a
n
y
in
p
u
t
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
m
a
k
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
lex
an
d
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e,
an
d
p
u
ttin
g
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
n
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
y
s
tem
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
a
s
im
p
le
d
esig
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
f
ew
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
u
ts
,
b
u
t
s
till
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
to
m
ee
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
o
als,
wh
ich
is
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ailway
s
y
s
tem
s
with
lar
g
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
o
f
u
p
to
th
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
o
f
k
ilo
m
eter
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
o
o
p
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
P
I
l
i
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
,
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
o
u
t
e
r
l
o
o
p
a
d
j
u
s
t
s
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
a
n
d
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
AC
)
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
b
r
i
d
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
b
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
n
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
o
o
p
w
i
l
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
h
o
r
t
a
g
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
w
h
i
l
e
s
t
i
l
l
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
,
P
I
i
s
a
l
i
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
m
a
n
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
[
1
9
]
.
P
I
c
a
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
,
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
w
e
l
l
,
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
y
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
b
l
y
[
2
0
]
.
E
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
w
h
e
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
,
P
I
t
a
k
e
s
u
p
f
e
w
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
h
a
s
a
s
m
a
l
l
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
v
o
l
u
m
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
i
s
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
;
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
c
a
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
s
t
a
b
l
y
f
o
r
a
l
o
n
g
t
i
m
e
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
ca
lcu
l
ated
an
d
d
esig
n
e
d
s
o
th
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
with
in
th
e
allo
wa
b
le
r
an
g
es
wh
en
th
e
g
r
i
d
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
tem
f
lu
ctu
ates
d
u
e
to
o
b
jectiv
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
o
r
wh
en
th
e
lo
ad
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
ch
a
n
g
es u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
h
as sh
o
wn
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
wh
e
n
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
lo
a
d
o
f
th
e
tr
ai
n
,
wh
ich
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
b
ef
o
r
e
in
Vietn
am
o
r
in
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
Vietn
am
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
s
im
u
lated
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d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
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s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
s
o
f
twar
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h
e
r
esu
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
STAT
C
OM
s
y
s
tem
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v
o
ltag
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s
tab
ilit
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wh
en
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
p
o
wer
to
tr
ain
s
o
p
er
atin
g
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
e
s
,
with
a
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
n
o
m
o
r
e
th
an
5
%
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
r
ated
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
wer
was
co
n
tr
o
lled
clo
s
ely
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es
with
a
m
in
im
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e.
T
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
l
l
o
w
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d
t
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y
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t
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o
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a
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il
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z
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t
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e
a
c
t
i
v
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p
o
w
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r
b
a
l
a
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c
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a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
a
b
i
li
t
y
a
t
th
e
P
C
C
p
o
i
n
t
.
T
h
is
i
s
t
h
e
b
as
is
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
r
a
i
lw
a
y
t
r
a
i
n
s
i
n
Vi
e
t
n
am
a
n
d
w
o
r
l
d
w
i
d
e
.
2.
O
P
E
RAT
I
NG
P
RINC
I
P
L
E
O
F
ST
AT
CO
M
F
O
R
H
I
G
H
-
SPEE
D
R
AI
L
WAY
T
RA
I
N
S
T
h
e
STAT
C
OM
d
ev
ice
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
a
r
allel
with
th
e
tr
ain
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
PC
C
p
o
in
t,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
is
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
ca
s
e
th
e
tr
ain
lo
s
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
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v
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tab
ilit
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p
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ig
h
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e
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ate
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icie
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ly
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e
m
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v
em
en
t
o
f
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ig
h
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s
p
ee
d
tr
ain
s
.
T
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
u
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
tr
a
in
s
: r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
h
o
r
tag
e
a
n
d
tr
ain
s
p
ee
d
(
lo
ad
ch
an
g
es)
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
m
o
b
ilized
f
o
r
th
e
t
r
ain
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
alan
ce
d
with
t
h
e
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
we
r
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
tr
ain
,
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
tr
ain
'
s
g
o
o
d
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
g
r
id
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
STAT
C
OM
,
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
o
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g
h
p
o
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o
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th
e
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s
u
r
e
th
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r
eq
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ir
em
en
t.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
t
o
f
STAT
C
OM
i
s
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
h
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
is
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
STAT
C
OM
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
g
r
id
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
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is
th
e
alte
r
n
ativ
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
STAT
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OM
co
n
n
ec
ted
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a
th
r
ee
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p
h
ase
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r
id
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d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c
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is
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
d
iag
r
am
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
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.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
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ep
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q
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2369
-
2
3
8
0
2372
T
h
e
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
ac
tiv
e
po
wer
P
an
d
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
wer
Q
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
tr
ain
.
