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C
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Nig
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d
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Up
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T
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Dep
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R
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State,
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v
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c
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1.
I
NT
RO
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T
h
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C
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-
1
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r
elate
d
g
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p
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s
p
r
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in
f
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s
illn
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[
1
]
.
T
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C
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1
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d
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2
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T
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C
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v
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[
5
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.
At
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Nig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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6
I
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b
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Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
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8
57
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8
65
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to
r
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C
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8
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R
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ay
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u
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t
ak
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[
9
]
.
So
cio
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
a
cto
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
an
d
eth
n
icity
,
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
ac
ce
p
tin
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
e
d
ical
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
10]
.
Data
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
h
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
ac
cin
at
io
n
r
ates,
with
th
e
s
o
u
th
er
n
s
tates
h
av
in
g
h
ig
h
er
r
ates
th
an
th
e
n
o
r
th
er
n
s
tates
an
d
h
ig
h
er
r
ates
in
u
r
b
a
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
with
in
s
tates,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
th
e
GAVI
-
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
ed
r
o
u
tin
e
im
m
u
n
iz
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
1
1
]
.
Facto
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
ci
n
atio
n
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
i
n
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
u
ch
as
s
ex
,
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
ag
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
r
elig
io
u
s
af
f
iliatio
n
ar
e
o
f
te
n
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
ci
n
atio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Acc
ep
tan
ce
was
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
p
r
e
d
icted
b
y
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
th
e
s
af
ety
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
v
ac
cin
atio
n
th
a
n
b
y
th
eir
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
[
1
3
]
.
R
elig
io
u
s
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
a
l
b
elief
s
g
r
ea
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
h
o
w
p
e
o
p
le
s
ee
k
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
1
4
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
s
o
m
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
in
Nig
er
ia
m
ay
b
e
r
elu
ctan
t
to
g
et
v
ac
cin
es
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
m
ed
ical
r
esear
ch
o
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
h
ea
lth
i
n
itiativ
es
[
1
5
]
.
Ma
n
y
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t,
eth
n
ic
ity
,
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
,
r
elig
io
u
s
b
elief
s
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
is
k
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ac
ce
s
s
,
f
ea
r
o
f
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
m
ed
ical
f
ac
ilit
ies,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
f
ait
h
in
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
,
co
u
l
d
af
f
ec
t
th
e
u
p
tak
e
o
f
v
ac
c
in
at
io
n
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
v
ac
cin
e
r
elu
ctan
ce
m
ay
also
b
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
f
alse
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
co
n
s
p
ir
ac
y
th
eo
r
ies,
an
d
a
lack
o
f
f
aith
i
n
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
an
d
m
ed
ical
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
[
1
6
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
9
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
atti
tu
d
e,
an
d
d
esire
to
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
wh
eth
e
r
th
ese
p
r
o
jecte
d
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
es
an
d
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ac
tu
al
v
ac
cin
e
ac
ce
p
ta
n
c
e
[
1
9
]
.
M
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
o
n
ly
b
ee
n
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
v
ac
cin
e
r
el
u
ctan
ce
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
th
o
s
e
o
n
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
wo
r
r
y
is
t
h
at
if
n
o
th
i
n
g
is
d
o
n
e,
r
elu
ctan
ce
to
g
et
a
n
i
m
m
u
n
izatio
n
co
u
l
d
tu
r
n
i
n
to
o
u
tr
ig
h
t
r
ef
u
s
al
o
r
co
n
tin
u
e
to
b
e
p
ass
iv
e
av
o
id
an
ce
[
2
1
]
.
W
h
at
is
less
clea
r
i
s
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
tr
aits
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
u
p
tak
er
s
an
d
h
o
w
to
cu
s
to
m
iz
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
f
it b
eh
a
v
io
r
a
l a
n
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
ex
p
an
d
in
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
f
ield
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
lik
ely
u
p
tak
er
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
ci
n
e
s
-
th
o
s
e
m
o
s
t
lik
ely
to
ac
c
ep
t
v
ac
cin
atio
n
in
a
n
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
h
av
e
em
er
g
e
d
as
a
cr
u
cial
ar
e
a
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
v
ac
c
in
e
u
p
tak
e
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
o
u
t
r
ea
ch
tactics.
