I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
, pp.
1305
~
13
21
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v14.
i
4
.
pp
1305
-
1321
1305
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
ae
s
c
or
e
.c
om
AI
-
i
n
t
e
gr
at
e
d
p
h
ar
m
ac
y sys
t
e
m
s:
b
r
i
d
gi
n
g t
e
c
h
n
ol
ogy, e
t
h
i
c
s,
an
d
p
at
i
e
n
t
c
ar
e
A
d
i
E
l
-
D
al
ah
m
e
h
1
, N
e
vi
e
n
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e
d
al
2
, K
h
u
lo
od
A
b
u
M
ar
ia
3
,
S
a
r
a A
b
u
T
ar
b
oos
h
2
1
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
C
ybe
r
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
Al
-
Z
a
yt
oona
h U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
J
o
r
da
n,
A
m
m
a
n, J
or
da
n
2
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
P
ha
r
m
a
c
y, A
l
-
Z
a
yt
oona
h U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
J
or
da
n, A
m
m
a
n, J
o
r
da
n
3
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
Al
-
Z
a
yt
oona
h U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
J
o
r
da
n,
A
m
m
a
n
,
J
or
da
n
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
J
un 23
,
2025
R
e
vi
s
e
d
S
e
p 28
,
2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
N
ov 04
,
2025
The
operation
of
pharmacy
systems
undergoes
transformation
t
hrough
artificial
intell
igence
(AI),
which
advances
from
manual
procedu
res
to
intelligent
adaptive
tools.
These
technologie
s
enhance
daily
ope
rations
through
prescrip
tion
verifica
tion,
drug
interactio
n
alerts,
and
inv
entory
manageme
nt
while
decrea
sing
human
mistakes.
Through
AI,
patient
s
gain
access
to
customized
medication
recommendations,
automatic
appoi
ntment
alerts,
and
virtual
support
services.
The
advancement
of
technolo
gy
creates
multiple
ne
w
difficulties
for
healthcare
systems.
The
increasing
inte
gration
of
AI
in
healthcare
creates
growing
concerns
about
data
privacy
alo
ngside
algorit
hmic
bias
and
the
requirement
for
decision
-
making
explanation
s.
This
paper
evaluates
AI
systems
against
conventional
pharmacy
methods
t
hrough
an
assessment
of
their
precision
and
speed
and
their
impact
on
patient
safety
and
ethical
preparedness.
The
adoption
of
AI
systems
requires
strong
ethical
protections
together
with
defined
regulatory
frameworks
to
maintain
human
clinical
decisio
n
-
making author
ity in patient c
are.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
r
t
if
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
in
p
h
a
r
m
a
c
y
E
th
ic
a
l
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
M
e
di
c
a
ti
on s
a
f
e
ty
P
e
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
A
di
E
l
-
D
a
la
hm
e
h
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
C
ybe
r
S
e
c
ur
it
y
,
Al
-
Z
a
yt
oona
h
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y of
J
or
da
n
St
.
594, Al Z
a
yt
oona
h U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y of
J
or
da
n, A
ir
por
t
R
d., A
m
m
a
n, J
or
da
n
E
m
a
il
:
A
.e
ld
a
la
hm
e
h@
z
uj
.e
du.j
o
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
t
e
m
r
e
li
e
s
la
r
ge
ly
on
m
a
nua
l
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
.
T
hi
s
r
e
li
a
n
c
e
on
m
a
nua
l
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
m
a
ke
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
pr
one
to
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
e
r
r
or
s
,
de
la
ys
,
a
nd
s
ubopti
m
a
l
r
e
s
ul
ts
,
w
hi
c
h
c
oul
d
e
nda
nge
r
pa
ti
e
nt
s
'
li
ve
s
or
hi
nde
r
th
e
a
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
nt
of
e
c
onomi
c
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
in
th
e
r
a
py
[
1]
.
T
hi
s
is
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ta
te
of
a
f
f
a
ir
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
e
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
ys
te
m
s
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
ge
ne
r
a
ll
y
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
iz
e
d
by
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
it
is
im
pos
s
ib
le
to
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
a
c
c
om
m
oda
te
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
pa
ti
e
nt
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
or
va
r
io
us
c
om
or
bi
di
ti
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
A
I
D
S
.
T
ha
t
m
e
a
ns
th
a
t
m
e
di
c
a
l
r
e
a
s
oni
ng
m
us
t
be
a
ba
ndone
d
a
nd
r
e
pl
a
c
e
d
w
it
h
bl
e
s
s
in
gs
in
m
a
nt
r
a
s
[
2]
.
W
it
h
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
AI
)
in
to
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
,
how
e
v
e
r
,
c
om
e
s
a
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
ona
l
br
e
a
kt
hr
ough
th
a
t
c
a
n
ha
ndl
e
ke
y
pha
r
m
a
c
y
w
or
kf
lo
w
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
ti
on, dos
a
ge
c
a
lc
ul
a
ti
on, dr
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
, r
e
le
a
s
e
c
h
e
c
ks
, a
nd i
nve
nt
or
y m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
[
3]
.
F
or
hos
pi
ta
ls
a
nd
doc
to
r
s
'
s
ur
ge
r
ie
s
to
f
unc
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
,
th
e
y
m
us
t
a
c
c
e
pt
th
is
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
w
it
h
A
I
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng
(
M
L
)
a
nd
n
a
tu
r
a
l
la
ngua
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
(
N
L
P
)
,
w
e
c
a
n
e
li
m
in
a
te
hum
a
n
e
r
r
or
,
s
pe
e
d
up
th
e
de
li
ve
r
y
of
r
out
in
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
a
nd
of
f
e
r
c
li
ni
c
a
l
de
c
is
io
n
s
uppor
t
by
pr
ovi
di
ng
e
vi
de
n
c
e
-
ba
s
e
d
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
ti
o
ns
ta
il
or
e
d
to
in
di
vi
dua
l
pa
ti
e
nt
da
t
a
[
4]
.
I
t
is
th
is
c
ha
nge
th
a
t
is
f
ue
li
ng
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
w
a
ve
of
in
nova
ti
on
th
a
t
be
ga
n
s
om
e
ti
m
e
a
go.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
t
o
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
da
ta
be
in
g
c
ont
in
uou
s
ly
ge
ne
r
a
te
d
by
s
m
a
r
t
de
vi
c
e
s
,
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
s
c
a
n
now
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
c
om
pos
it
e
vi
e
w
of
th
e
ir
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
hi
s
to
r
y
(
w
he
th
e
r
or
not
th
e
y
a
r
e
onl
in
e
)
a
nyw
h
e
r
e
a
nd
a
nyt
im
e
,
w
hi
c
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1305
-
1321
1306
de
m
oc
r
a
ti
z
in
g
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
.
T
hi
s
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
houl
d
be
a
m
ode
l
f
or
f
ut
u
r
e
m
e
di
c
a
l
hi
s
to
r
y
(
or
pe
r
s
ona
l
he
a
lt
h
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
)
a
r
c
hi
ve
s
a
la
c
yb
e
r
m
e
di
c
in
e
in
a
ll
but
na
m
e
[
5]
.
T
hus
,
by
a
na
ly
z
in
g
m
e
di
c
a
l
hi
s
to
r
ie
s
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
da
ta
,
to
ol
s
e
n
a
bl
e
d
w
it
h
A
I
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
c
a
n
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
ly
d
e
te
c
t
pot
e
nt
ia
l
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
or
a
dve
r
s
e
m
e
di
c
a
l
e
ve
nt
s
in
th
i
s
w
a
y,
c
ont
r
ib
ut
in
g
to
pr
om
ot
in
g
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
a
f
e
t
y
[
5]
.
B
ut
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
A
I
in
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
w
il
l
br
in
g
it
s
pr
obl
e
m
s
to
o,
li
ke
th
os
e
of
da
ta
s
a
f
e
ty
,
a
lg
o
r
it
hm
ic
bi
a
s
,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y,
a
nd
th
e
unf
or
tu
na
te
la
c
k
of
A
I
to
e
xpr
e
s
s
hum
a
n
e
m
ot
io
n.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
th
e
pot
e
nc
y
of
A
I
is
a
lwa
ys
onl
y
a
s
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
to
r
y
a
s
th
e
qua
li
ty
of
it
s
in
put
da
ta
:
in
c
ons
is
te
nc
ie
s
m
a
y
r
e
nde
r
A
I
'
s
de
c
is
io
ns
s
ubopti
m
a
l
[
6]
.
A
nd
m
a
in
ta
in
in
g
s
uc
h
s
ys
te
m
s
a
s
th
e
s
e
i
ne
vi
ta
bl
y r
e
qui
r
e
s
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
i
nve
s
tm
e
nt
a
nd e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
. T
hi
s
pos
e
s
a
ba
r
r
ie
r
t
o a
dopt
io
n
[
7]
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
th
is
s
tu
dy
w
il
l
in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
th
e
in
tr
oduc
ti
on
of
a
n
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
te
m
.
T
o
th
i
s
e
nd,
w
e
pr
opos
e
a
n
in
te
gr
a
te
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
th
a
t
r
e
vi
e
w
s
not
ju
s
t
th
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
a
c
ti
vi
ty
le
ve
ls
a
nd
c
us
to
m
iz
a
ti
on
w
it
h
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
but
a
ls
o
th
e
e
th
ic
a
l
pr
obl
e
m
s
in
be
twe
e
n.
C
om
pa
r
e
d
w
it
h
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
s
ys
te
m
s
,
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
il
l
he
lp
to
di
s
ti
ngui
s
h
how
A
I
m
ig
ht
be
s
t
c
ons
ol
id
a
te
ope
r
a
ti
on
s
,
im
pr
ove
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
m
e
di
c
a
l
r
e
c
or
ds
,
a
nd
f
os
te
r
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
,
w
hi
l
e
a
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
,
it
la
ys
out
a
r
oa
d
m
a
p
to
s
oc
ia
l
r
e
s
pon
s
ib
il
it
y
a
s
s
oc
i
a
te
d
w
it
h
pha
r
m
a
c
y
e
ng
a
ge
m
e
nt
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
ke
y
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
be
tw
e
e
n
m
a
nua
l
a
nd A
I
-
pow
e
r
e
d pha
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
t
e
m
s
, hi
ghl
ig
ht
in
g a
ut
om
a
ti
on, e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y, a
nd pe
r
s
ona
li
z
a
ti
on.
T
he
m
a
in
c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
n
of
th
e
p
a
pe
r
is
th
e
d
e
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
a
n
i
nt
e
gr
a
te
d
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
th
a
t
c
ons
id
e
r
s
bot
h
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
in
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
ove
r
a
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
e
th
ic
a
l
r
is
k
m
a
p.
M
a
ny
of
th
e
s
tu
di
e
s
to
d
a
te
ha
v
e
l
ooke
d
a
t
te
c
hni
c
a
l
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
s
e
pa
r
a
te
f
r
om
e
th
ic
a
l
c
onc
e
r
ns
.
O
ur
a
ppr
oa
c
h
a
ll
ow
s
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
c
o
ns
id
e
r
a
ti
on
of
A
I
s
ys
te
m
s
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
th
a
t
in
c
or
por
a
te
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
a
dva
n
c
e
s
in
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
a
nd
p
e
r
s
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
w
hi
le
be
in
g
m
in
df
ul
of
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
, e
qui
ty
, a
nd t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y.
F
ig
ur
e
1
.
C
om
p
a
r
i
s
on
of
tr
a
di
t
io
n
a
l
vs
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
s
2.
L
I
T
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
R
E
V
I
E
W
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h on AI
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on i
n pha
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
te
m
s
di
vi
d
e
s
i
nt
o f
our
t
he
m
a
ti
c
a
r
e
a
s
t
ha
t
r
e
f
le
c
t
th
e
c
or
e
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l,
c
li
ni
c
a
l,
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
di
m
e
ns
io
n
s
of
m
ode
r
n
a
dopt
io
n.
T
he
s
e
th
e
m
e
s
c
ol
le
c
ti
ve
ly
a
ddr
e
s
s
how
A
I
e
nha
nc
e
s
w
or
kf
lo
w
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
s
tr
e
ngt
he
ns
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng,
im
pr
ove
s
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
,
a
nd
upholds
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
e
th
ic
a
l
s
ta
nda
r
ds
s
u
c
h
a
s
pr
iv
a
c
y
a
nd
a
c
c
ount
a
bi
li
ty
.
U
nde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
th
e
s
e
f
our
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
r
e
a
s
is
c
r
uc
ia
l
f
or
e
va
lu
a
ti
ng
bot
h
th
e
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
s
s
oc
ia
te
d
w
it
h
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
A
I
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
in
to
pha
r
m
a
c
y pr
a
c
ti
c
e
.
2.1
.
U
s
e
of
A
I
f
or
c
li
n
ic
al
d
e
c
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
or
t
an
d
m
e
d
ic
at
io
n
s
af
e
t
y
A
I
ha
s
gone
f
r
om
a
pr
im
it
iv
e
le
ve
l
of
a
le
r
ti
ng
to
f
a
r
m
or
e
a
dv
a
nc
e
d
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
in
c
li
ni
c
a
l
de
c
is
io
n
s
uppor
t
s
ys
te
m
s
(
C
D
S
S
)
.
M
or
e
r
e
c
e
nt
ly
,
it
s
r
ol
e
ha
s
be
e
n
a
s
s
o
c
ia
te
d
w
it
h
th
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
a
tt
e
nt
io
n
to
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
a
f
e
ty
.