=
=
(
1
)
=
=
−
2
(
2
)
I
n
wh
ich
:
V
G
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
p
o
in
t,
V
ST
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
STAT
C
OM
,
δ
is
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
etwe
en
V
G
an
d
V
ST
,
φ
is
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
etwe
en
I
G
an
d
V
G
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
o
p
e
r
a
te
s
s
ta
b
l
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
is
f
i
x
e
d
,
t
h
e
r
el
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
e
a
ct
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
i
n
(
3
)
.
=
√
(
)
2
−
2
−
2
(
3
)
Fro
m
(
3
)
,
we
s
ee
th
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
tr
ain
is
wr
itten
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
(
4
)
.
=
2
(
4
)
I
n
r
ea
lity
,
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
tr
ain
s
o
p
er
ate
in
m
an
y
m
o
d
es,
s
u
ch
a
s
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
,
d
ec
eler
atin
g
,
h
o
ld
in
g
,
an
d
ev
en
s
to
p
p
in
g
t
o
p
ick
u
p
an
d
d
r
o
p
o
f
f
p
ass
en
g
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
is
d
if
f
er
en
t.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
m
o
d
es.
I
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
'
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
d
o
es n
o
t m
ee
t th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es o
f
th
e
tr
ai
n
,
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
will d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
ca
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
V
G
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
p
o
in
t
also
to
r
ed
u
ce
.
At
th
is
tim
e,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
will
b
e
m
o
b
ilized
f
r
o
m
th
e
ST
AT
C
OM
d
ev
ice
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
b
alan
ce
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ain
.
T
h
is
is
t
o
av
o
id
p
o
wer
s
h
o
r
tag
e
in
cid
en
ts
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
.
Fro
m
h
e
r
e,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
tr
ain
will h
av
e
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
to
t
h
e
r
ated
v
al
u
e.
I
n
p
er
m
an
en
t
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
V
ST
v
o
ltag
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
D
-
ST
AT
C
OM
m
atch
es
th
e
V
G
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
I
n
STAT
C
OM
m
o
d
e
wit
h
o
n
ly
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
,
P
ST
=
0
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
(
1
)
,
th
e
an
g
le
δ
=
0
ac
h
iev
es th
is
.
T
h
e
(
2
)
s
h
o
ws th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
STAT
C
OM
to
s
u
p
p
ly
t
h
e
tr
ain
(
5
)
.
=
−
2
=
(
−
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
(
5
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
v
o
l
tag
e
s
u
p
p
lied
to
it.
W
h
en
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
tr
ain
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
will
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
v
a
lu
e.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t a
b
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
t
h
e
STAT
C
OM
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
is
s
h
o
wn
as (
6
)
[
2
4
]
.
=
̇
−
̇
(
6
)
Her
e,
V
G
an
d
V
ST
alwa
y
s
o
p
e
r
ate
in
p
h
ase
an
d
at
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
with
o
u
t
b
ein
g
af
f
e
cted
b
y
th
e
p
o
we
r
lo
s
s
es
ca
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
Q
ST
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
o
r
em
itted
b
y
th
e
STAT
C
OM
d
ev
ice
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
7
)
.
=
(
̇
(
̇
−
̇
)
−
)
=
(
−
)
(
7
)
Fro
m
(
7
)
,
we
s
ee
th
at
w
h
en
t
h
e
p
h
ases
ar
e
t
h
e
s
am
e,
th
e
V
ST
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
h
ase
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
STAT
C
OM
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
if
th
e
v
o
l
tag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
STAT
C
OM
,
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
to
th
e
STAT
C
OM
w
ill
b
e
9
0
o
b
eh
in
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
.
T
h
e
STAT
C
OM
will
o
p
er
ate
in
in
d
u
ctiv
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
ab
s
o
r
b
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
tr
ain
[
2
5
]
.
I
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
is
less
th
an
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
STAT
C
OM
,
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
th
e
STAT
C
OM
w
ill
b
e
9
0
o
ah
ea
d
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
P
C
C
.
