I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
, pp.
1322
~
1331
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v
14
.
i
4
.
pp
1322
-
1331
1322
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
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om
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ase
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l
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ngs
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e
pa
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e
nt
of
B
i
ol
ogy E
duc
a
t
i
on,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
T
e
a
c
he
r
T
r
a
i
ni
ng a
nd E
duc
a
t
i
on
,
S
a
m
udr
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, L
a
ngs
a
, I
ndone
s
i
a
4
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
M
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng,
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
S
a
m
udr
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, L
a
ngs
a
, I
ndone
s
i
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
M
a
y
13
,
2025
R
e
vi
s
e
d
O
c
t
11
,
2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
N
ov
04
,
2025
Traffic
congestion
in
urban
areas
affects
ambulance
trips
to
hospital
s.
This
research
aims
to
find
the
fastest
route
for
ambulances
to
travel.
The
fastest
route
has
criteria
such
as
road
shape,
road
width,
shortest
distanc
e
tr
aveled,
and
fewer
road
users.
This
detection
system
applies
internet
of
thing
s
(
IoT
)
technology
to
each
ambulance
equipped
with
global
positioning
system
(
GPS
)
,
NodeMCU,
and
Wi
-
Fi
modem
that
can
send
GPS
coordinates
to
the
cloud
server,
which
will
then
mark
the
shortest
distance
from
its
current
location
to
the
hospital
through
the
place
where
the
emergen
cy call
is raised.
The
components
used
in
this
research
are
Neo6M
GPS,
Nod
eMCU
ESP8266,
cloud
computing
,
and
smartphone.
This
system
can
p
rovide
realtime
informatio
n
on
all
ambulance
positio
ns
via
android
applicatio
ns
and
Telegram
messenger
.
The
results
obtained
can
determine
the
fastes
t
path,
distance,
and
travel
time.
In
addition,
the
operation
of
this
system
tak
es
2
-
3
minutes
to
find
the
GPS
signal
at
the
beginning,
then
there
is
a
1
-
2
second
delay
from
the
GPS
Tracking
movement.
Testing
the
route
accuracy
of
this
system
and
google
maps
by
d
riving
by
motor
cycle
shows
the
results
of
this
GPS system
are more accurate in terms of di
stance and travel tim
e.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
c
c
ur
a
c
y
C
lo
ud c
om
put
in
g
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
T
r
a
c
ki
ng
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
R
iz
a
lu
l
A
kr
a
m
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
c
,
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
S
a
m
udr
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
St
. P
r
of
. D
r
.
S
ya
r
ie
f
T
ha
e
b, L
a
ngs
a
, I
ndone
s
ia
E
m
a
il
:
r
iz
a
lu
la
kr
a
m
@
uns
a
m
.a
c
.i
d
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
r
a
f
f
ic
c
onge
s
ti
on
h
a
s
lo
ng
be
e
n
a
s
e
r
io
us
c
ha
ll
e
nge
in
de
ns
e
ly
popula
te
d
c
it
ie
s
a
nd
c
ount
r
ie
s
[
1]
.
T
he
ye
a
r
ly
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
ve
hi
c
le
s
w
it
hout
pr
opor
ti
ona
l
r
oa
d
w
id
e
ni
ng
or
th
e
a
ddi
ti
on
of
ove
r
pa
s
s
e
s
is
a
pr
im
a
r
y
dr
iv
e
r
of
gr
id
lo
c
k.
G
ove
r
nm
e
nt
s
ha
ve
a
tt
e
m
pt
e
d
va
r
io
us
pol
ic
ie
s
s
uc
h
a
s
tr
a
f
f
ic
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
odd
e
ve
n
li
c
e
ns
e
pl
a
te
s
c
he
m
e
s
,
but
th
e
im
pa
c
t
ha
s
not
be
e
n
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
[
2]
.
T
he
c
ons
e
que
nc
e
s
a
r
e
c
r
it
ic
a
l
w
he
n
r
a
pi
d
r
e
s
pons
e
i
s
ne
e
de
d
f
or
pa
r
a
m
e
di
c
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
s
,
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
,
a
n
d
ot
he
r
e
m
e
r
ge
nc
ie
s
.
T
he
s
pe
e
d
of
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
f
or
pa
ti
e
nt
s
w
ho
r
e
qui
r
e
a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
is
on
e
of
th
e
d
e
te
r
m
in
a
nt
s
of
pa
ti
e
nt
s
a
f
e
ty
.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
th
e
s
e
is
s
ue
s
,
a
s
ys
te
m
i
s
ne
e
de
d
to
m
oni
to
r
r
oa
d
us
e
r
c
ondi
ti
ons
us
in
g
th
e
gl
oba
l
pos
it
io
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
(
G
P
S
)
a
nd
in
te
r
ne
t
of
th
in
gs
(
I
oT
)
[
3
]
.
