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clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
in
im
ag
es
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
f
o
r
id
en
tific
atio
n
a
n
d
/o
r
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
.
Fo
r
wh
ich
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
Py
th
o
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
a
n
d
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
u
s
e
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
c)
an
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
u
s
iv
ity
(
m
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
b
est
f
it
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
cu
t
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
v
alid
ated
with
im
ag
es o
f
clea
n
er
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tate
o
f
th
e
a
r
t
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
,
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
an
d
f
in
ally
th
e
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
r
ea
ch
ed
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
i
n
Py
th
o
n
,
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
im
ag
e
s
eg
m
en
t
atio
n
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
class
if
ies
ea
ch
p
i
x
el
o
f
t
h
e
im
ag
e
in
to
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
clu
s
ter
s
,
ass
ig
n
in
g
a
f
u
zz
y
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
(
m
)
to
ea
ch
cl
u
s
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
b
ased
o
n
iter
ativ
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
an
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
n
d
p
ar
am
eter
u
p
d
atin
g
,
wh
ic
h
y
i
eld
s
a
f
lex
ib
le
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
t
h
at
is
th
en
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
ass
ig
n
in
g
ea
ch
p
ix
el
to
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
co
l
o
r
im
ag
e
is
tr
ea
ted
as
a
s
et
o
f
p
ix
els,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
p
ix
el
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
r
ee
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
b
l
u
e
(
R
GB
)
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
is
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
allo
ws
th
e
im
ag
e
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
to
a
d
ata
m
atr
ix
wh
er
e
ea
ch
r
o
w
is
a
p
ix
el,
an
d
th
e
co
lu
m
n
s
ar
e
th
e
co
lo
r
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
m
at
r
ix
U
o
f
s
ize
c×
N
is
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
in
itialized
wh
er
e
N
is
th
e
t
o
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els,
ea
ch
elem
e
n
t
μ
_
ik
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
p
ix
el
x
_
k
to
c
lu
s
ter
i
an
d
is
n
o
r
m
alize
d
s
o
th
at
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
i
x
el
is
1
s
in
ce
th
is
way
ea
ch
s
et
o
f
v
alu
es
ca
n
b
e
i
n
ter
p
r
eted
as
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ee
k
s
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
(
1
)
.
W
h
er
e
Q
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
c
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
o
r
f
u
zz
y
g
r
o
u
p
s
wh
o
s
e
v
alu
e
is
to
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
N
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els
in
th
e
im
ag
e,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
iab
le,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
v
alu
e
o
f
p
ix
el
,
is
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
o
f
p
ix
el
to
clu
s
ter
i,
m
is
th
e
d
if
f
u
s
iv
ity
p
ar
am
eter
a
n
d
f
i
n
ally
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
o
f
clu
s
ter
i.
Q
=
∑
∑
=
1
c
i
=
1
|
|
x
k
−
v
i
|
|
2
(
1
)
T
h
e
iter
ativ
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
p
d
ates
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
(
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
o
f
ea
c
h
clu
s
ter
an
d
d
e
g
r
e
e
o
f
p
ix
el
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
th
e
clu
s
ter
)
in
two
m
ain
s
tep
s
th
at
alter
n
ate
u
n
til
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
ea
ch
ce
n
tr
o
id
(
2
)
,
wh
ich
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
as
th
e
weig
h
ted
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
all
p
ix
els,
wh
er
e
th
e
weig
h
ts
ar
e
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
s
r
aised
to
th
e
m
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
is
th
e
u
p
d
ate
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
m
at
r
ix
,
wh
er
e
o
n
ce
th
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
lc
u
lated
,
th
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
ea
ch
p
i
x
e
l to
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
is
r
ec
alcu
late
d
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
.
=
∑
μ
=
1
∑
μ
=
1
(
2
)
=
1
∑
(
|
|
−
|
|
|
|
−
|
|
)
2
−
1
=
1
(
3
)
T
h
is
ad
ju
s
ts
th
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
ea
ch
p
ix
el
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
its
r
elativ
e
d
is
tan
ce
to
all
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
.
I
t
ass
ig
n
s
a
h
i
g
h
er
v
alu
e
to
th
e
clu
s
ter
wh
o
s
e
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
is
cl
o
s
est.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
s
an
d
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
m
atr
ix
is
r
ep
ea
ted
u
n
til
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
m
atr
ix
b
etwe
en
two
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
iter
atio
n
s
is
less
th
an
an
er
r
o
r
th
r
esh
o
l
d
ε=
0
.
