I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
, pp.
1200
~
1207
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v14.
i
4
.
pp1200
-
1207
1200
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
ae
s
c
or
e
.c
om
B
i
oe
c
ol
ogi
c
al
c
h
ar
ac
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
of
m
od
e
r
n
soi
l
c
ove
r
i
n
su
b
t
r
op
i
c
r
e
gi
on
s of
A
z
e
r
b
ai
j
an
F
ar
id
a V
e
r
d
iy
e
va B
ah
r
am
1
, T
u
r
k
an
H
as
an
ova Allah
ve
r
d
i
2
,
M
ah
s
at
i
I
s
m
ayi
lo
va E
yvaz
1
,
E
ln
u
r
H
u
s
e
yn
ov Y
u
s
if
3
, T
e
ll
i
Jab
iy
e
va E
l
s
h
ad
3,
4
, G
u
n
e
l
A
s
g
ar
ova F
ar
h
ad
5
1
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
S
oi
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd A
gr
oc
he
m
i
s
t
r
y, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n S
t
a
t
e
A
gr
a
r
i
a
n U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, G
a
nj
a
, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
2
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
S
oi
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd R
e
a
l
E
s
t
a
t
e
C
a
d
a
s
t
r
e
,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
E
c
ol
ogy a
nd S
oi
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
, B
a
ku S
t
a
t
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, B
a
ku, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
3
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
I
ndus
t
r
i
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng, F
a
c
ul
t
y o
f
P
e
t
r
ol
e
um
M
e
c
ha
ni
c
s
, A
z
e
r
b
a
i
j
a
n S
t
a
t
e
O
i
l
a
nd I
ndus
t
r
y U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, B
a
ku, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
4
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
G
e
om
a
t
i
c
s
, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
A
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
a
nd C
on
s
t
r
uc
t
i
on, B
a
ku, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
5
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
S
oi
l
G
e
ne
s
i
s
,
G
e
ogr
a
phy
,
a
nd
C
a
r
t
ogr
a
phy, I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
of
S
oi
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd A
gr
oc
he
m
i
s
t
r
y, M
i
ni
s
t
r
y of
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd
E
duc
a
t
i
on of
t
he
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n, B
a
ku, A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
M
a
r
6, 2025
R
e
vi
s
e
d
O
c
t
14, 2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
N
ov 4, 2025
The
purpose
of
this
study
is
to
introduce
innovation
in
the
fi
eld
of
agricult
ure
in
Azerbaijan
by
determin
ing
the
abundance
of
v
arious
ecotrophi
c
groups
of
microorgan
isms
(involv
ed
in
the
formatio
n
and
mineraliza
tion
of
humic
substances)
in
natural
and
cultivated
gray
-
brown
soils.
Studying
the
microbiological
indicators
of
humic
sub
stance
transforma
tion
in
virgin
soils
and
determining
the
direction
of
these
processes
under
the
influence
of
anthropogenic
factors
in
agrocenose
s
soils
is
considered
relevant
for
the
development
of
the
agricultural
sector
in
the
Lankaran
region.
It
was
found
that
perennial
woody
vegetation
increa
sed
the
abundance
of
pedotroph
ic
microorgan
isms
by
17
-
21%
and
h
umate
decomposers
by
12
-
14%
compared
to
completely
natural
soil
.
The
correlatio
n
coefficient
between
the
abundance
of
humate
decompose
rs
and
the
pedotrophic
index
was
r=
-
0.685±
0.09.
Plowing
natural
gray
-
brown
soils
reduces
the
total
humus
content
and
the
abu
ndance
of
micromycetes,
which
form the peri
pheral porti
on of humi
c substances.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
e
r
obi
c
bi
ot
a
A
gr
oc
e
nos
e
E
c
ot
r
ophi
c
gr
oups
H
um
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
M
ic
r
obi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
c
om
pl
e
x
S
pe
c
tr
a
l
a
na
ly
s
is
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
T
ur
ka
n H
a
s
a
nova
A
ll
a
hve
r
di
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
S
oi
l
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd R
e
a
l
E
s
ta
te
C
a
da
s
tr
e
, F
a
c
ul
ty
of
E
c
ol
ogy a
nd S
oi
l
S
c
ie
nc
e
B
a
ku S
ta
te
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
A
c
a
d. Z
a
hi
d K
ha
li
lo
v S
t.
33, AZ
1148, B
a
ku, Az
e
r
ba
ij
a
n
E
m
a
il
:
tu
r
ka
nhe
s
e
nova
@
m
a
il
.r
u
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
P
lo
w
in
g
up
na
tu
r
a
l
gr
e
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
a
f
f
e
c
ts
th
e
m
ic
r
obi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
c
om
pl
e
x
of
s
oi
ls
,
a
nd
qua
li
ta
ti
ve
a
nd
qu
a
nt
it
a
ti
ve
c
ha
ng
e
s
in
th
e
ir
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
nd
bi
odi
ve
r
s
it
y
oc
c
ur
.
T
he
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
di
ve
r
s
e
gr
oups
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
s
oi
l
e
c
os
ys
te
m
s
,
di
s
ti
ngui
s
he
d
by
th
e
ir
bi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
a
nd
bi
oc
he
m
ic
a
l
s
pe
c
if
ic
it
y,
de
te
r
m
in
e
s
th
e
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
of
s
oi
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
a
nd
th
e
f
or
m
a
ti
on
of
pr
oduc
ti
ve
c
e
nos
e
s
.
T
he
r
ol
e
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
hum
us
f
or
m
a
ti
on
is
m
ul
ti
f
a
c
e
te
d
[
1]
,
[
2]
.
T
he
y
de
c
om
po
s
e
or
ga
ni
c
m
a
tt
e
r
,
s
ynt
he
s
iz
e
c
om
pounds
th
a
t
s
e
r
ve
a
s
s
tr
uc
tu
r
a
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
of
hum
ic
s
ubs
t
a
nc
e
m
ol
e
c
ul
e
s
,
a
nd
pr
oduc
e
phe
nol
oxi
da
s
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
oxi
di
z
e
pol
yphe
nol
s
to
qui
none
s
,
f
ol
lo
w
e
d
by
c
onde
n
s
a
ti
on
in
to
hum
us
.
S
im
ul
ta
ne
ous
ly
w
it
h
th
e
s
ynt
he
s
is
of
hum
ic
c
om
pounds
in
th
e
s
oi
l,
a
n
oppo
s
it
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
oc
c
ur
s
:
th
e
ir
de
gr
a
da
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
is
c
a
r
r
ie
d
out
by
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd
is
im
por
ta
nt
f
or
th
e
s
oi
l'
s
or
ga
ni
c
m
a
tt
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
ve
s
.
I
f
th
e
r
a
te
of
de
c
om
pos
it
io
n
e
xc
e
e
ds
th
e
r
a
te
of
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
th
e
to
ta
l
a
m
ount
of
hum
us
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
le
a
di
ng
to
de
hum
if
ic
a
ti
on
[
3]
–
[
5
]
.
