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[
1
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T
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tech
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[
3
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B
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tec
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s
a
n
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
allo
win
g
clin
i
cian
s
an
d
p
atien
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
b
eh
in
d
t
h
e
m
o
d
el'
s
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
‒
E
n
h
an
ce
d
tr
u
s
t
an
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
:
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
b
u
ild
g
r
ea
te
r
tr
u
s
t
in
AI
-
p
o
w
er
ed
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
ed
icin
e
to
o
ls
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
th
eir
a
d
o
p
tio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
to
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice
[
7
]
.
‒
Pre
cisi
o
n
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
:
by
i
d
en
tify
in
g
th
e
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
d
r
iv
in
g
AI
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
s
,
an
c
h
o
r
s
ca
n
h
el
p
tailo
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t stra
teg
ies to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
an
d
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ea
ch
b
r
ea
s
t c
a
n
ce
r
p
atien
t.
‒
Valid
atio
n
an
d
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
:
X
AI
m
eth
o
d
s
en
ab
le
th
e
v
alid
at
io
n
an
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
AI
m
o
d
els,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
with
m
ed
ical
ex
p
er
tis
e
an
d
b
e
s
t p
r
ac
tices.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
X
AI
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
a
n
ch
o
r
s
m
eth
o
d
,
i
n
to
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
ed
icin
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
ca
n
p
lay
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
attr
ac
tiv
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
ca
r
e,
u
ltima
tely
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
atien
t
o
u
tc
o
m
es
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
th
ese
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice
[
8
]
.
B
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
d
is
ea
s
e
is
a
co
m
p
lex
an
d
v
ar
ied
d
is
ea
s
e,
with
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
its
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
b
i
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
clin
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
ea
ch
p
atien
t'
s
tu
m
o
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
an
d
p
r
e
cise
ca
r
e.
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
r
ed
ic
tiv
e
m
o
d
els
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
g
r
e
at
p
o
ten
tial
in
th
is
d
o
m
ain
,
lev
e
r
ag
in
g
lar
g
e
d
at
asets
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
u
n
co
v
er
h
id
d
e
n
p
atter
n
s
an
d
m
ak
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
r
o
g
n
o
s
is
,
d
is
ea
s
e
r
is
k
an
d
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
th
ese
m
o
d
els
to
b
e
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
in
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
in
te
r
p
r
etab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
is
wh
er
e
XAI
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as th
e
a
n
ch
o
r
s
m
eth
o
d
,
co
m
e
in
to
p
ictu
r
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
c
h
o
r
s
m
eth
o
d
i
d
en
tifie
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
r
"
a
n
ch
o
r
s
"
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
an
AI
m
o
d
el'
s
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
clea
r
an
d
ac
tio
n
a
b
le
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
s
f
o
r
its
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
0
]
.
C
lin
ician
s
an
d
p
atien
ts
ca
n
g
ain
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
o
u
tp
u
ts
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
a
n
ch
o
r
s
to
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
p
r
ed
ictio
n
m
o
d
els,
s
u
ch
as
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
o
lecu
lar
o
r
g
en
o
m
ic
b
io
m
ar
k
er
s
th
o
s
e
ar
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
r
is
k
,
tr
ea
tm
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
o
r
p
r
o
g
n
o
s
i
s
.
Als
o
,
clin
ical
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
(
e.
g
.
,
ag
e,
t
u
m
o
r
s
tag
e,
an
d
co
m
o
r
b
i
d
ities
)
th
at
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
I
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
llectiv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
o
f
A
I
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
tr
u
s
t
in
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
ed
icin
e
to
o
ls
,
as
it
allo
ws
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
an
d
p
atien
ts
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ju
s
tific
atio
n
b
eh
in
d
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
an
d
m
a
k
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t tr
ea
tm
en
t o
p
tio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
A
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
i
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
th
a
t
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
b
o
t
h
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
t
i
o
n
a
l
ch
a
l
le
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
i
n
t
eg
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
X
A
I
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
a
n
ch
o
r
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
in
t
o
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
e
d
i
c
in
e
f
o
r
b
r
e
a
s
t
c
a
n
c
er
[
1
2
]
.