C
ha
la
s
a
ni
e
t
al
.
[
1]
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
ti
c
r
e
vi
e
w
of
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
to
ol
s
f
or
c
li
ni
c
a
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
a
nd
obs
e
r
ve
d
th
a
t,
e
ve
n
th
ough
a
dopt
io
n
m
a
r
ke
ti
ng
w
a
s
di
r
e
c
te
d
to
w
a
r
ds
N
L
P
te
c
hnol
ogy,
c
onc
e
r
ni
ng
th
e
r
e
duc
ti
on
of
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
a
nd
di
s
pe
ns
in
g
e
r
r
o
r
s
,
th
e
r
e
w
a
s
m
or
e
e
vi
de
nc
e
f
a
vor
in
g
in
te
gr
a
te
d
s
ys
te
m
s
(
N
L
P
a
nd
c
li
ni
c
a
l
r
ul
e
s
e
t)
.
E
xpa
ndi
ng
on
th
is
,
S
r
id
ha
r
e
t
al
.
[
8]
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
th
e
us
e
of
ML
m
ode
ls
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
dos
e
va
li
da
ti
on
a
nd
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
in
ho
s
pi
ta
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
a
nd
s
how
e
d
th
a
t
th
is
ha
s
le
d
to
s
om
e
r
e
duc
ti
on
in
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
e
ve
nt
s
[
2]
.
A
ddi
ti
o
na
ll
y,
a
c
om
pa
r
a
ti
ve
a
na
ly
s
is
f
ound
th
a
t
la
r
ge
la
ngua
ge
m
ode
l
s
(
L
L
M
s
)
c
a
n
a
c
hi
e
ve
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
ki
n
to
c
li
ni
c
a
l
pha
r
m
a
c
is
t
s
in
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
c
om
m
on
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
but
it
a
l
s
o
de
m
on
s
tr
a
te
d
th
e
y
w
e
r
e
una
bl
e
to
c
ope
w
e
ll
w
it
h
c
om
pl
e
x
pa
ti
e
nt
s
,
a
c
c
or
di
ngl
y
unde
r
li
ni
ng onc
e
m
or
e
t
he
r
e
le
va
nc
e
of
t
he
huma
n
-
A
I
hybr
id
m
ode
l
[
3]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
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c
i
I
S
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:
2252
-
8814
AI
-
in
te
gr
at
e
d phar
m
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
br
id
gi
ng t
e
c
hnol
ogy
, e
th
ic
s
, a
nd pati
e
nt
c
ar
e
(
A
di
E
l
-
D
al
ahm
e
h)
1307
2
.2.
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
i
n
r
ob
ot
ic
d
is
p
e
n
s
in
g an
d
au
t
om
a
t
io
n
A
I
is
now
pa
r
t
of
di
s
pe
ns
in
g
r
obot
s
in
a
w
a
y
th
a
t
go
e
s
be
yond
m
e
r
e
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
a
nd
a
ll
ow
s
a
da
pt
iv
e
a
nd
e
r
r
or
-
f
r
e
e
w
or
kf
lo
w
s
.
S
ta
s
e
vyc
h
a
nd
Z
va
r
yc
h
[
9]
r
e
vi
e
w
of
e
m
e
r
gi
ng
r
obot
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
not
e
d
th
a
t
AI
-
ba
s
e
d
vi
s
io
n
s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
c
onf
ir
m
pi
ll
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
t
io
n,
dos
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
a
nd
th
e
in
te
gr
it
y
of
la
be
ls
,
r
e
duc
in
g
di
s
pe
ns
in
g
e
r
r
or
s
[
4]
.
T
hi
s
i
s
c
on
s
is
te
nt
w
it
h
tr
e
nd
s
in
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y;
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
in
ve
nt
or
y
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
s
ba
s
e
d
on
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
pr
e
di
c
t
th
e
de
m
a
nd
f
o
r
dr
ugs
a
nd
s
to
c
k
a
dj
us
tm
e
nt
f
or
m
it
ig
a
ti
ng
e
it
he
r
ove
r
-
or
unde
r
-
s
to
c
k
c
ondi
ti
on
s
[
5]
.
T
he
s
e
to
ol
s
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
p
e
e
d
a
nd
de
le
ga
t
e
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
t
o m
or
e
c
om
pl
ic
a
te
d c
li
ni
c
a
l
w
or
k.
2.3
.
A
I
f
or
p
at
ie
n
t
-
c
e
n
t
e
r
e
d
p
h
ar
m
ac
i
s
t
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
O
ne
of
th
e
m
a
jo
r
a
r
e
a
s
is
us
in
g
A
I
to
pr
ovi
de
pa
ti
e
nt
-
c
e
n
tr
ic
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
c
a
r
e
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on t
he
r
a
py ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
i
ndi
c
a
te
s
t
ha
t
th
e
us
e
of
A
I
ha
s
t
he
pot
e
nt
ia
l
to
de
li
ve
r
i
ndi
vi
dua
li
z
e
d pa
ti
e
nt
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
s
uppor
t
[
6]
.
F
or
lo
ng
-
te
r
m
a
nd
c
hr
oni
c
c
ondi
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
s
of
twa
r
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
c
oupl
e
d
w
it
h
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
s
a
r
e
be
tt
e
r
s
ui
te
d
to
m
oni
to
r
th
e
he
a
lt
h
d
a
ta
of
p
a
ti
e
nt
s
a
nd
de
li
ve
r
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
ns
.
F
a
hi
m
e
t
al
.
[
7]
r
e
por
te
d
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
m
obi
le
he
a
lt
h
a
pps
a
nd
c
ha
tb
ot
s
th
a
t
pr
ovi
de
24/
7
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
r
e
s
ul
t
in
e
nha
nc
e
d a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y. T
hi
s
c
ont
e
xt
is
f
r
a
m
e
d
by
th
e
di
gi
ta
l
di
s
r
upt
io
n
of
pha
r
m
a
c
y
a
nd
e
m
pha
s
iz
e
s
ho
w
s
uc
h
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
e
m
pow
e
r
pa
ti
e
nt
s
w
hi
le
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
in
g t
he
pha
r
m
a
c
is
t’
s
r
ol
e
t
ow
a
r
ds
a
f
oc
us
on pa
ti
e
nt
o
ut
c
om
e
s
.
2.4
.
E
xp
la
in
ab
le
ar
t
if
ic
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
an
d
t
r
an
s
p
ar
e
n
c
y i
n
h
e
al
t
h
c
ar
e
T
he
ne
c
e
s
s
it
y
of
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
ha
s
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
a
s
A
I
s
ys
te
m
s
be
c
om
e
m
or
e
s
ophi
s
ti
c
a
te
d.
F
or
pa
ti
e
nt
s
,
it
is
c
r
it
ic
a
l
to
ha
ve
a
m
ode
l
th
a
t
is
unde
r
s
ta
nda
bl
e
in
a
c
li
ni
c
a
l
s
e
tt
in
g.
R
a
z
a
a
nd
A
z
iz
[
10]
a
ls
o
c
la
im
e
d
th
a
t
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bl
e
m
ode
ls
be
c
om
e
a
ne
c
e
s
s
it
y
in
de
c
is
io
n
s
up
por
t
s
ys
te
m
s
to
be
a
dopt
e
d,
s
in
c
e
bl
a
c
k
-
box
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
c
oul
d
hi
nde
r
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
in
hi
gh
-
s
ta
ke
s
c
ont
e
xt
s
s
uc
h
a
s
da
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n
pha
r
m
a
c
ot
he
r
a
py.
A
m
e
ta
-
a
na
ly
s
is
on
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
nd
li
m
it
a
ti
ons
of
L
L
M
s
in
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
c
onf
ir
m
s
th
is
,
w
it
h
a
n
e
m
pha
s
is
on
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bi
li
ty
[
9]
,
[
11]
.
A
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
,
t
he
e
th
ic
a
l
im
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
a
r
e
s
ubj
e
c
t
to
in
te
ns
e
s
c
r
ut
in
y.
A
r
e
c
e
nt
pa
pe
r
s
na
ps
hot
s
how
e
d
pa
ti
e
nt
c
on
s
e
nt
,
pr
iv
a
c
y,
a
nd
a
lg
or
it
hm
ic
bi
a
s
a
s
ke
y
c
onc
e
r
ns
f
or
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
, w
it
h a
ne
e
d f
or
t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
gove
r
na
nc
e
pr
in
c
ip
le
s
[
8]
.
2.5. E
t
h
ic
al
an
d
r
e
gu
la
t
or
y f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
s
T
he
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
A
I
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
ope
r
a
ti
ons
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
e
th
ic
a
l
pr
obl
e
m
s
,
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
H
a
s
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
2]
,
be
c
a
us
e
it
in
vol
ve
s
obt
a
in
in
g
pa
ti
e
nt
c
ons
e
nt
,
pr
ot
e
c
ti
ng
da
ta
pr
iv
a
c
y,
a
nd
pr
e
ve
nt
in
g
a
lg
or
it
hm
ic
bi
a
s
.
T
he
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
of
s
ys
te
m
s
s
houl
d
in
c
lu
de
F
A
T
m
e
tr
ic
s
,
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
pol
ic
y
bodi
e
s
th
a
t
r
e
c
om
m
e
nd
th
e
ir
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
[
9]
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
in
di
ngs
a
r
e
c
onde
n
s
e
d
in
to
T
a
bl
e
1,
w
hi
c
h
s
how
s
th
e
ir
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
t
oge
th
e
r
w
it
h t
he
ir
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
a
nd ma
in
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h c
ons
tr
a
in
ts
.
T
a
bl
e
1
.
S
um
m
a
r
y
of
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d s
t
udi
e
s
Author(s)
AI
applicati
on
Dataset/
scope
AI
method
Key
limitation
R
a
nc
ho
n
e
t
al
.
[
4]
D
r
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
on
ve
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on, dos
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
S
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
of
a
pps
/
t
ool
s
N
L
P
, r
ul
e
s
-
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
t
e
m
s
L
i
m
i
t
e
d r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
va
l
i
da
t
i
on
R
oos
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
12]
M
e
di
c
a
t
i
on a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
t
he
r
a
py m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
S
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
a
nd
c
a
s
e
-
ba
s
e
d s
c
e
na
r
i
os
C
ha
t
G
P
T
a
nd
a
da
pt
i
ve
m
ode
l
s
L
i
m
i
t
e
d ge
ne
r
a
l
i
z
a
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o c
l
i
ni
c
a
l
t
r
i
a
l
s
S
m
oke
[
13]
E
xpl
a
i
na
bi
l
i
t
y i
n c
l
i
ni
c
a
l
A
I
s
ys
t
e
m
s
E
xpe
r
t
c
om
m
e
nt
a
r
y
XAI
T
he
or
e
t
i
c
a
l
, not
t
e
s
t
e
d
e
m
pi
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
H
a
s
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
2]
E
t
hi
c
a
l
c
onc
e
r
ns
i
n A
I
pha
r
m
a
c
y t
ool
s
S
ur
ve
y
-
ba
s
e
d c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
t
i
ona
l
s
t
udy
N
one
(
e
t
hi
c
a
l
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
)
R
e
l
i
e
s
on s
e
l
f
-
r
e
por
t
e
d
c
onc
e
r
ns
S
a
l
l
a
m
e
t
al
.
[
14]
A
I
t
ool
s
i
n pha
r
m
a
c
y
e
duc
a
t
i
on
D
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ve
a
na
l
ys
i
s
of
e
duc
a
t
i
ona
l
us
e
C
ha
t
G
P
T
-
3.5 i
n
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
s
e
t
t
i
ng
s
N
o di
r
e
c
t
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
be
nc
hm
a
r
ki
ng
J
i
n
e
t
al
.
[
11]
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
G
P
T
i
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y e
xa
m
s
M
e
t
a
-
a
na
l
ys
i
s
of
e
xa
m
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
G
P
T
-
4 e
xa
m
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
F
oc
us
e
d on t
e
s
t
i
ng, not
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
to
th
e
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
a
l
f
or
m
ul
a
ti
on,
th
is
s
tu
dy
e
m
pl
oys
a
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
s
ys
te
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y e
xa
m
in
e
how
t
he
pr
opos
e
d A
I
-
ba
s
e
d ph
a
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
te
m
pe
r
f
or
m
s
a
c
r
os
s
c
li
ni
c
a
l,
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l,
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
di
m
e
ns
io
ns
.
T
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
te
gr
a
te
s
e
vi
de
nc
e
f
r
om
pr
io
r
e
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
s
tu
di
e
s
w
it
h
th
e
or
e
ti
c
a
l
m
ode
li
ng
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
’
s
e
xpe
c
te
d
im
pa
c
t
on
pa
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
,
w
or
kf
lo
w
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
a
nd
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
-
r
e
la
te
d
s
a
f
e
ty
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
th
e
m
e
th
od
in
c
or
por
a
te
s
a
m
ul
ti
-
c
r
it
e
r
ia
c
om
pa
r
is
on
be
twe
e
n
th
e
AI
-
e
na
bl
e
d
m
ode
l
a
nd
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
e
ns
ur
in
g
th
a
t
e
a
c
h
c
om
pone
nt
of
th
e
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
is
e
va
lu
a
te
d
a
g
a
in
s
t
v
a
li
da
te
d
be
n
c
hm
a
r
ks
.