W
he
n
s
ynt
he
s
is
a
nd
de
gr
a
d
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
a
r
e
in
ba
l
a
nc
e
,
a
va
il
a
bl
e
nut
r
ie
nt
s
f
or
pl
a
nt
s
a
r
e
r
e
le
a
s
e
d,
a
nd
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
B
io
e
c
ol
ogi
c
al
c
har
ta
c
te
r
i
s
ti
c
s
of
m
ode
r
n s
oi
l
c
ov
e
r
i
n s
ubt
r
opi
c
r
e
gi
ons
of
…
(
F
ar
id
a V
e
r
di
y
e
v
a B
ahr
am
)
1201
s
ynt
he
s
is
of
ne
w
hum
ic
s
ubs
t
a
nc
e
s
is
c
om
pe
ns
a
t
e
d
f
or
.
H
um
us
de
c
om
pos
it
io
n,
unde
r
s
uc
h
a
ba
la
nc
e
,
is
a
pos
it
iv
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
G
iv
e
n
th
e
ge
ne
r
a
l
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
in
t
he
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
of
or
ga
ni
c
m
a
tt
e
r
unde
r
th
e
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
of
a
nt
hr
opoge
ni
c
s
oi
l
-
f
or
m
in
g
f
a
c
to
r
s
,
it
is
im
por
ta
nt
to
s
tu
dy
th
e
a
bunda
n
c
e
of
e
c
ot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
obi
a
l
gr
oups
in
vi
r
gi
n
a
nd
r
e
c
la
im
e
d
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
of
ty
pi
c
a
l
a
nd
or
di
na
r
y
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
ls
a
nd
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
t
he
i
nt
e
ns
it
y of
bi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
i
n t
he
m
[
6]
–
[
8]
.
E
s
ta
bl
is
hi
ng
th
e
bi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
a
c
ti
vi
ty
of
s
oi
ls
in
th
e
S
hi
r
va
n
p
la
in
,
c
ons
id
e
r
e
d
one
of
th
e
m
a
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
z
one
s
of
A
z
e
r
ba
ij
a
n,
w
he
r
e
th
e
s
ubt
r
opi
c
a
l
c
li
m
a
te
ha
s
a
pos
it
iv
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
c
r
op
yi
e
ld
s
.
T
h
e
a
im
of
th
is
s
tu
dy
w
a
s
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
th
e
a
bunda
nc
e
of
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
a
nd
tr
ophi
c
gr
oups
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
vol
ve
d
in
th
e
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on
of
hum
ic
s
ub
s
ta
nc
e
s
in
na
tu
r
a
l
a
nd
r
e
c
la
im
e
d
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
ty
pi
c
a
l
a
nd
or
di
na
r
y
na
tu
r
a
l
la
nds
;
to
s
tu
dy
th
e
m
ic
r
obi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
of
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
in
vi
r
gi
n
s
oi
ls
;
a
nd
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
th
e
di
r
e
c
ti
on
of
th
e
s
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
unde
r
th
e
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
of
a
nt
hr
opoge
ni
c
f
a
c
to
r
s
in
a
gr
oc
e
nos
e
s
s
oi
ls
.
F
ig
ur
e
1
s
how
s
th
e
L
a
nka
r
a
n
z
one
r
e
gi
ons
a
gr
oc
e
nos
e
s
[
9]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
e
a
la
nd
s
c
a
p
e
di
gi
ta
l
e
le
va
ti
on
m
ode
l
m
a
p
a
nd
s
oi
l
bi
o
-
a
c
ti
vi
ty
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
m
a
p
in
L
a
nka
r
a
n
z
one
r
e
gi
on
s
a
gr
oc
e
nos
e
s
s
how
n i
n (
F
ig
ur
e
1(
a
)
-
(
b
)
)
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
1.
L
a
nka
r
a
n z
one
r
e
gi
ons
a
gr
oc
e
nos
e
s
of
(
a
)
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
r
e
a
l
a
nds
c
a
pe
di
gi
ta
l
e
le
va
ti
on mode
l
m
a
p
a
nd
(
b)
s
oi
l
bi
o
-
a
c
ti
vi
ty
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n m
a
p
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R
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A
R
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tu
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s
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w
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d
f
r
om
a
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om
pl
e
te
a
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e
a
of
th
e
na
tu
r
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l
s
te
ppe
f
r
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a
pe
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c
a
ll
y m
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(
e
ve
r
y t
w
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r
s
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, a
nd f
r
om
pl
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s
of
f
ie
ld
c
r
op r
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ti
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a
n a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
e
nt
e
r
pr
is
e
i
n
th
e
L
a
nka
r
a
n
di
s
tr
ic
t
(
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.
D
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g
th
e
pe
r
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phos
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to
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of
m
a
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2. A
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s
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pr
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r
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P
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how
n i
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ig
ur
e
3
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F
ig
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2. P
r
oduc
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ty
o
f
c
r
ops
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r
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s
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(
20
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I
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20
25
:
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F
ig
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3.
P
e
a
r
s
on c
or
r
e
la
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n s
oi
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
a
nd
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
i
n
th
e
L
a
nka
r
a
n di
s
tr
ic
t
(
*p<
0.05 a
nd **p<
0.01)
S
oi
l
bi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
s
tu
di
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
ondu
c
te
d
in
th
e
0
-
5,
5
-
20,
a
nd
20
-
40
c
m
s
oi
l
la
y
e
r
s
[
10]
.
S
oi
l
s
a
m
pl
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
ol
le
c
te
d
in
th
e
th
ir
d
te
n
-
da
y
pe
r
io
d
of
M
a
y
dur
in
g
2022
-
2024.
P
r
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
to
r
a
ge
f
or
la
bor
a
to
r
y
a
e
r
obi
c
bi
ot
a
a
na
ly
s
is
w
e
r
e
c
onduc
te
d
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
I
S
O
10381
-
6
-
2001.
T
he
a
bunda
nc
e
of
va
r
io
us
gr
oups
of
s
oi
l
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
w
a
s
de
te
r
m
in
e
d
us
in
g
Z
vya
gi
nt
s
e
v'
s
m
e
t
hods
by
in
oc
ul
a
ti
ng
s
oi
l
s
us
pe
ns
io
n
s
on
s
ol
id
nut
r
ie
nt
m
e
di
a
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
m
e
la
ni
n
-
s
ynt
he
s
iz
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
g
a
ni
s
m
s
w
a
s
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
d
us
in
g
C
z
a
p
e
k
m
e
di
um
w
it
h
a
pH
of
6.0,
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
w
e
r
e
de
t
e
r
m
in
e
d
us
in
g
a
s
odi
um
hum
a
te
m
e
di
um
,
a
nd
pe
dot
r
ophs
w
e
r
e
de
te
r
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
s
oi
l
a
ga
r
.
T
ot
a
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
in
th
e
s
tu
di
e
d
s
oi
ls
w
a
s
de
te
r
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
T
yur
in
'
s
m
e
th
od a
s
m
odi
f
ie
d by S
im
a
kov.