0
0
5
o
r
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
o
f
1
0
0
ite
r
atio
n
s
is
r
ea
ch
e
d
(
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
)
.
On
ce
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
is
r
ea
ch
ed
,
we
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
im
a
g
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
two
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
b
y
lab
els
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
to
ea
ch
p
ix
el
th
e
clu
s
ter
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
v
ec
to
r
is
r
eo
r
d
er
ed
to
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
s
h
ap
e
as
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
a
g
e,
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
co
lo
r
m
ap
p
in
g
t
h
at
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ea
c
h
cl
u
s
ter
with
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
c
o
lo
r
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
b
y
la
b
els.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
c
o
lo
r
s
eg
m
en
ted
im
ag
e
is
g
en
er
ated
,
r
ep
lacin
g
ea
ch
p
ix
e
l
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
a
g
e
b
y
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
ce
n
t
r
o
id
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
clu
s
ter
to
wh
ich
it
was
ass
ig
n
ed
,
th
is
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
av
er
ag
e
co
lo
r
o
f
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
an
im
ag
e
in
wh
ich
ea
ch
p
i
x
el
ad
o
p
ts
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
c
o
lo
r
o
f
its
cl
u
s
ter
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
to
v
is
u
ally
ap
p
r
ec
iate
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
c
o
lo
r
s
in
th
e
im
a
g
e.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
test
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
i
m
ag
es
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
two
m
ain
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
s
(
c)
an
d
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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em
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er
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d
if
f
u
s
iv
ity
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
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,
to
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eir
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p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
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eg
m
en
tati
o
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o
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im
ag
e
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f
o
llo
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g
th
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r
o
ce
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u
r
e
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ted
in
th
e
f
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wch
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t
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n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
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ests
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e
co
n
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cted
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s
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g
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n
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o
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e
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to
p
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f
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n
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d
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u
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th
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3.
RE
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h
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f
ir
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t
test
im
ag
e
u
s
ed
was
a
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
r
ed
f
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we
r
s
o
n
a
b
lu
e
b
ac
k
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r
o
u
n
d
s
h
o
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g
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tin
ct
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lo
r
s
[
2
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.
I
n
itially
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e
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o
r
i
th
m
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p
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4
clu
s
ter
s
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s
h
o
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g
two
s
h
ad
es
in
th
e
s
k
y
,
th
e
g
r
ass
an
d
th
e
f
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n
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d
if
f
u
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iv
ity
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ar
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eter
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2
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h
e
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alize
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s
eg
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e
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tatio
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s
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in
Fig
u
r
e
2
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ar
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ig
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h
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tr
al
p
ar
t
s
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en
ta
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b
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d
th
e
r
ig
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t p
a
r
t sh
o
ws th
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eg
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n
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id
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n
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e
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o
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r
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ich
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e
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lects
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e
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h
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g
r
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t
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e
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ig
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h
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f
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p
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ix
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e
with
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e
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k
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n
d
v
eg
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e
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i
d
e
n
t
in
t
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eg
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,
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al
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m
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b
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ests
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er
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o
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m
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h
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n
g
i
n
g
th
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e
o
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m
to
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5
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2
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5
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0
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h
e
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lts
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t
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ig
n
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t
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h
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h
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n
ew
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m
e
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ti
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o
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m
e
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te
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ty
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m
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te
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(
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Fi
g
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e
3
wh
er
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h
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t
p
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r
t
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ws
t
h
e
o
r
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al
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m
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e,
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h
e
ce
n
t
r
al
p
a
r
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
b
y
la
b
els,
a
n
d
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
p
ar
t s
h
o
ws
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h
e
s
e
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m
e
n
t
ati
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n
b
y
ce
n
t
r
o
i
d
co
l
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r
s
)
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T
h
e
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ec
o
n
d
test
im
ag
e
is
a
f
iel
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o
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s
u
n
f
lo
wer
s
[
2
6
]
,
p
r
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n
g
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m
o
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e
ch
allen
g
in
g
s
eg
m
e
n
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n
d
u
e
to
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atter
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e
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n
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l
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ilar
ity
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etwe
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ts
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itially
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h
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ith
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ter
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if
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tiatin
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en
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n
in
th
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p
p
e
r
p
ar
t
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f
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
er
e,
th
e
lef
t
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ar
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
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ig
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im
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e
ce
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tr
al
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t
s
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e
s
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m
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tatio
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s
b
y
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els
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d
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e
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ig
h
t
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ar
t
s
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e
s
eg
m
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tatio
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s
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n
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o
id
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.
