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1.
I
NT
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O
N
Ar
tific
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i
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tellig
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(
AI
)
is
tr
an
s
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o
r
m
in
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in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
r
esh
ap
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k
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is
cr
ea
ted
,
an
aly
ze
d
,
a
n
d
d
is
s
em
in
ated
.
I
n
ac
ad
e
m
ia,
its
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
h
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n
ce
r
esear
ch
w
o
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lo
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d
o
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tim
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co
llab
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atio
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h
as
d
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aw
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in
cr
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in
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atten
tio
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[
1
]
.
Aca
d
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m
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co
n
f
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en
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s
,
as
k
e
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s
p
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ten
t
q
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ality
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d
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r
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allo
ca
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[
2
]
.
AI
-
p
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wer
ed
to
o
ls
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s
u
ch
as
C
h
atGPT
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o
f
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n
o
v
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s
o
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t
io
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s
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b
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s
ab
o
u
t a
ca
d
em
i
c
r
ig
o
r
a
n
d
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
[
3
]
.
W
h
ile
AI
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
in
te
g
r
ated
in
to
ac
ad
em
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wo
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k
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ws,
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s
ca
r
ce
o
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im
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lem
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th
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to
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ality
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tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
an
d
eth
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in
teg
r
ity
[
4
]
.
A
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ef
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.
T
h
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ttp
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it f
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lex
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is
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s
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s
in
to
s
tr
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u
tp
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ts
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
r
a
m
es
th
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AI
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d
ito
r
n
o
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HI
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ate
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n
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d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
A
I
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
eth
ical
an
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
ac
ad
em
ia,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
o
r
i
g
in
a
lity
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
C
h
atGPT
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
is
h
ig
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
f
ew
-
s
h
o
t
lear
n
in
g
an
d
g
e
n
er
ates
h
u
m
an
-
lik
e
tex
t
,
b
u
t
its
o
u
tp
u
ts
r
e
q
u
ir
e
s
cr
u
tin
y
d
u
e
to
p
o
te
n
tial
b
iases
an
d
lack
o
f
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
[
9
]
–
[
1
1
]
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
u
s
e
in
r
esear
ch
an
d
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
d
em
an
d
s
clea
r
g
u
id
elin
es a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
o
v
e
r
s
ig
h
t to
u
p
h
o
ld
ac
a
d
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
i
n
es
h
o
w
AI
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
in
to
ac
ad
e
m
ic
wo
r
k
f
l
o
ws
in
a
way
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
,
r
ath
er
th
an
r
ep
lace
s
,
h
u
m
an
e
x
p
er
tis
e.
A
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
to
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
ca
n
h
elp
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
s
ch
o
lar
ly
r
ig
o
r
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
E
th
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
wer
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
;
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
b
o
th
th
e
c
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
an
d
th
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
f
o
r
th
eir
an
o
n
y
m
ized
d
ata
to
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
Fo
r
th
at
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
C
h
atGPT
in
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
ten
t
c
r
ea
tio
n
an
d
co
llab
o
r
a
tio
n
.
I
t
in
teg
r
ates
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ac
ad
em
ic
ev
e
n
ts
an
d
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
to
ass
ess
C
h
atGPT
’
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
ch
o
lar
ly
wo
r
k
f
lo
ws.
T
o
g
u
i
d
e
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
R
Q)
wer
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
:
i)
R
Q1
:
wh
at
is
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
al
ity
,
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
AI
-
g
en
er
ate
d
co
n
ten
t in
ac
a
d
em
ic
co
n
f
er
en
c
es?
ii)
R
Q2
:
h
o
w
d
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
tili
ze
AI
to
o
ls
li
k
e
C
h
atGPT
f
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
ten
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t?
2
.
1
.
Appl
ica
t
io
n in
a
ca
dem
i
c
ev
ent
s
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
p
h
ase
to
o
k
p
lace
in
th
r
ee
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
test
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
to
ev
al
u
ate
C
h
atGPT
’
s
r
o
le
in
ac
ad
em
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e.
C
h
atG
PT
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
:
i)
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
in
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
ep
o
r
ts
;
ii)
r
ef
in
in
g
an
d
o
r
g
an
izin
g
id
ea
s
to
en
h
an
ce
s
ch
o
lar
ly
o
u
tp
u
t;
an
d
iii)
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
AI
-
ass
is
ted
s
y
n
th
esi
s
.