F
o
r
t
he
n
o
r
m
a
l
f
un
c
t
io
n
in
g
o
f
s
o
il
m
i
c
r
oo
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
e
ne
r
g
y
a
nd
n
ut
r
i
e
n
ts
a
r
e
e
s
s
e
n
ti
a
l.
F
or
m
os
t
s
oi
l
m
ic
r
oo
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
th
e
s
e
nu
t
r
ie
nt
s
a
r
e
o
r
ga
ni
c
m
a
t
te
r
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
a
c
ti
v
it
y
o
f
s
oi
l
m
ic
r
o
f
l
or
a
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
ly
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
s
up
pl
y
o
r
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
of
o
r
g
a
ni
c
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
s
in
th
e
s
o
il
[
1
1]
,
[
1
2]
.
M
ic
r
o
or
ga
n
is
m
pop
ul
a
ti
ons
w
e
r
e
de
te
r
m
i
ne
d
by
p
la
t
in
g
s
o
il
s
us
pe
ns
io
n
d
il
ut
i
ons
on
s
ol
id
nu
t
r
ie
nt
m
e
di
a
:
i
)
a
m
m
oni
f
yi
n
g
m
ic
r
o
or
ga
n
is
m
s
o
n
m
e
a
t
-
pe
p
to
n
e
a
ga
r
(
M
P
A
)
,
ii
)
a
m
yl
ol
yt
ic
m
ic
r
o
o
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
o
n
s
ta
r
c
h
-
a
m
m
oni
a
a
ga
r
(
S
A
A
)
,
i
ii
)
a
c
ti
no
m
yc
e
te
s
a
ls
o
p
la
t
e
d
o
n
S
A
A
,
b
ut
c
oun
te
d
s
e
pa
r
a
te
ly
,
iv
)
pe
do
tr
op
hi
c
m
ic
r
o
o
r
ga
n
is
m
s
on
s
oi
l
a
g
a
r
,
v)
c
e
ll
ul
os
e
-
de
g
r
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oo
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
on
H
u
tc
h
in
s
on
a
ga
r
m
e
d
iu
m
,
a
n
d
vi
)
m
i
c
r
os
c
o
pi
c
f
un
gi
(
m
ic
r
o
m
yc
e
te
s
)
o
n C
z
a
pe
k m
e
d
iu
m
[
13
]
.
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
A
c
c
or
di
n
g
t
o
m
a
ny
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
,
th
e
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
of
hu
m
i
c
s
ub
s
ta
nc
e
s
i
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
d
by
th
e
bi
o
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
a
c
ti
vi
ty
of
s
p
e
c
i
f
ic
m
i
c
r
of
lo
r
a
.
T
h
i
s
gr
o
up
i
n
c
lu
de
s
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
ut
il
iz
in
g
c
a
r
bo
hydr
a
t
e
s
w
it
h
t
he
m
o
s
t
s
t
a
bl
e
c
y
c
li
c
a
nd
h
e
t
e
r
o
c
y
c
l
ic
b
ond
s
.
S
om
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
r
g
ue
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
th
e
s
p
e
c
ia
li
z
a
ti
o
n
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
h
um
u
s
d
e
c
om
p
o
s
it
i
on
a
nd
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
t
he
s
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
w
it
h
th
e
a
c
ti
v
it
y
of
a
ll
s
o
il
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
[
1
4]
,
[
15]
.
T
h
e
de
ve
lo
p
m
e
nt
of
in
di
vi
d
ua
l
m
ic
r
obi
a
l
gr
o
up
s
c
a
n
b
e
us
e
d
to
d
e
te
r
m
i
ne
th
e
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
s
t
a
g
e
of
p
la
nt
r
e
s
id
u
e
s
in
t
he
s
o
il
.
S
tr
e
pt
o
m
y
c
e
t
e
s
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
t
e
in
t
he
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
t
io
n
of
s
e
m
i
-
de
c
om
po
s
e
d
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
s
-
d
e
t
r
it
u
s
.
T
h
e
nu
m
b
e
r
of
c
ol
on
y
-
f
or
m
i
ng
uni
ts
of
s
tr
e
pt
om
y
c
e
t
e
s
i
s
s
how
n
in
T
a
b
le
1.
T
he
hi
ghe
s
t
s
tr
e
pt
om
yc
e
te
a
bunda
nc
e
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
th
e
0
-
5
a
nd
5
-
20
c
m
la
ye
r
s
of
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
a
nd
is
due
to
th
e
la
r
ge
a
m
ount
of
pl
a
nt
bi
om
a
s
s
,
w
hi
c
h
in
c
lu
de
s
c
e
ll
ul
os
e
a
nd
bi
opol
ym
e
r
s
,
th
e
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on
of
w
hi
c
h
f
or
m
s
de
tr
it
us
.
S
oi
l
c
ul
ti
va
ti
on
le
a
ds
to
a
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
de
tr
it
us
c
ont
e
nt
a
nd
s
tr
e
pt
om
yc
e
te
a
bund
a
nc
e
[
16]
,
[
17]
.
I
n
th
e
0
-
5
c
m
la
ye
r
of
a
r
a
b
le
s
oi
l,
th
e
num
be
r
of
c
ol
ony
-
f
or
m
in
g
uni
ts
of
s
tr
e
pt
om
yc
e
te
s
is
8.4
ti
m
e
s
lo
w
e
r
th
a
n
in
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
a
nd
1.5
ti
m
e
s
lo
w
e
r
in
f
a
ll
ow
la
nd,
w
hi
le
th
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
w
a
s
i
ns
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
i
n t
he
m
ow
n na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
a
nd
s
he
lt
e
r
be
lt
va
r
ia
nt
s
.
T
he
r
e
duc
e
d
in
put
of
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
bi
om
a
s
s
in
to
th
e
s
oi
l
in
th
e
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
le
a
ds
to
a
r
e
duc
ti
on
in
de
tr
it
us
a
nd,
c
ons
e
que
nt
ly
,
a
n
e
ig
ht
f
ol
d
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
s
tr
e
pt
om
yc
e
te
a
bunda
nc
e
[
18]
.
T
he
5
-
20
c
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
A
dv A
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c
i
I
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:
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8814
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io
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c
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c
al
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har
ta
c
te
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i
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c
s
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m
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n s
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la
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r
c
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pone
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a
n
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tu
r
a
l
c
om
m
uni
ty
is
gi
ve
n i
n T
a
bl
e
2.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
ul
ts
s
how
th
a
t
pl
ow
in
g
le
a
ds
to
a
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
.
O
ve
r
80
ye
a
r
s
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
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a
l
s
oi
l
us
e
,
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
in
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
by
34%
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om
pa
r
e
d
to
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l,
r
e
a
c
hi
ng
5.9%
in
th
e
0
-
20
c
m
la
ye
r
.
T
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
th
e
n
um
be
r
s
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
a
nd
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
be
twe
e
n
th
e
5
-
20
a
nd
20
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
s
is
w
it
hi
n
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
a
l
e
r
r
or
.
N
ot
onl
y
do
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
th
e
f
or
m
a
ti
on
of
m
obi
l
e
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
[
2]
,
[
15]
,
[
19]
,
[
20]
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
c
ha
nge
s
in
s
ig
n
if
ic
a
nt
ly
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
oi
l
la
ye
r
in
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
[
21]
.