T
hi
s
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
m
e
th
odol
ogi
c
a
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
a
ll
ow
s
f
or
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
of
th
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
ne
f
it
s
,
li
m
it
a
ti
ons
,
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
f
e
a
s
ib
il
it
y
of
a
dopt
in
g
A
I
w
it
hi
n pha
r
m
a
c
y e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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14
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4
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be
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20
25
:
1305
-
1321
1308
3.1
.
S
t
u
d
y
d
e
s
ig
n
T
he
s
tu
dy
f
ol
lo
w
s
a
th
e
or
e
ti
c
a
l
a
nd
de
s
ig
n
-
s
c
ie
nc
e
a
ppr
oa
c
h. T
hi
s
in
c
lu
de
s
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
in
s
ig
ht
s
f
r
om
a
r
ti
c
le
s
a
nd
w
hi
te
pa
pe
r
s
in
to
a
pr
opos
e
d
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
.
S
ubs
e
que
nt
ly
,
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
th
is
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
a
r
e
a
na
ly
z
e
d
in
c
om
pa
r
is
on
w
it
h
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
m
ode
ls
us
in
g pr
e
de
f
in
e
d m
e
tr
ic
s
f
r
om
pr
e
vi
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
.
3.2
.
T
h
e
p
r
op
os
e
d
A
I
-
b
as
e
d
p
h
ar
m
a
c
y s
ys
t
e
m
ar
c
h
it
e
c
t
u
r
e
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
a
dopt
s
th
e
th
r
e
e
la
ye
r
s
of
a
ty
pi
c
a
l
ML
-
ba
s
e
d
D
I
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k,
yi
e
ld
in
g
a
m
pl
e
r
out
e
s
f
r
om
da
ta
i
nge
s
ti
on t
o us
e
r
i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
on.
i)
D
a
ta
la
ye
r
:
th
i
s
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
l
a
ye
r
,
w
hi
c
h
c
ol
le
c
ts
a
nd
or
c
he
s
tr
a
te
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
our
c
e
s
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
I
t
in
te
gr
a
te
s
w
it
h:
‒
E
le
c
tr
oni
c
he
a
lt
h r
e
c
or
ds
(
E
H
R
s
)
:
to
v
ie
w
pa
ti
e
nt
hi
s
to
r
y, di
a
gnos
e
s
, a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
m
e
di
c
a
ti
ons
.
‒
P
ha
r
m
a
c
y
di
s
pe
ns
in
g s
y
s
te
m
s
:
T
o pr
ovi
de
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on on dr
ug
hi
s
to
r
y a
nd r
e
f
il
l
be
ha
vi
or
.
‒
P
a
ti
e
nt
-
ge
ne
r
a
te
d
he
a
lt
h
da
ta
(
P
G
H
D
)
:
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
s
(
e
.g.,
gl
uc
os
e
m
oni
to
r
s
,
s
m
a
r
twa
tc
he
s
)
a
nd
P
R
O
f
r
om
m
obi
le
a
pps
.
‒
D
r
ug
knowle
dge
ba
s
e
s
:
th
e
la
te
s
t
da
t
a
ba
s
e
s
of
dr
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
, s
id
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
, a
nd pha
r
m
a
c
oge
nom
ic
s
.
ii)
A
I
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
nd
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
la
ye
r
:
th
is
i
s
th
e
br
a
in
of
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
w
he
r
e
da
ta
g
e
ts
c
onve
r
te
d
in
to
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on. I
t
hos
ts
s
e
ve
r
a
l
A
I
m
odul
e
s
:
‒
N
L
P
e
ngi
ne
t
ha
t
c
a
n i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
f
r
e
e
-
te
xt
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
a
nd pa
ti
e
nt
que
s
ti
ons
‒
ML
m
ode
ls
(“
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
"
)
:
t
he
s
e
m
ode
l
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
m
ode
l
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
r
is
k
of
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
a
nd t
he
pr
e
di
c
ti
on of
a
dve
r
s
e
e
ve
nt
s
.
‒
S
e
c
ti
on 3.3 pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
de
ta
il
s
of
t
hi
s
e
ngi
ne
'
s
l
ogi
c
.
‒
T
he
s
y
s
te
m
r
e
a
d
s
th
e
pha
r
m
a
c
is
t’
s
a
le
r
ts
a
nd
e
vi
de
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d
c
li
ni
c
a
l,
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
,
a
nd
pha
r
m
a
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
ti
ons
.
iii)
A
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
la
ye
r
:
it
c
om
e
s
in
to
c
ont
a
c
t
w
it
h t
he
e
nd
-
us
e
r
.
‒
P
ha
r
m
a
c
i
s
t
d
a
s
hb
oa
r
d:
u
s
e
s
AI
-
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d
a
le
r
t
s
,
p
a
ti
e
nt
r
i
s
k
s
c
or
e
s
,
a
n
d
w
or
kf
lo
w
opt
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
to
o
ls
.
‒
P
a
ti
e
nt
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on:
pr
ovi
de
s
c
us
to
m
iz
e
d
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
,
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
a
nd
a
li
ne
of
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
w
it
h t
he
pha
r
m
a
c
y.
3.3
.
P
e
r
s
on
al
iz
at
io
n
lo
gi
c
T
hi
s
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
is
e
s
ta
bl
is
he
d
th
r
ough
a
f
e
e
dba
c
k
lo
op
of
dyna
m
ic
in
te
r
pl
a
y
in
th
e
A
I
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g l
a
ye
r
.
T
he
l
ogi
c
ope
r
a
te
s
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
:
i)
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
da
ta
:
pa
ti
e
nt
-
le
ve
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
r
om
t
he
da
ta
l
a
ye
r
(
e
.g., a
ge
, w
e
ig
ht
,
ge
ne
ti
c
m
a
r
ke
r
s
, a
nd
co
-
m
or
bi
di
ti
e
s
, r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
vi
ta
ls
f
r
om
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
s
)
pour
s
i
nt
o t
he
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
a
ti
on e
ngi
ne
.
ii
)
P
r
of
i
le
c
r
e
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
r
is
k
p
r
o
f
il
in
g
:
M
L
s
o
lu
ti
ons
a
l
go
r
i
th
m
ic
a
ll
y
pa
r
s
e
th
is
da
ta
to
f
o
r
m
a
l
iv
e
pr
of
il
e
o
f
pa
ti
e
nt
s
.
T
hi
s
e
nc
o
m
pa
s
s
e
s
th
e
r
is
k
s
c
o
r
e
of
no
n
-
a
d
he
r
e
nc
e
,
a
d
ve
r
s
e
d
r
u
g
r
e
a
c
t
io
n,
a
n
d
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
f
a
il
u
r
e
.
iii)
I
nt
e
r
ve
nt
io
n
s
e
le
c
ti
on:
gi
ve
n
th
e
pr
o
f
il
e
a
nd
r
is
k
s
c
or
e
,
th
e
e
ngi
ne
s
e
le
c
ts
f
r
om
a
li
s
t
of
c
us
to
m
iz
e
d
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
ns
.
F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
:
‒
A
p
a
t
ie
n
t
c
la
s
s
e
d
a
s
hi
gh
-
r
is
k
f
or
n
on
-
a
dhe
r
e
n
c
e
c
a
n
be
s
e
nt
m
o
r
e
r
e
m
i
nde
r
s
,
a
nd
e
ve
n
c
ont
e
x
t
-
a
w
a
r
e
one
s
.
‒
A
pa
ti
e
nt
w
it
h
a
c
e
r
ta
in
g
e
ne
ti
c
m
a
r
ke
r
w
oul
d
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
f
ir
e
of
f
a
n
a
le
r
t
to
th
e
ph
a
r
m
a
c
is
t
to
tr
y
a
not
he
r
dr
ug i
ns
te
a
d.
iv
)
D
e
li
ve
r
y
a
nd
tr
a
c
ki
ng:
th
e
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
n
s
tr
a
te
gy
s
e
le
c
te
d
(
e
.g.,
ta
il
or
e
d
r
e
m
in
de
r
,
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
m
e
s
s
a
ge
,
pha
r
m
a
c
y
a
le
r
t)
is
de
li
ve
r
e
d
f
r
om
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
la
ye
r
.
T
h
e
s
ys
te
m
s
ub
s
e
que
nt
ly
tr
a
c
k
s
th
e
le
ve
l
of
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
a
m
ong
p
a
ti
e
nt
s
a
nd
upda
te
s
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
ir
he
a
lt
h
da
ta
a
s
it
a
na
ly
z
e
s
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
bi
li
ty
of
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
n.
v)
F
e
e
d
ba
c
k
lo
op
:
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
(
e
.g
.,
m
e
di
c
a
t
io
n
ta
ke
n
a
nd
he
a
l
th
m
e
t
r
i
c
im
p
r
ov
e
d
)
a
r
e
a
ls
o
br
ou
gh
t
ba
c
k
in
t
o
t
he
s
ys
te
m
s
o
th
a
t
M
L
m
od
e
ls
c
a
n
it
e
r
a
te
t
o
f
u
r
t
he
r
r
e
f
in
e
a
nd
im
p
r
ov
e
pe
r
s
o
na
l
iz
a
ti
on
lo
g
ic
f
o
r
th
is
i
nd
iv
id
ua
l.
3.4
.
E
val
u
at
io
n
m
e
t
r
ic
s
T
he
A
I
s
ys
te
m
is
c
om
pa
r
e
d
w
it
h
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
ba
s
e
d
on
m
ul
ti
pl
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
in
f
ou
r
dom
a
in
s
.
T
he
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
th
e
s
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
w
a
s
in
f
or
m
e
d
by
a
c
om
bi
na
ti
on
of
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
e
s
ta
bl
is
he
d
in
th
e
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
vi
e
w
[
1]
,
[
2]
,
[
6]
.
T
a
bl
e
2
out
li
ne
s
th
e
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
m
e
tr
ic
s
u
s
e
d
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
AI
-
dr
iv
e
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
a
c
r
os
s
f
our
dom
a
in
s
:
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
c
li
ni
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
ty
,
pa
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
,
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
gove
r
na
nc
e
.
T
he
s
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
s
in
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
s
pe
e
d,
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
pa
ti
e
nt
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
, a
nd
c
om
pl
ia
nc
e
w
it
h pr
iv
a
c
y a
nd t
r
a
ns
p
a
r
e
n
c
y s
ta
nda
r
ds
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
A
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8814
AI
-
in
te
gr
at
e
d phar
m
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
br
id
gi
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e
c
hnol
ogy
, e
th
ic
s
, a
nd pati
e
nt
c
ar
e
(
A
di
E
l
-
D
al
ahm
e
h)
1309
T
a
bl
e
2
.
A
I
i
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y s
y
s
te
m
e
va
lu
a
ti
on me
tr
ic
s
D
om
a
i
n
E
va
l
ua
t
i
on
m
e
t
r
ic
D
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
O
pe
r
a
t
i
ona
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
P
r
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng t
i
m
e
T
i
m
e
f
r
om
p
r
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on r
e
c
e
i
pt
t
o f
i
na
l
ve
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on (
i
n m
i
nut
e
s
)
O
pe
r
a
t
i
ona
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
I
nve
nt
or
y t
ur
nove
r
r
a
t
i
o
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
of
i
nve
nt
or
y
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
O
pe
r
a
t
i
ona
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
P
ha
r
m
a
c
i
s
t
i
nt
e
r
ve
nt
i
on r
a
t
e
t
i
m
e
s
of
A
I
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
t
i
ons
c
a
n be
c
or
r
e
c
t
e
d.
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
M
e
di
c
a
t
i
on e
r
r
or
r
a
t
e
P
r
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ons
w
i
t
h e
r
r
or
s
(
e
.g., i
nc
or
r
e
c
t
dr
ug na
m
e
, dos
e
, or
dur
a
t
i
on)
be
f
or
e
a
nd a
f
t
e
r
A
I
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
D
r
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
on a
l
e
r
t
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
P
r
e
c
i
s
i
on i
n A
I
-
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d dr
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
on a
l
e
r
t
s
(
t
r
ue
pos
i
t
i
ve
s
/
[
t
r
ue
pos
i
t
i
ve
s
+
f
a
l
s
e
po
s
i
t
i
v
e
s
]
)
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
A
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug e
ve
nt
r
e
duc
t
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on
R
a
t
e
of
r
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por
t
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d
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dve
r
s
e
dr
ug e
ve
nt
s
dur
i
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be
nc
hm
a
r
k pe
r
i
od
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.g., i
n t
ot
a
l
or
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ve
r
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r
da
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t
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e
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-
c
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out
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om
e
s
M
e
di
c
a
t
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on a
dhe
r
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e
r
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t
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M
e
a
s
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he
pr
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t
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ove
r
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D
C
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a
t
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-
c
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r
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c
out
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om
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a
t
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e
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s
a
t
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a
c
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on s
c
or
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S
t
a
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z
e
d s
ur
ve
ys
, l
i
ke
t
he
N
e
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P
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om
ot
e
r
S
c
or
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e
t
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be
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t
w
a
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o m
e
a
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h d
a
t
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a
t
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-
c
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nt
r
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c
out
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om
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s
P
a
t
i
e
nt
e
m
pow
e
r
m
e
nt
S
ur
ve
ys
of
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
on c
onc
e
r
ni
ng t
he
f
unc
t
i
on a
nd s
i
de
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
m
e
di
c
a
t
i
on
E
t
hi
c
a
l
a
nd t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
gove
r
na
nc
e
A
l
gor
i
t
hm
i
c
bi
a
s
a
udi
t
T
he
que
s
t
i
on i
s
w
he
t
he
r
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
t
i
on a
c
c
ur
a
c
y v
a
r
i
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
de
m
ogr
a
phi
c
gr
oups
s
uc
h a
s
a
ge
, ge
nde
r
, a
nd e
t
hni
c
i
t
y.