T
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
p
lay
e
d
a
r
o
le,
o
v
er
s
ee
in
g
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ated
co
n
t
en
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
c
o
h
er
en
ce
,
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
with
co
n
f
er
en
ce
o
b
jectiv
es.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
,
g
ath
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
ess
io
n
s
an
d
QR
co
d
e
-
b
ased
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
ass
ess
ed
th
e
to
o
l’
s
u
s
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
T
h
e
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
‒
Au
to
m
ated
tr
an
s
cr
ip
tio
n
ca
p
tu
r
ed
s
p
o
k
e
n
co
n
te
n
t in
s
ess
io
n
s
.
‒
T
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
cu
r
ated
an
d
v
alid
ated
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ated
s
u
m
m
ar
ies.
‒
C
u
s
to
m
ized
C
h
atGPT
m
o
d
els we
r
e
ad
ap
ted
to
ev
en
t to
p
ics.
‒
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
co
n
ten
t g
en
er
atio
n
en
h
an
ce
d
p
ar
ticip
an
t e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t.
‒
Po
s
t
-
ev
en
t a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
c
o
n
f
e
r
en
ce
r
e
p
o
r
ts
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
r
an
s
p
ar
e
n
c
y
an
d
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
b
i
l
i
ty
,
th
e
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
w
a
s
ex
e
c
u
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
s
p
e
c
if
i
c
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
l
ed
t
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
t
o
o
l
w
a
s
Op
e
n
AI
's
G
P
T
-
4
l
a
r
g
e
l
an
g
u
a
g
e
m
o
d
e
l
,
a
c
ce
s
s
e
d
v
i
a
a
c
u
s
t
o
m
-
b
u
i
l
t
a
g
en
t
n
a
m
e
d
th
e
"
C
o
n
f
e
r
en
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
iz
a
r
d
.
"
T
h
i
s
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
ze
d
G
PT
w
a
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
ed
to
o
p
er
a
t
e
o
n
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
,
m
en
u
-
d
r
iv
e
n
b
a
s
i
s
,
a
l
lo
w
i
n
g
th
e
A
I
e
d
i
to
r
t
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
ly
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
v
a
r
io
u
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
f
r
o
m
a
l
iv
e
co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
tr
a
n
s
cr
i
p
t
.
K
e
y
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
s
i
n
c
lu
d
ed
g
e
n
er
a
t
i
n
g
m
a
in
i
d
ea
s
,
e
x
tr
a
c
t
in
g
n
o
t
ab
l
e
q
u
o
t
e
s
,
d
r
a
f
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
,
i
d
e
n
t
if
y
in
g
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
,
an
d
c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
n
g
co
n
t
en
t
t
o
t
h
e
s
u
s
t
a
in
a
b
le
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
l
s
(
S
D
G
s
)
.
A
c
r
i
t
ic
a
l
in
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
em
b
e
d
d
ed
in
th
i
s
ag
e
n
t
w
a
s
to
b
a
s
e
i
t
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
e
x
c
l
u
s
iv
e
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
u
p
l
o
ad
ed
tr
a
n
s
cr
i
p
t
,
p
r
ev
e
n
t
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
r
o
m
u
s
i
n
g
i
t
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
u
n
l
e
s
s
e
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
l
y
p
r
o
m
p
t
ed
.
T
h
i
s
co
n
s
t
r
a
in
t
e
n
s
u
r
ed
th
a
t
a
l
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
w
er
e
d
ir
e
c
t
ly
tr
a
c
e
ab
l
e
t
o
th
e
c
o
n
f
e
r
en
c
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
l
l
in
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
"C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
i
z
ar
d
"
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
at
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
a
co
r
t
ar
.
l
i
n
k
/
8
z
7
8
T
Y
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
-
led
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
was
in
teg
r
al
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
r
ea
l
t
im
e
b
y
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
t
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
cr
o
s
s
-
r
ef
er
en
cin
g
th
e
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
o
u
tp
u
ts
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
liv
e
tr
a
n
s
cr
ip
tio
n
s
an
d
t
h
eir
o
wn
n
o
tes.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
als
o
f
th
is
v
alid
atio
n
w
er
e
to
:
i
)
v
er
if
y
th
e
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f
ac
tu
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r
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u
m
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ar
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an
d
q
u
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en
s
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r
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en
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
ten
t g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
en
g
a
g
e
d
y
n
am
ic
ally
with
th
e
m
ater
ial.
2
.
2
.
F
o
rma
t
iv
e
wo
r
k
s
ho
ps
wit
h student
s
a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
hers
I
n
p
ar
a
l
l
e
l
,
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
w
e
r
e
co
n
d
u
ct
e
d
w
i
t
h
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
er
s
.