O
n
a
ve
r
a
ge
,
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
,
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
is
16%
lo
w
e
r
,
th
e
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
62%
lo
w
e
r
,
a
nd
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oo
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
32%
hi
ghe
r
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
I
n
th
e
f
a
ll
ow
s
oi
l,
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
by
19%
,
w
hi
l
e
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
by
35
a
nd
166%
(
in
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
oi
l
la
ye
r
s
)
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd.
O
v
e
r
64
ye
a
r
s
of
f
a
ll
ow
s
oi
l,
th
e
s
oi
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
di
d
not
r
e
tu
r
n
to
th
e
le
ve
ls
of
na
tu
r
a
l
s
te
ppe
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n s
oi
ls
.
P
e
r
e
nni
a
l
w
oody
ve
ge
ta
ti
on
h
a
d
a
pos
it
iv
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
hum
us
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
hum
if
ic
a
ti
on
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
[
22]
.
T
hi
s
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
yi
e
ld
e
d
a
21%
hi
ghe
r
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oo
r
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd
a
14%
hi
ghe
r
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
T
he
num
be
r
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
de
c
om
pos
in
g
th
e
c
or
e
por
ti
on
of
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
w
a
s
14%
hi
ghe
r
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
c
om
pa
r
e
d t
o na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
T
hi
s
s
ugg
e
s
ts
th
a
t
th
e
s
oi
l
is
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
in
s
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
a
m
ount
s
o
f
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
s
a
nd
e
n
e
r
gy
m
a
te
r
ia
l,
w
hi
c
h
s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
f
ood
s
our
c
e
f
or
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd,
th
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on
of
s
oi
l
hum
us
oc
c
ur
s
[
23]
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
t
he
0
-
40
c
m
s
oi
l
la
ye
r
,
a
ll
s
tu
dy
va
r
ia
nt
s
c
oul
d
be
a
r
r
a
nge
d
in
th
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
de
s
c
e
ndi
ng
or
de
r
:
s
he
d
be
lt
-
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
la
nd
,
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
,
a
bs
ol
ut
e
na
tu
r
a
l
la
nd
,
a
nd
f
a
ll
ow
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophs
a
nd
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
th
a
t
de
e
pl
y
de
gr
a
de
th
e
nuc
le
a
r
a
r
om
a
ti
c
c
om
pone
nt
s
of
hum
us
in
a
n
a
tu
r
a
l
bi
ot
ope
is
s
how
n
in
T
a
bl
e
3.
T
he
hi
ghe
s
t
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
(
7.33%
)
w
a
s
f
ound
in
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
(
in
th
e
0
-
5
c
m
la
ye
r
)
.
T
hi
s
va
l
ue
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
w
it
h
de
pt
h,
r
e
a
c
hi
ng
onl
y
5.39%
in
th
e
20
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
a
nd
6.27
%
on
a
ve
r
a
ge
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
w
a
s
hi
ghe
r
in
th
e
upp
e
r
la
ye
r
(
5
-
20
c
m
)
th
a
n
in
th
e
20
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
.
T
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
th
e
a
bunda
nc
e
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
c
r
os
s
th
e
s
oi
l
la
ye
r
s
w
a
s
in
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
.
T
he
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
in
de
x,
w
hi
c
h
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
iz
e
s
th
e
de
gr
e
e
of
s
oi
l
or
ga
ni
c
m
a
tt
e
r
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
by
m
ic
r
of
lo
r
a
,
w
a
s
hi
ghe
s
t
in
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
a
nd
m
ow
n
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
s
in
th
e
20
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
.
D
e
te
r
m
in
a
ti
on
of
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
in
or
di
na
r
y
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
of
th
e
m
ount
a
in
s
te
ppe
s
how
s
th
a
t,
unde
r
th
e
c
ondi
ti
ons
of
th
e
s
te
ppe
z
one
,
in
th
e
uppe
r
la
ye
r
(
0
-
40
c
m
)
,
m
ow
in
g
ve
ge
ta
ti
on
on
vi
r
gi
n
s
oi
l
c
a
us
e
s
m
or
e
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
c
ha
nge
s
th
a
n w
e
r
e
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
ty
pi
c
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
of
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
(
s
e
e
T
a
bl
e
3)
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
c
ol
ony
-
f
or
m
in
g
e
m
br
yos
o
f
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
29%
lo
w
e
r
th
a
n
in
th
e
vi
r
gi
n
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
,
due
to
th
e
s
m
a
ll
e
r
a
m
ount
of
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
s
e
nt
e
r
in
g
th
e
s
oi
l.
T
he
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
po
s
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
th
is
va
r
ia
nt
,
on
th
e
c
ont
r
a
r
y,
is
2.9
ti
m
e
s
hi
ghe
r
th
a
n
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
la
y
e
r
of
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
W
it
h
de
pt
h
(
20
-
40
c
m
)
,
th
e
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
to
4.59%
,
w
hi
c
h
is
17%
lo
w
e
r
.
T
he
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
6.5%
lo
w
e
r
,
a
nd
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
i
s
28%
h
ig
he
r
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
.
O
n
a
ve
r
a
ge
,
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
,
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
is
12%
lo
w
e
r
,
th
e
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
21%
lo
w
e
r
,
a
nd
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
is
2.24
ti
m
e
s
hi
ghe
r
th
a
n i
n t
he
s
a
m
e
l
a
ye
r
of
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
C
om
pa
r
e
d
to
vi
r
gi
n
s
oi
l,
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
is
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
iz
e
d
by
a
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
lo
w
e
r
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
[
24]
.
T
he
c
ont
e
nt
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
w
hi
c
h
de
c
om
p
os
e
m
obi
le
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
n
c
e
s
,
di
d
not
di
f
f
e
r
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
f
r
om
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
in
th
e
0
-
5
a
nd
5
-
20
c
m
la
ye
r
s
(
3.1
-
14.2%
)
a
nd
w
a
s
34
-
43%
hi
ghe
r
th
a
n
th
a
t
of
th
e
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
.
A
s
im
il
a
r
tr
e
nd
in
t
he
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophs
w
a
s
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
ye
r
:
a
n
in
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
va
r
ia
nt
s
a
nd
23%
hi
ghe
r
th
a
n
th
a
t
of
th
e
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
T
hi
s
s
ugg
e
s
ts
th
a
t
th
e
s
oi
l
is
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
a
n
in
s
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
a
m
ount
of
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
id
ue
s
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
te
r
ia
l,
w
hi
c
h s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
f
ood s
our
c
e
f
or
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
.
A
ll
s
tu
dy
va
r
ia
nt
s
c
a
n
b
e
a
r
r
a
nge
d
in
th
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
T
a
bl
e
4
or
de
r
of
de
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
in
th
e
0
-
40
c
m
la
y
e
r
:
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd,
c
ut
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l,
a
nd
n
a
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
.