Fo
r
a
v
ac
cin
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
b
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
k
n
o
w
wh
o
will
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
v
ac
ci
n
e,
wh
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
r
is
u
n
s
u
r
e,
an
d
wh
y
[
2
2
]
.
W
e
h
y
p
o
th
esized
th
at
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
esid
e
n
ce
,
ag
e,
s
ex
,
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el,
r
elig
io
u
s
af
f
iliatio
n
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
h
ea
lth
co
n
d
itio
n
,
a
n
d
av
ailab
il
ity
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ites
ar
e
m
ajo
r
p
r
e
d
icto
r
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
at
io
n
u
p
ta
k
e.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Study
des
ig
n a
nd
po
pu
l
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
as
a
s
u
r
v
ey
with
d
ata
g
ath
er
ed
v
ia
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
C
r
o
s
s
R
i
v
er
State
,
lo
ca
ted
in
So
u
th
-
s
o
u
th
Nig
er
ia
,
to
ass
ess
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
p
r
e
d
icto
r
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
Ma
r
ch
an
d
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les
(
ag
e
,
s
ex
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t,
m
a
r
ital
s
tatu
s
,
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
,
em
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
,
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ites
,
an
d
h
av
in
g
a
ch
r
o
n
ic
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
)
an
d
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
iab
le
(
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e)
u
s
in
g
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
E
lig
i
b
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
to
b
e
at
least
1
8
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
el
ig
ib
le
to
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e,
a
n
d
r
esid
e
in
th
e
s
e
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
u
r
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
th
e
s
tate.
Ad
u
lts
wh
o
g
av
e
th
eir
c
o
n
s
en
t
we
r
e
elig
ib
le
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
;
th
o
s
e
wh
o
r
ef
u
s
ed
wer
e
n
o
t.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple size
T
h
e
L
esli
e
Kis
h
f
o
r
m
u
la
was
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
(
1
9
6
5
)
f
o
r
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies,
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
o
r
m
al
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
et
at
1
.
9
6
,
o
r
a
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
,
an
esti
m
ated
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
3
3
%
as
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
[
2
3
]
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
esire
d
le
v
el
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
5
%.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
m
in
im
u
m
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
ea
ch
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t a
r
ea
was 3
7
3
,
a
n
d
7
4
6
f
o
r
t
h
e
two
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t a
r
ea
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
Likely
u
p
ta
ke
r
s
o
f th
e
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
va
cc
in
a
tio
n
s
in
C
r
o
s
s
R
iver
…
(
V
ero
n
ica
A
kwen
a
b
u
a
ye
Un
d
elikwo
)
1859
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
pro
ce
du
re
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
lti
-
s
ta
g
e
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
all
r
elev
an
t
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
es
en
ted
in
th
e
s
am
p
le,
th
e
s
tr
ati
f
ied
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
was
ad
o
p
ted
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
was
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
r
s
tr
ata
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
l
es
s
u
ch
as
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
(
u
r
b
a
n
,
r
u
r
al)
,
ag
e,
s
ex
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tatu
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
li
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
to
s
elec
t
two
(
an
u
r
b
an
an
d
a
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
)
o
f
t
h
e
s
ev
en
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ar
ea
s
(
C
alab
ar
Mu
n
icip
al
an
d
Od
u
k
p
an
i)
f
r
o
m
th
e
So
u
th
er
n
Sen
at
o
r
ial
d
is
tr
ict
o
f
C
r
o
s
s
R
iv
er
St
ate.
