I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
, pp.
1
099
~
1
110
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v14.
i
4
.
pp1
099
-
1
110
1099
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
ae
s
c
or
e
.c
om
D
e
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
of
a l
e
ak
age
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
on
an
d
al
e
r
t
sys
t
e
m
f
or
l
i
q
u
e
f
i
e
d
p
e
t
r
ol
e
u
m
gas
vi
a a
m
ob
i
l
e
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
Wae
l
A
. S
al
ah
,
A
n
e
e
s
A
b
u
S
n
e
in
e
h
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng, C
ol
l
e
ge
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy,
P
a
l
e
s
t
i
ne
T
e
c
hni
c
a
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
-
K
a
door
i
e
,
T
ul
ka
r
m
, P
a
l
e
s
t
i
ne
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
J
a
n 7
,
2025
R
e
vi
s
e
d
A
ug 30
,
2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
S
e
p 21
,
2025
Nowadays,
ensuring
the
comfort
and
safety
of
house
users
is
a
top
p
riority,
and
this
may
be
accomplished
by
implementing
smart
technology
to
lead
a
convenient
and safe l
ife. Leakage
of
liquefied pe
troleum gas
(LPG), w
hich is
mostly
utilized
in
the
home
kitchen
for
cooking,
is
one
of
the
frequen
t
risks.
Using
a
gas
sensing
device,
a
gas
control
system,
and
w
ireless
communi
cation
units,
the
goal
of
this
study
is
to
create
an
LPG
gas
l
eakage
warning
and
management
system
to
prevent
the
gas
from
exploding
by
de
tecting
the
leak.
When
LPG
gas
is
brought
near
the
sensor,
it
dete
cts
the
leakage
and
the
buzzer
is
activated
by
activating
the
audio
-
visual
alar
m
and
closing
the
gas
cylinder
valve.
The
system
a
lso
generates
alert
messag
es
and
sen
ds
them
to
the
fire
station
when
the
LPG
gas
leakage
has
rea
ched
a
critical
level.
Testing
results
of
the
proposed
LPG
leakage
system
s
how
a
satisfactory
performanc
e
of
the
developed
device
with
a
quick
respo
nse
to
LPG
gas
leakage.
In
addition,
powerful
audio
and
visual
alar
ms
are
activated.
An
immedi
ate
message
was
sent
to
homeowners
and
t
he
fire
station
department
regarding
the
leakage
incident
to
prevent
the
risk
of
gas
leakage
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
G
a
s
l
e
a
ka
ge
L
iq
ue
f
ie
d pe
tr
ol
e
um
ga
s
M
oni
to
r
in
g s
ys
te
m
S
m
a
r
tp
hone
W
a
r
ni
ng s
ys
te
m
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
W
a
e
l
A
. S
a
la
h
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g, C
ol
le
ge
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy
P
a
le
s
ti
ne
T
e
c
hni
c
a
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
-
K
a
door
ie
Y
a
f
a
S
tr
e
e
t,
T
ul
ka
r
m
, P
a
le
s
ti
ne
E
m
a
il
:
w
a
e
l.
s
a
la
h@
pt
uk.e
du.ps
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
C
ur
r
e
nt
ly
,
te
c
hnol
ogy
is
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
in
a
lm
os
t
e
ve
r
y
a
s
pe
c
t
of
d
a
il
y
li
f
e
to
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
th
e
c
om
f
or
t
a
nd
s
a
f
e
ty
of
hous
e
us
e
r
s
,
r
e
f
le
c
ti
ng
th
e
hi
gh
c
onve
ni
e
nc
e
of
c
ont
e
m
por
a
r
y
li
f
e
s
ty
le
s
[
1]
,
[
2
]
.
T
he
da
il
y
us
e
of
va
r
io
us
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
le
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
to
a
s
s
is
t
us
e
r
s
in
e
xe
c
ut
in
g
du
ti
e
s
s
m
oot
hl
y
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
[
3]
,
[
4]
.
O
ne
of
th
e
m
a
in
goa
ls
is
to
ke
e
p
pe
opl
e
s
e
c
ur
e
a
nd
c
om
f
or
ta
bl
e
in
th
e
ir
hom
e
s
.
T
he
m
a
jo
r
it
y
of
pe
opl
e
'
s
ti
m
e
is
s
pe
nt
a
t
hom
e
.
T
he
ir
hous
e
s
s
e
r
ve
a
s
bot
h
a
c
c
om
m
oda
ti
on
a
nd
a
pl
a
c
e
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
ir
ne
c
e
s
s
it
ie
s
.
A
pa
r
tm
e
nt
s
th
a
t
a
c
c
om
m
oda
te
th
e
ir
de
m
a
nds
a
nd
m
a
ke
e
v
e
r
yda
y
c
hor
e
s
e
a
s
ie
r
a
r
e
s
ought
a
f
te
r
by
m
a
ny.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
th
e
s
e
r
e
s
id
e
nc
e
s
ne
e
d
s
a
f
e
gu
a
r
ds
a
ga
in
s
t
a
ny
th
r
e
a
ts
.
T
hi
s
is
a
c
c
om
pl
is
he
d
by
th
e
us
e
of
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
nd
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
s
,
s
m
a
r
t
de
vi
c
e
s
,
a
nd
s
e
n
s
or
s
to
f
or
e
s
e
e
pos
s
ib
le
r
is
k
s
.
R
e
s
id
e
nt
s
f
e
e
l
m
or
e
c
onf
id
e
nt
a
nd
tr
us
ti
ng
w
he
n
th
e
s
e
te
c
hni
que
s
a
r
e
us
e
d.
T
he
s
e
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,
w
hi
c
h
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
c
om
f
or
t
a
t
hom
e
,
ha
ve
be
c
om
e
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
m
ode
r
n l
iv
in
g.
T
he
im
p
le
m
e
n
ta
t
io
n
of
n
e
w
te
c
hn
ol
ogi
e
s
r
e
a
li
z
e
d
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
to
o
ls
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
ho
m
e
s
t
o
a
c
h
ie
ve
c
om
f
o
r
t
a
bl
e
l
iv
in
g
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
e
ns
u
r
i
ng
ha
z
a
r
d
-
f
r
e
e
h
om
e
s
[
5
]
.
S
m
a
r
t
ho
m
e
te
c
hn
ol
og
ie
s
a
u
to
m
a
te
va
r
io
us
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
o
f
t
he
h
om
e
e
nv
i
r
on
m
e
n
t,
in
te
g
r
a
ti
ng
de
vi
c
e
s
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
or
s
to
p
r
o
duc
e
a
m
or
e
c
on
ve
n
ie
n
t,
e
f
f
i
c
ie
nt
,
a
nd s
a
f
e
h
um
a
n
li
vi
ng s
pa
c
e
t
hr
ou
gh
th
e
i
r
a
bi
li
ty
t
o
m
on
it
o
r
a
nd
m
i
ti
ga
t
e
p
ot
e
nt
ia
l
h
a
z
a
r
ds
[
6]
.
I
n
a
d
di
ti
on,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1099
-
1110
1100
th
e
us
e
o
f
s
m
a
r
t
hom
e
a
dv
a
nc
e
d
te
c
hn
ol
og
ie
s
s
ys
t
e
m
s
o
f
f
e
r
s
th
e
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
to
m
on
it
or
a
nd
c
on
tr
ol
,
a
ll
ow
i
ng
ho
m
e
ow
ne
r
s
to
r
e
m
ot
e
ly
m
a
na
g
e
th
e
ir
h
om
e
u
ti
li
z
in
g
s
m
a
r
tp
hon
e
s
a
nd
ot
he
r
s
pe
c
i
a
l
-
p
ur
pos
e
c
ont
r
ol
de
v
ic
e
s
[
7]
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
of
va
r
io
u
s
c
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
s
w
i
th
us
e
r
-
f
r
ie
ndl
y
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
s
f
a
c
il
it
a
t
e
s
t
he
a
d
va
nc
e
m
e
n
t
of
hi
gh
ly
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
c
o
nt
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
8]
,
[
9]
.
A
c
om
p
ut
e
r
i
s
pr
i
m
a
r
il
y
us
e
d
f
or
c
on
tr
ol
ba
s
e
d
o
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
l
gor
i
th
m
te
c
hn
iq
u
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
a
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
f
or
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
pr
e
d
ic
t
io
n
of
c
o
de
s
m
e
ll
s
[
10]
. R
a
pi
d
a
dv
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
s
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
of
f
e
r
a
dv
a
n
ta
ge
s
f
or
a
do
pt
i
ng
in
te
gr
a
te
d
e
m
be
dde
d
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
nt
r
o
ll
e
r
s
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
i
a
l
o
pe
r
a
t
io
n
s
[
11]
,
[
12]
.