P
ar
t
i
c
i
p
an
t
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
ed
f
r
o
m
U
n
iv
er
s
i
t
a
t
d
e
Va
l
è
n
c
ia
,
th
e
Un
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
G
l
a
s
g
o
w,
an
d
G
l
as
g
o
w
C
a
l
ed
o
n
i
a
n
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
in
g
i
n
a
t
o
ta
l
o
f
1
2
7
p
ar
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
w
a
s
c
h
o
s
en
t
o
ac
c
e
s
s
r
e
l
e
v
an
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
io
n
s
en
g
ag
e
d
in
i
n
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
ad
e
m
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
H
o
we
v
er
,
we
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
r
e
e
E
u
r
o
p
e
an
u
n
iv
e
r
s
i
t
i
e
s
,
l
i
m
i
t
s
t
h
e
g
en
e
r
a
l
i
z
a
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
c
o
n
c
er
n
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
i
n
te
r
a
c
t
io
n
s
w
i
t
h
AI
.
P
r
i
o
r
f
a
m
i
l
i
ar
i
t
y
w
i
th
AI
t
o
o
l
s
w
a
s
n
o
t
a
s
e
l
e
c
t
io
n
cr
i
t
er
i
o
n
b
u
t
wa
s
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
ed
i
n
p
r
e
-
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
to
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
b
a
s
e
l
in
e
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
n
t
s
we
r
e
in
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
t
o
A
I
-
d
r
iv
e
n
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
g
en
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
te
x
t
r
e
f
in
e
m
e
n
t,
an
d
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
.
T
h
e
i
r
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
,
ch
a
l
l
en
g
e
s
,
a
n
d
p
er
c
e
p
t
io
n
s
o
f
A
I
i
n
t
eg
r
a
t
i
o
n
in
a
ca
d
em
i
a
w
er
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
n
d
an
a
ly
z
ed
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
wer
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
:
i)
p
r
e
-
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
e
v
a
lu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tin
g
p
ar
ticip
an
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
ii)
p
ar
ticip
an
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
e
v
en
ts
,
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
to
o
ls
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
2
7
p
r
e
-
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
an
d
7
2
p
o
s
t
-
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
esp
o
n
s
es we
r
e
an
aly
ze
d
,
with
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
d
iv
er
s
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
au
d
ien
ce
(
UK,
I
n
d
ia,
Sp
ain
,
I
taly
,
Fra
n
ce
,
So
u
th
Af
r
ica,
a
n
d
C
h
in
a)
.
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
p
o
ten
tial
b
ias
s
tem
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
th
e
p
r
e
-
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
p
r
io
r
f
am
iliar
ity
an
d
u
s
ag
e
p
atter
n
s
with
AI
to
o
ls
lik
e
C
h
atGPT
.
T
h
is
b
aselin
e
d
ata
was
n
o
t
u
s
ed
to
f
ilter
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
u
t
r
ath
er
to
co
n
tex
tu
alize
th
eir
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
AI
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
i
n
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
with
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
AI
tr
ain
in
g
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
C
h
atGPT
’
s
r
o
le
in
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
ten
t c
r
ea
tio
n
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
te
r
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Data
f
r
o
m
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
s
u
r
v
ey
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
k
ey
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
C
h
atGPT
’
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
te
n
t
cr
ea
tio
n
.
Af
ter
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
tr
ai
n
in
g
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
C
h
atGPT
’
s
r
eliab
il
ity
,
y
et
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
attr
ib
u
tio
n
r
em
ain
e
d
p
r
ev
alen
t.
W
h
ile
C
h
atGPT
was
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
v
a
lu
ed
f
o
r
b
r
ain
s
to
r
m
in
g
an
d
in
itial
d
r
af
tin
g
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
es
itated
to
u
s
e
it
f
o
r
f
ac
t
-
ch
ec
k
in
g
an
d
f
in
al
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
citin
g
th
e
lack
o
f
v
er
if
iab
le
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
its
r
o
le
in
co
n
ten
t
g
en
er
atio
n
,
C
h
atGPT
,
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
with
t
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
,
p
lay
ed
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
in
r
estr
u
ctu
r
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
wo
r
k
f
lo
ws
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
AI
-
ass
is
ted
co
n
ten
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
r
o
les
we
r
e
ab
le
to
f
o
c
u
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
o
n
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
u
cted
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
clea
r
ly
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
m
an
ag
es
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ess
io
n
s
wh
ile
m
o
d
er
ato
r
s
v
alid
ate
an
d
r
e
f
in
e
th
e
AI
-
g
en
e
r
ated
co
n
ten
t to
m
ai
n
tain
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
elev
a
n
ce
.
3
.
1
.
