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T
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23
,
No
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6
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Dec
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20
25
:
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6
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in
g
b
o
th
th
e
v
ec
to
r
an
d
s
ca
lar
p
o
ten
tials
.
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r
h
is
m
o
d
el,
R
u
s
c
k
co
n
ce
p
t
u
alize
d
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
li
n
e
as
a
s
i
n
g
le,
lo
s
s
les
s
,
i
n
f
in
ite
l
y
lo
n
g
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
o
v
er
a
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
co
n
d
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cti
n
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
s
i
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
,
h
e
ca
lc
u
l
ated
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
v
o
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at
th
e
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o
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t
o
n
th
e
lin
e
clo
s
est to
th
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li
g
h
tn
in
g
s
tr
i
k
e,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
ca
lar
p
o
ten
tial a
s
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
v
ar
i
ab
le.
ℎ
(
1
+
(
1
√
2
1
√
1
−
1
2
(
)
2
)
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e:
−
0
=
30
Ω
−
=
s
p
ee
d
o
f
lig
h
t
−
=
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
t
h
e
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etu
r
n
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o
k
e
−
ℎ
=
av
er
ag
e
h
ei
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t b
et
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t
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r
o
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a
n
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th
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cto
r
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=
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is
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ce
b
et
w
ee
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l
in
e
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d
th
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li
g
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p
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k
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
th
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et
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t
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k
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T
h
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s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
lig
h
tn
in
g
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
li
n
es
i
s
ess
e
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tial
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en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
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d
s
a
f
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o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
allo
w
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
to
d
esig
n
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ize
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ar
ea
s
p
r
o
n
e
to
lig
h
tn
in
g
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
h
as
ta
k
e
n
p
lac
e
s
in
ce
1
9
5
8
,
w
h
en
R
u
s
ck
p
r
esen
ted
h
i
s
m
o
d
el
to
ca
lcu
late
in
d
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e,
th
i
s
ar
ticle
s
ee
k
s
to
an
s
w
er
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
W
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
lig
h
tn
in
g
o
n
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
lin
e
s
?
W
h
at
tr
en
d
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
?
T
o
an
s
w
er
th
ese
q
u
est
io
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
b
ib
lio
m
e
tr
ic
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
j
u
s
ti
f
ied
b
y
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
o
lid
ate
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elev
an
t
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
to
a
s
in
g
le
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
id
en
ti
f
y
n
e
w
r
esear
c
h
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
w
i
ll
e
n
ab
le
r
esear
c
h
er
s
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
li
n
e
d
esi
g
n
er
s
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
d
id
en
tify
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
is
ar
ti
cle
ai
m
s
to
an
al
y
ze
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
tr
en
d
s
,
i
d
en
tify
t
h
e
m
o
s
t r
elev
a
n
t a
u
t
h
o
r
s
,
an
d
ex
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
ac
tf
u
l a
r
ticles.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
r
ese
ar
ch
tr
en
d
s
,
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
it
y
,
an
d
estab
lis
h
m
etr
ics
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
VOS
v
ie
w
er
(
v
er
s
io
n
1
.
6
.
1
9
)
[
1
6
]
an
d
th
e
B
ib
lio
m
et
r
ix
lib
r
ar
y
(
v
er
s
io
n
5
.
1
.
0
)
in
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
es
e
to
o
ls
e
m
p
lo
y
r
o
b
u
s
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
to
cr
ea
te
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
clu
s
ter
s
,
w
h
ic
h
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
ese
n
tati
o
n
s
ar
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate.
T
h
e
S
co
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
w
as
co
n
s
u
lted
in
2
0
2
5
.
T
h
e
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
t
w
o
m
ai
n
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia:
i)
n
o
n
-
ar
ticle
r
ec
o
r
d
s
w
er
e
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
an
d
ii)
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
w
r
it
ten
i
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
es
o
th
e
r
th
an
E
n
g
l
is
h
w
er
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
a
s
ess
e
n
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
f
i
n
al
d
ataset
o
f
5
4
5
r
ec
o
r
d
s
w
a
s
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
an
d
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
Giv
e
n
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
en
tire
te
m
p
o
r
al
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
,
n
o
te
m
p
o
r
al
r
est
r
ictio
n
w
a
s
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
eq
u
atio
n
u
s
ed
w
as
:
l
ig
h
t
n
in
g
A
ND
“d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
li
n
es”.
A
to
tal
o
f
5
4
5
r
ec
o
r
d
s
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
,
m
ad
e
b
y
9
7
9
au
th
o
r
s
,
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
1
1
5
j
o
u
r
n
als,
i
n
a
ti
m
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
f
r
o
m
1
9
3
2
to
2
0
2
4
.
Fin
all
y
,
th
e
1
0
m
o
s
t
cited
ar
ticles
in
t
h
e
en
tire
ti
m
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
w
er
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
,
an
d
t
h
en
t
h
e
1
0
m
o
s
t
cited
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
y
ea
r
s
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
4
t
o
id
en
tify
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
t tr
en
d
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
P
ub
lica
t
io
ns
by
y
ea
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
te
m
p
o
r
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
r
ate
h
as
b
e
en
3
.
6
5
%,
a
v
al
u
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
e
x
clu
d
i
n
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
4
.
P
u
b
licatio
n
s
b
eg
an
i
n
1
9
3
2
w
it
h
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
g
ap
u
n
til
1
9
5
3
,
w
h
e
n
t
wo
ar
ticles
w
er
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
e
y
ea
r
s
1
9
6
7
,
1
9
6
8
,
an
d
1
9
7
0
m
ar
k
ed
t
h
e
ea
r
lies
t
p
er
io
d
o
f
n
o
tab
le
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
,
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
.
Sin
ce
1
9
7
9
,
a
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
tr
en
d
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
,
co
n
tin
u
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
d
a
y
,
w
it
h
n
o
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
h
av
i
n
g
ze
r
o
ar
ti
cle
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u
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T
em
p
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al
ev
o
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tio
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p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
p
a
p
e
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n
t
h
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s
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o
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p
u
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l
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e
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d
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o
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in
1
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,
w
as
b
y
H
a
r
d
in
g
an
d
S
p
r
a
g
u
e
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
i
t
,
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
a
n
a
ly
z
ed
v
a
r
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o
u
s
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o
s
s
i
b
l
e
c
o
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n
e
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ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
r
an
s
f
o
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m
e
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
ti
o
n
d
e
v
i
c
es
in
4
,
0
0
0
V
a
n
d
1
1
5
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3
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o
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h
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a
d
p
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i
s
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r
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tem
s
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o
d
o
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e
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p
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s
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r
ec
en
t
p
u
b
licatio
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[
1
9
]
p
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f
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t
p
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1
9
3
2
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2
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n
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9
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,
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ase
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Dis
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T
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c
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tac
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t
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:
lf
d
iaz
c
@u
n
a
l.
e
d
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.
c
o
.
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