M
or
e
ov
e
r
,
t
he
ne
e
d
f
or
s
uc
h
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
nt
r
ol
l
e
r
s
to
b
e
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
i
n
m
e
di
c
a
l
a
ppl
ic
a
t
io
n
s
,
in
w
hi
c
h
th
e
y
m
o
s
t
ly
r
e
qu
ir
e
a
hi
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
of
pr
e
c
i
s
io
n
a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
[
4]
,
[
1
3]
.
A
n e
x
a
m
pl
e
of
s
uc
h
hi
ghl
y
r
i
s
k
y
c
o
ndi
ti
o
n
s
is
t
h
e
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
of
pa
t
ie
nt
s
in
th
e
qu
a
r
a
nt
i
ne
d r
oom
s
dur
in
g
t
he
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9 p
a
n
de
m
i
c
[
1
4]
,
[
1
5]
.
A
m
o
ng t
he
c
o
m
m
o
n h
ou
s
e
hol
d d
a
n
ge
r
s
is
th
e
l
e
a
ka
ge
of
li
qu
e
f
i
e
d pe
tr
ol
e
um
g
a
s
(
L
P
G
),
w
hi
c
h
i
s
us
e
d
in
k
it
c
h
e
n
s
f
or
c
o
ok
in
g
[
1
6]
,
[
17]
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
th
is
is
s
ue
c
oul
d
be
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
th
r
ough
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
ga
s
s
e
ns
or
s
to
de
te
c
t
th
e
le
a
k
of
L
P
G
ga
s
th
a
t
c
oul
d
c
a
us
e
r
is
ks
of
f
ir
e
s
,
e
xpl
os
io
ns
,
in
a
ddi
ti
on
to
he
a
lt
h
ha
z
a
r
ds
i
n
hom
e
us
e
r
s
[
18]
,
[
19]
.
T
h
e
s
e
n
s
or
s
c
ou
ld
m
o
ni
t
or
th
e
s
ur
r
o
undi
ng
a
ir
q
ua
l
it
y
t
o
c
a
p
tu
r
e
a
n
y
le
a
ks
o
f
L
P
G
[
20]
.
I
n
a
dd
it
i
on,
o
nc
e
a
l
e
a
ka
ge
h
a
z
a
r
d
i
s
d
e
t
e
c
te
d,
a
n a
c
ti
o
n
is
t
o
b
e
t
a
ke
n t
o
m
it
ig
a
t
e
t
hi
s
ha
z
a
r
d
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
a
n
a
ut
om
a
t
e
d
a
l
a
r
m
,
c
ut
ti
n
g
of
f
th
e
g
a
s
s
u
pp
ly
,
a
nd
c
a
ll
in
g
f
o
r
e
m
e
r
ge
n
c
y
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
[
2
1]
,
[
22]
.
G
a
s
l
e
a
ka
ge
c
a
us
e
s
va
r
io
us
a
c
c
id
e
nt
s
[
23]
a
nd ma
y s
om
e
ti
m
e
s
l
e
a
d t
o di
s
a
s
te
r
s
[
24]
, pr
ope
r
ty
l
os
s
e
s
,
a
nd
hum
a
n
in
ju
r
ie
s
[
25]
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
de
a
th
s
du
e
to
g
a
s
c
yl
in
de
r
e
xpl
os
io
n
s
ha
s
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
in
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
[
26]
,
[
27
]
.
T
he
c
a
u
s
e
s
o
f
s
uc
h
e
xpl
o
s
io
n
s
a
r
e
c
or
r
o
s
i
on
in
w
or
n
v
a
l
ve
s
a
nd
ga
s
r
e
g
ul
a
to
r
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
m
is
u
s
e
a
nd
la
c
k
of
m
a
i
nt
e
n
a
n
c
e
of
ol
d
g
a
s
c
yl
in
d
e
r
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
s
e
r
i
s
k
s
[
28]
.
T
o
a
voi
d
t
he
s
e
r
is
k
s
,
w
e
m
u
s
t
ha
v
e
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o d
e
te
c
t
a
nd
w
a
r
n
of
s
u
c
h r
i
s
k
s
[
27]
,
[
29]
.
I
n
a
dd
i
ti
on
t
o a
vo
id
i
ng
f
in
a
n
c
i
a
l
lo
s
s
e
s
a
nd
pr
ot
e
c
ti
n
g
s
o
c
i
e
t
y m
e
m
be
r
s
[
30]
–
[
3
2]
.
T
h
e
b
a
s
ic
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
of
L
P
G
i
s
hy
dr
o
c
a
r
bo
n
s
c
o
nt
a
in
in
g
t
hr
e
e
or
f
o
ur
c
a
r
bo
n
a
t
om
s
.
T
h
e
n
a
tu
r
a
l
c
om
po
ne
nt
s
of
L
P
G
a
r
e
pr
op
a
n
e
(
C
3
H
8
)
,
b
ut
a
n
e
(
C
4
H
10
)
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
hydr
oc
a
r
bon
s
i
n
s
m
a
l
l
c
o
nc
e
n
tr
a
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
ot
he
r
h
ydr
oc
a
r
bon
c
om
pon
e
n
t
s
of
L
P
G
d
e
p
e
nd
o
n
th
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
of
t
he
L
P
G
a
n
d
how
i
t
is
pr
od
uc
e
d
[
3
3]
.
O
n
e
of
th
e
m
a
in
s
our
c
e
s
of
ur
b
a
n
n
on
-
m
e
t
ha
n
e
hydr
o
c
a
r
bon
s
(
N
M
H
C
s
)
i
n
th
e
a
ir
i
s
u
nbur
ne
d
L
P
G
l
e
a
k
s
.
R
e
du
c
i
ng
L
P
G
l
e
a
k
s
h
e
l
ps
to
im
pr
o
ve
t
he
qu
a
li
ty
of
t
h
e
lo
c
a
l
a
ir
[
3
4]
.
I
n
or
d
e
r
to
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
s
t
op
s
im
il
a
r
oc
c
ur
r
e
n
c
e
s
f
r
om
h
a
pp
e
n
in
g
a
ga
in
,
a
L
P
G
d
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
w
a
s
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
us
in
g
a
s
t
r
a
i
gh
tf
or
w
a
r
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
ti
c
i
nc
id
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
s
is
to
ol
.
I
n
or
d
e
r
t
o c
a
pt
ur
e
c
om
m
on
c
a
u
s
e
-
a
nd
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
p
a
t
te
r
ns
th
a
t
a
r
is
e
a
n
yt
i
m
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
ti
c
e
v
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
i
s
is
a
ppl
ie
d t
o t
he
w
a
y
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
s
o
c
c
ur
[
23
]
.
H
a
z
a
r
do
us
to
x
ic
ga
s
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
ni
tr
oge
n
d
io
xi
de
(
N
O
2
)
,
c
a
r
bo
n
m
ono
xi
de
(
C
O
)
,
oz
one
(
O
3
)
,
s
u
lf
ur
di
o
xi
de
(
S
O
2
)
,
L
P
G
,
h
yd
r
oc
a
r
bo
n
ga
s
e
s
,
s
il
ic
one
s
(S
i
)
,
h
yd
r
oc
a
r
bo
ns
,
a
lc
o
hol
s
,
m
e
th
a
ne
(
CH
4
)
,
he
xa
ne
,
a
nd
b
e
nz
e
ne
,
m
us
t
ha
ve
a
s
ys
te
m
r
e
s
po
ns
ib
le
f
o
r
m
on
it
or
i
ng
a
n
d
c
o
nt
r
o
ll
in
g
t
he
m
a
nd
e
nv
i
r
on
m
e
n
ta
l
c
ond
it
io
ns
,
s
uc
h
a
s
te
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
r
e
la
t
iv
e
h
um
id
it
y
to
p
r
e
ve
nt
pot
e
n
ti
a
l
a
c
c
i
de
n
ts
due
to
t
he
da
nge
r
o
f
th
e
s
e
ga
s
e
s
.
A
lt
ho
ugh
t
he
to
xi
c
ga
s
is
n
ot
po
is
o
nous
,
it
c
a
n
p
os
e
a
s
e
r
io
us
r
is
k
if
it
le
a
k
s
[
3
5]
.