T
he
no
v
el
ro
le
o
f
t
he
AI edit
o
r:
a
hu
m
a
n e
x
pert
in a
ca
dem
ic
co
nfe
re
nces
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
r
g
an
izin
g
th
r
ee
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
—
h
eld
in
Ma
d
r
id
(
2
0
2
3
)
,
Vale
n
cia
(
2
0
2
4
)
,
an
d
Glasg
o
w
(
2
0
2
4
)
(
h
ttp
s
://aco
r
tar
.
lin
k
/ltJ
u
R
5
)
—
we
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
r
o
l
e,
ex
p
licitly
d
e
f
in
ed
as
a
h
u
m
an
ex
p
er
t
wh
o
s
u
p
er
v
is
es
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ates
with
AI
to
o
ls
in
ac
ad
em
ic
ev
en
ts
.
T
h
e
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
f
th
ese
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
co
n
ten
t
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
a
d
ap
tatio
n
.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
tex
t,
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
,
as
a
p
er
s
o
n
in
t
eg
r
atin
g
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
AI
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
em
er
g
ed
as
ess
en
tial
in
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
th
e
im
m
ed
iate
s
y
n
th
esis
,
r
ef
in
em
en
t,
an
d
clea
r
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
,
cr
o
s
s
-
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
T
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
in
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
h
if
t
i
n
h
o
w
A
I
-
g
en
er
ate
d
co
n
ten
t
is
m
an
ag
ed
an
d
r
ef
in
ed
.
T
h
is
r
o
le
co
m
b
i
n
es
tech
n
ical
ex
p
er
tis
e
with
ac
ad
em
ic
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
AI
-
ass
is
ted
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
co
n
f
er
en
ce
’
s
th
em
es,
o
b
jectiv
es,
an
d
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
A
k
ey
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
is
to
m
ain
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ess
io
n
s
,
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
id
ea
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
g
en
er
ated
co
n
ten
t
f
o
llo
ws
a
co
h
er
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
B
y
r
ef
in
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4487
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
d
r
af
ts
in
r
ea
l tim
e,
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
h
elp
s
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
an
d
alig
n
s
th
em
with
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
n
ar
r
ativ
e,
en
a
b
lin
g
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
c
o
n
ten
t
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t,
o
n
g
o
in
g
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
ts
an
d
clea
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
an
d
o
th
er
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
r
o
les
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
tial.
R
eg
u
lar
u
p
d
ates
in
p
r
o
m
p
t
d
esig
n
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
allo
w
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
to
r
esp
o
n
d
d
y
n
am
ically
to
s
ess
io
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
te
n
t
r
em
ain
s
ac
cu
r
ate,
r
elev
an
t,
a
n
d
r
ef
lec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
ev
o
l
v
in
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
e
n
h
an
ce
s
h
o
w
AI
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
h
u
m
an
ex
p
er
tis
e,
r
ath
er
th
an
r
e
p
lacin
g
it.
B
y
ce
n
tr
alizin
g
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
co
n
ten
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
er
t
h
u
m
an
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t,
t
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
allo
ws
ea
ch
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
ar
ticip
an
t
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
eir
u
n
iq
u
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
i
cien
t
an
d
co
h
esiv
e
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
T
ab
le
1
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
k
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
in
AI
-
ass
is
ted
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cia
l
r
o
le
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
ten
t
b
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
r
o
m
p
ts
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
tr
an
s
cr
ip
tio
n
s
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
i
n
al
o
u
tp
u
ts
m
ee
t a
ca
d
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Key
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
Ta
sk
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
mp
t
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
A
I
e
d
i
t
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
a
n
d
t
e
st
s
p
r
o
mp
t
s
,
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
G
P
T
mo
d
e
l
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
t
a
i
l
o
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
n
e
e
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
Tr
a
n
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
u
t
Th
e
A
I
e
d
i
t
o
r
se
t
s
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
c
l
e
a
r
a
n
d
c
o
h
e
s
i
v
e
d
o
c
u
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mi
n
g
r
a
w
t
r
a
n
scri
p
t
i
o
n
d
a
t
a
i
n
t
o
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
f
o
r
mat
s.
Ex
p
e
r
t
-
g
u
i
d
e
d
e
d
i
t
i
n
g
To
e
n
su
r
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
A
I
e
d
i
t
o
r
r
e
f
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
b
y
a
l
i
g
n
i
n
g
i
t
w
i
t
h
e
x
p
e
r
t
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
,
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
i
n
g
a
p
o
l
i
sh
e
d
a
n
d
i
m
p
a
c
t
f
u
l
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
.
3
.
2
.