F
i
r
s
t
,
f
r
o
m
a
t
ec
h
n
i
ca
l
p
er
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
,
A
I
m
o
d
e
l
d
ev
e
l
o
p
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
w
o
r
k
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
w
i
t
h
d
o
m
a
i
n
e
x
p
er
t
s
,
l
i
k
e
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
i
s
t
s
a
n
d
o
n
c
o
lo
g
i
s
t
s
,
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
t
h
e
ex
p
l
an
a
t
i
o
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
a
n
ch
o
r
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
r
e
c
l
i
n
ic
a
l
l
y
m
e
a
n
in
g
f
u
l
an
d
a
l
i
g
n
e
d
w
i
th
m
ed
i
c
a
l
b
e
s
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
ay
i
n
v
o
lv
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
m
o
d
e
l
r
e
f
in
e
m
en
t
an
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
en
g
in
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
o
m
a
in
-
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
to
en
h
an
c
e
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
r
e
l
e
v
an
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
AI
-
b
a
s
e
d
p
r
ed
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
S
e
c
o
n
d
,
h
e
a
l
th
c
ar
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
io
n
s
h
a
v
e
t
o
d
e
c
id
e
ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
c
r
i
t
er
i
a
an
d
c
l
ea
r
i
n
s
tr
u
c
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
X
A
I
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
n
a
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
co
n
te
x
t
.
T
h
e
s
e
s
tr
a
t
e
g
ie
s
s
h
o
u
ld
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
l
in
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
t
a
s
k
an
d
t
h
e
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
ex
p
la
n
a
t
io
n
s
t
o
t
r
u
t
h
f
u
l
ly
r
ef
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
's
d
ec
i
s
i
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
a
t
io
n
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
r
eq
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
e
x
p
l
an
a
t
io
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
F
i
n
a
ll
y
,
p
a
t
ie
n
t
s
an
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
cu
l
t
u
r
e
d
o
n
h
o
w
t
o
in
t
er
p
r
e
t
t
h
e
e
x
p
l
an
a
t
io
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
to
o
l
s
l
i
k
e
a
n
c
h
o
r
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
ci
p
l
e
s
o
f
X
A
I
.
T
h
i
s
w
i
l
l
f
o
s
t
er
g
r
e
a
te
r
t
r
u
s
t
an
d
a
c
c
e
p
t
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
i
e
s
,
u
l
t
im
a
t
e
ly
l
e
ad
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
ir
m
o
r
e
ex
t
en
s
i
v
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
m
e
d
i
c
in
e
f
o
r
b
r
e
a
s
t
ca
n
c
er
[
1
5
]
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
e
d
icin
e
h
as
s
ee
n
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ch
an
g
e
with
t
h
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
an
d
AI
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
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[
1
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.
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1
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XAI
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1
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[
2
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[
2
4
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[
2
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ex
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ies in
o
n
co
lo
g
y
.
Ali
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
ex
am
i
n
es
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
XAI
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ed
ical
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
ass
o
ciate
s
’
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
h
o
w
XAI
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
an
s
p
a
r
e
n
cy
o
f
AI
m
o
d
els,
wh
ich
is
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
g
ain
in
g
th
e
t
r
u
s
t
o
f
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
an
d
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
d
e
b
ates
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
XAI
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
tr
ea
tm
en
t p
lan
n
in
g
,
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
p
atien
t
o
u
tco
m
e
s
b
y
m
ak
in
g
AI
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
m
o
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ab
le.
Als
o
,
th
e
r
ev
iew
id
en
tifie
s
k
ey
XAI
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
ettin
g
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
XAI
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
h
o
le
b
etwe
en
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
AI
m
o
d
els
an
d
r
eliab
le,
p
r
ac
tical
m
ed
ical
p
r
ac
tices.