I
f
th
e
L
P
G
le
a
ks
,
it
s
va
po
r
s
c
ou
ld
be
m
o
ve
d
f
o
r
lo
ng
di
s
ta
n
c
e
s
a
lo
ng
t
h
e
g
r
o
und
b
y
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
y
c
a
n
be
c
o
ll
e
c
te
d
in
dr
a
in
s
or
ba
s
e
m
e
n
ts
c
yl
in
d
e
r
s
th
a
t
c
a
n
e
xp
lo
d
e
d
ue
t
o
f
i
r
e
[
36
]
.
A
s
w
e
ll
,
L
P
G
le
a
k
h
a
s
a
h
e
a
l
th
im
pa
c
t
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
c
a
us
e
c
ol
d
b
u
r
ns
to
th
e
s
k
in
,
a
nd
it
c
a
n
a
c
t
a
s
a
n
a
s
phy
xi
a
n
t
a
t
h
ig
h
c
o
nc
e
n
t
r
a
t
io
ns
[
19
]
,
[
37
]
.
A
s
t
he
h
yd
r
oc
a
r
bons
a
nd
o
th
e
r
c
he
m
ic
a
ls
o
f
t
he
L
P
G
c
a
us
e
ve
r
y
lo
n
g
s
le
e
p
a
nd
a
ls
o
c
a
us
e
a
n
i
r
r
i
ta
te
d
r
e
s
p
ir
a
t
or
y
tr
a
c
t
, n
os
e
,
a
n
d e
ye
s
[
3
8]
–
[
40
]
.
I
n
th
is
pa
pe
r
,
a
ga
s
le
a
k
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
is
de
s
ig
ne
d
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
to
r
e
du
c
e
c
a
s
ua
lt
ie
s
a
nd
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
hi
s
s
ys
te
m
is
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
,
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
,
a
nd
s
e
ns
it
iv
e
to
de
te
c
t
c
ooki
ng
ga
s
L
P
G
le
a
ka
ge
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
s
ys
t
e
m
us
e
s
a
s
m
a
r
tp
hone
a
nd
A
r
dui
no
U
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
to
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
th
r
ough
a
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
it
h
th
e
hom
e
r
e
s
id
e
nt
s
'
phone
s
to
a
le
r
t
th
e
m
a
nd
s
e
nd
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
s
to
th
e
c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
pa
r
tm
e
nt
f
or
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
a
c
ti
va
te
s
a
vi
s
ua
l
a
nd
a
udi
bl
e
a
la
r
m
f
or
th
e
r
e
s
id
e
nt
s
of
th
e
a
r
e
a
.
A
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
a
bi
li
ty
to
s
e
n
s
e
ga
s
le
a
ka
g
e
,
c
lo
s
e
th
e
ga
s
s
our
c
e
va
lv
e
,
a
nd
a
c
ti
va
te
t
he
ki
tc
he
n hood to get r
id
of
t
he
l
e
a
ki
ng ga
s
i
n t
he
ho
m
e
.
T
he
b
a
s
ic
o
pe
r
a
t
io
n
a
nd
t
he
f
u
nc
ti
ona
li
ty
o
f
t
he
pr
op
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
a
r
e
de
m
ons
t
r
a
te
d
in
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
he
o
pe
r
a
t
io
n
bl
oc
k
d
ia
g
r
a
m
i
ll
us
t
r
a
t
e
s
th
e
s
ys
te
m
f
l
ow
f
r
o
m
one
a
c
ti
vi
ty
t
o
a
no
th
e
r
.
T
h
e
c
on
tr
ol
f
l
ow
f
r
om
o
ne
o
pe
r
a
t
io
n
to
a
no
th
e
r
i
s
w
e
l
l
de
s
c
r
ib
e
d.
T
h
is
f
l
ow
c
a
n
be
s
e
que
nt
ia
l,
br
a
nc
he
d
,
o
r
c
onc
u
r
r
e
nt
.
I
t
c
a
p
tu
r
e
s
t
he
dy
na
m
ic
be
h
a
vi
o
r
o
f
t
he
s
ys
te
m
us
e
d
t
o
s
h
ow
th
e
m
e
s
s
a
ge
f
lo
w
f
r
om
o
ne
a
c
t
iv
it
y
to
a
not
he
r
.
T
he
s
ys
te
m
c
o
nt
r
o
ll
e
r
tu
r
ns
on
t
he
r
i
gh
t
de
v
ic
e
s
th
a
t
w
i
ll
ta
k
e
th
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
s
te
ps
to
s
to
p
a
n
y
pos
s
i
bl
e
ha
z
a
r
d
a
nd
p
r
o
duc
e
th
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
w
a
r
ni
ngs
a
n
d
a
le
r
ts
b
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
p
r
e
c
is
e
in
put
s
t
ha
t
h
a
ve
be
e
n
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y s
e
ns
o
r
s
.
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n
L
P
G
le
a
k
de
te
c
ti
on
a
nd
a
le
r
t
s
ys
te
m
,
w
it
h
a
de
ta
il
e
d
e
xpl
a
na
ti
on.
T
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
s
e
c
ti
ons
de
s
c
r
ib
e
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
th
e
L
P
G
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
a
de
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
of
th
e
m
a
in
c
om
pone
nt
s
a
nd
f
unc
ti
ons
of
th
e
pr
opo
s
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
unc
ti
ona
l
te
s
ti
ng,
op
e
r
a
ti
on,
a
nd va
li
da
ti
on of
t
he
pr
opos
e
d de
s
ig
n a
r
e
a
l
s
o pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
A
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e
v
e
lo
pm
e
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of
a l
e
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age
d
e
te
c
ti
on and aler
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
l
iq
ue
fi
e
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tr
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gas
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(
W
ae
l
A
. Sal
ah)
1101
F
ig
ur
e
1
.
L
P
G
l
e
a
k de
te
c
ti
on s
ys
te
m
bl
oc
k
di
a
gr
a
m
2.
S
Y
S
T
E
M
H
A
R
D
WA
R
E
D
E
S
C
R
I
P
T
I
O
N
T
he
p
r
im
a
r
y
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts
of
t
he
s
ug
ge
s
te
d
s
ys
te
m
w
il
l
be
il
lu
s
t
r
a
te
d
in
t
hi
s
s
e
c
t
io
n.
T
he
s
e
c
om
pon
e
nt
s
a
r
e
i
nt
e
gr
a
te
d
in
to
b
ot
h
pa
r
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
L
P
G
le
a
k
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
ys
te
m
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
pa
r
t
of
th
e
p
r
o
je
c
t
is
m
a
i
nl
y
c
om
pos
e
d
of
t
he
A
r
du
in
o,
a
g
lo
ba
l
s
ys
te
m
f
o
r
m
ob
il
e
(
G
S
M
)
m
o
du
le
,
a
nd
th
e
s
e
ns
o
r
,
w
h
ic
h
is
pow
e
r
e
d
by
t
he
A
r
du
in
o
boa
r
d
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
nd
pa
r
t
us
e
s
w
ir
e
le
s
s
c
o
m
m
un
ic
a
ti
o
n
r
a
di
o
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
(
R
F
)
c
om
pos
e
d
of
(
e
nc
o
de
r
,
B
lu
e
to
ot
h,
a
nd
R
F
)
a
r
e
pow
e
r
e
d
f
r
om
t
he
ba
t
te
r
y.
T
he
B
lu
e
t
oot
h
m
od
ul
e
c
o
nne
c
ts
th
e
A
r
d
ui
no
w
i
th
th
e
m
ob
il
e
a
p
pl
ic
a
ti
on
to
in
pu
t
th
e
us
e
r
da
ta
,
pho
ne
nu
m
be
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
G
P
S
c
oo
r
di
n
a
te
s
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
pa
r
t
,
w
h
ic
h
is
po
w
e
r
e
d
f
r
om
a
12
V
li
th
i
um
ba
t
te
r
y
,
m
a
in
ly
i
nc
l
ude
s
th
e
(
r
e
la
y,
de
c
o
de
r
,
a
nd
R
F
)
c
o
m
po
ne
n
ts
t
ha
t
s
up
pl
y
a
5
V
D
C
f
r
o
m
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
r
e
gu
la
t
or
.
T
he
R
F
w
o
r
k
s
on
li
n
ki
ng
th
e
two
pa
r
ts
w
it
h
e
a
c
h
ot
he
r
w
i
r
e
le
s
s
l
y,
us
in
g
a
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
o
f
3
30
M
H
z
.