E
t
hi
c
a
l
a
nd t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
gove
r
na
nc
e
S
ys
t
e
m
t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y a
nd
e
xpl
a
i
na
bi
l
i
t
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C
a
n t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
pr
ovi
de
a
n unde
r
s
t
a
nda
bl
e
r
e
a
s
on f
or
a
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
t
i
on (
e
.g., us
i
ng e
xpl
a
i
na
bl
e
A
I
-
X
A
I
)
?
E
t
hi
c
a
l
a
nd t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
gove
r
na
nc
e
D
a
t
a
pr
i
va
c
y a
nd s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
c
om
pl
i
a
nc
e
A
udi
t
l
ogs
a
nd s
e
c
ur
i
t
y pe
ne
t
r
a
t
i
on t
e
s
t
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
c
om
pl
i
a
nc
e
w
i
t
h s
t
a
nda
r
ds
l
i
ke
H
I
P
A
A
/
G
D
P
R
.
3.5
.
D
at
a
s
ou
r
c
e
s
an
d
c
on
c
e
p
t
u
al
s
im
u
la
t
io
n
s
A
s
th
e
s
tu
dy
w
a
s
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
in
na
tu
r
e
,
a
c
tu
a
l
de
pl
oym
e
nt
da
ta
w
e
r
e
not
a
va
il
a
bl
e
.
T
hus
,
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
r
e
li
e
s
on
a
n
a
n
a
ly
s
is
of
s
e
c
ond
a
r
y
da
ta
f
r
om
S
c
op
us
-
in
de
xe
d
pe
e
r
-
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d
a
r
ti
c
le
s
a
nd
r
e
por
ts
f
r
om
r
e
gul
a
to
r
y
a
ge
nc
ie
s
s
uc
h
a
s
th
e
W
H
O
a
nd
th
e
E
U
c
om
m
is
s
io
n.
A
pr
ot
ot
ypi
c
a
l
c
om
pa
r
a
ti
ve
a
n
a
ly
s
is
,
ba
s
e
d
on
s
im
ul
a
ti
on
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
e
va
lu
a
ti
on,
w
a
s
e
s
ta
bl
is
he
d
to
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
s
om
e
of
th
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
a
nd da
nge
r
s
pos
e
d by the
pr
opos
e
d s
ys
t
e
m
a
s
a
bl
ue
pr
in
t
f
or
f
ut
u
r
e
e
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
3.5
.
E
t
h
ic
al
c
on
s
id
e
r
at
io
n
s
E
th
ic
a
l
c
ons
id
e
r
a
ti
ons
w
e
r
e
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
th
r
oughout
th
e
s
tu
dy,
d
e
s
pi
te
th
e
a
bs
e
n
c
e
of
hum
a
n
s
ubj
e
c
ts
a
nd
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
e
x
e
m
pt
io
n
f
r
om
I
R
B
a
ppr
ova
l.
T
o
e
ns
u
r
e
r
e
s
pons
ib
le
s
ys
te
m
d
e
s
ig
n,
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
c
or
por
a
te
d pr
in
c
ip
le
s
f
r
om
publi
s
he
d l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
on AI
t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y, da
ta
pr
iv
a
c
y, a
nd f
a
ir
ne
s
s
. T
h
e
s
e
e
th
ic
a
l
gui
de
li
ne
s
in
f
or
m
e
d
bot
h
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
a
nd
th
e
c
r
it
e
r
ia
us
e
d
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
it
s
s
a
f
e
ty
, r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
, a
nd s
oc
ie
ta
l
im
pa
c
t.
4.
N
E
E
D
F
O
R
A
I
I
N
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
A
s
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
A
I
in
to
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
ga
in
s
m
o
m
e
nt
um
,
it
s
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
m
us
t
be
a
ppr
oa
c
he
d
w
it
h
c
a
r
e
f
ul
pl
a
nni
ng
a
nd
th
oughtf
ul
c
ons
id
e
r
a
ti
on
[
12]
.
W
hi
le
A
I
ha
s
th
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
to
tr
a
n
s
f
or
m
th
e
f
ie
ld
th
r
ough
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
ongoing
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
,
e
ns
ur
in
g
it
s
us
e
r
e
m
a
in
s
e
th
ic
a
l
a
nd
r
e
s
pons
ib
le
is
vi
ta
l
[
10]
.
T
o
m
a
xi
m
iz
e
it
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
,
pot
e
nt
ia
l
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
a
nd
li
m
it
a
ti
ons
m
u
s
t
be
th
or
oughly
e
xa
m
in
e
d.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
a
dopt
in
g
a
w
e
ll
-
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
d,
e
vi
de
nc
e
-
dr
iv
e
n
s
tr
a
te
gy
is
c
r
it
ic
a
l
f
or
th
e
s
a
f
e
a
nd e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
i
nc
or
por
a
ti
on of
A
I
i
nt
o pha
r
m
a
c
y pr
a
c
ti
c
e
.
C
ha
tG
P
T
s
a
i
d
,
th
e
gr
ow
i
ng
gl
o
ba
l
po
pul
a
ti
on
s
ta
n
ds
t
o
be
n
e
f
it
gr
e
a
tl
y
f
r
o
m
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
he
lp
m
e
e
t
th
e
r
i
s
in
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
or
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
[
9]
.
B
y
de
li
ve
r
in
g
c
us
to
m
iz
e
d
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
c
ont
in
uou
s
pa
ti
e
nt
s
up
por
t,
A
I
e
n
ha
nc
e
s
a
dh
e
r
e
n
c
e
t
o
tr
e
a
tm
e
n
t
pl
a
ns
,
r
e
du
c
in
g
th
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
vi
s
it
s
[
8]
.
T
hi
s
n
ot
o
nl
y
a
ll
e
vi
a
t
e
s
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
on
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
i
nf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
s
but
a
l
s
o
im
pr
ove
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o m
e
di
c
a
l
c
a
r
e
. F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
, A
I
pl
a
y
s
a
vi
t
a
l
r
ol
e
i
n r
e
du
c
in
g m
e
di
c
a
ti
on e
r
r
or
s
a
n
d a
voi
d
in
g
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
o
ns
,
le
a
di
ng
to
be
tt
e
r
p
a
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
ov
e
r
a
ll
he
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
e
x
pe
nd
it
ur
e
s
[
15]
.
B
y
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ni
ng
dr
u
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
a
nd
a
s
s
i
s
ti
ng
h
e
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
n
a
ls
,
A
I
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
s
t
o
ov
e
r
c
om
in
g
th
e
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
br
ought
a
bo
ut
by
popul
a
ti
on
gr
ow
th
a
n
d t
he
i
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng ne
e
d f
or
m
e
di
c
a
l
s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
[
1
6]
.
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
ng
A
I
in
to
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
c
a
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
po
s
it
iv
e
gl
o
ba
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
i
n
m
ul
t
ip
l
e
w
a
y
s
[
1
7]
.
T
o
be
g
in
w
it
h
,
A
I
c
a
n
e
nh
a
n
c
e
he
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bi
li
ty
b
y
of
f
e
r
in
g
i
ndi
vi
du
a
li
z
e
d
m
e
di
c
a
ti
o
n
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
c
on
ti
n
uo
us
s
up
por
t
,
e
na
bl
i
ng pa
ti
e
nt
s
t
o
h
a
n
dl
e
th
e
ir
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
nt
s
m
or
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
l
y
w
hi
l
e
m
in
i
m
i
z
in
g
th
e
n
e
e
d
f
or
f
r
e
q
ue
nt
f
a
c
e
-
to
-
f
a
c
e
c
on
s
u
lt
a
ti
on
s
—
a
n
e
s
p
e
c
ia
l
ly
v
a
l
ua
bl
e
b
e
n
e
f
it
f
or
th
o
s
e
l
iv
i
ng
i
n
r
e
m
ot
e
or
un
de
r
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
r
e
a
s
.
M
or
e
o
ve
r
,
AI
c
a
n
he
l
p
r
e
du
c
e
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
e
x
p
e
nd
it
ur
e
s
b
y
m
in
i
m
i
z
in
g
m
e
di
c
a
ti
o
n
e
r
r
or
s
a
n
d
a
v
oi
d
in
g
a
dv
e
r
s
e
dr
ug
in
t
e
r
a
c
ti
o
n
s
,
th
e
r
e
by
lo
w
e
r
in
g
ho
s
pi
t
a
li
z
a
ti
on
r
a
t
e
s
a
n
d
o
ve
r
a
l
l
m
e
d
ic
a
l
c
o
s
ts
[
18
]
.
B
y
a
ut
o
m
a
t
in
g
r
e
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
a
dm
i
ni
s
tr
a
ti
ve
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
,
A
I
a
l
s
o
e
a
s
e
s
t
he
b
ur
d
e
n
on
he
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
pr
o
f
e
s
s
i
on
a
l
s
,
e
na
bl
i
ng
th
e
m
t
o
de
d
ic
a
t
e
m
or
e
ti
m
e
t
o c
om
pl
e
x pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
a
nd
i
m
pr
o
vi
ng
t
he
o
ve
r
a
ll
qu
a
li
ty
of
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
.
I
n e
s
s
e
nc
e
,
A
I
-
dr
iv
e
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
ol
d
th
e
pr
om
i
s
e
of
i
m
pr
ovi
ng pa
ti
e
nt
ou
tc
o
m
e
s
, de
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
c
os
ts
, a
n
d
e
xp
a
n
di
n
g
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o
m
e
di
c
a
l
s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
,
ul
t
im
a
t
e
ly
f
o
s
t
e
r
i
ng
a
m
or
e
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
t
a
nd
e
q
ui
t
a
b
le
gl
ob
a
l
he
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1310
5.
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
P
R
O
C
E
S
S
O
F
A
I
I
N
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
T
he
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
or
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
A
I
-
a
dm
in
is
te
r
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
m
a
y
in
vol
ve
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
s
te
p
s
[
19]
,
[
20]
.
T
he
s
e
s
te
ps
ty
pi
c
a
ll
y
be
gi
n
w
it
h
de
f
in
in
g
m
e
a
s
ur
a
bl
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
r
e
la
te
d
to
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
s
a
f
e
ty
,
a
nd
pa
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
,
f
ol
lo
w
e
d
b
y
a
ppl
yi
ng
e
s
t
a
bl
is
he
d
b
e
nc
hm
a
r
ks
f
r
om
pr
io
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
F
in
a
ll
y,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
’
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
is
c
om
pa
r
e
d
a
ga
in
s
t
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y
w
or
kf
lo
w
s
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
t
he
e
xt
e
nt
of
i
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
a
nd i
de
nt
if
y a
ny r
e
m
a
in
in
g ga
ps
.
5.1
.
D
e
f
in
in
g t
h
e
p
ar
am
e
t
e
r
s
T
o
be
gi
n
w
it
h,
it
is
i
m
por
ta
nt
to
e
s
ta
bl
is
h
a
c
le
a
r
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
th
a
t
s
pe
c
if
ie
s
th
e
ke
y
a
s
pe
c
ts
to
be
a
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
—
s
uc
h
a
s
how
m
e
di
c
a
ti
ons
a
r
e
m
a
na
ge
d,
how
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
r
e
m
oni
to
r
e
d
a
nd
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
d
w
it
h,
how
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
a
nd
a
dve
r
s
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
a
r
e
de
te
c
t
e
d,
a
nd
how
E
H
R
s
a
nd
a
na
ly
ti
c
a
l
da
t
a
a
r
e
ut
il
iz
e
d.
S
e
tt
in
g
th
e
s
e
be
n
c
hm
a
r
ks
pr
ovi
de
s
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
ba
s
is
f
or
e
va
lu
a
ti
ng
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
n
e
s
s
of
AI
w
it
hi
n
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
M
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
is
a
c
r
it
ic
a
l
dom
a
in
w
he
r
e
A
I
c
a
n
e
nha
nc
e
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
r
e
duc
e
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
e
r
r
or
s
,
a
nd
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
th
a
t
pa
ti
e
nt
s
r
e
c
e
iv
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
pr
om
pt
ly
.
P
a
ti
e
nt
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
is
a
c
r
uc
ia
l
a
s
pe
c
t,
s
in
c
e
A
I
m
a
y
of
f
e
r
r
ou
nd
-
th
e
-
c
lo
c
k
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
,
a
ddr
e
s
s
p
a
ti
e
nt
in
qui
r
ie
s
,
a
nd
di
s
pa
tc
h
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
A
I
c
a
n
im
pr
ove
pa
ti
e
nt
m
oni
to
r
in
g
by
m
e
a
s
ur
in
g
vi
ta
l
s
ig
ns
a
nd
ot
he
r
he
a
lt
h
m
e
tr
ic
s
,
not
if
y
in
g
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
a
c
ti
ti
one
r
s
of
pot
e
nt
ia
l
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
pr
io
r
t
o t
he
ir
e
s
c
a
la
ti
on.