T
h
e
STAT
C
OM
w
ill
o
p
er
ate
in
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
to
th
e
tr
ain
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
s
h
o
ws
STAT
C
OM
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
STAT
C
OM
g
en
er
atin
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
.
W
h
en
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
s
o
r
r
is
es
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
alu
e,
th
e
STAT
C
OM
i
s
lim
ited
b
y
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
t
r
ain
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
will
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
v
alv
es
to
m
ain
tain
a
s
tab
le
s
tate
with
n
o
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
r
s
u
r
p
lu
s
o
f
r
ea
c
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
em
ain
s
u
n
ch
a
n
g
e
d
,
an
d
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
an
d
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
V
ST
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f a
s
ta
tic
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
mp
en
s
a
to
r
fo
r
th
e
n
o
r
th
-
s
o
u
th
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
…
(
A
n
Th
i H
o
a
i Th
u
A
n
h
)
2373
V
G
V
ST
I
X
P
C
C
G
r
i
d
L
oa
d
R
a
i
l
C
a
pa
c
i
t
i
ve
:
V
ST
>
V
G
V
G
V
ST
I
X
P
C
C
G
r
i
d
L
oa
d
R
a
i
l
I
nd
uc
t
i
ve
:
V
ST
<
V
G
(
a
)
(
b
)
V
G
V
ST
j
X
I
I
0
V
G
V
ST
j
X
I
I
0
δ
δ
I
I
V
V
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Diag
r
a
m
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
ci
p
le
o
f
STAT
C
OM
:
(
a)
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
an
d
(
b
)
em
itti
n
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
3.
M
O
DE
L
I
NG
AN
D
CO
NT
RO
L
ST
RAT
E
G
Y
O
F
ST
AT
CO
M
B
AS
E
D
O
N
T
H
RE
E
-
P
H
AS
E
B
RIDG
E
I
NV
E
R
T
E
R
3
.
1
.
M
a
t
hema
t
ica
l
m
o
del o
f
ST
A
T
CO
M
ba
s
ed
o
n a
t
hree
-
ph
a
s
e
bridg
e
inv
er
t
er
T
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
STAT
C
OM
,
b
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
e
r
ter
co
n
tr
o
l,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
wh
ich
:
i
a
,
i
b
,
i
c
a
r
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
STAT
C
OM
;
V
S
T_a
,
V
ST_b
,
V
ST_c
ar
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
;
V
G_a
,
V
G_b
,
V
G_c
ar
e
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
PC
C
;
V
dc
is
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
STAT
C
OM
;
i
dc
is
th
e
DC
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
STAT
C
OM
;
L
is
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
;
R
is
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
.
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
V
dc
P
C
C
i
dc
i
a
i
b
i
c
R
X
V
ST
_
a
V
ST
_
b
V
ST
_
c
V
G
_
a
V
G
_
b
V
G
_
c
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
STAT
C
OM
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
ased
o
n
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
F
r
o
m
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
,
w
e
c
a
n
w
r
i
t
e
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
D
C
a
n
d
A
C
s
i
d
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
f
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
a
s
(
8
)
.
=
[
−
−
−
]
[
]
(
8
)
W
h
er
e:
D
k
ar
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
k
= a
,
b
,
c
.
=
1
3
(
−
)
,
=
1
3
(
−
)
,
=
1
3
(
−
)
an
d
[
_
−
_
_
−
_
_
−
_
]
=
[
−
−
−
]
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2369
-
2
3
8
0
2374
{
+
=
_
−
_
+
=
_
−
_
+
=
_
−
_
=
1
3
[
−
]
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
th
e
STAT
C
OM
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
as in
(
1
0
)
.
T
h
e
(
9
)
an
d
(
1
0
)
c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as (
1
1
)
an
d
(
1
2
)
.
{
=
1
3
[
(
_
−
_
)
−
(
_
−
_
)
]
−
=
1
3
[
(
_
−
_
)
−
(
_
−
_
)
]
−
=
1
3
[
(
_
−
_
)
−
(
_
−
_
)
]
−
=
1
3
[
(
_
−
_
)
−
(
_
−
_
)
]
−
(
1
1
)
[
]
=
1
3
[
_
−
_
_
−
_
_
−
_
]
−
1
3
[
_
−
_
_
−
_
_
−
_
]
−
[
]
(
1
2
)
Ap
p
ly
in
g
e
q
u
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
(
9
)
t
o
(
1
2
)
will g
iv
e
(
1
3
)
a
n
d
(
1
4
)
.