A
n
e
nc
ode
r
is
us
e
d
to
e
nc
r
yp
ti
on
th
e
da
ta
b
e
tw
e
e
n
tw
o
p
ie
c
e
s
o
f
t
he
R
F
,
to
a
v
o
id
e
xp
os
u
r
e
t
o
out
s
id
e
i
nf
lu
e
nc
e
s
.
T
he
R
F
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
t
he
s
i
gna
l
f
r
o
m
t
he
R
F
in
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
p
a
r
t
a
n
d
t
he
n
pa
s
s
e
s
it
to
t
he
de
c
ode
r
f
o
r
de
c
od
in
g
,
a
n
d
a
c
ti
va
t
e
s
th
e
o
ut
pu
ts
of
th
e
r
e
la
y
c
i
r
c
ui
t.
T
he
A
r
d
ui
n
o
c
o
nt
r
o
ll
e
r
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
va
lu
e
c
om
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
put
to
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
th
e
o
ut
p
ut
o
f
th
e
s
ys
te
m
a
s
r
e
s
u
lt
i
n
th
e
s
o
le
no
id
va
lv
e
,
L
E
D
,
buz
z
e
r
,
a
nd a
le
r
t
S
M
S
.
2.1
.
A
r
d
u
in
o U
n
o
T
he
p
ro
pos
e
d
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on
ut
il
iz
e
d
th
e
A
r
dui
no
U
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
a
s
th
e
m
a
in
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
f
or
t
he
ope
r
a
ti
ons
on t
he
s
ys
te
m
. T
he
A
r
dui
no U
no i
s
m
a
in
ly
ba
s
e
d on the
A
T
m
e
ga
328P
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
.
A
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
2
,
it
ha
s
14
di
gi
ta
l
in
put
/o
ut
put
pi
ns
,
6
a
na
lo
g
in
put
s
,
a
16
M
H
z
qua
r
tz
c
r
ys
ta
l
,
a
nd
a
U
S
B
c
onne
c
ti
on.
2.2
.
S
ol
e
n
oi
d
v
al
ve
A
s
ol
e
noi
d
va
lv
e
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
3,
w
hi
c
h
is
ba
s
ic
a
ll
y
a
n
e
le
c
tr
om
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
-
ope
r
a
te
d
va
lv
e
.
T
he
s
e
va
lv
e
s
a
r
e
w
id
e
ly
u
s
e
d
to
c
ont
r
ol
th
e
f
lo
w
of
f
lu
id
s
or
g
a
s
e
s
th
r
ough
th
e
r
e
l
e
a
s
e
of
c
ut
of
f
th
e
f
lo
w
of
f
lu
id
or
ga
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
S
ol
e
noi
d
va
lv
e
s
a
r
e
a
dva
nt
a
ge
ou
s
in
th
e
ir
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
pons
e
,
hi
gh
r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
,
lo
ng
li
f
e
,
s
im
pl
e
c
ont
r
ol
,
a
nd c
om
pa
c
t
de
s
ig
n.
F
ig
ur
e
2. A
r
dui
no U
no
F
ig
ur
e
3. S
ol
e
noi
d va
lv
e
MQ
-
5 G
a
s
S
e
ns
or
G
P
S
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
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2252
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I
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J
A
dv A
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c
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14
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4
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20
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1110
1102
2.3
.
G
lo
b
al
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
m
ob
il
e
m
od
u
le
T
he
p
ro
p
os
e
d
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
t
io
n
ut
il
iz
e
d
a
G
S
M
c
om
m
un
ic
a
ti
o
n
m
odu
le
,
as
s
how
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
4
,
to
s
e
nd
th
e
w
a
r
n
in
g
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
to
th
e
h
om
e
ow
ne
r
a
n
d
t
he
c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
p
a
r
tm
e
nt
.
T
he
G
S
M
is
a
di
g
it
a
l
m
ob
il
e
te
le
p
hon
y
s
ys
te
m
th
a
t
d
ig
it
iz
e
s
a
nd
c
om
p
r
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
d
a
ta
.
I
t
o
pe
r
a
te
s
a
t
e
it
he
r
th
e
90
0
M
H
z
or
1
,
8
00
M
H
z
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
.
T
he
G
S
M
a
nd
ot
he
r
te
c
hno
lo
g
ie
s
a
r
e
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
he
e
vo
lu
t
io
n
o
f
w
ir
e
le
s
s
m
ob
il
e
t
e
le
c
om
m
u
ni
c
a
ti
ons
.
2.4
.
B
lu
e
t
oot
h
m
od
u
le
T
he
H
C
-
05
or
H
C
-
06
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
m
odul
e
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
T
hi
s
m
odul
e
is
us
e
d
to
w
ir
e
le
s
s
ly
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
be
twe
e
n
th
e
A
r
dui
no
a
nd
th
e
m
obi
le
phone
.
T
h
e
da
ta
s
e
ndi
ng
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
c
a
n
be
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
w
it
hi
n
a
r
a
nge
of
10
m
e
te
r
s
.
T
he
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
m
odul
e
ha
s
a
s
t
a
nda
r
d
2
-
pi
n
uni
ve
r
s
a
l
a
s
ync
hr
onous
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
/t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
(
U
A
R
T
)
c
onne
c
ti
on
(
T
x
a
nd
R
x)
to
e
a
s
il
y
c
onne
c
t
to
a
n
A
r
dui
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
boa
r
d.
T
he
m
odul
e
is
u
s
e
d
in
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on
to
e
n
s
ur
e
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
a
nd
th
e
s
m
a
r
tp
hone
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on.
2.5
.
R
ad
io
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y m
od
u
le
A
n
RF
m
odul
e
,
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
6
,
is
a
s
m
a
ll
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
de
vi
c
e
us
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
m
it
a
nd/
or
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
a
di
o
s
ig
na
ls
w
ir
e
le
s
s
ly
be
twe
e
n
two
de
vi
c
e
s
.
I
n
m
a
ny
a
p
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
th
e
c
hoi
c
e
is
R
F
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
te
c
hnol
ogy
be
c
a
u
s
e
it
doe
s
not
r
e
qui
r
e
a
li
ne
of
s
ig
ht
to
c
om
m
u
ni
c
a
te
.
T
h
e
R
F
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
s
in
c
or
por
a
te
a
tr
a
ns
m
it
te
r
/r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
w
it
h
va
r
io
us
ba
nds
of
c
a
r
r
ie
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ie
s
.
T
he
m
odul
e
i
s
us
e
d
in
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on t
o e
ns
ur
e
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on be
twe
e
n t
h
e
t
w
o p
a
r
ts
i
n t
he
s
ys
te
m
.
F
ig
ur
e
4. G
S
M
m
odul
e
F
ig
ur
e
5. H
C
-
06 B
lu
e
to
ot
h m
odul
e
F
ig
ur
e
6. R
F
m
odul
e
2.6
.
M
in
i
s
ir
e
n
al
ar
m
F
ig
ur
e
7
is
a
n
il
lu
s
tr
a
ti
on
o
f
th
e
ti
ny
s
ir
e
n
a
la
r
m
m
ode
l
T
L
7.
A
f
la
s
hi
ng
a
la
r
m
li
ght
a
nd
a
n
a
udi
bl
e
a
la
r
m
dr
iv
e
r
a
r
e
bot
h
in
c
lu
de
d
in
th
is
a
la
r
m
m
odul
e
,
w
hi
c
h
is
m
ount
e
d
on
a
pa
ne
l.
A
f
la
s
hi
ng
a
le
r
t
li
ght
a
nd
a
n
a
udi
bl
e
a
la
r
m
w
e
r
e
ge
n
e
r
a
te
d
by
th
e
M
in
i
-
s
ir
e
n
in
th
e
e
ve
nt
th
a
t
th
e
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
id
e
nt
if
ie
d a
l
e
a
k of
L
P
G
ga
s
.
2.7
.
G
as
s
e
n
s
or
T
he
p
ro
pos
e
d
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
(
G
L
W
S
)
u
ti
li
z
e
s
a
n
M
Q
-
5
s
e
ns
or
m
odul
e
,
w
hi
c
h
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
8.