Ali
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
XAI
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
l
e
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
a
p
er
w
ill ex
am
in
e
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
XAI
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
an
ch
o
r
s
m
eth
o
d
,
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
ed
icin
e
f
o
r
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
.
An
ch
o
r
s
,
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Sawan
g
ar
r
ee
r
ak
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
,
is
a
m
o
d
el
-
ag
n
o
s
tic
m
eth
o
d
th
at
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
m
o
d
el'
s
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
B
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
"
an
ch
o
r
"
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
ex
p
lain
a
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
,
a
n
ch
o
r
s
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
lo
g
ic
an
d
r
atio
n
ale
b
eh
in
d
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ated
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
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xp
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in
a
b
le
a
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tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
w
ith
a
n
ch
o
r
s
meth
o
d
fo
r
b
r
ea
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I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
c
er
,
an
ch
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
lev
er
ag
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
h
y
s
ician
s
an
d
p
at
ien
ts
with
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic
an
d
p
r
o
g
n
o
s
tic
m
o
d
els.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
an
an
ch
o
r
s
an
aly
s
is
m
ig
h
t
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
a
m
o
d
el'
s
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
a
p
atien
t'
s
r
is
k
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
r
iv
en
b
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
f
am
ily
h
is
to
r
y
,
ag
e,
an
d
m
am
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
b
r
ea
s
t
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
ca
n
h
el
p
b
u
ild
tr
u
s
t
in
th
e
AI
s
y
s
tem
,
as
clin
ician
s
ca
n
v
er
if
y
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
alig
n
s
with
th
eir
m
ed
ical
ex
p
er
tis
e.
Patien
ts
ca
n
b
e
em
p
o
wer
e
d
to
m
ak
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
ca
r
e,
as
th
ey
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
r
atio
n
ale
b
eh
in
d
th
e
AI
'
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
et
us
ed
T
h
e
d
ataset
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
tak
en
f
r
o
m
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
.
T
h
e
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
f
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
g
e
n
o
m
ics
is
an
o
p
en
-
ac
ce
s
s
r
eser
v
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
ex
p
l
o
r
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltid
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
ca
n
ce
r
g
en
o
m
ics
d
atasets
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
d
o
wn
l
o
ad
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ca
n
ce
r
g
e
n
o
m
ics
d
ata
s
et
s
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ics
o
f
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
d
ataset
u
s
ed
in
an
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
y
wo
u
l
d
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
at
s
tu
d
y
,
b
u
t
g
en
er
ally
,
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
d
atasets
ca
n
in
clu
d
e:
i)
g
en
o
m
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lik
e
m
u
tatio
n
s
,
co
p
y
-
n
u
m
b
er
alter
atio
n
s
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
ar
ian
ts
f
r
o
m
s
eq
u
en
cin
g
d
ata
;
ii)
g
e
n
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
f
iles
wh
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
g
en
es
at
o
n
ce
to
cr
ea
te
a
g
lo
b
al
im
ag
e
o
f
ce
llu
lar
f
u
n
ctio
n
;
iii)
p
r
o
teo
m
i
cs
d
ata
wh
ich
m
ay
in
clu
d
e
lev
els
o
f
p
r
o
tein
s
an
d
th
eir
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
,
if
av
ailab
l
e
;
iv
)
clin
ical
d
ata
s
u
ch
as
p
ati
en
t
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
tr
ea
tm
en
t
h
is
to
r
ies,
s
u
r
v
iv
al
d
etails,
an
d
clin
ical
o
u
tco
m
es
;
an
d
v
)
b
io
m
ar
k
er
d
ata
in
d
icat
in
g
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
r
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
ce
r
tain
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ar
k
er
s
lin
k
ed
to
ca
n
ce
r
p
ath
o
lo
g
y
o
r
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
ese
d
atasets
ar
e
o
f
ten
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
lar
g
e
co
h
o
r
ts
o
f
p
atien
ts
an
d
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
es
th
at
id
en
tify
g
e
n
etic
alter
atio
n
s
th
at
d
r
iv
e
ca
n
ce
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
ey
also
co
r
r
elate
g
en
o
m
ic
ch
an
g
es
with
clin
i
ca
l
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
tar
g
ete
d
ca
n
ce
r
th
er
ap
ies.