[
]
=
1
3
[
_
−
_
_
−
_
_
−
_
]
−
1
3
[
−
−
−
]
−
[
]
(
1
3
)
=
=
[
−
−
−
]
[
]
(
1
4
)
[
0
]
=
2
3
[
(
)
(
−
2
3
)
(
+
2
3
)
−
(
)
−
(
−
2
3
)
−
(
+
2
3
)
1
2
1
2
1
2
]
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
(
1
4
)
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
to
two
-
p
h
ase
in
a
r
o
tatin
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e.
Fo
r
th
e
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
o
f
co
n
t
r
o
l w
ith
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
e
Par
k
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
abc
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
ate
s
y
s
tem
o
f
(
1
4
)
to
th
e
dq
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
s
y
s
tem
.
Fro
m
p
o
wer
s
y
s
t
em
th
eo
r
y
,
we
will
g
et
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
r
elativ
e
to
a
r
o
tatin
g
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e
with
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ω
in
th
e
dq
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
tem
as
in
(
1
5
)
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
i
d
i
s
th
e
ac
tiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
an
d
i
q
is
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
n
will g
et
(
1
6
)
.
[
]
=
1
3
[
−
−
−
]
=
1
3
(
[
]
−
[
]
)
=
1
√
3
[
−
(
−
1
3
)
(
−
1
3
)
1
(
)
−
(
)
1
−
(
+
1
3
)
(
+
1
3
)
1
]
−
1
[
0
]
(
1
6
)
Set
−
1
=
1
√
3
[
−
(
−
1
3
)
(
−
1
3
)
1
(
)
−
(
)
1
−
(
+
1
3
)
(
+
1
3
)
1
]
T
h
en
we
h
a
v
e:
[
]
=
[
]
;
[
_
_
]
=
[
_
_
_
]
;
[
]
=
[
]
(
1
7
)
Fro
m
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
(
1
7
)
to
th
e
le
f
t sid
e
o
f
(
1
6
)
,
we
g
et
(
1
8
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f a
s
ta
tic
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
mp
en
s
a
to
r
fo
r
th
e
n
o
r
th
-
s
o
u
th
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
…
(
A
n
Th
i H
o
a
i Th
u
A
n
h
)
2375
[
]
=
(
−
1
[
]
)
=
−
1
[
]
+
−
1
[
]
(
1
8
)
Similar
to
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
(
1
9
)
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
.
−
1
[
]
+
−
1
[
]
=
1
3
−
1
[
_
_
]
−
1
3
−
1
[
]
.
−
−
1
[
]
(
1
9
)
Fro
m
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
le
o
f
elec
tr
ical
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y
s
tem
s
,
it c
an
b
e
in
f
er
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e
d
as (
2
0
)
.
_
=
;
_
=
0
;
−
1
[
0
−
0
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(
2
0
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Mu
ltip
ly
T
b
y
b
o
th
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id
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f
(
1
9
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an
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ap
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ly
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to
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et
(
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1
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.
[
]
=
[
−
−
3
−
−
3
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[
]
+
[
1
3
0
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(
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1
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R
ea
r
r
an
g
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g
(
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d
(
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will
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et
th
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elatio
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s
h
ip
b
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en
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
in
th
e
dq
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o
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d
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n
ate
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y
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tem
as (
2
2
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.
{
=
−
+
−
3
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1
3
=
−
−
−
3
=
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2
+
3
2
(
2
2
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[
]
=
[
−
−
3
−
−
−
3
2
3
2
3
0
]
[
]
+
[
1
3
0
0
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(
2
3
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T
h
e
(
2
2
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s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
c
o
ef
f
i
cien
t
D
k
is
f
lex
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le
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
as
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
v
ar
iab
le
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
i
d
, i
q
,
an
d
V
dc
.