A
I
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
s
to
th
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
of
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
a
nd
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
r
e
s
pons
e
s
.
B
y
pr
ovi
di
ng
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
not
if
ic
a
ti
ons
,
it
c
a
n
a
s
s
is
t
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
in
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
a
nd
a
ve
r
ti
ng
de
tr
im
e
nt
a
l
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
A
I
c
a
n
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
w
it
h
E
H
R
s
ys
te
m
s
to
de
li
ve
r
c
ur
r
e
nt
pa
ti
e
nt
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
be
tt
e
r
-
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
de
c
is
io
ns
.
U
ti
li
z
in
g
da
ta
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s
,
A
I
c
a
n
di
s
c
e
r
n
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
tr
e
nds
in
p
a
ti
e
nt
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
pr
ovi
di
ng
in
s
ig
ht
s
to
e
nha
n
c
e
ove
r
a
ll
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
out
c
om
e
s
.
B
y
de
li
ne
a
ti
ng
th
e
s
e
di
m
e
ns
io
n
s
a
nd
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
A
I
'
s
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
on
e
a
c
h,
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
c
a
n
ga
in
a
c
le
a
r
e
r
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
io
n of
i
ts
pr
os
pe
c
ti
ve
u
s
e
s
i
n ph
a
r
m
a
c
y a
nd
it
s
c
ont
r
ib
u
ti
on t
o e
nha
nc
in
g pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
.
5.2
.
D
e
ve
lo
p
in
g
m
e
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
t
ool
s
T
o
pr
e
c
is
e
ly
e
va
lu
a
te
A
I
'
s
e
f
f
ic
a
c
y,
it
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
de
ve
lo
p
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
s
f
or
qua
nt
if
yi
ng
e
a
c
h
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
,
s
uc
h
a
s
s
ur
ve
ys
,
qu
e
s
ti
onna
ir
e
s
,
or
da
ta
-
ga
th
e
r
in
g
f
or
m
s
.
T
he
c
hoi
c
e
of
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
s
is
c
ont
in
ge
nt
upon the
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
unde
r
i
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
on. M
e
di
c
a
ti
on a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
c
a
n be
m
oni
to
r
e
d vi
a
a
lo
ggi
ng
to
ol
w
he
r
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
doc
um
e
nt
th
e
ir
dos
e
s
,
w
hi
le
th
e
e
f
f
ic
a
c
y
of
pa
ti
e
nt
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
c
a
n
be
e
va
lu
a
te
d t
hr
ough s
ur
ve
ys
m
e
a
s
ur
in
g s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
on
w
it
h A
I
-
m
e
di
a
te
d i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
.
U
pon
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
,
th
e
s
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
r
e
qui
r
e
v
a
li
da
ti
on
to
c
onf
ir
m
th
e
ir
pr
e
c
is
io
n
a
nd
de
pe
nda
bi
li
ty
.
T
he
va
li
da
ti
on
pr
oc
e
dur
e
m
a
y
e
nt
a
il
t
e
s
ti
ng
a
li
m
it
e
d
c
ohor
t
of
pa
ti
e
nt
s
or
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
to
id
e
nt
if
y
di
s
c
r
e
pa
n
c
ie
s
or
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
f
or
e
n
ha
nc
e
m
e
nt
.
E
ns
ur
in
g
th
a
t
th
e
s
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
r
e
gul
a
r
ly
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
e
ly
e
va
lu
a
te
th
e
ir
in
te
nde
d
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
e
n
a
bl
e
s
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
s
to
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
a
s
s
e
s
s
A
I
'
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
n
e
s
s
a
nd e
nha
nc
e
i
ts
de
pl
oym
e
nt
i
n pha
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
te
m
s
.
5.3
.
C
ol
le
c
t
in
g
d
at
a
C
ol
le
c
ti
ng
da
ta
is
a
c
r
uc
ia
l
s
te
p
in
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
im
pa
c
t
of
A
I
w
it
hi
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
.
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on
c
a
n be
s
our
c
e
d f
r
om
va
r
io
us
c
ha
nne
ls
, s
uc
h a
s
pa
ti
e
nt
s
, he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
a
c
ti
ti
one
r
s
, a
nd E
H
R
s
. P
a
ti
e
nt
s
c
a
n of
f
e
r
va
lu
a
bl
e
in
put
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
th
e
ir
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
w
it
h
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
s
ys
te
m
s
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
c
a
n
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
de
ta
il
s
a
bout
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
t
io
ns
a
nd
a
dve
r
s
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
E
H
R
s
pr
ovi
de
a
n
e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
r
e
pos
it
or
y
of
pa
ti
e
nt
hi
s
to
r
ie
s
,
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
,
a
nd
c
li
ni
c
a
l
out
c
om
e
s
,
s
e
r
vi
ng
a
s
a
n
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
f
ounda
ti
on f
or
a
na
ly
s
is
.
A
f
te
r
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on,
it
m
us
t
be
c
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
a
na
ly
z
e
d
to
id
e
nt
if
y
tr
e
nds
,
c
or
r
e
la
ti
ons
,
a
nd
a
r
e
a
s
f
or
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
.
T
hi
s
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
he
lp
s
a
s
s
e
s
s
A
I
’
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
e
nha
n
c
in
g
th
e
de
f
in
e
d
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
nd
gui
de
s
f
ut
ur
e
opt
im
iz
a
ti
on e
f
f
o
r
ts
. A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y, m
a
in
ta
in
in
g da
ta
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y, c
om
pl
e
te
ne
s
s
, a
nd c
onf
id
e
nt
ia
li
ty
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l,
r
e
qui
r
in
g a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
t
o da
ta
s
e
c
ur
it
y a
nd e
th
ic
a
l
pr
o
to
c
ol
s
.
5.4
.
A
n
al
yz
in
g
t
h
e
d
at
a
F
ol
lo
w
in
g
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on,
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
a
l
a
nd
ML
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
s
houl
d
be
a
ppl
ie
d
to
a
na
ly
z
e
th
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
de
te
c
t
m
e
a
ni
ngf
ul
p
a
tt
e
r
ns
or
tr
e
nds
.
T
hi
s
p
r
oc
e
s
s
c
a
n
yi
e
ld
c
r
it
ic
a
l
in
s
ig
ht
s
in
to
pa
ti
e
nt
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
pot
e
nt
ia
l
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
s
,
a
nd a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
e
v
e
nt
s
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
s
e
in
s
ig
ht
s
,
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
c
a
n f
or
m
ul
a
te
i
ndi
vi
dua
li
z
e
d t
r
e
a
tm
e
nt
pl
a
ns
a
im
e
d a
t
m
in
im
iz
i
ng t
he
r
i
s
k of
ne
ga
ti
ve
he
a
lt
h outc
om
e
s
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
c
a
n
i
de
nt
if
y
d
e
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
a
nd
pr
os
pe
c
t
s
f
or
e
nh
a
n
c
e
m
e
nt
w
it
hi
n
th
e
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
f
a
d
he
r
e
n
c
e
r
a
te
s
a
r
e
lo
w
,
i
ni
t
ia
ti
v
e
s
li
ke
i
m
p
r
ov
e
d
p
a
t
ie
nt
e
du
c
a
ti
on
or
a
u
to
m
a
t
e
d
r
e
m
in
d
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
m
a
y
b
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
to
p
r
om
ot
e
c
om
p
li
a
n
c
e
.
T
hr
oug
h
ong
oi
n
g
d
a
t
a
a
na
ly
s
i
s
,
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
pr
a
c
t
it
i
on
e
r
s
c
a
n o
pt
i
m
i
z
e
p
ha
r
m
a
c
y
op
e
r
a
ti
on
s
,
r
e
s
ul
t
in
g
i
n i
m
pr
o
ve
d
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
a
n
d
e
n
ha
nc
e
d
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
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:
2252
-
8814
AI
-
in
te
gr
at
e
d phar
m
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
br
id
gi
ng t
e
c
hnol
ogy
, e
th
ic
s
, a
nd pati
e
nt
c
ar
e
(
A
di
E
l
-
D
al
ahm
e
h)
1311
5.5
.
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
in
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
T
he
s
ubs
e
qu
e
nt
s
t
a
ge
f
oc
u
s
e
s
on
in
te
r
pr
e
ti
ng
th
e
a
na
ly
ti
c
a
l
f
in
di
ngs
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
how
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
A
I
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
s
to
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
e
nha
nc
e
s
pa
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
,
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
s
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
e
xpe
ns
e
s
.
T
hi
s
s
t
e
p
e
nt
a
il
s
e
xa
m
in
in
g
th
e
c
or
r
e
la
ti
ons
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
de
f
in
e
d
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
nd
th
e
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
of
A
I
on
e
a
c
h
of
th
e
m
.
F
o
r
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
if
th
e
a
na
ly
s
is
s
how
s
th
a
t
A
I
m
a
r
ke
dl
y
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
it
im
pl
ie
s
th
a
t
AI
-
ba
s
e
d
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
ns
c
a
n
im
pr
ove
pa
ti
e
nt
he
a
lt
h
out
c
o
m
e
s
w
hi
le
lo
w
e
r
in
g
to
ta
l
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
c
o
s
ts
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y, e
va
lu
a
ti
ng A
I
’
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
i
n c
om
pa
r
is
on t
o c
o
nve
nt
io
na
l
pha
r
m
a
c
y s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n hi
ghl
ig
ht
i
ts
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
a
nd
li
m
it
a
ti
ons
,
of
f
e
r
in
g
va
lu
a
bl
e
di
r
e
c
ti
on
f
or
f
ut
ur
e
e
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
s
.
I
de
nt
if
yi
ng
th
e
ke
y
f
a
c
to
r
s
be
hi
nd
A
I
’
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
c
a
n
he
lp
s
ha
pe
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
to
br
oa
de
n
it
s
a
dopt
io
n
w
it
hi
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
i
ts
i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on i
nt
o t
he
w
id
e
r
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k.
5.6
.
A
d
j
u
s
t
in
g
p
ar
am
e
t
e
r
s
B
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
f
in
di
ngs
,
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
m
odi
f
ic
a
ti
ons
c
a
n
be
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
to
e
nha
nc
e
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
of
A
I
in
m
a
na
gi
ng
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
c
he
dul
e
s
a
nd
de
li
ve
r
in
g
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
.
F
or
in
s
ta
nc
e
,
if
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
r
a
te
s
a
r
e
f
ound
to
be
be
lo
w
e
xpe
c
t
a
ti
ons
,
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
r
e
m
in
de
r
f
r
e
que
nc
y
or
m
a
ki
ng
r
e
m
in
de
r
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
m
or
e
e
nga
gi
ng
c
oul
d
be
a
dopt
e
d.
S
im
il
a
r
ly
,
if
th
e
s
ys
te
m
de
te
c
ts
a
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
num
be
r
of
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
or
a
dve
r
s
e
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
,
a
ddi
ti
ona
l
s
a
f
e
ty
not
if
ic
a
ti
ons
or
pr
e
ve
nt
iv
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
c
a
n be
i
nt
r
oduc
e
d.
T
hi
s
r
e
f
in
e
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
s
houl
d
r
e
m
a
in
c
ont
in
uous
,
a
s
ongoi
ng
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
i
s
m
a
y
unc
ove
r
f
ur
th
e
r
a
r
e
a
s
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
.
I
nc
or
por
a
ti
ng
pa
ti
e
nt
f
e
e
dba
c
k
i
s
a
ls
o
vi
ta
l
to
e
n
s
ur
e
th
a
t
A
I
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
e
m
a
in
r
e
s
pons
iv
e
to
us
e
r
s
’
ne
e
d
s
a
nd
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
.
C
ons
is
t
e
nt
upda
te
s
a
nd
opt
im
iz
a
ti
on
of
A
I
-
e
na
bl
e
d
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
ul
ti
m
a
te
ly
s
tr
e
ngt
he
n
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
im
pr
ove
pa
ti
e
nt
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
le
a
d
to
be
tt
e
r
ove
r
a
ll
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
out
c
om
e
s
.
5.7
.
C
on
t
in
u
ou
s
m
on
it
or
in
g an
d
e
val
u
at
io
n
C
ont
in
u
ou
s
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
r
e
c
r
uc
i
a
l
to
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
th
a
t
A
I
c
o
ns
i
s
te
nt
ly
de
l
iv
e
r
s
us
e
f
ul
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
to
p
a
ti
e
nt
s
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
s
.
R
out
i
ne
e
v
a
l
ua
ti
on
s
e
na
bl
e
pha
r
m
a
c
i
s
t
s
to
de
te
c
t
pr
ob
le
m
s
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
n
t
r
e
qui
r
e
d
m
odi
f
i
c
a
t
io
n
s
.
I
f
da
t
a
a
n
a
ly
s
is
i
ndi
c
a
te
s
ongoing a
dv
e
r
s
e
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
r
e
a
c
ti
o
ns
d
e
s
pi
te
A
I
i
nt
e
r
ve
nt
io
n
s
, a
dj
us
tm
e
nt
s
c
a
n be
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d t
o i
m
pr
ov
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
a
l
a
r
m
s
ys
t
e
m
s
. L
ik
e
w
i
s
e
, i
f
pa
ti
e
nt
s
e
nc
ou
nt
e
r
di
f
f
ic
ul
t
ie
s
w
i
th
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
A
I
-
e
nh
a
nc
e
d
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
ta
c
ti
c
s
c
a
n
b
e
o
pt
im
iz
e
d
t
o
pr
ovi
de
m
or
e
ta
il
or
e
d
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
a
nd
a
s
s
i
s
ta
n
c
e
.