R
esear
ch
er
s
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
d
atasets
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
ca
r
ef
u
lly
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
co
n
tex
t,
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ata
t
h
ey
ex
tr
a
ct,
as
well
as
an
y
p
o
ten
tial
lim
itatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
r
co
m
p
leten
ess
o
f
th
e
clin
ical
a
n
n
o
tatio
n
s
[2
8
]
,
[2
9
]
.
3
.
2
.
M
a
chine
lea
rning
m
o
de
l
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
r
b
io
m
ar
k
er
s
,
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
class
if
ier
is
tr
ain
e
d
with
th
e
d
ataset
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
s
u
b
-
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
1
.
T
h
e
class
if
ier
with
5
0
esti
m
ato
r
s
is
g
iv
in
g
an
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
9
3
.
2
6
%
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est cla
s
s
if
ier
is
g
iv
in
g
an
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
9
3
.
2
6
%.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est cla
s
s
if
ier
3
.
3
.
B
io
ma
rk
er
s
deriv
ed
f
ro
m
f
ea
t
ure
im
po
rt
a
nce
o
f
m
a
chine le
a
rning
m
o
dels
ML
m
o
d
els
tr
ain
ed
o
n
ca
n
ce
r
g
en
o
m
ics
d
atasets
ca
n
id
en
ti
f
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
r
b
i
o
m
ar
k
er
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
eir
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
f
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
g
en
o
m
ics
is
an
o
p
en
-
ac
ce
s
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
ca
n
ce
r
g
e
n
o
m
ics
d
atasets
[
30
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
d
o
wn
lo
ad
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ca
n
ce
r
g
en
o
m
ics
d
ata
s
ets.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
s
p
e
cif
ics
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
ataset
u
s
ed
in
an
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
y
wo
u
ld
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
at
s
tu
d
y
,
b
u
t
g
en
er
ally
,
cBi
o
Po
r
tal
d
ataset
s
ca
n
in
clu
d
e:
i)
g
en
o
m
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lik
e
m
u
tatio
n
s
,
co
p
y
-
n
u
m
b
er
alter
atio
n
s
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
ar
ian
ts
f
r
o
m
s
eq
u
en
cin
g
d
ata
;
ii)
g
en
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
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f
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wh
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p
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h
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u
r
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etails,
an
d
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u
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m
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;
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d
v
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b
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ar
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4
.
1
.
P
re
dict
io
n:
c
he
m
o
t
hera
py
C
h
em
o
th
er
ap
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
t
r
ea
tm
en
ts
o
n
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
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ed
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s
u
itab
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tr
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atm
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t
as
ch
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o
th
er
a
p
y
,
attr
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u
tes
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d
th
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v
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u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
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p
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b
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th
e
an
ch
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r
m
eth
o
d
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f
ex
p
lain
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ex
p
lain
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t.
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t
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P
re
dict
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h
o
r
m
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s
i
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le
t
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py
Ho
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x
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c
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
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tell
I
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N:
2252
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8
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3
8
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in
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tellig
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(
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4499
4
.
3
.
P
re
dict
io
n
:
Ant
i_
H
E
R2
t
hera
py
An
ti_
HE
R
2
th
er
ap
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tr
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tm
en
ts
o
n
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
r
ed
ict
s
u
itab
le
tr
ea
tm
en
t
as
an
ti_
HE
R
2
th
er
ap
y
,
attr
i
b
u
tes
an
d
t
h
eir
v
al
u
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
b
y
th
e
an
ch
o
r
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
an
ch
o
r
tex
t.
An
ch
o
r
tex
t
:
[
'
GAT
A3
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
4
2
.
0
0
<A
g
e
<=
5
0
.
0
0
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,
'
2
.
0
0
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v
er
all_
T
u
m
o
r
_
Gr
ad
e
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'
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R
2
+
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.