T
he
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
i
nde
x (
th
e
r
a
ti
o o
f
t
he
numbe
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
t
o t
hos
e
de
c
om
pos
in
g or
ga
ni
c
f
or
m
s
of
ni
tr
oge
n)
is
lo
w
e
s
t
in
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd.
T
hi
s
in
di
c
a
to
r
di
d
not
di
f
f
e
r
be
twe
e
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
a
nd
m
ow
n
s
oi
l.
T
he
c
or
r
e
la
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
ic
ie
nt
be
twe
e
n
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd
th
e
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
in
de
x
w
a
s
r
=
-
0.685±0.09.
C
yc
li
c
m
e
la
ni
n
m
ol
e
c
ul
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
s
ynt
he
s
i
z
e
d
by
m
ic
r
om
yc
e
te
s
,
c
a
n
s
e
r
ve
a
s
th
e
ba
s
is
f
or
th
e
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on
of
pe
r
ip
he
r
a
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
of
hum
ic
c
om
pounds
.
T
he
hi
ghe
s
t
num
be
r
o
f
m
ic
r
om
yc
e
te
s
w
a
s
ob
s
e
r
ve
d
in
th
e
0
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5
c
m
la
ye
r
unde
r
w
oody
ve
ge
ta
ti
on,
w
it
h
a
ll
va
r
ia
nt
s
th
e
n
a
r
r
a
nge
d
in
th
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
or
de
r
:
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
,
a
bs
ol
ut
e
n
a
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
,
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
f
a
ll
ow
.
T
he
s
a
m
e
s
e
que
nc
e
w
a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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:
2252
-
8814
I
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J
A
dv A
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V
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14
, N
o.
4
,
D
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c
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m
be
r
20
25
:
1200
-
1207
1204
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
th
e
0
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c
m
la
ye
r
.
T
h
e
num
be
r
of
m
ic
r
om
yc
e
te
s
in
a
ll
va
r
ia
nt
s
of
ty
pi
c
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
a
r
a
bl
e
la
nd
w
a
s
c
lo
s
e
ly
r
e
la
te
d
to
th
e
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
(
r
=
0.59±0.06)
.
T
hi
s
s
ugg
e
s
ts
th
a
t
ty
pi
c
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
a
bs
ol
ut
e
a
nd
m
ow
n
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
ls
pr
ovi
de
f
a
vor
a
bl
e
c
ondi
ti
ons
f
or
th
e
f
or
m
a
ti
on
o
f
th
e
pe
r
ip
he
r
a
l
pa
r
t
of
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
a
ll
ow
la
nd,
a
n
in
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
num
be
r
of
bot
h
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd
hum
a
te
-
s
ynt
he
s
iz
in
g
f
ungi
w
a
s
ob
s
e
r
ve
d.
P
lo
w
in
g
na
tu
r
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
le
a
d
s
to
a
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n t
he
numbe
r
of
m
ic
r
om
yc
e
te
s
a
nd a
r
e
duc
ti
on i
n t
ot
a
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
.
T
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
us
e
s
of
ty
pi
c
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
of
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
c
e
nos
e
s
a
nd
or
di
na
r
y
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
ha
ve
le
d
to
a
c
ha
nge
in
th
e
di
r
e
c
ti
on
o
f
m
ic
r
obi
a
l
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
of
or
ga
ni
c
m
a
tt
e
r
[
25]
.
P
lo
w
in
g
vi
r
gi
n
s
oi
ls
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
c
om
pos
in
g
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
by
f
our
ti
m
e
s
a
nd
14%
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
c
om
pl
e
te
ly
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l
[
26]
.
I
ns
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
a
m
ount
s
of
pl
a
nt
r
e
s
i
due
s
a
nd
e
n
e
r
gy
m
a
te
r
ia
l
e
nt
e
r
th
e
a
r
a
bl
e
s
oi
l,
le
a
di
ng t
o humus
m
in
e
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on.
T
a
bl
e
1. N
um
be
r
of
c
ol
ony
-
f
or
m
in
g unit
s
of
s
tr
e
pt
om
yc
e
te
s
i
n t
ypi
c
a
l
na
tu
r
a
l
f
ie
ld
s
w
it
h gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n s
oi
ls
unde
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
phytoc
e
nos
e
s
, 10
6
·
C
F
U
/g
of
s
oi
l
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
va
r
i
a
nt
S
oi
l
l
a
ye
r
, c
m
0
-
5
5
-
20
20
-
40
A
bs
ol
ut
e
l
y na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
8.44±
0.40
2.32±
0.18
1.48±
0.24
M
ow
n na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
1.09±
0.12
1.24±
0.05
0.78±
0.30
F
or
e
s
t
be
l
t
1.25±
0.18
0.84±
0.12
0.90±
0.06
A
r
a
bl
e
l
a
nd s
i
nc
e
1936
0.98±
0.11
0.62±
0.07
0.25±
0.08
F
a
l
l
ow
s
i
nc
e
1956
1.50±
0.20
1.15±
0.06
0.37±
0.09
T
a
bl
e
2. N
um
be
r
of
c
ol
ony
-
f
or
m
in
g unit
s
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
a
nd huma
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng mi
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
, t
ot
a
l
hum
us
unde
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n phytoc
e
nos
e
s
,
ty
pi
c
a
l
na
tu
r
a
l
c
e
nos
e
s
, 10
6
·
C
F
U
/g
s
oi
l
U
s
e
c
a
s
e
S
oi
l
l
a
ye
r
, c
m
T
ot
a
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
,
%
P
e
dot
r
ophi
c
m
i
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
H
um
a
t
e
-
de
gr
a
di
ng m
i
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
A
bs
ol
ut
e
l
y
na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
-
13.00±
0.36
1.50±
0.09
5
-
20
8.81±
0.04
14.10±
0.18
1.25±
0.06
20
-
40
6.23±
0.06
14.34±
0.30
1.39±
0.42
0
-
40
7.52±
0.05
13.8±
0.28
1.38±
0.19
M
ow
n
na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
-
13.73±
0.06
2.72±
0.42
5
-
20
7.79±
0.05
6.25±
0.36
1.30±
0.24
20
-
40
5.32±
0.06
5.58±
0.30
1.44±
0.12
0
-
40
6.56±
0.06
8.52±
0.24
1.82±
0.26
F
or
e
s
t
be
l
t
0
-
5
-
15.77±
0.30
3.09±
0.06
5
-
20
8.60±
0.04
13.08±
0.48
1.62±
0.09
20
-
40
6.42±
0.06
10.68±
0.36
0.78±
0.08
0
-
40
7.50±
0.05
13.2±
0.38
1.83±
0.08
A
r
a
bl
e
l
a
nd
s
i
nc
e
1936
0
-
5
-
11.90±
0.18
2.38±
0.25
5
-
20
5.9±
0.04
11.50±
018
1.78±
0.18
20
-
40
5.43±
0.05
9.32±
0.42
0.63±
0.08
0
-
40
5.6±
0.05
10.9±
0.26
1.60±
0.17
F
a
l
l
ow
0
-
5
-
13.50±
0.30
1.44±
0.12
5
-
20
7.33±
0.03
11.50±
0.28
0.67±
0.18
20
-
40
5.81±
0.04
5.72±
0.09
0.80±
0.05
0
-
40
6.57±
0.04
10.2±
0.22
0.97±
0.12
T
a
bl
e
3. N
um
be
r
of
c
ol
ony
-
f
or
m
in
g e
m
br
yos
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
a
nd huma