T
h
er
ea
f
ter
,
s
ix
co
m
m
u
n
ities
(
ea
ch
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
a
clu
s
ter
f
r
o
m
s
ix
p
o
liti
ca
l
war
d
s
)
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
two
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ar
ea
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
m
eth
o
d
.
W
h
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
s
am
p
le
d
i
v
e
r
s
ity
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
es
d
ata
co
llectio
n
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
r
eg
i
o
n
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
in
ea
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
u
s
in
g
c
o
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
.
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
o
n
g
,
v
ar
ied
,
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
u
p
tak
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
ati
o
n
in
C
r
o
s
s
R
iv
er
s
So
u
th
s
en
ato
r
ial
d
is
tr
ict.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n/s
t
ud
y
v
a
ria
bles
Sk
illed
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
ed
f
ield
d
ata
co
llecto
r
s
u
s
ed
a
p
r
e
-
test
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
co
n
d
u
ct
in
-
pe
r
s
o
n
in
ter
v
iews to
g
ath
er
d
ata.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
,
ag
e,
r
elig
io
n
,
an
d
s
ex
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
v
a
cc
in
atio
n
u
p
tak
e.
Als
o
,
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
ask
in
g
ab
o
u
t
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wo
r
k
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
m
u
n
izatio
n
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
o
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was c
lear
,
v
alid
,
an
d
r
eliab
le,
5
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als f
r
o
m
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
e
-
test
in
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
-
test
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
ch
an
g
es
w
er
e
ef
f
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llecto
r
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
two
-
d
a
y
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
to
f
am
iliar
ize
t
h
em
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
g
o
als,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
,
an
d
th
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le
was
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e,
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
wh
eth
er
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
ad
b
e
e
n
im
m
u
n
ized
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
we
r
e
th
e
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
c
e
(
C
alab
ar
Mu
n
icip
al
an
d
Od
u
k
p
an
i
)
,
s
ex
(
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale)
,
ag
e
(
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
less
t
h
an
2
4
y
ea
r
s
,
2
5
–
3
4
y
ea
r
s
,
3
5
–
4
4
y
ea
r
s
,
4
5
y
ea
r
s
o
r
m
o
r
e
)
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
(
s
in
g
le,
m
ar
r
ied
,
a
n
d
d
i
v
o
r
ce
d
/s
ep
ar
ated
/wid
o
wed
)
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
(
n
o
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
im
ar
y
,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
,
an
d
ter
tiar
y
)
,
r
elig
io
u
s
af
f
iliatio
n
(
C
h
r
is
tian
ity
,
I
s
lam
,
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
r
elig
i
o
n
,
o
th
er
s
)
,
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tatu
s
(
em
p
lo
y
ed
with
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
p
r
i
v
ate
s
ec
to
r
,
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
an
d
u
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
)
,
a
n
d
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ite
(
y
es
o
r
n
o
)
,
an
d
h
av
i
n
g
a
h
e
alth
co
n
d
itio
n
(
y
es,
n
o
,
an
d
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
)
.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
All
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
Stata
v
er
s
io
n
1
8
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
was
u
s
ed
to
s
u
m
m
a
r
ize
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
B
iv
ar
iate
an
aly
s
i
s
u
s
in
g
ch
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
s
tatis
tics
was
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
an
d
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
g
e,
s
ex
,
lo
ca
tio
n
,
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
,
r
elig
io
n
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tatu
s
,
a
n
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ites
.
A
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
is
ass
o
ciatio
n
.
T
h
e
b
est
-
f
it
o
p
tio
n
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
s
elec
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
ch
ec
k
ed
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ho
s
m
er
-
L
e
m
esh
o
w
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
tes
t,
p
=
0
.
4
1
.
Ad
ju
s
te
d
o
d
d
s
r
atio
s
(
AOR)
with
9
5
%
C
I
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
o
r
t th
e
r
esu
lts
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
in
d
icate
th
at
ju
s
t
o
v
er
h
alf
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
,
3
9
4
(
5
2
.