T
hi
s
m
odul
e
i
s
a
s
e
ns
it
iv
e
c
om
pone
nt
,
a
s
th
e
r
e
s
is
ta
nc
e
of
th
e
s
e
ns
it
iv
e
c
om
pon
e
nt
c
ha
nge
s
a
s
th
e
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
ti
on
of
th
e
ta
r
ge
t
ga
s
c
ha
nge
s
. T
he
y
a
r
e
us
e
d
in
ga
s
le
a
ka
g
e
de
te
c
ti
ng
e
qui
pm
e
nt
f
or
de
te
c
ti
ng
ga
s
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
L
P
G
,
na
tu
r
a
l
ga
s
,
a
nd
to
w
n
ga
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
s
e
ns
or
m
odul
e
s
h
a
ve
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
s
in
th
e
ir
a
bi
li
ty
t
o a
voi
d t
he
noi
s
e
r
e
la
te
d t
o a
lc
ohol
, c
ooki
ng f
um
e
s
,
a
nd
c
ig
a
r
e
tt
e
s
m
oke
dur
in
g
th
e
ir
ope
r
a
ti
on.
F
ig
ur
e
7. M
in
i
s
ir
e
n a
la
r
m
F
ig
ur
e
8. G
a
s
s
e
ns
or
(
M
Q
-
5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
A
dv A
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D
e
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e
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a l
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d
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c
ti
on and aler
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
l
iq
ue
fi
e
d pe
tr
ol
e
um
gas
v
ia
…
(
W
ae
l
A
. Sal
ah)
1103
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
he
de
s
ig
ne
d
pr
ot
ot
ype
's
m
a
in
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
a
r
e
g
a
s
le
a
k
de
te
c
ti
on, wa
r
n
in
g
,
a
nd
ta
ki
ng
th
e
pr
ope
r
a
c
ti
on
r
e
la
te
d
to
th
e
s
it
ua
ti
on.
A
n
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
a
nd
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
pons
e
m
ic
r
o
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
is
r
e
qui
r
e
d
to
c
ont
in
uous
ly
c
a
pt
ur
e
pos
s
ib
le
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
k
s
.
T
hi
s
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
om
pl
is
he
d
ut
il
iz
in
g
a
de
vi
c
e
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
s
e
ns
in
g
pr
opa
ne
a
nd
but
a
ne
ga
s
in
th
e
s
ur
r
ounding
a
ir
.
W
he
n
a
n
L
P
G
le
a
ka
ge
o
c
c
ur
s
,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
s
e
n
s
e
s
th
e
le
a
k.
T
he
r
e
a
f
te
r
,
a
pr
ope
r
c
om
m
a
nd i
s
ge
ne
r
a
te
d t
o a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y c
lo
s
e
t
he
r
e
gul
a
to
r
va
lv
e
t
o a
voi
d m
or
e
l
e
a
ka
ge
f
r
om
t
he
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
.
S
im
ul
ta
ne
ous
ly
,
a
buz
z
e
r
a
la
r
m
a
nd
a
r
ot
a
ti
ng
a
la
r
m
li
ght
a
r
e
a
c
ti
va
te
d
,
a
nd
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
is
s
e
nt
to
th
e
hous
e
ow
ne
r
a
nd
th
e
c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
p
a
r
tm
e
nt
t
hr
ough the
G
S
M
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
de
vi
c
e
c
on
s
is
ts
of
two
pa
r
ts
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
pa
r
t
is
pl
a
c
e
d
in
th
e
a
r
e
a
s
ur
r
ounding
th
e
ga
s
s
uppl
y. T
he
s
e
c
ond pa
r
t
is
m
ount
e
d on the
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
be
f
or
e
t
he
ga
s
r
e
gul
a
to
r
. A
ls
o, L
P
G
l
e
a
ks
w
il
l
qui
c
kl
y
e
va
por
a
te
a
nd
f
or
m
a
r
e
la
ti
ve
ly
la
r
ge
c
lo
ud
of
ga
s
,
w
hi
c
h
w
il
l
dr
op
to
th
e
gr
ound,
a
s
it
is
he
a
vi
e
r
th
a
n
a
ir
.
S
o,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d de
s
ig
ne
d de
vi
c
e
c
ons
is
ts
of
t
w
o pa
r
ts
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
pa
r
t
is
i
ns
ta
ll
e
d
in
th
e
s
ur
r
ounding a
r
e
a
ba
s
e
d
on
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
ta
nda
r
ds
,
w
hi
c
h
c
oul
d
di
f
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
one
c
ount
r
y
to
a
not
he
r
[
41]
–
[
43]
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
pa
r
t
is
in
s
ta
ll
e
d
on
th
e
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
be
f
or
e
th
e
r
e
gul
a
to
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
de
s
ig
n
e
d
to
be
s
ui
ta
bl
e
f
or
in
s
ta
ll
a
ti
on
in
a
ll
pl
a
c
e
s
w
it
h
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
cy
a
nd
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y.
U
s
in
g
a
c
om
bi
na
ti
on
of
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
r
e
m
ot
e
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
a
n
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
s
ys
te
m
c
oul
d
b
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
to
m
a
na
ge
a
nd
a
le
r
t
pe
opl
e
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
th
e
pos
s
ib
il
it
y
of
a
n
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
k.
T
he
f
unc
ti
ons
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
by
th
e
s
ys
te
m
’
s
c
ir
c
ui
t
in
c
lu
de
:
a
c
q
ui
r
in
g
s
e
ns
or
da
ta
,
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
in
put
da
ta
,
s
e
nd
in
g
out
put
s
ig
na
l
to
out
put
m
odul
e
s
,
a
nd
r
e
s
pon
d
in
g
ba
s
e
d
on t
he
out
put
.
A
n M
Q
-
6 ga
s
s
e
ns
or
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
t
he
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
ti
on of
L
P
G
, a
n A
r
dui
no U
no mi
c
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
da
ta
,
a
n
e
le
c
tr
om
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
va
lv
e
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
s
to
p
s
th
e
ga
s
f
lo
w
,
a
n
a
la
r
m
a
nd
L
E
D
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
pr
ovi
de
vi
s
ua
l
a
nd
a
udi
to
r
y
a
le
r
ts
,
a
nd
a
G
S
M
m
odul
e
a
ll
ow
s
w
ir
e
le
s
s
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on.
T
he
pr
in
c
ip
le
s
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
a
r
e
to
c
ont
in
uous
ly
c
he
c
k
th
e
s
ur
r
ounding
a
r
e
a
f
or
L
P
G
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
ti
ons
a
bove
a
pr
e
de
te
r
m
in
e
d
s
a
f
e
ty
th
r
e
s
hol
d.
T
he
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
c
lo
s
e
s
th
e
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
va
lv
e
a
nd
s
ound
s
th
e
a
la
r
m
if
a
le
a
k
is
f
ound.
A
G
S
M
no
ti
f
ic
a
ti
on
w
il
l
a
ls
o
be
is
s
ue
d.
T
he
m
a
in
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t
of
th
e
s
ys
te
m
is
s
how
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
9.
F
ig
ur
e
9
.
T
he
G
L
W
S
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t
di
a
gr
a
m
T
he
f
in
a
l
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
c
ir
c
ui
t
f
or
th
e
L
P
G
s
ys
te
m
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
10.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
c
om
pone
nt
of
t
he
s
ys
te
m
i
s
t
he
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on f
or
e
nt
e
r
in
g
us
e
r
da
ta
;
th
is
c
om
pone
nt
w
il
l
be
i
ll
us
tr
a
te
d i
n
th
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
s
e
c
ti
on.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
c
om
pone
nt
in
vol
ve
s
c
onduc
ti
ng
a
s
e
r
ie
s
of
ga
s
le
a
k
w
a
r
ni
ngs
,
w
hi
c
h
a
ls
o
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1110
1104
c
ons
is
ts
of
two
p
a
r
ts
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
por
ti
on
w
il
l
be
pl
a
c
e
d
in
th
e
ga
s
-
f
il
le
d
s
ur
r
oundings
in
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
w
it
h c
e
r
ta
in
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
, a
nd t
he
s
e
c
ond
c
om
pone
nt
w
il
l
be
pl
a
c
e
d on th
e
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
pr
io
r
t
o t
he
ga
s
r
e
gul
a
to
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
10
.
T
he
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d L
P
G
l
e
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on s
ys
te
m
's
m
a
in
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
c
ir
c
ui
t
4.
S
O
F
T
WA
R
E
A
N
D
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
M
I
N
G
T
hi
s
pa
r
t
w
il
l
c
ove
r
th
e
s
of
twa
r
e
de
s
ig
n,
pr
ogr
a
m
m
in
g
te
c
hn
iq
ue
s
ut
il
iz
e
d
in
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
pr
ogr
a
m
m
in
g,
a
nd
th
e
s
ys
te
m
di
a
gr
a
m
s
in
th
e
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
s
ys
te
m
.