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng mi
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
, t
ot
a
l
hum
us
i
n or
di
na
r
y gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n s
oi
ls
unde
r
va
r
io
us
phytoc
e
nos
e
s
of
na
tu
r
a
l
c
e
nos
e
s
U
s
e
c
a
s
e
S
oi
l
l
a
ye
r
, c
m
P
e
dot
r
ophi
c
m
i
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
,
10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
H
um
a
t
e
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
i
c
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
,10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
P
e
dot
r
ophi
c
i
nde
x
T
ot
a
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
, %
A
bs
ol
ut
e
l
y
na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
9.60±
0.15
0.72±
0.12
2.46
7.33±
0.11
5
-
20
8.30±
0.18
0.60±
0.09
2.31
6.09±
0.08
20
-
40
7.12±
0.23
0.53±
0.09
4.45
5.39±
0.09
0
-
40
8.34±
0.19
0.62±
0.10
2.75
6.27±
0.09
M
ow
n
na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
7.40±
0.10
2.02±
0.16
2.20
6.62±
0.12
5
-
20
6.61±
0.18
1.48±
0.11
2.39
5.53±
0.11
20
-
40
6.68±
0.16
0,.68±
0.11
4.28
4.59±
0.10
0
-
40
6.90±
0.15
1.39±
0.13
2.70
5.58±
0.11
A
r
a
bl
e
l
a
nd
0
-
5
9.90±
0.15
2.60±
0.25
2.01
5.29±
0.08
5
-
20
9.50±
0.13
3.11±
0.18
1.96
4.97±
0.08
20
-
40
7.11±
0.15
2.11±
0.17
1.32
3.98±
0.09
0
-
40
8.5±
0.14
2.61±
0.20
1.68
4.75±
0.09
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
B
io
e
c
ol
ogi
c
al
c
har
ta
c
te
r
i
s
ti
c
s
of
m
ode
r
n s
oi
l
c
ov
e
r
i
n s
ubt
r
opi
c
r
e
gi
ons
of
…
(
F
ar
id
a V
e
r
di
y
e
v
a B
ahr
am
)
1205
T
a
bl
e
4.
T
he
numbe
r
of
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
gr
oups
i
n t
he
s
oi
ls
of
t
he
s
tu
di
e
d f
ie
ld
s
U
s
e
c
a
s
e
S
oi
l
l
a
ye
r
,
cm
A
m
yl
ol
yt
i
c
s
10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
A
m
m
oni
f
i
e
r
s
10
6
·
C
F
U
/
g
C
e
l
l
ul
os
e
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
10
4
·
C
F
U
/
g
S
oi
l
f
ungi
e
s
10
4
·
C
F
U
/
g
A
bs
ol
ut
e
l
y
na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
20.8±
4.3
45.8±
10.5
15.8±
0.8
15.4±
2.9
5
-
20
16.4±
4.7
36.8±
3.1
11.2±
4.2
8.2±
0.2
20
-
40
9.9±
0.3
28.2±
17.1
10.6±
5.0
5.7±
0.5
0
-
40
9.5±
1.4
12.2±
2.5
5.4±
0.6
19.6±
3.2
M
ow
n na
t
ur
a
l
s
oi
l
0
-
5
19.5±
0.9
26.6±
3.6
17.5±
7.2
26.3±
10.6
5
-
20
17.9±
0.3
23.8±
1.8
25.1±
7.1
11.8±
6.7
20
-
40
9.9±
0.3
24.3±
5.9
3.1±
2.7
13.9±
7.2
0
-
40
12.2±
0.4
17.2±
2.7
4.4±
0.9
5.9±
5.0
N
ot
e
:
m
e
a
n±
s
t
a
nda
r
d de
vi
a
t
i
on
4.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
P
e
r
e
nni
a
l
w
oody
ve
ge
ta
ti
on
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
th
e
num
be
r
of
pe
dot
r
o
phi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
by
17
-
21%
a
nd
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
by
12
-
14%
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
a
n
a
b
s
ol
ut
e
ly
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l.
T
he
c
or
r
e
la
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
ic
ie
nt
be
twe
e
n
th
e
num
be
r
of
hum
a
te
-
de
gr
a
di
ng
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
a
nd
th
e
p
e
dot
r
ophi
c
in
de
x
w
a
s
r=
-
0.685±0.09.
P
lo
w
in
g
na
tu
r
a
l
gr
a
y
-
br
ow
n
s
oi
ls
r
e
duc
e
s
th
e
to
ta
l
hum
us
c
ont
e
nt
a
nd
th
e
num
be
r
of
m
ic
r
om
yc
e
te
s
th
a
t
f
or
m
th
e
pe
r
ip
he
r
a
l
pa
r
t
of
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
.
C
om
pa
r
e
d
to
na
tu
r
a
l
s
oi
l,
th
e
a
r
a
bl
e
la
n
d
va
r
ia
nt
s
how
e
d
a
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
lo
w
e
r
c
ont
e
nt
of
pe
dot
r
ophi
c
m
ic
r
oor
ga
ni
s
m
s
th
a
t
de
c
om
pos
e
m
obi
le
hum
ic
s
ubs
ta
nc
e
s
.
A
C
K
N
O
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
N
T
S
T
hi
s
w
or
k
w
a
s
f
in
a
nc
ia
ll
y
s
uppor
te
d
by
th
e
a
ut
hor
s
a
nd
th
e
e
q
ui
pm
e
nt
pr
ovi
de
d
by
th
e
I
ns
ti
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[
1]
S
.
B
e
he
r
a
a
nd
P
.
K
.
P
a
t
i
,
“
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
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d
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o
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c
ol
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c
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l
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e
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hods
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or
s
oi
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nd
w
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t
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on:
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p
r
e
he
ns
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ve
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
C
ont
e
m
por
ar
y
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
i
n
M
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t
i
di
s
c
i
pl
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,
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J
.
W
.
D
or
a
n
a
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M
.
R
.
Z
e
i
s
s
,
“
S
oi
l
he
a
l
t
h
a
nd
s
us
t
a
i
na
bi
l
i
t
y:
m
a
na
gi
ng
t
he
bi
ot
i
c
c
om
pone
nt
of
s
oi
l
qua
l
i
t
y,”
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Soi
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E
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Soi
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c
r
obi
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e
c
ol
ogy
and
bi
oc
h
e
m
i
s
t
r
y
.
A
m
s
t
e
r
da
m
,
T
he
N
e
t
he
r
l
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E
l
s
e
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r
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R
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de
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T
.
H
a
s
a
nova
,
“
E
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
s
u
s
t
a
i
na
bi
l
i
t
y
of
a
gr
oe
c
os
ys
t
e
m
a
nd
pr
oduc
t
i
vi
t
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
i
n
t
he
B
a
r
da
A
r
e
a
us
i
ng
N
D
V
I
a
nd
S
A
V
I
,”
A
dv
anc
e
s
i
n
B
i
ol
ogy
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ar
t
h
Sc
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nc
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A
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N
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I
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i
ya
r
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.