0
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,
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o
v
o
_
M
B
C
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S
R
1
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,
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0
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0
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0
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ta
s
tatic_
Dz
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OXA1
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0
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T
P5
3
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1
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u
m
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alA
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u
m
in
alB
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0
0
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N
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0
.
0
0
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,
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r
_
B
r
ea
s
t_
Prim
ar
y
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0
0
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,
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C
C
ND1
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0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Mu
tatio
n
s
_
C
o
u
n
t
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4
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0
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3
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A
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R
B
B
2
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0
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D
H1
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,
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Prio
r
_
L
o
ca
l_
R
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
<=
0
.
0
0
'
]
Pre
cisi
o
n
: 0
.
1
5
8
4
7
6
6
5
8
4
7
6
6
5
8
4
8
C
o
v
er
ag
e:
0
.
0
0
8
4
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
io
n
ex
p
la
n
a
t
io
n
:
th
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
io
n
f
o
r
A
n
t
i
-
H
E
R
2
th
e
r
a
p
y
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
f
o
l
lo
w
i
n
g
c
r
i
t
er
i
a
:
G
A
T
A3
s
c
o
r
e
,
a
g
e
r
a
n
g
e
b
e
t
w
e
en
4
2
a
n
d
5
0
,
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
t
u
m
o
r
g
r
a
d
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
2
a
n
d
3
,
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
HE
R
2
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,
non
-
d
e
n
o
v
o
m
e
ta
s
t
a
t
i
c
b
r
ea
s
t
c
a
n
c
e
r
s
t
a
t
u
s
,
lo
w
E
S
R
1
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p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
l
ev
e
l
,
l
a
ck
o
f
F
G
F
R
1
a
l
t
er
a
t
io
n
,
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
g
e
n
e
t
ic
a
l
te
r
a
t
io
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i
n
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
e
g
en
e
a
m
o
n
g
a
l
t
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r
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d
g
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i
s
t
(
N
F1
ex
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
)
,
l
im
i
t
e
d
m
e
t
a
s
t
a
t
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c
d
i
s
e
a
s
e
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u
r
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n
(
M
e
t
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s
t
a
t
i
c
_
D
z
<
=1
.
0
0
)
,
ab
s
en
c
e
o
f
F
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X
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r
e
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e
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io
n
,
T
P
5
3
m
u
ta
t
i
o
n
p
r
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s
e
n
c
e
b
u
t
w
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t
h
l
u
m
i
n
a
l
a
s
u
b
ty
p
e
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
c
e
.
I
t
is
w
i
t
h
a
s
l
o
w
PT
E
N
s
co
r
e
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
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n
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e
x
p
er
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e
n
c
i
n
g
l
o
c
a
l
r
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ce
b
e
f
o
r
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
's
p
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
io
n
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
te
l
y
0
.
1
5
8
5
w
i
t
h
a
c
o
v
e
r
ag
e
r
a
t
e
o
f
a
b
o
u
t 0
.
0
0
8
4
.
4
.
4
.
P
re
dict
io
n:
H
o
r
m
o
neCDK
4
6
i t
hera
py
Ho
r
m
o
n
eCDK4
6
i
th
e
r
ap
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
t
r
ea
tm
en
ts
o
n
b
r
e
ast
ca
n
ce
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
e
d
i
ct
s
u
itab
le
tr
ea
tm
en
t
as
Ho
r
m
o
n
eCDK4
6
i
th
er
ap
y
,
attr
ib
u
tes
an
d
th
e
ir
v
alu
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ic
tio
n
b
y
th
e
a
n
ch
o
r
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
an
c
h
o
r
tex
t
.
An
ch
o
r
tex
t
:
[
'
GAT
A3
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
4
2
.
0
0
<A
g
e
<=
5
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
2
.
0
0
<O
v
er
all_
T
u
m
o
r
_
Gr
ad
e
<=
3
.