5
3
%)
wer
e
f
em
ale,
o
f
wh
o
m
5
1
.
8
7
%
wer
e
r
u
r
al
r
esid
en
ts
.
Als
o
,
3
4
5
(
4
6
%),
1
3
0
(
1
7
.
3
3
%),
an
d
1
7
1
(
2
2
.
8
%)
h
ad
ter
tiar
y
,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
,
an
d
p
r
i
m
ar
y
lev
e
ls
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
4
2
9
(
5
6
.
8
%)
wer
e
a
g
ed
4
5
an
d
ab
o
v
e,
4
0
9
(
5
4
.
5
3
%)
wer
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
m
ar
r
ied
wer
e
5
1
9
(
6
9
.
2
%)
.
T
ab
le
2
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
6
3
7
(
8
4
.
9
3
%)
h
ad
n
o
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
6
0
0
(
8
0
%)
h
ad
a
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ite
with
in
th
eir
lo
ca
lity
.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(n
=
5
0
8
,
%
=
6
7
.
7
)
h
ad
n
ev
er
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
o
f
th
e
ass
o
ci
atio
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t’
s
s
o
cio
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
e
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
(
4
2
%),
p
r
iv
ately
em
p
lo
y
ed
(
3
6
.
6
%),
o
r
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
ed
(
4
0
.
7
%)
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
b
etter
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
u
p
tak
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
wo
r
k
er
s
(
2
7
.
1
%),
wh
ich
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
p
=
0
.
0
0
9
.
T
h
is
was
also
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
ad
ju
s
ted
o
d
d
s
r
atio
o
f
v
ac
cin
a
tio
n
u
p
tak
e
in
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
(
u
s
in
g
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
-
em
p
lo
y
e
d
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
)
is
1
.
7
9
(
9
5
%
C
I
:1
.
0
9
-
2
.
9
4
;
p
<
0
.
0
2
2
)
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
o
d
d
s
r
atio
o
f
v
ac
cin
atio
n
u
p
ta
k
e
in
th
e
u
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
(
u
s
in
g
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
-
em
p
lo
y
e
d
as
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
)
is
1
.
9
0
(
9
5
%
C
I
:1
.
0
3
-
3
.
4
9
;
p
<0
.
0
4
)
.
All
th
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
o
d
d
s
r
atio
s
ar
e
a
d
ju
s
ted
f
o
r
ag
e,
s
ex
,
lo
ca
tio
n
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tatu
s
,
co
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
s
ites
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
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8
57
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8
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a
b
l
e
1
.
S
o
c
i
o
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r
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c
h
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r
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c
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o
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p
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c
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p
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C
O
V
I
D
-
19
v
a
c
c
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
a
t
u
s
[
N
=
7
5
0
]
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
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e
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u
e
n
c
y
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s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
u
p
tak
e
was
3
2
.
3
%
in
d
ic
atin
g
a
lo
w
lev
el
in
th
e
u
p
tak
e.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
o
n
ly
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
in
th
r
ee
ad
u
lts
h
ad
b
ee
n
v
ac
ci
n
ated
in
C
alab
ar
an
d
Od
u
k
p
an
i
L
o
ca
l
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
Ar
ea
s
o
f
C
r
o
s
s
R
i
v
er
State.
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
a
h
ig
h
er
r
ate
o
f
v
ac
c
in
e
u
p
tak
e
th
an
th
e
2
9
%
u
p
t
ak
e
r
ate
o
b
s
er
v
ed
am
o
n
g
ac
a
d
em
ics,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
an
d
p
o
s
ts
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
in
Nig
e
r
ia
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
r
ate
o
f
3
1
.
1
%
in
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
a
n
d
m
ed
ical
s
taf
f
in
a
g
en
e
r
al
h
o
s
p
ital
in
Nig
er
ia
[
2
5
]
;
also
,
two
-
th
ir
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
6
7
%)
am
o
n
g
Nig
er
ian
s
in
a
n
atio
n
ally
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le,
wer
e
n
o
t
v
ac
cin
ated
ag
ain
s
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
[
2
6
]
.