A
n
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
boa
r
d,
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
bot
h
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
a
nd
s
of
twa
r
e
,
is
de
s
ig
ne
d
to
of
f
e
r
f
r
e
e
s
of
twa
r
e
a
nd
a
n
ope
n
-
s
our
c
e
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
pa
ne
l
f
or
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
ng
s
m
a
r
t
c
ir
c
ui
ts
,
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
e
a
s
e
of
us
e
.
T
hr
ough
s
e
ns
or
s
,
th
e
A
r
dui
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
in
te
r
a
c
ts
w
it
h
th
e
s
ur
r
oundings
a
nd
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
s
th
e
m
by
c
on
tr
ol
li
ng
li
ght
s
,
e
ngi
ne
s
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
c
om
pone
nt
s
.
T
h
e
A
r
dui
no
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
boa
r
d
c
ont
a
in
s
a
pr
ogr
a
m
m
a
bl
e
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
,
m
a
de
of
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
s
A
T
M
E
G
A
8
a
nd
T
M
E
G
A
168,
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
d
th
r
ough
th
e
A
r
dui
n
o
I
D
E
s
of
twa
r
e
.
A
ndr
oi
d
S
tu
di
o
is
a
ne
w
I
D
E
a
nd
la
unc
he
d
r
e
c
e
nt
ly
by
G
oogl
e
'
s
A
ndr
oi
d
ope
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
te
m
.
I
t
is
de
s
ig
ne
d
to
pr
ovi
de
ne
w
to
ol
s
to
de
ve
lo
p
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
to
th
e
E
c
li
ps
e
I
D
E
,
w
h
ic
h
is
e
a
s
ie
r
to
us
e
a
nd
m
or
e
s
ophi
s
ti
c
a
te
d.
I
t
pr
ovi
de
s
de
ve
lo
pe
r
s
w
it
h
a
n
in
te
gr
a
te
d
pa
c
ka
ge
of
to
ol
s
th
a
t
he
lp
th
e
m
de
ve
lo
p
th
e
ir
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
f
or
va
r
io
us
de
vi
c
e
s
a
nd
s
c
r
e
e
n
s
m
or
e
e
a
s
il
y.
T
o
s
e
nd
th
e
s
e
t
up
da
ta
f
r
o
m
th
e
us
e
r
t
o
t
he
s
ys
te
m
ha
r
d
w
a
r
e
th
r
o
ugh
th
e
m
ob
il
e
a
pp
li
c
a
t
io
n
,
th
e
us
e
r
m
us
t
lo
g
in
t
o
th
e
d
e
ve
lo
p
e
d
a
p
pl
ic
a
t
io
n.
O
nc
e
th
e
us
e
r
ha
s
e
n
te
r
e
d
t
he
i
r
na
m
e
a
n
d
pa
s
s
w
or
d,
t
he
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
il
l
c
he
c
k
th
e
ir
m
ob
il
e
de
v
ic
e
'
s
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
s
e
r
vi
c
e
.
I
f
it
is
tu
r
ne
d
of
f
,
th
e
a
pp
w
i
ll
a
s
k
th
e
m
to
tu
r
n
i
t
o
n.
I
f
t
he
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
it
w
i
ll
t
he
n
a
s
k
t
he
m
t
o
w
r
it
e
d
ow
n
t
he
i
r
pho
ne
nu
m
be
r
a
n
d
c
li
c
k
a
b
ut
to
n
t
o
s
e
nd
it
to
th
e
A
r
du
in
o
v
ia
B
lu
e
to
ot
h.
T
o
s
e
n
d
t
he
c
oo
r
d
in
a
te
s
lo
c
a
ti
on
f
r
o
m
t
he
us
e
r
t
o
t
he
s
ys
te
m
ha
r
d
w
a
r
e
th
r
ou
gh
th
e
m
obi
le
a
pp
li
c
a
t
io
n
,
t
he
us
e
r
m
us
t
lo
g
in
t
o
t
he
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on.
W
he
n
t
he
us
e
r
e
nt
e
r
s
th
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
na
m
e
a
nd
p
a
s
s
w
o
r
d
,
t
h
e
a
pp
l
ic
a
t
io
n
w
i
ll
c
he
c
k
th
e
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
s
e
r
v
ic
e
a
nd
G
P
S
on
t
he
m
ob
il
e
.
I
f
it
is
tu
r
n
ed
of
f
,
t
he
a
p
p
w
i
ll
a
s
k
th
e
us
e
r
to
a
l
lo
w
it
to
t
ur
n
i
t
on,
th
e
n
th
e
a
p
p
w
i
ll
t
a
ke
t
he
c
o
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A
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W
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v
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ta
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o
f
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r
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7
vo
lt
s
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t
hi
s
in
d
ic
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te
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a
ga
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le
a
k
.
T
he
v
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ta
g
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on
pi
n
11
o
f
th
e
A
r
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in
o
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r
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e
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L
E
D
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A
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t
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om
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r
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W
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ts
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c
a
te
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c
ont
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is
a
ls
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m
e
ow
ne
r
a
nd
th
e
c
iv
il
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f
e
ns
e
d
e
pa
r
t
m
e
n
t
,
i
nd
ic
a
t
in
g a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
A
dv A
ppl
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i
I
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2252
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8814
D
e
v
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lo
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e
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of
a l
e
ak
age
d
e
te
c
ti
on and aler
t
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m
f
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iq
ue
fi
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tr
ol
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um
gas
v
ia
…
(
W
ae
l
A
. Sal
ah)
1105
ve
r
y
hi
gh
r
is
k
.
T
he
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t
i
ll
us
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u
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it
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L
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i
n
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11
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ig
ur
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11
.
F
unc
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ona
li
ty
f
lo
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ha
r
t
of
t
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L
P
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te
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a
nd i
ts
s
m
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r
tp
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a
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ic
a
ti
on
5.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
T
he
pr
oj
e
c
t
c
om
pon
e
nt
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
e
l
e
c
tr
oni
c
c
ir
c
ui
ts
,
s
e
ns
or
s
,
a
nd
out
put
de
vi
c
e
s
,
w
e
r
e
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d
a
nd
in
s
ta
ll
e
d.
T
he
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
w
a
s
a
ls
o
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
d
,
a
nd
t
he
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
a
s
de
ve
lo
p
e
d.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
te
s
ts
w
e
r
e
th
e
n
c
onduc
te
d
to
va
li
da
te
th
e
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
.
T
hi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
s
om
e
of
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
s
a
nd t
he
ir
r
e
s
ul
ts
.
5.1.
T
e
s
t
1:
G
L
WS
s
ys
t
e
m
l
ogi
n
I
n
th
is
te
s
t
,
th
e
in
put
in
s
tr
uc
ti
ons
f
or
a
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
us
e
r
na
m
e
a
n
d
pa
s
s
w
or
d
a
r
e
to
be
in
s
e
r
te
d.
U
pon
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
lo
gi
n
,
th
e
r
e
s
ul
t
in
g
out
put
is
a
m
e
s
s
a
ge
of
“
us
e
r
e
xi
s
ts
”
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
r
e
ve
a
l
th
e
c
onc
lu
s
io
n
of
a
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
t
e
s
t.
F
ig
ur
e
12 s
how
s
th
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
us
e
r
l
ogi
n r
e
s
ul
t
on t
he
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on.
F
ig
ur
e
12
.
U
s
e
r
l
ogi
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
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:
2252
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8814
I
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J
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dv A
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V
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14
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4
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20
25
:
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1110
1106
5.
2
.
T
e
s
t
2:
s
e
n
d
in
g p
h
on
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
T
e
s
ti
ng
th
e
phone
num
be
r
s
to
w
hi
c
h
th
e
G
L
W
S
w
il
l
s
e
nd
e
m
e
r
ge
nc
y
a
le
r
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
.
A
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
13
,
th
e
i
nput
i
ns
tr
uc
ti
ons
in
s
e
r
te
d
a
r
e
th
e
phone
numbe
r
, a
nd t
he
m
obi
le
B
lu
e
to
ot
h s
e
r
vi
c
e
i
s
a
c
ti
va
t
e
d.
T
he
in
te
nde
d
out
put
is
th
e
phone
num
be
r
s
e
ndi
ng
a
nd
th
e
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
of
th
e
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
c
onne
c
ti
on
.