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n
th
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,
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o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
ele
m
en
ts
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
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I
n
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I
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tell
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SS
N:
2252
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8
9
3
8
I
ma
g
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men
ta
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p
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(
R
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Jimé
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-
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r
en
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)
4639
th
e
p
etals
p
r
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t
d
if
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e
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en
ce
s
in
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eir
to
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ality
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h
o
we
v
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,
t
h
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lt
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ls
a
d
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f
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n
g
th
e
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t
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,
s
in
ce
th
e
leav
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an
d
f
lo
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ce
n
ter
s
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
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in
th
e
s
am
e
clu
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ter
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
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is
n
o
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s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
ca
p
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all
th
e
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etails
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at
wer
e
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p
ec
te
d
.
A
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
with
2
0
clu
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ter
s
was
test
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to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
o
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p
t
u
r
e
m
o
r
e
d
etails
an
d
tex
tu
r
es
in
t
h
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im
ag
e.
A
d
etailed
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
lo
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p
ar
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
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e
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e
ce
n
tr
o
id
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s
tr
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ctio
n
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h
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es
a
r
ep
lica
alm
o
s
t e
q
u
al
to
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e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esu
lts
f
ir
s
t im
ag
e,
c
=4
,
m
=2
.
0
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esu
lts
f
ir
s
t im
ag
e,
c
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m
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0
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u
r
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4
.
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d
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(
u
p
p
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,
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0
W
ith
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r
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s
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o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Hu
a
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
to
wo
r
k
well,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
an
im
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to
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m
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ted
m
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t
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e
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m
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eg
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latin
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an
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p
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0
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wn
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
J
u
s
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as
Hu
an
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
3
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an
d
C
u
i
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a
l
.
[
1
4
]
u
s
ed
im
a
g
es
th
at
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n
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is
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ar
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ith
m
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ed
b
y
So
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
m
p
u
tatio
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f
icien
cy
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
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tif
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tell
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
4
6
3
6
-
4
6
4
2
4640
d
esp
ite
b
ein
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
ad
a
p
tab
le.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
,
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p
r
o
c
ess
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g
tim
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in
th
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class
if
icatio
n
ar
e
in
th
e
o
r
d
er
2
.
5
3
s
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o
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d
s
f
o
r
im
ag
es
o
f
r
eso
lu
tio
n
3
5
0
×3
5
0
p
ix
els
an
d
4
clu
s
ter
s
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
tu
itio
n
is
tic
f
u
zz
y
lo
ca
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
-
m
ea
n
s
(
I
FLI
C
M
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
C
u
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
th
is
s
am
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
th
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
tim
e
o
f
ea
ch
im
ag
e
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
2
0
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
in
g
en
er
al
t
h
e
tim
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
with
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
im
ag
es,
s
o
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
v
alid
ated
with
im
ag
es
o
f
r
eso
lu
tio
n
2
0
0
0
×3
0
0
0
p
ix
els
with
tim
es
o
f
3
.
5
m
in
u
tes
o
n
av
er
ag
e,
v
alu
es th
at
co
n
tr
ast with
th
e
h
ig
h
tim
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Hu
an
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
lab
el
-
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
,
wh
ich
with
3
clu
s
ter
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
r
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d
u
ct
t
y
p
e
well
an
d
th
u
s
f
ac
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ates
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
ANN)
an
d
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
C
NN)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
d
u
s
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ial
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r
o
d
u
ct
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
L
a
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at
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u
s
tr
ial
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ed
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p
r
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d
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tific
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p
p
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t
o
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tech
n
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atter
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itio
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b
y
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
r
d
ee
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lear
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g
.
Af
ter
th
e
test
s
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it
i
s
o
b
s
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v
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th
at
th
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alg
o
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ith
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est
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atic
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f
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in
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p
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d
u
cts an
d
r
aw
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ate
r
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RE
F
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R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
Ji
a
n
g
a
n
d
B
.
Q
.
H
u
,
“
O
n
f
o
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r
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p
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m
a
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o
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s
,
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Fu
zz
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ss.
2
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5
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2
.
[
2
]
M
.
S
h
a
h
i
d
i
,
T.
A
l
l
a
h
v
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r
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.
A
.
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z
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C
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3
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C
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[
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A
.
R
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4
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[
5
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S
.
A
sh
r
a
f
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d
M
.
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.
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h
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,
“
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u
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,
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Ap
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.