An
esti
m
ate
d
p
o
o
led
p
r
ev
ale
n
c
e
f
o
r
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
r
ate
am
o
n
g
Nig
er
ian
s
wh
ich
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
2
0
.
0
%
to
5
8
.
2
%
was
also
r
ep
o
r
te
d
[
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
is
m
u
ch
lo
wer
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
v
alu
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
a
g
e
r
iatr
ic
ce
n
ter
in
Nig
er
ia
wh
er
e
o
v
er
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wer
e
class
if
ied
as
n
o
t
h
esit
an
t,
h
av
i
n
g
h
ad
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
,
esp
ec
ially
am
o
n
g
eld
er
ly
in
d
iv
id
u
als
at
h
ig
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
f
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
lo
w
u
p
tak
e
r
ate
o
f
th
e
v
ac
cin
es
in
Nig
er
ia
r
ef
lects
th
e
p
u
b
lic'
s
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ir
u
s
an
d
att
itu
d
e
to
war
d
s
th
e
v
ac
cin
atio
n
.
A
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
y
in
Nig
er
ia
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
o
n
e
ex
p
l
an
atio
n
o
f
f
e
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
lack
o
f
in
ter
est
in
test
in
g
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
th
at
th
er
e
was
wid
esp
r
ea
d
"d
is
b
elief
"
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
'
s
ex
is
ten
ce
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
ac
c
ep
tan
c
e
o
f
v
ac
cin
atio
n
h
as
alwa
y
s
b
ee
n
m
et
with
h
esit
an
cy
in
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
ese
ca
n
b
e
d
e
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
ac
cin
e
h
esit
an
ce
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ality
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
lace
d
id
n
o
t
b
eliev
e
in
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
d
u
e
to
s
ev
er
al
m
y
th
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
'
s
ex
i
s
ten
ce
in
Nig
er
ia
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
f
in
d
in
g
to
em
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
is
th
at
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tatu
s
an
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
ta
k
e
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
co
r
r
elate
d
,
with
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
n
d
u
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
p
eo
p
le
s
h
o
win
g
h
i
g
h
er
v
ac
cin
atio
n
lik
elih
o
o
d
t
h
an
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
th
e
im
m
u
n
izatio
n
was
1
.
7
9
tim
es
h
ig
h
er
f
o
r
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
ed
p
e
o
p
le
an
d
1
.
9
0
tim
es
h
ig
h
er
f
o
r
u
n
em
p
lo
y
e
d
p
eo
p
le.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
v
ac
cin
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
m
ay
b
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
an
d
s
o
c
io
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
y
also
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
v
ac
cin
e
b
eh
av
io
r
ac
r
o
s
s
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
W
o
r
k
p
lace
lim
itatio
n
s
o
r
s
ch
ed
u
les
m
ay
b
e
less
o
f
a
b
ar
r
ier
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
v
is
it
im
m
u
n
iza
tio
n
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
ea
r
l
ier
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
v
ac
cin
atio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
in
a
s
tu
d
y
am
o
n
g
civ
il
s
er
v
a
n
ts
in
Nig
er
ia,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
d
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ir
u
s
an
d
v
ac
cin
atio
n
,
two
-
f
if
t
h
s
o
f
th
em
wer
e
n
o
t
f
u
lly
v
ac
ci
n
ated
,
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
v
ac
cin
atio
n
was
r
eq
u
ir
ed
i
n
s
ev
er
al
o
f
th
e
s
tates
wh
er
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
d
if
f
er
e
d
with
a
r
ev
iew
[
3
2
]
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
lo
wer
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
r
ate
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
o
u
t
jo
b
s
a
n
d
th
o
s
e
with
lo
wer
in
co
m
es.