T
he
te
s
t
r
e
s
ul
ts
s
how
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ope
r
a
ti
on a
nd e
va
lu
a
ti
on f
or
s
e
ndi
ng w
a
r
ni
ng me
s
s
a
ge
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
13
.
S
e
ndi
ng t
he
phone
numbe
r
5.
3
.
T
e
s
t
3:
c
oor
d
in
at
e
s
s
e
n
d
in
g
T
he
a
im
of
th
is
te
s
t
is
to
s
e
nd
th
e
c
oor
di
na
te
s
of
th
e
hom
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
a
t
w
hi
c
h
th
e
L
P
G
le
a
ka
ge
de
te
c
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
is
in
s
ta
ll
e
d.
I
n
or
de
r
to
pr
ovi
de
w
a
r
ni
ngs
on
t
he
lo
c
a
ti
on
of
th
e
hom
e
th
a
t
ha
d
L
P
G
le
a
ka
ge
id
e
nt
if
ie
d,
th
e
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
m
a
de
u
s
e
of
th
e
in
put
in
s
tr
uc
ti
ons
of
us
e
r
d
e
ta
il
s
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
G
P
S
lo
c
a
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
.
T
he
out
c
om
e
of
th
is
te
s
t
is
th
e
s
uc
c
e
ss
f
ul
c
onne
c
ti
on
to
th
e
G
P
S
s
e
r
vi
c
e
a
nd
th
e
s
uc
c
e
ss
f
ul
c
a
pt
ur
in
g
of
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
s
by
w
hi
c
h
w
il
l
be
s
e
nt
c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
pa
r
tm
e
nt
.
F
ig
ur
e
14
s
how
s
th
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
t
e
s
t
out
c
om
e
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
14
.
S
e
ndi
ng c
oor
di
na
te
s
5.
4
.
T
e
s
t
4:
n
o L
P
G
l
e
ak
age
T
hi
s
t
e
s
t
e
xa
m
in
e
s
t
he
c
ondi
ti
on of
L
P
G
ga
s
l
e
a
ka
ge
w
it
hout
d
e
te
c
ti
ng a
ny l
e
a
ks
. T
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
no L
P
G
ga
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
r
ound
th
e
M
Q
s
e
ns
or
dur
in
g
th
is
te
s
t.
T
he
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
'
s
out
c
om
e
is
ba
s
e
d
on
s
e
n
s
or
da
ta
s
how
in
g
no
s
ig
ns
of
ga
s
le
a
ki
ng.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
th
e
bl
ue
L
E
D
out
put
li
ght
in
g
is
tu
r
ne
d
on.
T
he
s
ol
e
noi
d
va
lv
e
is
ope
n
a
nd
a
ll
ow
in
g
th
e
L
P
G
ga
s
to
pa
s
s
th
r
ough
in
it
s
t
ypi
c
a
l
s
ta
te
.
I
n
li
ght
of
th
is
,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
no
a
le
r
t
m
a
s
s
e
s
ge
ne
r
a
te
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
of
a l
e
ak
age
d
e
te
c
ti
on and aler
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
l
iq
ue
fi
e
d pe
tr
ol
e
um
gas
v
ia
…
(
W
ae
l
A
. Sal
ah)
1107
5.
5
.
T
e
s
t
5:
L
P
G
s
m
al
l
le
ak
age
I
n
th
is
te
s
t,
a
s
m
a
ll
a
m
ount
o
f
L
P
G
le
a
ka
ge
w
il
l
be
c
he
c
ke
d
to
ve
r
if
y
how
th
e
ga
s
pe
r
f
or
m
s
.
T
he
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
c
onf
ir
m
s
a
m
in
or
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
k
w
he
n
th
e
M
Q
-
5
ga
s
s
e
n
s
or
out
put
va
lu
e
r
e
a
c
h
e
s
0.0009
V
.
C
ons
e
que
nt
ly
, t
he
or
a
nge
a
nd ye
ll
ow
L
E
D
s
a
r
e
t
ur
ne
d on
,
a
nd t
he
bl
ue
L
E
D
i
s
t
u
r
ne
d of
f
. T
he
s
ol
e
noi
d va
lv
e
is
a
ls
o s
e
c
ur
e
ly
c
lo
s
e
d. I
n a
ddi
ti
on t
o t
ur
ni
ng on the
a
udi
bl
e
a
la
r
m
, t
he
home
ow
ne
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
a
n S
M
S
m
e
s
s
a
ge
.
T
he
m
e
s
s
a
ge
w
a
s
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
s
e
nt
, a
s
s
e
e
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
15
.
5.
6
.
T
e
s
t
6
:
L
P
G
l
e
ak
age
E
xa
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
a
m
ount
of
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
k
is
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
obj
e
c
ti
ve
of
th
is
te
s
t.
T
he
out
put
va
lu
e
of
th
e
M
Q
-
5
ga
s
s
e
ns
or
w
il
l
be
r
a
is
e
d
to
0.1
V
.
T
hi
s
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
va
lu
e
is
us
e
d
by
th
e
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
to
c
onf
ir
m
a
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
k. C
ons
e
qu
e
nt
ly
,
th
e
or
a
ng
e
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
L
E
D
s
a
r
e
on
w
hi
le
th
e
bl
ue
L
E
D
is
of
f
.
T
he
s
ol
e
noi
d
va
lv
e
is
c
lo
s
e
d
ti
ght
ly
.
T
h
e
ki
tc
he
n
hood
i
s
a
ls
o
tu
r
ne
d
on,
th
e
G
L
W
S
s
ys
te
m
a
c
ti
va
te
s
th
e
vi
s
ua
l
a
nd
a
udi
bl
e
a
le
r
t,
a
nd
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
s
a
r
e
in
c
lu
de
d
in
th
e
a
la
r
m
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
e
nt
to
th
e
hom
e
ow
ne
r
a
nd c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
p
a
r
tm
e
nt
.
F
ig
ur
e
16
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
t
he
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
t
r
a
ns
m
is
s
io
n of
t
he
m
e
s
s
a
ge
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
te
s
t
r
e
s
ul
ts
,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
ga
s
le
a
k
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
ys
te
m
ope
r
a
te
d
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
to
r
il
y.
T
he
pr
im
a
r
y
c
ons
tr
a
in
t
of
th
e
te
c
hnol
ogy
is
th
e
us
a
ge
of
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
c
onne
c
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
m
a
y
be
im
pa
c
te
d
by
ba
r
r
ie
r
s
a
nd
r
e
s
tr
ic
te
d
di
s
ta
nc
e
.
N
e
v
e
r
th
e
le
s
s
,
th
i
s
ha
s
no
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
f
unc
ti
on
a
t
hom
e
.
O
th
e
r
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
R
F
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
m
odul
e
s
,
c
oul
d
be
us
e
d
to
ove
r
c
om
e
th
is
pr
obl
e
m
.
T
a
bl
e
1
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
m
a
in
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
G
L
W
S
in
c
om
pa
r
is
on
w
it
h
o
th
e
r
c
om
m
e
r
c
ia
l
s
ys
te
m
s
a
va
il
a
bl
e
i
n t
he
m
a
r
ke
t.
F
ig
ur
e
15. Ale
r
t
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
e
nt
t
o home
ow
ne
r
F
ig
ur
e
16. Ale
r
t
m
e
s
s
a
ge
t
o t
he
c
iv
il
de
f
e
ns
e
de
pa
r
tm
e
nt
T
a
bl
e
1
.
C
om
pa
r
is
on of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d s
ys
t
e
m
w
it
h ot
he
r
c
om
m
e
r
c
ia
l
s
ys
te
m
s
L
P
G
ga
s
l
e
a
k d
e
t
e
c
t
or
[
44]
UH
h
om
e
L
P
G
ga
s
l
e
a
k de
t
e
c
t
or
[
45]
P
ur
pos
e
d
G
L
W
S
W
or
ki
ng
v
ol
t
a
ge
220 V
A
C
/
110 V
A
C
;
12
VDC
-
20
VDC
A
C
220
V
~
240
V
D
C
12~
24
V
12
V
D
C
vol
t
a
ge
s
our
c
e
12
V
D
C
r
e
c
ha
r
ge
a
bl
e
ba
t
t
e
r
y
G
a
s
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
on
G
a
s
, L
P
G
, H
2
L
P
G
ga
s
L
P
G
ga
s
S
ol
e
noi
d va
l
ve
N
o.