0
0
'
,
'
HE
R
2
+
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Den
o
v
o
_
M
B
C
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
E
S
R
1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'FGFR
1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Alter
ed
<=
1
.
0
0
'
,
'
NF1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Me
ta
s
tatic_
Dz
<=
1
.
0
0
'
,
'F
OXA1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
T
P5
3
<=
1
.
0
0
'
,
'
L
u
m
in
alA
<=
1
.
0
0
'
,
'
L
u
m
in
alB
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
PTE
N
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Prio
r
_
B
r
ea
s
t_
Prim
ar
y
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
C
C
ND1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Mu
tatio
n
s
_
C
o
u
n
t
<=
4
.
0
0
'
,
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PIK
3
C
A
<=
0
.
0
0
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,
'
E
R
B
B
2
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
C
D
H1
<=
0
.
0
0
'
,
'
Prio
r
_
L
o
ca
l_
R
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
<=
0
.
0
0
'
]
Pre
cisi
o
n
: 0
.
1
5
8
4
7
6
6
5
8
4
7
6
6
5
8
4
8
C
o
v
er
ag
e:
0
.
0
0
8
4
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
io
n
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
io
n
:
H
o
r
m
o
n
e
C
D
K
4
6
i
th
e
r
a
p
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
o
r
p
a
t
i
en
t
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
f
o
l
lo
w
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
ac
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
:
G
A
T
A3
<=
0
.
0
0
ag
e
b
e
t
w
ee
n
4
2
a
n
d
5
0
↵
-
o
v
er
a
l
l
tu
m
o
r
g
r
a
d
e
b
e
t
w
ee
n
2
a
n
d
3
H
E
R
2
+
s
t
a
t
u
s
<
=
0
.
0
0
.
D
en
o
v
o
M
B
C
s
t
a
t
u
s
<
=
0
.
0
0
.
E
S
R
1
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
l
ev
e
l
<=
0
.
0
0
↵
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
a
s
p
e
r
a
n
ch
o
r
t
e
x
t
.
Pr
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
i
s
p
r
e
d
ic
t
io
n
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
e
l
y
a
t
1
5
.
8
5
%
w
i
t
h
a
c
o
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
o
n
l
y
0
.
8
4
%
.
5.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
XAI
an
d
an
ch
o
r
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
o
l
d
s
im
m
en
s
e
p
r
o
m
is
e
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
i
n
ess
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
e
d
icin
e
i
n
b
r
ea
s
t
ca
n
ce
r
.
B
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
AI
m
o
d
els,
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
em
p
o
we
r
clin
ician
s
an
d
p
atien
ts
to
m
ak
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
lead
in
g
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
atien
t
tr
u
s
t
in
t
h
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
ex
p
lain
ab
ilit
y
in
c
r
ea
tin
g
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
AI
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
o
v
e
r
s
tated
,
as
th
e
lack
o
f
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
k
ey
b
ar
r
ier
to
th
e
wid
er
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
e
x
p
lain
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
b
eh
in
d
AI
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
an
ch
o
r
s
m
eth
o
d
,
ca
n
f
o
s
ter
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
d
r
iv
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
b
etwe
en
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
an
d
p
atien
ts
.
So
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
clin
ically
r
elev
an
t
f
ea
tu
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
g
en
etic
m
ar
k
er
s
an
d
clin
ical
in
d
icato
r
s
,
in
to
th
e
ex
p
lan
ati
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
u
tili
ty
o
f
th
e
X
AI
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
alig
n
in
g
it
with
th
e
clin
ical
r
e
aso
n
in
g
p
atter
n
s
o
f
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als.
As
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
m
ed
icin
e
in
b
r
ea
s
t c
an
ce
r
co
n
tin
u
es to
e
v
o
lv
e,
th
e
s
y
n
er
g
is
tic
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
XAI
an
d
an
c
h
o
r
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es c
an
p
av
e
th
e
way
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
On
g
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
AI
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
,
clin
ician
s
,
an
d
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
b
o
d
ies
will
b
e
cr
u
c
ial
in
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
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[
27
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[
28
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