O
ngoi
n
g
m
o
ni
to
r
in
g
a
ll
ow
s
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
to
m
a
k
e
in
f
or
m
e
d d
e
c
i
s
io
n
s
ba
s
e
d
on d
a
ta
a
nd
a
dj
u
s
t
A
I
c
a
pa
b
il
it
ie
s
t
o
c
ons
i
s
te
n
tl
y
e
nha
nc
e
pa
ti
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
.
6.
T
H
E
R
O
L
E
O
F
A
I
I
N
I
M
P
R
O
V
I
N
G
M
E
D
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S
A
F
E
T
Y
A
N
D
T
H
E
R
A
P
E
U
T
I
C
O
U
T
C
O
M
E
S
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
ng
A
I
in
to
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
-
us
e
pa
th
w
a
y
—
f
r
om
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
in
g
a
nd
di
s
pe
ns
in
g
to
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
—
by
r
e
m
ovi
ng
lo
ng
-
s
ta
ndi
ng
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
in
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
T
hr
ough
a
dva
nc
e
d
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
to
ol
s
,
A
I
e
nha
nc
e
s
s
a
f
e
ty
by
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
r
is
ks
,
opt
im
iz
in
g
dr
ug
s
e
le
c
ti
on,
a
nd
s
uppor
ti
ng
e
vi
de
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng.
T
he
s
e
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
s
c
ol
le
c
ti
ve
ly
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
how
A
I
c
a
n
di
r
e
c
tl
y
a
nd
in
di
r
e
c
tl
y
im
pr
ove
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
out
c
om
e
s
on
bot
h
th
e
pa
ti
e
nt
a
nd s
ys
t
e
m
l
e
ve
ls
.
6.1
.
R
e
d
u
c
t
io
n
of
e
r
r
or
at
t
h
e
p
oi
n
t
of
p
r
e
s
c
r
ip
t
io
n
an
d
d
is
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
A
I
c
a
n
he
lp
r
e
duc
e
e
r
r
or
s
in
di
s
pe
ns
in
g
by
a
ut
om
a
ti
ng
a
nd
c
o
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
in
g
th
e
e
r
r
or
-
pr
one
m
a
nua
l
m
e
th
ods
.
D
e
vi
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
N
L
P
,
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
r
e
a
di
ng
bot
h
ha
nd
w
r
it
te
n
a
nd
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
,
c
a
n
e
ns
ur
e
th
a
t
na
m
e
s
,
dos
a
ge
s
,
a
nd
in
te
r
va
ls
a
r
e
not
m
is
r
e
a
d
th
r
ough
m
a
nua
l
e
nt
r
y
[
1]
,
[
4]
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on,
A
I
-
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
d
C
D
S
S
c
onduc
ts
th
e
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
ve
r
if
ic
a
ti
on
of
e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
da
ta
ba
s
e
s
of
dr
ugs
.
T
he
s
e
to
ol
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
id
e
nt
if
y
w
a
r
ni
ng s
ig
ns
, i
nc
lu
di
ng:
‒
D
D
I
s
:
de
te
c
ti
on of
dr
ug
-
dr
ug i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
.
‒
D
r
ug
-
a
ll
e
r
gy
in
c
ons
is
te
nc
ie
s
:
not
if
yi
ng
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
w
he
n
a
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
or
de
r
e
d
is
in
c
ons
is
te
nt
w
it
h
known bor
r
ow
e
r
a
ll
e
r
gi
e
s
.
‒
M
e
di
c
in
e
unde
r
/o
ve
r
-
dos
in
g:
c
om
pa
r
in
g
a
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
dos
e
w
it
h
pa
ti
e
nt
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
f
a
c
to
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
ge
,
w
e
ig
ht
, r
e
na
l
f
unc
ti
on, a
nd mor
e
t
o pr
e
ve
nt
unde
r
-
dos
in
g or
ov
e
r
-
dos
in
g.
B
y
pr
e
ve
nt
in
g
m
is
ta
ke
s
be
f
or
e
th
e
r
e
le
a
s
e
of
th
e
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on,
A
I
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
va
lu
a
bl
e
s
a
f
e
ty
c
ha
in
,
c
ount
e
r
ba
la
nc
in
g t
he
ove
r
s
ig
ht
of
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
a
nd de
c
r
e
a
s
in
g d
e
pe
nde
nc
e
s
ol
e
ly
on huma
n a
le
r
tn
e
s
s
[
2]
, [
4]
.
6.2
.
P
r
oac
t
iv
e
m
on
it
or
in
g an
d
s
u
r
ve
il
la
n
c
e
of
m
e
d
ic
at
io
n
s
a
f
e
t
y
T
he
ut
il
it
y of
A
I
i
n m
e
di
c
a
ti
on s
a
f
e
ty
c
ont
in
ue
s
be
yond the
be
d
s
id
e
w
it
h pr
oa
c
ti
ve
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on s
a
f
e
ty
s
ur
ve
il
la
nc
e
.
U
s
in
g
ML
to
id
e
nt
if
y
pa
tt
e
r
n
s
in
E
H
R
s
a
nd
p
a
ti
e
nt
-
r
e
por
te
d
he
a
lt
h
m
oni
to
r
in
g
da
ta
,
it
is
pos
s
ib
le
to
e
s
ti
m
a
te
th
e
pr
oba
bi
li
ty
th
a
t
a
gi
ve
n
in
di
vi
dua
l
w
oul
d
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
a
n
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
e
v
e
nt
.
F
or
in
s
ta
nc
e
,
a
n
A
I
s
y
s
te
m
c
oul
d
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
a
pa
ti
e
nt
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
a
ne
w
a
nt
ih
ype
r
te
ns
iv
e
dr
ug
w
ho
is
de
ve
lo
pi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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S
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I
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J
A
dv A
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S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1305
-
1321
1312
m
il
d
s
ig
ns
of
r
e
na
l
in
s
uf
f
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
in
te
r
ve
n
e
be
f
or
e
it
le
a
d
s
t
o
a
n
a
dve
r
s
e
e
ve
nt
[
3]
.
M
ovi
ng
f
r
om
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
s
ur
ve
il
la
nc
e
to
a
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
a
ppr
oa
c
h
pe
r
m
it
s
th
e
pha
r
m
a
c
is
t
to
m
a
na
ge
r
is
ks
be
f
or
e
th
e
y
be
c
om
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
i
s
s
ue
s
s
o t
ha
t
th
e
t
ot
a
l
c
our
s
e
of
t
he
r
a
py i
s
a
t
lo
w
e
r
r
is
k.
6.3
.
I
m
p
r
ovi
n
g
d
e
li
ve
r
y w
it
h
p
e
r
s
on
al
iz
at
io
n
an
d
a
d
h
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
u
p
p
or
t
T
he
ha
ll
m
a
r
k
of
dr
ug
th
e
r
a
py
i
s
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
r
e
s
ul
ts
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
a
dva
nc
e
d
by
A
I
w
it
h
in
di
vi
dua
li
z
e
d
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
a
nd
opt
im
iz
e
d
c
om
pl
ia
nc
e
.
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
c
oul
d
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
pl
a
ns
by
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g a
n
in
di
vi
dua
l’
s
uni
que
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
,
s
uc
h a
s
g
e
n
e
ti
c
s
(
pha
r
m
a
c
oge
nom
ic
s
)
,
c
om
or
bi
di
ti
e
s
,
a
nd
li
f
e
s
ty
le
.
S
uc
h
da
ta
is
a
dva
nt
a
ge
ous
f
or
s
o
-
c
a
ll
e
d
pr
e
c
is
io
n
m
e
di
c
in
e
,
w
he
r
e
a
ll
pa
ti
e
nt
s
r
e
c
e
iv
e
th
e
be
s
t
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
w
it
h
a
lo
w
r
is
k
of
s
id
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
[
6]
,
[
7]
.
T
he
n,
th
e
r
e
’
s
th
e
is
s
ue
of
non
-
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
w
hi
c
h
A
I
is
di
r
e
c
tl
y
a
ddr
e
s
s
in
g.
A
I
-
dr
iv
e
n
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
ys
te
m
s
a
nd
c
ha
tb
ot
s
pr
ovi
de
ta
il
or
e
d
c
ont
e
xt
-
ba
s
e
d
not
if
ic
a
ti
ons
a
nd e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on t
o pa
ti
e
nt
s
.
T
he
s
e
s
ys
te
m
s
m
a
y
be
dyna
m
ic
,
m
odi
f
yi
ng
th
e
in
te
ns
it
y
of
s
uppor
t
ba
s
e
d
on
pa
ti
e
nt
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
w
it
h
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
in
te
ns
iv
e
f
or
th
os
e
a
t
hi
gh
r
is
k
of
m
is
s
e
d
dos
e
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ha
s
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
ta
il
or
e
d
A
I
-
gui
de
d
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
ns
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
im
pr
ove
M
P
R
/P
D
C
,
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
out
c
om
e
s
of
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
in
te
r
e
s
t
[
6]
,
[
12]
.
B
e
tt
e
r
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
ha
s
be
e
n
li
nke
d
w
it
h
im
pr
ove
d
di
s
e
a
s
e
c
ont
r
ol
,
f
e
w
e
r
hos
pi
ta
l
s
ta
y
s
,
a
nd
be
tt
e
r
lo
ng
-
te
r
m
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
out
c
om
e
s
,
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
w
he
n
it
c
om
e
s
to
c
hr
oni
c
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
li
ke
di
a
be
te
s
or
hype
r
te
ns
io
n. I
f
you tur
n t
he
s
ubs
tr
a
te
of
A
I
i
nt
o B
I
o
r
m
a
ke
a
not
he
r
s
ugge
s
ti
on t
o s
e
ll
, i
t
is
r
e
c
om
m
e
nde
d f
or
s
a
f
e
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
jo
ur
ne
ys
.
F
unc
ti
ons
s
u
c
h
a
s
c
h
e
c
ki
ng
dr
ug
e
r
r
or
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y,
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
r
is
k
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
pr
ovi
di
ng
ta
il
or
e
d
c
a
r
e
to
e
n
s
ur
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
ge
t
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
a
ll
he
lp
i
n t
hi
s
r
e
ga
r
d. F
r
om
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
a
ngl
e
, t
hi
s
m
e
th
od n
ot
onl
y pr
e
ve
nt
s
ha
r
m
but
a
ls
o he
lp
s
he
a
l.
7.
K
E
Y
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
P
A
R
A
M
E
T
E
R
S
M
A
N
A
G
E
D
B
Y
A
I
F
ig
ur
e
2
de
pi
c
ts
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
r
ol
e
s
th
a
t
AI
s
uppor
ts
w
it
hi
n
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
pa
ti
e
nt
m
oni
to
r
in
g,
in
ve
nt
or
y
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
of
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
.
A
I
ha
s
th
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
to
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
th
e
pha
r
m
a
c
y
f
ie
ld
by
e
na
bl
in
g
m
or
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
a
nd
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
to
p
a
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
.
T
hi
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
is
a
c
hi
e
v
a
bl
e
th
r
ough
a
dva
nc
e
d
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
th
a
t
ut
il
iz
e
de
e
p
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
,
hum
a
n
-
li
ke
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
w
hi
le
a
ut
om
a
ti
ng
ke
y
f
unc
ti
ons
w
it
hi
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y
ope
r
a
ti
ons
[
21]
.
A
I
c
a
n
be
a
ppl
ie
d
to
f
unda
m
e
nt
a
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
of
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
pa
ti
e
nt
e
ng
a
ge
m
e
nt
,
c
li
ni
c
a
l
m
oni
to
r
in
g,
de
te
c
ti
on
of
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
a
nd
a
dv
e
r
s
e
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
,
E
H
R
in
te
gr
a
ti
on,
a
nd
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
d
a
ta
a
na
ly
s
is
[
13]
.
H
a
r
ne
s
s
in
g
A
I
a
c
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
e
dom
a
in
s
e
na
bl
e
s
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
to
de
li
ve
r
hi
ghe
r
-
qua
li
ty
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
,
a
c
hi
e
ve
be
tt
e
r
c
li
ni
c
a
l
out
c
om
e
s
,
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
ove
r
a
ll
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
e
xpe
ndi
tu
r
e
s
.
T
h
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
tu
dy
in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
s
th
e
di
ve
r
s
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
of
A
I
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
a
nd i
ts
pi
vot
a
l
r
ol
e
i
n i
m
pr
ovi
ng pa
ti
e
nt
-
c
e
nt
e
r
e
d he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
de
li
ve
r
y.
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
A
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
of
AI
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y ope
r
a
ti
ons
8.
C
R
I
T
E
R
I
A
F
O
R
A
I
-
A
D
M
I
N
I
S
T
E
R
E
D
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
P
A
R
A
M
E
T
E
R
S
8.1
.
M
e
d
ic
at
io
n
m
an
age
m
e
n
t
A
I
c
a
n
m
oni
to
r
pa
ti
e
nt
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
,
gu
a
r
a
nt
e
e
in
g a
c
c
ur
a
te
do
s
a
ge
,
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
a
nd
ti
m
e
of
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
ti
on.