Y
e
s
w
i
r
e
d c
onne
c
t
e
d s
ys
t
e
m
Y
e
s
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
l
y c
onne
c
t
e
d
s
ys
t
e
m
S
M
S
m
e
s
s
a
gi
ng
No
No
Y
e
s
M
obi
l
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
No
No
Y
e
s
S
e
ns
i
t
i
vi
t
y
M
e
di
um
H
i
gh
M
e
di
um
R
e
s
pons
i
bl
e
t
i
m
e
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n 3
s
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n 2
s
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n 4
s
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
e
e
n
to
be
a
dva
nt
a
ge
ou
s
in
it
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
de
te
c
t
L
P
G
ga
s
le
a
ks
, c
ont
r
ol
of
ga
s
c
yl
in
de
r
s
ol
e
noi
d
va
lv
e
,
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y
,
a
nd
it
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
s
e
nd
a
le
r
ts
vi
a
S
M
S
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
[
46]
,
[
47]
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
ot
he
r
de
ve
lo
pe
d
s
ys
te
m
s
,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
ha
s
th
e
a
dva
nt
a
ge
of
ha
vi
ng
num
e
r
ous
a
la
r
m
le
ve
ls
r
e
g
a
r
di
ng
pot
e
nt
ia
l
le
a
ks
,
pr
im
a
r
il
y
th
e
G
S
M
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
pr
e
s
e
n
c
e
of
a
n
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
va
lv
e
to
s
hut
dow
n
th
e
L
P
G
ga
s
s
uppl
y
a
nd
th
e
de
v
e
lo
pe
d
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
to
ol
[
48]
.
A
lt
hough
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
ha
s
be
e
n
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
a
f
e
w
obs
ta
c
le
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
th
e
s
hor
t
-
r
a
nge
c
onne
c
ti
vi
ty
of
th
e
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
m
odul
e
a
nd
th
e
f
a
c
t
th
a
t
G
S
M
a
le
r
ts
do
not
f
unc
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
w
he
n
th
e
ne
twor
k
c
ove
r
a
ge
is
poor
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
th
e
ga
s
s
e
n
s
or
m
a
y
g
e
ne
r
a
te
f
a
ls
e
po
s
it
iv
e
s
due
to
th
e
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
r
e
gul
a
r
c
ooki
ng
e
m
is
s
io
ns
,
a
nd
th
e
s
ys
te
m
c
ur
r
e
nt
ly
la
c
k
s
a
r
e
li
a
bl
e
f
a
ll
ba
c
k
pow
e
r
s
our
c
e
.
F
u
tu
r
e
e
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
s
m
a
y
in
vol
ve
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
W
i
-
F
i
ne
twor
k
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
th
e
dur
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
of
c
onne
c
ti
ons
,
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
t
e
c
hni
que
s
to
de
t
e
c
t
ga
s
le
a
ka
ge
pr
io
r
to
its
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
,
a
nd
a
n
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
of
t
he
de
vi
c
e
t
o de
te
c
t
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ki
nds
of
ha
z
a
r
dous
ga
s
e
s
.
6.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pa
pe
r
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
s
e
r
ve
s
th
e
m
a
jo
r
it
y
of
th
e
c
om
m
uni
ty
,
a
s
m
a
ny
in
di
vi
dua
ls
w
or
k
in
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
lo
c
a
ti
ons
a
w
a
y
f
r
om
th
e
ir
f
a
m
il
ie
s
,
w
ho
li
ve
in
hom
e
s
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
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a
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to
pr
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up
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io
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f
r
om
th
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f
f
e
c
ts
of
L
P
G
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a
ks
.
A
de
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c
e
w
a
s
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s
ig
ne
d
a
nd
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v
e
lo
pe
d
to
de
te
c
t
th
e
s
e
le
a
k
s
a
nd
s
hut
of
f
th
e
ga
s
s
uppl
y
to
th
e
s
to
v
e
f
r
om
th
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c
yl
in
de
r
.
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ve
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s
y
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te
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s
e
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e
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th
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ix
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ur
r
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a
ir
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e
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nt
a
ny
pot
e
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l
e
xpl
os
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n.
I
t
de
te
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ts
th
e
le
a
k
a
nd
c
lo
s
e
s
th
e
c
yl
in
de
r
va
lv
e
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
a
l
s
o
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
s
vi
s
ua
l
a
nd
obs
e
r
va
bl
e
w
a
r
ni
ng
s
ig
na
ls
to
a
le
r
t
th
e
hom
e
r
e
s
id
e
nt
s
a
nd
th
e
s
ur
r
ounding
c
om
m
uni
ty
.
T
he
s
ys
te
m
a
ls
o
s
e
nds
te
xt
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
th
a
t
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
by
th
e
hom
e
ow
ne
r
a
nd
lo
c
a
l
publ
ic
s
a
f
e
ty
a
ut
hor
it
ie
s
to
a
le
r
t
th
e
m
of
a
ny
pot
e
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l
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a
k
ha
z
a
r
d.
T
e
s
t
r
e
s
ul
ts
of
th
e
p
r
opos
e
d
L
P
G
le
a
k
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ti
on
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de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
to
r
y
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r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
w
it
h
r
a
pi
d
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e
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pons
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a
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s
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m
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e
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c
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te
d
w
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n a
n
L
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a
k
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s
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A
m
e
s
s
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w
a
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ti
on c
oor
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s
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A
C
K
N
O
WL
E
D
G
M
E
N
T
S
T
he
a
ut
hor
s
a
r
e
gr
a
te
f
ul
to
P
a
le
s
ti
ne
T
e
c
hni
c
a
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
-
K
a
door
ie
f
or
pr
ovi
di
ng
th
e
ne
e
de
d
la
bor
a
to
r
y
f
a
c
il
it
ie
s
to
c
onduc
t
th
is
pr
oj
e
c
t.
T
he
a
ut
hor
s
a
l
s
o
th
a
nk
th
e
te
c
hni
c
ia
ns
a
nd
unde
r
gr
a
dua
te
s
tu
de
nt
s
w
ho pr
ovi
de
d t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
a
s
s
is
ta
nc
e
a
nd s
uppor
te
d t
he
w
or
k i
n t
he
l
a
bor
a
to
r
y.
F
U
N
D
I
N
G
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
he
a
ut
hor
s
a
r
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a
te
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ul
to
P
a
le
s
ti
ne
T
e
c
hni
c
a
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
-
K
a
door
ie
f
or
th
e
ir
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
s
uppor
t
t
o
c
onduc
t
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
A
U
T
H
O
R
C
O
N
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N
S
S
T
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
hi
s
jo
ur
na
l
us
e
s
th
e
C
ont
r
ib
ut
or
R
ol
e
s
T
a
xonomy
(
C
R
e
d
iT
)
to
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
in
di
vi
dua
l
a
ut
hor
c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
ns
, r
e
duc
e
a
ut
hor
s
hi
p di
s
put
e
s
,
a
nd f
a
c
il
it
a
te
c
ol
la
bo
r
a
ti
on.
N
am
e
o
f
A
u
t
h
or
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
W
a
e
l
A
. S
a
la
h
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
A
ne
e
s
A
bu S
ne
in
e
h
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
onc
e
pt
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
M
:
M
e
t
hodol
ogy
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
da
t
i
on
Fo
:
Fo
r
m
a
l
a
na
l
ys
i
s
I
:
I
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
on
R
:
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
ur
a
t
i
on
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
ng
-
O
r
i
gi
na
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
ng
-
R
e
vi
e
w
&
E
di
t
i
ng
Vi
:
Vi
s
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
Su
:
Su
pe
r
vi
s
i
on
P
:
P
r
oj
e
c
t
a
dm
i
ni
s
t
r
a
t
i
on
Fu
:
Fu
ndi
ng a
c
qui
s
i
t
i
on
C
O
N
F
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
S
T
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
A
ut
hor
s
s
ta
te
no c
onf
li
c
t
of
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t.
D
A
T
A
A
V
A
I
L
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
D
a
ta
a
va
il
a
bi
li
ty
is
not
a
ppl
ic
a
bl
e
to
th
is
pa
pe
r
a
s
no
ne
w
d
a
ta
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
or
a
na
ly
z
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
dy.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
D
.
A
.
S
t
e
phe
n,
D
.
V
.
M
.
S
unda
r
i
,
D
.
B
.
T
ha
yum
a
na
va
r
,
D
.
R
.
K
.
S
ha
kya
,
a
n
d
D
.
E
.
M
ut
hukum
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