T
h
es
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
c
ted
in
Nig
er
ia,
wh
ic
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
o
th
er
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
wer
e
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
e
d
o
r
wh
o
s
e
m
o
n
th
ly
in
co
m
e
was
ab
o
v
e
th
e
3
0
,
0
0
0
Nair
a
n
atio
n
al
m
in
im
u
m
s
alar
y
wer
e
m
o
r
e
lik
e
ly
to
b
e
im
m
u
n
ized
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
m
ay
b
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
eir
jo
b
s
wh
ich
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ir
ec
t
c
o
n
tact
with
clien
ts
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
an
d
,
m
ig
h
t
also
in
d
icate
m
o
r
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
in
m
ak
in
g
im
m
u
n
izatio
n
ap
p
o
in
tm
en
ts
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
wo
r
k
er
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
b
y
co
m
p
a
n
y
r
u
les.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l a
d
h
er
en
ce
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
im
m
u
n
izatio
n
,
th
e
Nig
er
ian
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t h
a
s
b
ee
n
k
n
o
wn
to
im
p
o
s
e
m
a
n
d
at
o
r
y
v
ac
ci
n
atio
n
s
o
n
its
p
o
p
u
la
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ir
ec
tiv
es
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
i
s
r
esu
lt
is
co
n
tr
ar
y
to
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
co
n
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u
cted
in
Nig
er
ia,
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
elf
-
em
p
lo
y
ed
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ac
ce
p
ted
v
ac
cin
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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em
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[
1
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A
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n
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th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
v
ac
cin
e
h
as a
co
s
t [
1
1
]
.
C
o
n
tr
ar
y
to
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
f
in
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
,
ag
e,
s
ex
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t,
r
eli
g
io
n
,
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
ites
,
an
d
h
av
in
g
a
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
with
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
ci
n
e
in
b
o
th
th
e
b
iv
ar
iate
an
d
m
u
ltiv
ar
iate
an
aly
s
is
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
e
n
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
s
lik
e
s
ex
,
ag
e,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
r
elig
io
n
,
an
d
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
an
d
v
ac
cin
atio
n
u
p
t
ak
e
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
[
1
1
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
'
s
r
e
s
u
lts
,
h
o
wev
er
,
d
e
v
iate
f
r
o
m
th
ese
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
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b
y
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en
tif
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g
em
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lo
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en
t
s
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s
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th
e
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im
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o
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tan
t
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to
r
.
T
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co
n
s
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ten
cy
m
ay
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e
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
'
s
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
cio
e
co
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
as
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
m
ay
h
av
e
a
g
r
ea
ter
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
ac
ce
s
s
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices
th
an
o
th
e
r
v
ar
ia
b
les.
T
h
is
lack
o
f
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
em
p
h
asizes
h
o
w
co
m
p
lex
an
d
s
itu
atio
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
ac
cin
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
eh
av
i
or
ar
e.
W
h
at
is
cu
r
io
u
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
th
at
a
g
e
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
e
n
t
ar
e
t
wo
f
ac
to
r
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
v
ac
c
in
atio
n
u
p
tak
e
in
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
is
o
u
tc
o
m
e
is
co
n
tr
ar
y
to
a
s
tu
d
y
in
Nig
er
ia,
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
th
o
s
e
wh
o
wer
e
6
0
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ag
e
o
r
o
ld
e
r
an
d
h
ad
h
ig
h
er
lev
e
ls
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
we
r
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
h
a
v
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
[
2
6
]
.