Co
nfe
re
nce
cha
ir:
g
uid
ing
t
he
v
is
io
n wit
h AI
-
enha
nc
ed
ins
ig
hts
W
ith
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
e
d
ito
r
as
a
h
u
m
an
e
x
p
er
t
g
en
er
atin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
c
o
n
ten
t,
th
e
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
ch
air
ca
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
an
d
v
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
ch
air
’
s
r
o
le
in
clu
d
es
s
elec
tin
g
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
AI
s
y
s
tem
,
a
task
n
o
w
en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
AI
ed
ito
r
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
well
-
cr
af
ted
d
r
af
ts
r
ap
id
ly
.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
allo
ws
th
e
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
ch
air
to
f
o
cu
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
th
em
atic
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
s
es
s
io
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
’
s
o
v
er
all
in
teg
r
ity
.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
th
e
AI
ed
ito
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
o
r
co
n
tr
ad
icto
r
y
co
n
ten
t,
s
tr
ea
m
lin
in
g
th
e
c
h
air
’
s
r
o
le
in
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
co
h
er
en
ce
an
d
v
alu
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
ev
e
n
t.
T
h
e
co
n
f
er
en
ce
ch
air
p
lay
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
o
r
ch
estra
tin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
a
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
,
with
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
th
at
in
clu
d
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
,
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
av
o
id
in
g
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
cy
.
T
h
ese
task
s
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
f
er
en
ce
'
s
in
teg
r
ity
,
co
h
er
en
ce
,
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
v
alu
e
f
o
r
atten
d
ee
s
.
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
k
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
ch
air
in
m
an
ag
in
g
AI
-
g
e
n
e
r
ated
co
n
ten
t
with
in
ac
ad
em
i
c
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
ch
air
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
,
c
o
h
er
en
ce
,
a
n
d
clar
ity
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
ig
h
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
.
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
ch
air
in
AI
-
ass
is
ted
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
Ta
sk
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
se
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
Th
e
c
h
a
i
r
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
d
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
A
I
,
e
n
su
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
i
s we
l
l
-
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
Th
e
c
h
a
i
r
o
v
e
r
see
s
t
h
e
c
o
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
A
I
-
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
sessi
o
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
a
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s.
A
v
o
i
d
i
n
g
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
B
y
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
r
a
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
r
r
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
c
r
o
ss
sess
i
o
n
s,
t
h
e
c
h
a
i
r
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
c
l
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
s
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
3.
3
.
Ses
s
io
n m
o
dera
t
o
r:
re
f
i
nin
g
co
nte
nt
in pa
rt
nersh
i
p
wit
h AI
T
h
e
AI
ed
ito
r
’
s
r
o
le
also
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
s
ess
io
n
m
o
d
er
at
o
r
.
B
y
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
er
ato
r
eq
u
ip
s
th
e
AI
ed
ito
r
with
ess
en
tia
l
co
n
tex
t,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
AI
-
g
en
e
r
ated
c
o
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
m
o
d
er
ato
r
n
o
w
f
o
c
u
s
es
m
o
r
e
o
n
o
v
er
s
ee
in
g
an
d
r
ef
in
in
g
t
h
is
o
u
tp
u
t,
alig
n
in
g
i
t
with
th
e
co
n
f
er
en
ce
’
s
g
o
als.
T
h
is
d
y
n
am
ic
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
e
n
a
b
les
th
e
m
o
d
er
at
o
r
to
d
ir
ec
t
th
e
AI
’
s
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
to
war
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
b
jectiv
es
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
r
e
f
lects
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
m
ess
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
an
d
m
ee
ts
th
e
atten
d
ee
s
’
ex
p
ec
t
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ess
io
n
m
o
d
er
ato
r
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
in
clu
d
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
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3
o
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tlin
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k
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esp
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f
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AI
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R
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m
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D
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s g
o
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d
a
d
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u
st
s
t
h
e
sess
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
i
t
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
u
p
-
to
-
d
a
t
e
a
n
d
a
l
i
g
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
n
e
e
d
s
.
3
.
4
.
Aca
de
m
ic
co
ntr
ibu
t
o
r:
f
o
cus
ing
o
n deliv
er
y
a
nd
eng
a
g
em
ent
T
h
e
AI
ed
ito
r
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
wo
r
k
lo
ad
o
f
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
d
r
af
t
s
,
allo
win
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
to
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
r
ef
in
in
g
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
th
eir
co
n
te
n
t.
W
ith
AI
-
ass
is
ted
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
ca
n
ad
a
p
t
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
d
y
n
am
ically
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
m
o
r
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
with
th
eir
a
u
d
ien
ce
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
e
e
v
en
t,
th
e
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ate
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
s
er
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
to
r
ef
in
e
an
d
ex
p
an
d
th
eir
wo
r
k
in
to
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
s
,
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
,
o
r
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
T
h
is
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
A
I
in
to
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
cr
ea
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
ab
le
4
o
u
tlin
es
h
o
w
th
e
AI
ed
ito
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
r
ep
ar
ato
r
y
wo
r
k
lo
ad
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
f
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
m
ater
ials
in
to
ac
ad
em
ic
o
u
t
p
u
ts
.