V
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B
a
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a
m
,
“
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
on
of
f
e
e
d
qu
a
l
i
t
y
a
nd
m
a
l
l
ow
or
ga
ni
c
r
e
s
i
due
s
,”
C
om
pt
e
s
R
e
ndu
s
de
L
’
A
c
ade
m
i
e
B
ul
gar
e
de
s
Sc
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e
nc
e
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R
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I
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z
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h,
F
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M
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m
a
z
a
nov
a
,
T
.
A
.
H
a
s
a
nov
a
,
G
.
I
.
M
a
m
m
a
dova
,
a
nd
G
.
F
.
A
s
ga
r
ova
,
“
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
va
r
i
a
t
i
ons
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
bi
ol
ogi
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
G
r
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a
t
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a
uc
a
s
u
s
f
or
e
s
t
s
oi
l
s
u
s
e
d
f
or
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
,”
Sabr
ao
J
ou
r
nal
of
B
r
e
e
di
ng
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G
e
ne
t
i
c
s
,
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B
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,
S
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E
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H
.
B
a
gi
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a
nd
A
.
H
a
s
hi
m
ova
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
e
r
s
on
t
he
pr
oduc
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i
vi
t
y
of
pl
a
nt
s
unde
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
c
ondi
t
i
o
ns
,”
B
I
O
W
e
b of
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
s
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Sc
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nc
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ngdon, U
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e
dge
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A
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K
l
e
i
n,
N
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E
i
s
e
nha
ue
r
,
a
nd
I
.
S
c
ha
e
f
e
r
,
“
I
nva
s
i
ve
l
um
br
i
c
i
d
e
a
r
t
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or
m
s
i
n
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or
t
h
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m
e
r
i
c
a
—
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
l
i
f
e
hi
s
t
or
i
e
s
but
c
om
m
on
di
s
pe
r
s
a
l
?
,”
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oge
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m
m
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,
A
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Y
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G
a
hr
a
m
a
nova
,
L
.
N
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B
unya
t
ova
,
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M
.
B
a
ba
ye
va
,
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nd
L
.
A
.
H
us
e
ynova
,
“
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
on
of
m
a
i
n
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
a
nd
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
o
f
s
oi
l
s
unde
r
ha
z
e
l
nut
c
ul
t
i
va
t
i
on
i
n
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n,”
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om
pt
e
s
R
e
ndus
de
L
’
A
c
ade
m
i
e
B
ul
gar
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Sc
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e
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R
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A
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S
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di
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M
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f
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A
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M
.
A
z
i
m
ov,
“
A
na
l
ys
i
s
of
t
he
e
r
os
i
o
n
pr
oc
e
s
s
i̇
n
unde
ve
l
ope
d
m
ount
a
i
n
gr
a
y
-
c
i
nna
m
on
(
c
he
s
t
nut
)
s
oi
l
s
i
n
t
he
S
ha
m
ki
r
c
ha
y
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
s
e
r
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r
ba
s
i
n,”
Sab
r
ao
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r
e
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ne
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c
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A
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I
s
m
a
yi
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S
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S
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L
.
H
a
s
a
na
l
i
ye
va
,
S
.
O
s
m
a
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G
.
A
s
ga
r
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,
a
nd
T
.
H
a
s
a
nova
,
“
M
ode
r
n
s
oi
l
c
ov
e
r
of
na
t
ur
a
l
c
e
nos
e
s
a
nd
a
gr
os
e
no
s
e
s
l
a
nds
c
a
pe
s
of
t
he
K
ur
-
A
r
a
z
pl
a
i
n,”
A
dv
anc
e
s
i
n B
i
ol
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M
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J
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s
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ov,
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n
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
r
e
c
l
a
m
a
t
i
on
c
o
ndi
t
i
ons
i
n
t
he
i
r
r
i
ga
t
e
d
l
a
nds
of
t
he
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
R
e
publ
i
c
,”
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nal
of
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e
r
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e
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T
.
D
a
vi
e
s
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R
.
G
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i
nde
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m
a
n,
“
S
ho
r
t
t
e
r
m
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
phos
phor
us
a
nd
V
A
-
m
yc
or
r
hi
z
a
l
f
ungi
on
nut
r
i
t
i
on,
g
r
ow
t
h
a
nd
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
C
a
ps
i
c
um
a
nnuum
L
.,
”
Sc
i
e
nt
i
a
H
or
t
i
c
ul
t
u
r
ae
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R
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B
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A
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kba
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,
V
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I
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G
udr
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,
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M
.
I
s
l
a
m
,
a
nd
T
.
H
.
A
l
l
a
hve
r
di
,
“
S
oi
l
s
a
l
i
ni
z
a
t
i
on
i
n
U
j
a
r
R
e
gi
on
of
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n
w
i
t
h
i
nde
x
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
a
nd
va
r
i
ous
m
e
t
hods
c
om
pa
r
i
s
on,”
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
h
e
B
ul
gar
i
an
A
c
ade
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M
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ut
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H
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s
oi
l
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y
s
i
s
:
m
i
ne
r
al
ogi
c
al
,
or
gani
c
and
i
nor
gani
c
m
e
t
hods
.
B
e
r
l
i
n,
H
e
i
de
l
b
e
r
g:
S
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i
nge
r
B
e
r
l
i
n H
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l
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al
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,
“
A
nt
hr
opoge
ni
c
i
m
pa
c
t
s
on
A
j
i
nohur
a
r
i
d f
or
e
s
t
s
of
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n,”
A
c
t
a B
i
ol
ogi
c
a Si
bi
r
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c
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Z
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m
a
n,
A
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A
ya
z
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D
.
P
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,
“
B
i
oge
oc
he
m
i
c
a
l
c
yc
l
e
s
i
n
pl
a
nt
–
s
oi
l
s
ys
t
e
m
s
:
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nc
e
f
or
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
,
i
nt
e
r
c
onne
c
t
i
ons
,
a
nd a
nt
hr
opoge
ni
c
di
s
r
upt
i
o
ns
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ol
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M
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i
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A
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I
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a
nm
i
,
O
.
A
l
i
m
a
,
a
nd
D
.
E
.
O
m
i
n
i
,
“
E
xpl
o
r
i
ng
how
hum
a
n
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
di
s
t
ur
b
t
he
ba
l
a
nc
e
of
bi
oge
oc
he
m
i
c
a
l
c
yc
l
e
s
:
e
vi
de
n
c
e
f
r
om
t
he
c
a
r
bon,
ni
t
r
oge
n
a
nd
hydr
ol
ogi
c
c
yc
l
e
s
,”
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
on
W
or
l
d
A
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
al
E
c
onom
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Y
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ha
o
e
t
al
.