R
ep
o
r
ts
o
f
s
ex
-
b
ased
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
in
v
ac
cin
atio
n
u
p
tak
e
in
th
e
s
tate
o
f
Ar
k
an
s
as
in
th
e
Un
ite
d
State
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
wo
m
en
wer
e
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
th
an
m
en
to
b
e
h
esit
an
t a
b
o
u
t g
ettin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
im
m
u
n
izatio
n
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
ea
r
lier
f
in
d
in
g
s
wh
ich
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
r
elig
io
n
,
m
ale
g
en
d
e
r
,
tr
ib
e/eth
n
icity
,
p
lace
o
f
r
esid
en
ce
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
co
r
r
elate
d
with
v
ac
cin
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
r
u
p
tak
e
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
7
]
,
h
o
wev
er
,
th
is
d
o
es
n
o
t
a
p
p
ea
r
to
b
e
t
h
e
ca
s
e
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Ag
e,
s
ex
,
r
ac
e,
a
n
d
ed
u
c
atio
n
all
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
'
at
titu
d
es
to
war
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
an
d
g
en
er
al
v
ac
cin
es;
y
o
u
n
g
er
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
an
d
th
o
s
e
with
lo
wer
in
co
m
es
an
d
lev
e
ls
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ex
p
r
ess
ed
m
o
r
e
h
esit
an
cy
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
in
a
s
tu
d
y
in
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
Nig
er
ia,
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
r
e
lu
ctan
ce
was
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
c
o
r
r
elate
d
with
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
:
ag
e,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
in
t
h
e
C
h
r
is
tian
f
aith
[
3
5
]
.
Yo
u
n
g
er
m
em
b
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
th
an
o
l
d
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
to
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
v
ac
cin
a
tio
n
,
ev
er
m
ar
r
ied
m
em
b
er
s
ex
h
ib
ited
g
r
ea
ter
h
esit
an
cy
th
an
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
'
s
n
ev
er
m
ar
r
ied
m
em
b
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Pen
teco
s
tals
an
d
Sab
b
ath
ar
ian
s
,
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e
was
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
b
e
ac
ce
p
te
d
b
y
R
o
m
an
C
ath
o
lics
an
d
Pro
test
an
ts
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
i
d
e
a
o
f
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
w
h
o
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
r
elig
io
n
an
d
v
ac
cin
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
in
Un
ited
State
s
an
d
C
an
ad
a.
Als
o
,
th
is
al
ig
n
s
with
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
[
4
0
]
wh
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
m
ar
ital statu
s
an
d
g
en
d
er
wer
e
n
o
t sig
n
if
ican
tl
y
r
elate
d
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
u
p
tak
e
in
R
u
s
s
ia.
A
m
ajo
r
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
s
elec
tin
g
elig
ib
le
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
wh
ich
was
also
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
in
a
s
tu
d
y
[
4
1
]
,
r
e
s
u
lts
in
s
am
p
le
s
elec
tio
n
b
ias.
C
au
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
in
f
er
en
ce
is
lim
ited
b
y
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
Als
o
,
s
o
cial
d
esira
b
ilit
y
b
ias
an
d
r
ec
o
llectio
n
b
ias
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Desp
ite
its
lim
itatio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ce
r
tain
ly
ad
d
s
to
o
u
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
-
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
th
e
u
p
tak
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
e.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
et
o
u
t
to
e
x
am
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
o
ci
o
-
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
v
a
r
iab
les
an
d
th
e
u
p
ta
k
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
atio
n
.
W
ith
th
e
lo
w
u
p
tak
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
v
ac
cin
es,
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
co
n
tin
u
e
d
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
v
a
cc
in
atio
n
u
p
tak
e
r
ate
b
y
all
s
e
g
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
po
p
u
latio
n
.
Als
o
,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
an
d
o
th
er
r
ele
v
an
t
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
d
ev
el
o
p
ta
r
g
et
ed
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
aim
e
d
at
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e.
W
h
en
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ac
cin
es,
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
iv
en
to
v
ar
iab
les
o
th
er
th
an
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
ad
o
p
t
th
e
I
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ex
am
in
e
h
o
w
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
e
s
o
cieta
l,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
to
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
v
ac
cin
e
u
p
tak
e
will n
ee
d
to
b
e
u
n
d
er
t
ak
e
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.