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies o
f
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
in
AI
-
a
s
s
is
ted
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
Ta
sk
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
r
e
f
i
n
e
me
n
t
Th
e
A
I
e
d
i
t
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
d
r
a
f
t
s,
a
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
t
o
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
r
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
.
P
o
st
-
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
AI
-
a
ssi
st
e
d
d
r
a
f
t
s se
r
v
e
a
s
a
b
a
s
i
s f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
3
.
5
.
T
he
us
e
o
f
Cha
t
G
P
T
by
t
he
s
t
ud
ent
s
a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
her
s
:
s
urv
ey
s
a
nd
k
ey
qu
estio
ns
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
co
n
d
u
cted
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
Sp
ain
a
n
d
UK.
Par
ticip
an
ts
en
g
a
g
ed
with
C
h
atGPT
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ac
tiv
ities
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
ass
es
s
b
o
th
th
eir
tech
n
ical
u
s
ag
e
an
d
th
eir
c
r
itical
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
to
o
l
i
n
ac
ad
em
ic
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
wo
m
ain
ar
ea
s
o
f
in
ter
est g
u
id
e
d
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
:
i)
Per
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
C
h
atGPT
’
s
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
:
s
u
r
v
ey
s
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
te
r
th
e
s
ess
io
n
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
ch
an
g
es
in
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
tr
u
s
t
in
C
h
atGPT
a
s
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
its
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
cr
ea
t
io
n
.
ii)
C
o
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
r
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t:
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
wer
e
also
in
v
ited
to
i
d
en
t
if
y
lim
itatio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
AI
-
g
en
er
ated
co
n
ten
t,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
a
n
d
eth
ical
u
s
e.
3
.
5
.
1
.
Co
nfidence
in Cha
t
G
P
T
's
re
lia
bi
lity
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
C
h
atGPT
's
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
5
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
item
“Ch
atGPT
i
s
a
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
”
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
.
5
9
(
SD=0
.
8
5
)
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
to
3
.
0
4
(
SD=0
.
6
4
)
af
ter
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
a
m
o
d
er
ate
b
u
t
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
(
C
o
h
en
’
s
d
=0
.
6
0
)
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
in
d
icate
s
th
at
d
ir
ec
t,
g
u
id
ed
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
ted
to
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
c
r
itical
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t a
n
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
wh
e
n
u
s
in
g
AI
to
o
ls
in
ac
ad
em
ic
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
ab
le
5
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
'
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
C
h
atGPT
's r
eliab
ilit
y
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
S
u
r
v
e
y
i
t
e
m
P
r
e
m
e
a
n
(
S
D
)
P
o
st
m
e
a
n
(
S
D
)
C
o
h
e
n
's
d
(
e
f
f
e
c
t
si
z
e
)
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
a
t
r
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
2
.
5
9
(
0
.
8
5
)
3
.
0
4
(
0
.
6
4
)
0
.
6
0
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
u
s
e
4
.
0
4
(
0
.
9
7
)
4
.
1
5
(
0
.
9
6
)
0
.
1
2
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
u
sef
u
l
f
o
r
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
3
.
0
6
(
1
.
1
1
)
3
.
4
0
(
1
.
0
2
)
0
.
3
2
3.
5
.
2
.
Co
ncer
ns
re
g
a
rding
t
ra
ce
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
aised
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
e
liab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
-
g
en
er
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m
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ig
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cr
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th
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k
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[
1
7
]
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I
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th
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[
1
8
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.
W
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lts
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0
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in
g
th
e
an
aly
ze
d
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
n
o
ted
th
at
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
m
e
ch
an
is
m
s
h
elp
ed
b
u
ild
t
r
u
s
t,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
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h
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g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
in
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
in
teg
r
atin
g
AI
in
to
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
en
h
an
ce
s
ef
f
icien
cy
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
u
t
also
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
m
o
d
e
l
wh
er
e
h
u
m
a
n
o
v
e
r
s
ig
h
t
an
d
AI
co
ex
is
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
ten
t.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
AI
ed
ito
r
,
co
n
f
er
en
c
e
ch
air
,
an
d
s
ess
io
n
m
o
d
er
ato
r
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
co
n
ten
t
r
em
ain
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
ev
e
n
t’
s
o
b
jectiv
es,
wh
ile
h
u
m
an
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
p
la
y
s
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
t
al
r
o
le
in
v
alid
atin
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
m
itig
atin
g
er
r
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
u
p
h
o
ld
in
g
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
v
is
u
ally
illu
s
tr
ate
th
i
s
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
c
en
tr
al
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
;
Fig
u
r
e
2
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
AI
ed
it
o
r
,
c
o
n
f
er
en
ce
ch
air
,
s
ess
io
n
m
o
d
er
ato
r
,
an
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
al
l
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
wo
r
k
f
l
o
w
—
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
t
o
p
o
s
t
-
ev
en
t r
e
f
in
em
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
o
les in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AI
in
ac
a
d
em
ic
c
o
n
f
e
r
en
ce
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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E
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s
w
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f th
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u
r
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2
.