,
“
V
a
r
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y of
s
oi
l
e
nz
ym
e
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
a
nd
nut
r
i
e
nt
s
w
i
t
h
f
or
e
s
t
g
a
p r
e
ne
w
a
l
i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ng
w
i
t
h
s
oi
l
de
pt
hs
i
n de
gr
a
d
e
d
K
a
r
s
t
f
or
e
s
t
s
,”
E
c
ol
ogi
c
al
I
ndi
c
at
or
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Y
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V
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Z
a
ka
l
yuki
na
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G
.
M
.
Z
e
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nd
D
.
G
.
Z
vya
gi
nt
s
e
v,
“
P
e
c
ul
i
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
of
gr
ow
t
h
a
nd
m
or
phol
ogi
c
a
l
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
i
a
t
i
on
of
a
c
i
dophi
l
i
c
a
nd
n
e
ut
r
ophi
l
i
c
s
oi
l
s
t
r
e
pt
om
yc
e
t
e
s
,”
M
i
c
r
obi
ol
ogy
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1,
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2004
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S
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J
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T
ys
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S
.
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e
s
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A
.
G
a
ł
ą
z
ka
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J
.
J
oni
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c
,
J
.
B
e
dna
r
z
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a
nd
R
.
C
i
e
r
pi
a
ł
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,
“
B
i
ol
ogi
c
a
l
a
c
t
i
vi
t
y
a
nd
f
unc
t
i
ona
l
di
ve
r
s
i
t
y
i
n
s
oi
l
i
n di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
c
ul
t
i
va
t
i
on s
ys
t
e
m
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
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e
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A
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S
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di
gov
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.
G
.
M
us
t
a
f
a
ye
v,
“
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
m
ount
a
i
n
-
f
or
e
s
t
c
i
nna
m
on
s
oi
l
t
ype
s
i
n
t
he
ba
s
i
n
of
t
he
N
e
w
S
ha
m
ki
r
c
ha
y
r
e
s
e
r
voi
r
,”
Sabr
ao J
our
nal
of
B
r
e
e
di
ng and G
e
n
e
t
i
c
s
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o2024.56.1.24.
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S
.
A
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t
al
.
,
“
S
t
udy
o
f
t
he
m
ode
r
n
bi
o
-
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
s
t
a
t
e
a
b
s
he
r
on
c
o
a
s
t
l
i
ne
s
,”
A
dv
anc
e
s
i
n
B
i
ol
ogy
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E
ar
t
h
Sc
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e
nc
e
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V
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M
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a
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e
da
l
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ye
va
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nd
G
.
S
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H
e
yda
r
z
a
de
,
“
T
he
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
of
a
e
r
os
ol
s
on
f
or
e
s
t
ve
ge
t
a
t
i
on
c
ove
r
i
n
t
h
e
S
out
h
-
W
e
s
t
of
A
z
e
r
ba
i
j
a
n,”
L
e
s
noy
Z
hur
nal
(
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or
e
s
t
r
y
J
ou
r
nal
)
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1036
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S
.
A
m
a
nova
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A
.
H
a
j
i
ye
va
,
a
nd
F
.
J
a
f
a
r
ova
,
“
I
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
on
of
u
r
ba
n
he
a
t
i
s
l
a
nd
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
i
ng
a
nd
G
I
S
,”
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
B
ul
gar
i
an A
c
ade
m
y
of
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
, vol
. 77, no. 8, A
ug. 2024, doi
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C
R
A
B
S
.2024.08.05.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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c
ol
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c
al
c
har
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c
te
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i
s
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c
s
of
m
ode
r
n s
oi
l
c
ov
e
r
i
n s
ubt
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c
r
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ons
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1207
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
E
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
Farida
Verdiyeva
Bahram
,
Ph.D.
is
in
Agricultural
Sciences.
S
he
w
orks
at
the
Azerbaijan
State
Agrarian
University.
She
is
a
Head
Lecture
r
at
the
Department
of
Soil
Science
and
Agrochemistry,
Faculty
of
Agronomy.
She
is
an
a
uthor
of
more
t
han
30
scientific
research
papers
(Scopus
and
Wo
S
),
4
educational
programs
for
bachelor
'
s
and
master
's
degree
s
.
She
can
be contacted at email:
farida.verdiyeva@
adau.edu.az
.
Turkan
Hasanova
Allahverdi
,
Ph.D
.
is
an
Associate
Professor
in
Agricultural
Scienc
es.
She
w
orks
at
Baku
State
University
as
a
teacher.
S
he
is
also
an
a
uthor
of
100
scientific
research
articles
(12
Scopus
and
3
Wo
S
),
1
monograph
, 2
chapters
in
a
collecti
ve
monograph
,
and
2
educational
programs.
She
is
a
r
eviewer
in
19
Wo
S
and
Scopus
and
a
member
of
the
editorial
board
in
two
Scopus
-
indexed
journals.
Engaged
in
innovative
laborator
y
resear
ch
in
the
field
of
ecology
and
soil
biology.
She
c
an
be
contacted
at
email:
turkanhese
nova@mail.ru
.
Mahsati
Ismayil
ova
Eyvaz
is
w
ork
ing
at
Azerbaijan
State
Agrari
an
University
a
s
a
Lect
ure
r
Assistant
at
the
Department
of
Soil
Science
and
A
grochemistry,
Faculty
of
Agronomy.
She
is
an
a
uthor
of
more
than
20
scientific
research
paper
s,
2
educational
programs
for
bachelor
'
s
and
master
's
degree
s
.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email
:
mahsati.ismayilo
va@
adau.edu
.az
.
Elnur
Huseynov
Yusif
,
Ph.D.
is
in
Technical
Sciences.
He
works
at
the
Azerbaijan
State
Oil
and
Industry
University,
Department
of
Industrial
Engineering,
Faculty
of
Petrole
um
Mecha
nics
,
as
a
Lect
ure
r
.
He
is
an
author
of
53
scientific
research
articles
in
peer
-
reviewed
journals. He
can be
contacte
d at email: e
lnur.y.husey
nov@
socar.a
z.
Telli
Jabiyeva
Elshad
is
w
ork
ing
at
the
Azerbaijan
University
of Architectur
e
and
Constructio
n.
She
is
a
t
eacher
at
the
Department
o
f
Geomatics
also
an
a
uthor
of
32
scientific
research
articles
in
peer
-
reviewed
journals.
She
is
a
c
o
-
author
of
tea
ching
aids
,
2
educational
programs
for
bachelor
'
s
and
master
's
degree
s
.
She
can
b
e
contacted
at
email:
telli.jabiyeva
@
azmiu.edu.
az
.
Gunel
Asgarova
Farhad
is
work
ing
as
a
researcher
at
the
Dep
artment
of
Soil
Genesis,
G
eography
and
C
artography
in
the
Institut
e
of
Soil
Science
and
Agrochemistry
,
Ministry
of
Science
and
Education
of
the
A
zerbaijan
Republic
.
Auth
or
of
35
research
arti
cles
(4
Scopus
and
Wo
S
),
1
book.
Reviewer
in
5
scientific
journals.
She
c
onducts
soil
research
in
an
agricult
ural labo
ratory.
She ca
n be c
ontact
ed at
email:
asgarovagun
el16@
mail.ru
.
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