3
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l mo
del f
o
r
ST
AT
CO
M
re
a
ct
iv
e
po
wer
co
m
pens
a
t
io
n f
o
r
hig
h
-
s
peed
t
ra
ins
T
h
e
STAT
C
OM
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
is
an
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
f
ed
in
to
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
i
n
t
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
im
b
alan
ce
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
tr
ai
n
'
s
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
two
l
o
o
p
s
to
r
ea
lize
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ai
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
AC
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
co
n
v
e
r
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
q
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
tem
in
to
DC
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
th
e
c
ase
o
f
ig
n
o
r
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
3
-
p
h
ase
AC
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
will
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
to
d
q
co
o
r
d
in
ates
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
h
ase
-
lo
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ed
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o
p
in
th
e
PLL
b
lo
c
k
,
an
d
t
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
STAT
C
OM
is
also
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
A
f
ter
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
b
c
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
tem
to
t
h
e
dq
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
b
c/d
c
b
l
o
ck
,
t
h
ese
q
u
an
titi
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will
b
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
th
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r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
alu
es,
a
n
d
s
tatic
er
r
o
r
s
will
b
e
elim
in
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lin
ea
r
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
two
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
is
e
x
p
licitly
d
escr
ib
ed
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
DC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
:
T
h
e
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
V
dc
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
STAT
C
OM
,
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
DC
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
V
dc_ref
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
ac
tu
al
v
alu
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an
d
th
e
r
e
f
er
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ce
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
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v
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ltag
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is
f
ed
in
to
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
ca
n
ce
l
an
d
cr
ea
te
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
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u
e
i
d_ref
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is
cu
r
r
en
t
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u
s
ed
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co
m
p
ar
e
with
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e
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
S
T_d
,
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
er
r
o
r
v
alu
e
a
n
d
b
e
ca
n
ce
led
b
y
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
cr
ea
te
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
i
d_ref
,
th
e
i
d_ref
cu
r
r
en
t
is
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
p
h
ase
with
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w.
−
AC
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
lato
r
:
Af
ter
d
eter
m
in
in
g
V
G_d
a
n
d
V
G_q
in
th
e
dq
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
lcu
lates
th
eir
am
p
litu
d
es
an
d
co
m
p
a
r
e
s
th
em
with
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
V
ref
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
d
ev
iatio
n
v
alu
e,
wh
ich
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
elim
in
ates.
T
h
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
cr
ea
tes
th
e
r
ef
er
en
c
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
q_ref
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
20
25
:
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co
n
tr
o
l th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
i
q_ref
cu
r
r
en
t is th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t p
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
e,
r
eg
u
latin
g
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w.
Af
ter
h
av
in
g
th
e
s
et
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
i
d_ref
a
n
d
i
q_ref
,
th
ey
will
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
cu
r
r
en
t
i
ST
-
d
an
d
i
ST
-
q
; th
e
er
r
o
r
v
alu
es o
f
th
is
co
m
p
ar
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o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will b
e
elim
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ated
b
y
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
th
e
in
n
e
r
lo
o
p
an
d
cr
e
ate
co
n
tr
o
l v
o
ltag
es
v
d
an
d
v
q
.
B
y
c
o
n
v
er
tin
g
f
r
o
m
d
q
co
o
r
d
in
ates
to
ab
c
co
o
r
d
in
ates
in
b
l
o
ck
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q
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c
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g
et
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
v
o
ltag
es
v
a
,
v
b
,
v
c
.
T
h
ese
s
ig
n
als
will
b
e
f
ed
in
to
th
e
PW
M
s
tag
e
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
I
GB
T
v
alv
e
s
witch
in
g
p
u
ls
e
o
f
th
e
STAT
C
OM
to
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
d
esire
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
t
r
ain
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ile
b
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ab
le
to
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
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wer
t
o
s
tab
ilize
th
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v
o
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e
o
n
th
e
DC
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id
e.
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1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
V
dc
P
C
C
i
dc
i
a
i
b
i
c
R
X
P
L
L
a
bc
dq
a
bc
dq
P
W
M
a
bc
dq
PI
PI
PI
_
V
ol
t
a
ge
l
i
m
i
t
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r
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A
m
pl
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ude
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t
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abc
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abc
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
STAT
C
OM
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
d
iag
r
am
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
A
ND
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V
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N
O
F
R
E
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
im
u
lated
with
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
s
1
an
d
2
.
T
a
b
le
1
s
h
o
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th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
t
r
ain
,
a
n
d
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
STAT
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d
ev
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Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
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en
ce
an
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b
ac
k
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cu
r
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h
e
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