C
h
r
o
n
o
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
a
ca
d
em
ic
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
3.
7
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
a
nd
f
uture
re
s
ea
rc
h
W
h
ile
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
an
AI
ed
ito
r
r
o
le,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
its
lim
itatio
n
s
.
First,
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
p
e
cif
ic
co
n
tex
t:
th
r
ee
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
with
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
p
r
im
a
r
ily
f
r
o
m
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
Sp
ain
an
d
UK)
.
T
h
is
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
an
d
th
em
ati
c
f
o
c
u
s
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
th
o
s
e
r
elate
d
to
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
m
ay
n
o
t
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
g
en
er
aliza
b
le
to
o
t
h
er
ac
a
d
em
ic
cu
ltu
r
es
o
r
d
is
cip
lin
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
ath
em
atics
(
STE
M
)
o
r
th
e
h
u
m
an
ities
,
wh
ich
m
ay
h
av
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
n
o
r
m
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
ev
id
en
ce
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
.
W
h
ile
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
th
is
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
p
h
ase,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
f
u
ll
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
ac
a
d
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
'
p
r
io
r
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
an
d
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
AI
wer
e
s
elf
-
r
e
p
o
r
ted
an
d
v
ar
ie
d
,
wh
ich
m
ay
h
a
v
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
ei
r
en
g
a
g
em
en
t a
n
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
o
p
en
s
ev
er
a
l
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
a
n
d
ex
ten
d
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
AI
e
d
ito
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
test
ed
in
a
wid
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies s
h
o
u
ld
:
i)
R
ep
licate
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
(
e.
g
.
,
No
r
th
Am
e
r
ican
,
Asi
an
,
o
r
Af
r
ican
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
)
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
cu
ltu
r
a
l f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
ap
e
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
ii)
I
m
p
lem
en
t
th
e
AI
ed
it
o
r
r
o
le
in
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
d
ed
icate
d
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
a
d
em
ic
d
is
cip
lin
es
to
ass
ess
it
s
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ch
o
lar
ly
f
ield
s
.
iii)
C
o
n
d
u
ct
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
to
tr
ac
k
h
o
w
th
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
ev
o
lv
e
with
s
u
s
tain
ed
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
AI
-
ass
is
ted
wo
r
k
f
lo
ws.
iv
)
C
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
AI
m
o
d
els
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
b
ey
o
n
d
C
h
atGPT
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t a
n
d
v
er
s
atile
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
AI
-
h
u
m
a
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
ac
ad
em
ia.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
t
h
e
p
o
te
n
ti
al
o
f
AI
t
o
o
ls
to
en
h
a
n
ce
ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
c
o
n
f
er
en
ce
s
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
d
ev
al
u
at
in
g
t
h
e
n
ew
r
o
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
A
I
ed
it
o
r
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
i
n
d
ic
at
e
t
h
at
AI
-
ass
is
te
d
co
n
t
en
t
g
e
n
e
r
ati
o
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
w
o
r
k
f
l
o
w
ef
f
i
cie
n
cy
a
n
d
a
ll
o
ws
p
a
r
ti
cip
a
n
ts
t
o
f
o
c
u
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
an
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
.
Desp
ite
p
e
r
s
is
t
en
t
c
h
alle
n
g
es
in
t
h
e
t
r
ac
ea
b
i
lit
y
an
d
r
eli
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
A
I
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
te
d
m
o
d
el
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
ese
r
is
k
s
ca
n
b
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
m
iti
g
a
te
d
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
was
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
A
I
e
d
it
o
r
,
a
h
u
m
an
e
x
p
e
r
t
w
h
o
o
v
e
r
s
e
es c
o
n
te
n
t
s
y
n
t
h
esis
,
e
n
s
u
r
es
a
ca
d
e
m
ic
r
i
g
o
r
,
an
d
f
o
s
t
er
s
a
n
e
w
co
lla
b
o
r
ati
v
e
s
y
n
er
g
y
am
o
n
g
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
c
h
ai
r
s
,
s
es
s
io
n
m
o
d
e
r
at
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
a
ca
d
e
m
i
c
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
A
I
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
b
es
t
as
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
v
e
t
o
o
l
t
h
at
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
ts
,
r
a
t
h
e
r
th
a
n
r
e
p
l
ac
es,
h
u
m
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
tis
e
a
n
d
c
r
it
ic
al
th
i
n
k
i
n
g
.