A
n
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
A
I
in
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
i
s
e
vi
de
nt
in
di
a
be
te
s
th
e
r
a
py,
w
he
r
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
te
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
m
odi
f
ic
a
ti
ons
of
in
s
ul
in
dos
a
ge
s
[
22]
.
A
I
-
dr
iv
e
n
s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n
is
s
ue
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
f
or
m
e
di
c
in
e
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
ti
on,
tr
a
c
k
bl
ood
gl
uc
os
e
le
ve
ls
vi
a
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
de
vi
c
e
s
,
a
nd
of
f
e
r
ta
il
or
e
d
dos
a
ge
s
ugge
s
ti
ons
.
B
y
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
da
ta
,
A
I
c
a
n
a
i
d
pa
ti
e
nt
s
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
tr
e
a
ti
ng
th
e
ir
di
s
e
a
s
e
,
he
nc
e
di
m
in
is
hi
ng
th
e
li
ke
li
hood
of
c
on
s
e
que
nc
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
di
a
b
e
ti
c
ke
to
a
c
id
os
i
s
or
r
e
ti
nopa
th
y.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
A
I
c
a
n
f
ur
ni
s
h
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
w
it
h
ongoing
in
s
ig
ht
s
i
nt
o
pa
ti
e
nt
c
om
pl
ia
nc
e
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
p
a
tt
e
r
ns
,
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng pr
om
pt
i
nt
e
r
ve
nt
io
ns
w
he
n ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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8814
AI
-
in
te
gr
at
e
d phar
m
ac
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
br
id
gi
ng t
e
c
hnol
ogy
, e
th
ic
s
, a
nd pati
e
nt
c
ar
e
(
A
di
E
l
-
D
al
ahm
e
h)
1313
8.2
.
P
at
ie
n
t
c
om
m
u
n
ic
at
io
n
A
I
c
a
n
im
pr
o
ve
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
pa
r
t
ic
i
pa
ti
o
n
b
y
pr
o
v
id
in
g
t
a
il
or
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d
m
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di
c
a
t
io
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i
n
s
tr
u
c
ti
on
s
a
n
d
r
e
m
in
d
e
r
s
a
nd
a
d
dr
e
s
s
in
g
i
nq
ui
r
i
e
s
r
e
g
a
r
di
n
g
pr
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
s
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
w
he
n
a
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
s
a
n
e
w
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
o
n
a
nd
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
s
a
pp
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
on
s
o
v
e
r
it
s
n
e
ga
ti
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,
A
I
-
dr
i
v
e
n
c
h
a
tb
ot
s
o
r
v
ir
tu
a
l
a
s
s
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s
t
a
n
t
s
c
a
n
f
ur
n
i
s
h
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
,
e
vi
d
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
d
v
ic
e
on
pr
op
e
r
a
dm
in
i
s
t
r
a
ti
o
n,
po
t
e
n
ti
a
l
a
d
ve
r
s
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,
a
n
d
e
s
s
e
n
ti
a
l
p
r
e
c
a
u
ti
on
s
[
2
3]
.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
h
n
ol
og
y
gu
a
r
a
nt
e
e
s
t
ha
t
p
a
t
ie
n
t
s
a
r
e
a
d
e
q
ua
t
e
l
y
in
f
or
m
e
d
,
e
nh
a
n
c
i
ng
c
om
p
li
a
n
c
e
a
nd
a
l
l
e
v
i
a
t
in
g
m
e
di
c
a
t
io
n
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
a
n
xi
e
t
y
.
M
o
r
e
o
ve
r
,
A
I
c
a
n
pr
o
vi
de
c
o
nt
i
nu
ou
s
h
e
l
p,
e
n
a
b
li
ng
h
e
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
ne
l
t
o
c
o
n
c
e
n
tr
a
t
e
o
n
m
o
r
e
in
tr
ic
a
t
e
in
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
w
hi
l
e
gu
a
r
a
nt
e
e
in
g
p
a
t
ie
n
t
s
r
a
p
id
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
d
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
l
e
a
s
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
.
8.3
.
P
at
ie
n
t
m
on
it
or
in
g
A
I
s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n t
r
a
c
k pa
ti
e
nt
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
t
o pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d t
r
e
a
tm
e
nt
pl
a
ns
a
nd noti
f
y he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
of
a
ny
de
vi
a
ti
ons
.
A
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
is
th
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
of
c
hr
oni
c
c
ondi
ti
ons
li
ke
di
a
be
te
s
or
hype
r
te
ns
io
n.
A
I
-
pow
e
r
e
d
to
ol
s
c
a
n
in
te
gr
a
te
w
it
h
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
d
e
vi
c
e
s
to
m
oni
to
r
bl
ood
gl
uc
o
s
e
le
ve
l
s
or
bl
ood
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
,
a
le
r
ti
ng
pa
ti
e
nt
s
w
he
n
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
is
due
a
nd
not
if
yi
ng
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
of
a
ny
c
onc
e
r
ni
ng
tr
e
nds
[
24]
.
I
f
a
pa
ti
e
nt
c
ons
i
s
te
nt
ly
m
is
s
e
s
dos
e
s
or
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
s
f
lu
c
tu
a
ti
ons
in
he
a
lt
h
m
e
tr
ic
s
,
A
I
c
a
n
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
e
a
r
ly
i
nt
e
r
ve
nt
io
n, he
lp
in
g t
o pr
e
ve
nt
c
om
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
a
nd hos
pi
ta
li
z
a
ti
ons
.
8.4
.
D
r
u
g
in
t
e
r
ac
t
io
n
s
c
r
e
e
n
in
g
A
I
ha
s
th
e
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
to
a
na
ly
z
e
a
nd
pr
e
di
c
t
pos
s
ib
le
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
m
e
di
c
a
ti
ons
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
be
twe
e
n dr
ugs
a
nd e
xi
s
ti
ng me
di
c
a
l
c
ondi
ti
ons
, de
li
ve
r
in
g i
ns
ta
nt
not
if
ic
a
ti
ons
t
o both pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
nd he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
to
pr
e
ve
nt
ha
r
m
f
ul
out
c
om
e
s
.
F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
if
a
pa
ti
e
nt
ta
ki
ng
a
nt
ih
ype
r
te
ns
iv
e
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
is
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
a
n
a
nt
id
e
pr
e
s
s
a
nt
,
A
I
c
a
n
a
na
ly
z
e
th
e
pot
e
nt
i
a
l
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
th
e
two
dr
ugs
.
W
he
n
a
r
is
k
is
id
e
nt
if
ie
d,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
c
a
n
is
s
u
e
w
a
r
ni
ngs
a
nd
s
ugge
s
t
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
th
e
r
a
pi
e
s
or
dos
a
ge
a
dj
us
tm
e
nt
s
[
25]
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
A
I
c
a
n
de
te
c
t
dr
ug
–
di
s
e
a
s
e
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
to
e
ns
ur
e
th
a
t
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
s
do
not
a
ggr
a
v
a
te
e
xi
s
ti
ng
he
a
lt
h
c
ondi
ti
ons
.
B
y
c
ont
in
uous
ly
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
da
ta
,
A
I
e
nha
nc
e
s
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
m
in
im
iz
e
s
t
he
l
ik
e
li
hood of
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug r
e
a
c
ti
ons
.
8.5
.
A
d
ve
r
s
e
d
r
u
g r
e
a
c
t
io
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
io
n
A
I
c
a
n
ove
r
s
e
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
f
or
ne
ga
ti
ve
dr
ug
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
by
s
c
r
ut
in
iz
in
g
he
a
lt
h
da
ta
a
nd
de
te
c
ti
ng
e
a
r
ly
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
.
F
or
in
s
ta
nc
e
,
if
a
pa
ti
e
nt
on
a
nt
ih
ype
r
te
n
s
iv
e
m
e
di
c
in
e
e
xhi
bi
ts
ir
r
e
gul
a
r
he
a
r
t
r
a
te
va
r
ia
ti
ons
,
A
I
c
a
n
a
na
ly
z
e
th
is
d
a
ta
a
ga
in
s
t
b
a
s
e
li
ne
le
v
e
ls
to
id
e
nt
if
y
pr
oba
bl
e
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
[
26]
.
T
he
te
c
hnol
ogy
m
ig
ht
s
ubs
e
que
nt
ly
in
f
or
m
th
e
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
a
nd
s
ugge
s
t
m
odi
f
ic
a
ti
ons
to
th
e
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
pl
a
n.
A
I
c
a
n
ga
th
e
r
pa
ti
e
nt
-
r
e
por
te
d
s
ym
pt
om
s
,
e
nha
nc
in
g
th
e
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
i
de
nt
if
y
ba
d
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
pr
om
pt
ly
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
pr
e
ve
nt
iv
e
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
.
8.6
.
I
n
t
e
gr
at
io
n
w
it
h
e
le
c
t
r
on
ic
h
e
al
t
h
r
e
c
or
d
s
A
I
c
a
n
be
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
in
te
gr
a
te
d
w
it
h
E
H
R
s
ys
te
m
s
to
of
f
e
r
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
in
s
ig
ht
s
in
to
pa
ti
e
nt
s
’
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
us
e
a
nd
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
pr
ogr
e
s
s
.
A
m
a
jo
r
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
th
is
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
li
e
s
in
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
r
e
c
onc
il
ia
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
e
ns
ur
e
s
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
a
p
a
ti
e
nt
’
s
c
om
pl
e
te
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
li
s
t
[
27]
.
A
I
is
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
a
na
ly
z
in
g
a
pa
ti
e
nt
’
s
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
hi
s
to
r
y,
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
in
c
ons
is
te
nc
ie
s
,
a
nd
s
ugge
s
ti
ng
s
ui
ta
bl
e
a
dj
us
tm
e
nt
s
.
T
hi
s
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
not
onl
y
le
s
s
e
ns
th
e
m
a
nua
l
w
or
kl
oa
d
f
or
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
but
a
ls
o
m
in
im
iz
e
s
th
e
c
ha
nc
e
s
of
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
e
r
r
or
s
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
s
ov
e
r
a
ll
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on,
A
I
c
a
n
a
le
r
t
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
to
pot
e
nt
ia
l
om
is
s
io
ns
or
in
a
c
c
ur
a
c
i
e
s
in
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
,
th
e
r
e
by
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y of
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
.
8.7
.
D
at
a
an
al
yt
ic
s
f
or
h
e
al
t
h
c
ar
e
i
n
s
ig
h
t
s
A
I
c
a
n
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
xt
e
n
s
iv
e
a
m
ount
s
of
pa
ti
e
nt
da
ta
to
unc
ov
e
r
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
tr
e
nds
a
s
s
oc
ia
te
d
w
it
h
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
pos
s
ib
le
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
a
nd
a
dve
r
s
e
dr
ug
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
.
A
I
-
dr
iv
e
n
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
c
a
n
m
oni
to
r
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
r
a
te
s
a
m
ong
va
r
io
us
pa
ti
e
n
t
popula
ti
ons
,
pi
npoi
nt
in
g
pr
e
va
le
nt
ob
s
ta
c
le
s
to
c
om
pl
ia
nc
e
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
in
tr
ic
a
te
dos
in
g
r
e
gi
m
e
n
s
or
a
dve
r
s
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
[
14]
.
U
ti
li
z
in
g
th
e
s
e
in
s
ig
ht
s
,
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
r
s
c
a
n
de
ve
lo
p
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
ns
,
li
ke
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
r
e
m
in
de
r
s
or
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
ogr
a
m
s
,
to
e
nha
nc
e
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
out
c
om
e
s
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
da
ta
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
c
a
n
id
e
nt
if
y
ove
r
a
r
c
hi
ng
tr
e
nds
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
, f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng t
he
f
or
m
ul
a
ti
on of
m
or
e
e
f
f
ic
a
c
io
us
t
r
e
a
tm
e
nt
m
e
th
ods
a
nd s
uppor
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
9.
P
R
O
S
P
E
C
T
I
V
E
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S
O
F
AI
I
N
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
AI
-
pow
e
r
e
d
vi
r
tu
a
l
a
s
s
i
s
ta
n
ts
a
r
e
r
e
d
e
f
in
in
g t
he
l
a
nd
s
c
a
p
e
of
p
h
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
t
e
m
s
by de
li
ve
r
in
g
in
s
ta
nt
,
pe
r
s
o
na
li
z
e
d
s
uppor
t
to
bot
h
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
pr
ovi
d
e
r
s
.
U
ti
li
z
in
g
s
ophi
s
ti
c
a
te
d
N
L
P
a
n
d
ML
m
o
de
l
s
,
th
e
s
e
s
ys
t
e
m
s
c
a
n u
nde
r
s
ta
nd u
s
e
r
qu
e
r
ie
s
, i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
m
e
di
c
a
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
a
nd g
e
ne
r
a
te
a
c
c
ur
a
te
, c
ont
e
xt
-
a
w
a
r
e
r
e
s
po
ns
e
s
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
.
AI
no
w
pe
r
m
e
a
t
e
s
m
a
ny
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
of
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
—
f
r
om
m
a
na
gi
ng
pr
e
s
c
r
i
pt
io
n
s
a
nd
m
oni
to
r
i
ng
pa
ti
e
nt
h
e
a
lt
h
to
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
dr
ug
in
t
e
r
a
c
t
io
n
s
a
nd
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g
c
li
n
ic
a
l
da
ta
.
B
y
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
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:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1305
-
1321
1314
AI
-
dr
iv
e
n
to
ol
s
,
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
in
s
t
it
ut
io
n
s
c
a
n
im
pr
ov
e
pa
ti
e
nt
o
ut
c
om
e
s
,
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
ope
r
a
ti
on
a
l
e
f
f
ic
i
e
nc
y,
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
ove
r
a
ll
m
e
di
c
a
l
c
os
ts
.
T
hi
s
pa
p
e
r
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
e
xt
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ol
e
s
of
A
I
w
it
hi
n
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
nd
it
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
v
e
i
nf
lu
e
nc
e
on
t
he
e
vol
ut
io
n
of
m
od
e
r
n h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
[
11]
.
A
I
is
r
e
vol
ut
io
ni
z
in
g
m
ode
r
n
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
by
in
tr
oduc
in
g
a
dva
nc
e
d
in
nova
ti
ons
th
a
t
s
pa
n
e
ve
r
y
a
s
pe
c
t
of
th
e
f
ie
ld
.
F
r
om
a
c
c
e
le
r
a
ti
ng
dr
ug
di
s
c
ove
r
y
to
de
li
ve
r
in
g
ta
il
or
e
d
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
,
A
I
opt
im
iz
e
s
a
nd
a
ut
om
a
te
s
c
r
it
ic
a
l
ope
r
a
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
f
or
m
ul
a
ti
on,
th
e
r
a
pe
ut
ic
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng,
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
s
upe
r
vi
s
io
n,
a
nd
c
ont
in
uous
pa
ti
e
nt
tr
a
c
ki
ng.
T
hr
ough
it
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
in
te
r
pr
e
t
e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
c
li
ni
c
a
l
da
ta
s
e
ts
,
A
I
e
m
pow
e
r
s
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
to
m
a
ke
da
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n,
pr
e
c
is
e
,
a
nd
ti
m
e
ly
c
li
ni
c
a
l
de
c
is
io
ns
.
T
hi
s
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
a
dva
nc
e
m
e
nt
not
onl
y
e
nha
n
c
e
s
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
out
c
om
e
s
but
a
ls
o
im
pr
ove
s
w
or
kf
lo
w
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
s
ov
e
r
a
ll
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
c
os
t
s
.
T
he
a
dopt
io
n
of
A
I
in
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
m
a
r
ks
a
pi
vot
a
l
s
hi
f
t
to
w
a
r
d a
m
or
e
i
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
, pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d, a
nd s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
s
ys
te
m
[
28]
.
A
lo
ng
s
i
de
it
s
m
a
n
y
a
d
va
nt
a
g
e
s
,
A
I
pl
a
y
s
a
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
r
o
le
i
n
r
e
c
og
ni
z
in
g
po
te
nt
i
a
l
dr
ug
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
s
,
a
dv
e
r
s
e
r
e
a
c
t
io
n
s
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
on
c
e
r
n
s
.
B
y
a
n
a
ly
z
i
ng
c
om
pr
e
h
e
n
s
i
ve
p
a
ti
e
n
t
i
nf
or
m
a
t
io
n
—
i
nc
lu
d
in
g
m
e
d
ic
a
l
hi
s
t
or
y
,
g
e
n
e
t
ic
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
ti
c
s
,
a
nd
m
e
di
c
a
ti
o
n
r
e
c
or
d
s
—
AI
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
ys
te
m
s
c
a
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
p
ot
e
nt
ia
l
r
i
s
ks
a
nd
d
e
li
ve
r
p
e
r
s
on
a
l
iz
e
d
gu
id
a
n
c
e
to
op
ti
m
iz
e
ph
a
r
m
a
c
ot
h
e
r
a
py.
T
hi
s
c
a
p
a
bi
l
it
y
r
e
du
c
e
s
th
e
l
ik
e
li
ho
od
of
m
e
d
ic
a
ti
on
e
r
r
or
s
a
nd
e
nh
a
nc
e
s
ov
e
r
a
ll
p
a
ti
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
ty
.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
A
I
a
id
s
t
he
d
r
ug
d
i
s
c
ov
e
r
y
pr
oc
e
s
s
by
e
x
a
m
i
ni
n
g
l
a
r
g
e
-
s
c
a
l
e
da
ta
s
e
t
s
t
o
i
de
nt
if
y
v
ia
bl
e
dr
ug
ta
r
ge
t
s
a
nd
pr
e
di
c
t
th
e
pot
e
n
ti
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
of
ne
w
c
om
po
und
s
, t
hu
s
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
ti
ng
de
ve
lo
p
m
e
nt
t
im
e
l
in
e
s
a
nd
s
ig
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
ly
c
u
tt
i
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
d
e
v
e
l
opm
e
n
t
c
o
s
t
s
.
A
m
a
j
or
dom
a
in
in
w
hi
c
h
A
I
c
a
n
br
i
ng
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
v
e
c
ha
nge
is
th
e
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
of
c
hr
oni
c
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
.
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
A
I
-
b
a
s
e
d
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
c
a
n
c
on
ti
nuou
s
ly
m
oni
t
or
pa
t
ie
nt
he
a
l
th
m
e
tr
ic
s
—
s
uc
h
a
s
vi
ta
l
s
ig
n
s
,
s
y
m
pt
om
pr
ogr
e
s
s
io
n,
a
nd
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
to
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
t
he
r
a
pi
e
s
—
to
id
e
nt
if
y
pot
e
nt
ia
l
c
om
pl
ic
a
ti
on
s
b
e
f
or
e
t
he
y
e
s
c
a
la
t
e
.
B
y
e
n
a
bl
in
g
e
a
r
ly
de
t
e
c
t
io
n
a
nd
ti
m
e
ly
c
li
ni
c
a
l
in
t
e
r
ve
nt
i
on,
th
is
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
e
nh
a
nc
e
s
l
ong
-
te
r
m
pa
ti
e
n
t
out
c
om
e
s
w
hi
le
r
e
du
c
in
g c
o
s
ts
a
s
s
o
c
ia
te
d w
it
h
h
os
p
it
a
li
z
a
ti
on
s
a
nd e
m
e
r
g
e
nc
y
c
a
r
e
. T
h
e
in
t
e
gr
a
t
io
n
of
A
I
w
it
hi
n
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
ta
nd
s
to
r
e
de
f
in
e
he
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
by
pr
om
ot
in
g
pr
e
c
i
s
io
n
-
dr
iv
e
n
,
e
f
f
ic
i
e
nt
,
a
nd
pa
ti
e
n
t
-
c
e
nt
e
r
e
d
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
.
A
s
A
I
t
e
c
h
nol
ogi
e
s
a
d
va
n
c
e
,
th
e
ir
r
ol
e
i
n
ph
a
r
m
a
c
y
w
il
l
c
ont
in
ue
to
e
xpa
nd,
f
os
te
r
in
g gr
oun
dbr
e
a
ki
ng
i
nnov
a
ti
on
s
t
ha
t
s
h
a
pe
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
of
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
d
e
li
v
e
r
y.
10.
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
I
N
G
P
H
A
R
M
A
C
Y
S
Y
S
T
E
M
S
T
H
R
O
U
G
H
A
I
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
T
he
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
of
A
I
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
s
ys
te
m
s
is
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
ML
a
nd
de
e
p
le
a
r
ni
ng
te
c
hni
que
s
. T
h
e
s
e
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
e
nha
nc
e
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
by e
na
bl
in
g a
ut
om
a
ti
on, pr
e
c
is
io
n, a
nd pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
na
ly
s
is
.
T
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g i
s
a
n e
xpo
s
it
io
n of
ke
y A
I
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
e
m
pl
oye
d i
n pha
r
m
a
c
y
[
8]
, [
13]
,
[
15
]
–
[
22]
.
10.1
.
D
e
c
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
or
t
s
ys
t
e
m
s
D
e
c
is
io
n
s
uppor
t
s
ys
te
m
s
(
D
S
S
)
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
a
r
e
br
oa
dl
y
c
a
t
e
gor
iz
e
d
in
to
two
ty
pe
s
:
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ve
de
c
is
io
n
s
uppor
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
P
D
S
S
)
a
nd
de
s
c
r
ip
ti
ve
de
c
is
io
n s
upp
or
t
s
ys
te
m
s
(
D
D
S
S
)
.
P
D
S
S
go
be
yond
s
im
pl
y
pr
ovi
di
ng
da
ta
—
th
e
y
a
na
ly
z
e
m
ul
ti
pl
e
va
r
ia
bl
e
s
a
nd
ge
ne
r
a
te
a
c
ti
ona
bl
e
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
ti
ons
to
gui
de
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
in
m
a
ki
ng
opt
im
a
l
de
c
is
io
n
s
.
F
or
in
s
t
a
nc
e
,
P
D
S
S
to
ol
s
m
a
y
s
ugge
s
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
r
e
gi
m
e
n
f
or
a
pa
ti
e
nt
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
ir
m
e
di
c
a
l
hi
s
t
or
y,
c
om
or
bi
di
ti
e
s
,
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
,
th
e
r
e
by
s
uppor
ti
ng
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
th
e
r
a
py.
I
n
th
e
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
c
ont
e
xt
,
P
D
S
S
c
a
n
r
e
c
om
m
e
nd
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
in
ve
nt
or
y
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
by
a
na
ly
z
in
g
pur
c
ha
s
in
g
pa
tt
e
r
ns
,
s
uppl
ie
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
a
nd
s
e
a
s
ona
l
va
r
ia
ti
ons
in
dr
ug
de
m
a
nd.
T
he
s
e
s
ys
te
m
s
of
te
n
in
c
or
por
a
te
opt
im
iz
a
ti
on
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
,
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
,
a
nd
ML
to
pr
opos
e
s
ol
ut
io
ns
t
ha
t
a
li
gn w
it
h c
li
ni
c
a
l
goa
l
s
a
nd e
c
onomi
c
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y.
O
n
th
e
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
D
D
S
S
f
oc
us
on
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng,
or
ga
ni
z
in
g,
a
nd
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
g
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
bout
pa
s
t
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
e
ve
nt
s
w
it
hout
di
r
e
c
tl
y
s
ugge
s
ti
ng
a
c
our
s
e
of
a
c
ti
on.
T
he
s
e
s
ys
te
m
s
a
r
e
va
lu
a
bl
e
f
or
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
tr
e
nds
a
nd
s
uppor
ti
ng
s
it
ua
ti
ona
l
a
w
a
r
e
ne
s
s
.
F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
a
D
D
S
S
m
ig
ht
pr
ovi
de
in
s
ig
ht
s
in
to
hi
s
to
r
ic
a
l
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
us
a
ge
pa
tt
e
r
ns
w
it
hi
n
a
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
f
a
c
il
it
y,
hi
ghl
ig
ht
th
e
in
c
id
e
nc
e
a
nd
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
of
c
e
r
ta
in
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
g
e
ogr
a
phi
c
r
e
gi
ons
,
or
di
s
pl
a
y
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
da
ta
on
dr
ug
c
ons
um
pt
io
n
a
nd
pa
ti
e
nt
d
e
m
ogr
a
phi
c
s
.
B
y
s
um
m
a
r
iz
in
g
c
om
pl
e
x
da
ta
s
e
ts
in
to
unde
r
s
t
a
nda
bl
e
f
or
m
a
t
s
—
s
uc
h
a
s
da
s
hbo
a
r
ds
,
c
h
a
r
ts
,
a
nd
r
e
por
ts
—
D
D
S
S
to
ol
s
e
na
bl
e
pha
r
m
a
c
is
ts
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
to
r
s
to
id
e
nt
if
y
a
r
e
a
s
of
c
onc
e
r
n,
a
s
s
e
s
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
, a
nd i
nf
or
m
f
ut
ur
e
pl
a
nni
ng.
T
oge
th
e
r
,
P
D
S
S
a
nd
D
D
S
S
s
e
r
ve
c
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
r
ol
e
s
in
pha
r
m
a
c
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
.
W
hi
le
D
D
S
S
a
id
s
in
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
"
w
ha
t
is
"
or
"
w
ha
t
w
a
s
,"
P
D
S
S
f
oc
us
e
s
on
"
w
ha
t
s
houl
d
be
done
."
T
he
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
bot
h
s
ys
te
m
s
e
nha
nc
e
s
e
vi
d
e
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d
de
c
i
s
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng,
s
tr
e
a
m
li
n
e
s
w
or
kf
lo
w
s
,
a
nd
ul
ti
m
a
te
ly
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
s
to
s
a
f
e
r
, m
or
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
, a
nd e
c
onomi
c
a
ll
y s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
ph
a
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
c
a
r
e
.
10.2
.
M
ac
h
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g m
od
e
ls
M
L
m
ode
ls
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
de
c
is
io
n
tr
e
e
s
,
s
uppor
t
ve
c
to
r
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
(
S
V
M
)
,
a
nd
r
a
ndom
f
or
e
s
ts
,
pl
a
y
a
pi
vot
a
l
r
ol
e
in
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
in
g
pha
r
m
a
c
y
ope
r
a
ti
ons
a
nd
e
nha
n
c
in
g
c
li
ni
c
a
l
out
c
om
e
s
.
T
he
s
e
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
a
r
e
e
m
pl
oye
d
to
opt
im
iz
e
pr
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
by
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g
la
r
ge
da
ta
s
e
t
s
de
r
iv
e
d
f
r
om
E
H
R
s
,
m
e
di
c
a
ti
on
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