As
a
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
i
m
p
li
c
ati
o
n
,
t
h
es
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
g
r
o
wi
n
g
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
o
f
d
i
g
it
al
i
n
t
elli
g
en
ce
—
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
u
s
e
d
ig
ita
l to
o
ls
c
r
iti
ca
ll
y
a
n
d
e
th
ic
all
y
—
as
an
e
s
s
en
t
ial
co
m
p
et
en
c
y
f
o
r
th
e
ac
ad
em
i
c
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
to
m
ai
n
ta
in
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
i
n
te
g
r
it
y
in
a
c
o
n
s
t
an
tl
y
ev
o
l
v
i
n
g
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
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er
2
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2
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F
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M
A
T
I
O
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e
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ls
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a
u
d
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v
isu
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l
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o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
tran
sm
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d
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n
a
rra
ti
v
e
s,
su
sta
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a
b
il
it
y
,
a
n
d
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
i
n
d
u
stries
.
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is
co
-
d
irec
ts
th
e
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
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l
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
t
"
F
ro
m
i
d
e
a
s:
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
x
"
a
n
d
h
a
s
b
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e
n
lea
d
in
g
th
e
t
ra
n
sm
e
d
ia
p
o
d
c
a
st
sin
c
e
2
0
1
7
,
re
flec
ti
n
g
h
is
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
t
o
i
n
n
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ti
v
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m
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d
ia
f
o
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s
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d
d
ig
it
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l
st
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ry
tell
in
g
with
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n
c
u
lt
u
ra
l
in
d
u
stries
.
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is
a
lso
a
n
a
d
v
o
c
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su
sta
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a
b
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p
ra
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ti
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sh
io
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d
c
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lt
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d
u
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ies
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t
h
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se
c
to
rs.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
e
ste
b
a
n
.
g
a
lan
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v
.
e
s.
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.
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il
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e
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De
p
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rtme
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t
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m
m
u
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ica
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n
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c
ien
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s
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t
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i
v
e
rsitat
Ja
u
m
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wh
e
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tes
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e
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m
.
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e
h
o
l
d
s
a
b
a
c
h
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lo
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
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o
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io
lo
g
y
fro
m
UN
ED
(
1
9
9
4
)
a
n
d
a
M
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
Jo
u
rn
a
li
sm
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Va
len
c
ia
a
n
d
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a
n
te
-
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V
n
e
ws
p
a
p
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r.
He
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
fr
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsitat
Ja
u
m
e
I
with
th
e
d
isse
rtatio
n
Tele
wo
rk
in
g
f
o
r
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls:
th
e
flex
i
b
il
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
fle
x
ib
i
li
ty
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
0
5
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
tea
c
h
in
g
in
t
h
e
field
o
f
a
u
d
i
o
v
is
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
u
b
li
c
re
la
ti
o
n
s
,
o
ffe
rin
g
c
o
u
rse
s
su
c
h
a
s
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
y
p
e
rm
e
d
ia
d
e
v
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lo
p
m
e
n
t,
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
v
id
e
o
g
a
m
e
s,
a
n
d
v
id
e
o
g
a
m
e
s
a
n
d
g
a
m
ifi
c
a
t
io
n
.
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r
e
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
v
id
e
o
g
a
m
e
s,
tran
sm
e
d
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sto
ry
telli
n
g
,
g
a
m
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
,
tele
wo
rk
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
v
irt
u
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
.
He
h
a
s
led
t
h
e
p
lan
e
ta
d
e
b
u
g
p
ro
jec
t,
a
lab
o
ra
to
r
y
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
in
v
i
d
e
o
g
a
m
e
s
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n
d
c
li
m
a
te
c
h
a
n
g
e
,
a
n
d
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
G
AME
RS
a
n
d
INIT
re
se
a
rc
h
g
ro
u
p
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
e
x
ten
si
v
e
l
y
i
n
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
iew
e
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
in
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
h
a
s
c
o
-
a
u
th
o
re
d
se
v
e
ra
l
b
o
o
k
s
o
n
d
i
g
it
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
v
id
e
o
g
a
m
e
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
so
ro
@
u
ji
.
e
s.
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