T
ypi
c
a
l
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
ons
e
m
pl
oy
a
G
P
S
m
odu
le
a
nd
a
N
ode
M
C
U
c
onne
c
te
d
to
G
oogl
e
M
a
ps
a
nd
c
lo
ud
c
om
put
in
g
to
c
ol
le
c
t
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
b
out
pa
r
a
m
e
di
c
ve
hi
c
le
s
,
a
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
om
m
onl
y
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
a
s
tr
a
c
ki
ng.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
lo
c
a
ti
on
de
te
c
ti
on,
in
c
lu
di
ng
la
ti
tu
de
a
nd
lo
ngi
tu
de
,
is
a
ke
y
f
a
c
to
r
in
de
ve
lo
pi
ng s
uc
h a
s
ys
te
m
[
4]
.
A
s
ub
s
ta
nt
i
a
l
bo
dy
of
w
or
k
h
a
s
e
x
pl
or
e
d
G
P
S
b
a
s
e
d
I
o
T
f
or
p
os
it
io
n
tr
a
c
k
in
g
[
5]
.
G
P
S
i
s
a
s
a
t
e
l
li
t
e
na
v
ig
a
ti
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
ha
t
pr
ov
id
e
s
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n a
n
d
ti
m
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
io
n
i
n
a
ll
w
e
a
th
e
r
c
ond
it
i
on
s
a
ny
w
h
e
r
e
o
n
th
e
e
a
r
t
h’
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8814
A
m
bul
anc
e
t
r
ac
k
in
g s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g G
P
S m
odul
e
and I
oT
bas
e
d
te
le
gr
am
m
e
s
s
e
ng
e
r
t
o f
in
d
…
(
R
iz
al
ul
A
k
r
am
)
1323
s
ur
f
a
c
e
,
pr
o
vi
de
d
a
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
ha
s
c
o
ve
r
a
g
e
f
r
o
m
a
t
le
a
s
t
f
o
ur
s
a
te
ll
it
e
s
[
6]
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
i
s
a
gl
o
b
a
l
n
e
t
w
or
k
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
t
ha
t
li
n
k
s
ph
ys
ic
a
l
a
n
d
vi
r
t
u
a
l
ob
je
c
t
s
t
hr
o
ugh
d
a
t
a
c
a
pt
ur
e
a
n
d
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
gi
e
s
,
bui
l
di
n
g
on
e
xi
s
t
in
g
n
e
t
w
or
k
s
a
n
d
t
he
i
nt
e
r
n
e
t
a
nd
th
e
ir
e
xt
e
ns
io
n
s
[
7]
.
G
P
S
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
r
e
c
o
m
pr
i
s
e
s
th
r
e
e
s
e
gm
e
n
ts
, t
h
e
s
pa
c
e
s
e
g
m
e
nt
,
t
he
c
on
tr
ol
s
e
gm
e
n
t,
a
nd
t
he
u
s
e
r
s
e
gm
e
n
t,
w
it
h
a
t
ot
a
l
of
24
s
a
t
e
l
li
t
e
s
or
b
it
in
g
th
e
e
a
r
th
,
2
1
a
c
t
iv
e
a
nd
3
on
s
t
a
n
db
y.
T
he
s
e
s
a
te
ll
i
te
s
r
e
c
e
iv
e
a
nd
s
t
or
e
da
ta
f
r
om
c
ont
r
ol
s
ta
t
io
ns
,
m
a
i
nt
a
in
hi
ghl
y
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
ti
m
e
w
it
h
onb
oa
r
d
a
t
om
i
c
c
l
oc
ks
,
a
n
d
c
o
nt
i
nu
a
ll
y t
r
a
n
s
m
it
s
i
gn
a
l
s
a
n
d i
nf
or
m
a
ti
o
n t
o r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
s
[
8]
.
M
ul
ti
pl
e
s
tu
di
e
s
r
e
por
t
m
a
tu
r
e
s
ol
ut
io
n
s
a
n
d
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
.
A
ve
hi
c
l
e
s
e
c
ur
it
y
s
ys
t
e
m
th
a
t
tr
a
c
k
s
lo
c
a
ti
on
s
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
a
nd
c
o
nt
r
ol
s
th
e
e
ngi
n
e
th
r
ou
gh
T
e
le
gr
a
m
a
c
hi
e
v
e
d
a
ve
r
y
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
p
on
s
e
ti
m
e
of
2.776
s
e
c
ond
s
,
a
nd
th
e
b
e
s
t
di
s
t
a
n
c
e
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
be
tw
e
e
n
G
oogl
e
M
a
ps
a
nd
G
P
S
w
it
h
a
s
uc
c
e
s
s
r
a
te
of
97.35
%
a
nd
a
n
e
r
r
or
r
a
t
e
of
2.65
%
[
9]
.
A
not
h
e
r
s
tu
d
y
m
oni
to
r
e
d
tr
a
f
f
i
c
a
nd
a
s
s
i
s
te
d
p
a
r
a
m
e
di
c
s
a
nd
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
to
n
a
vi
g
a
te
th
e
f
a
s
te
s
t
r
out
e
s
u
s
in
g
A
r
dui
no
ba
s
e
d
c
ir
c
ui
t
s
by
s
e
ndi
ng
G
P
S
c
oor
d
in
a
t
e
s
a
nd
gui
di
ng v
e
hi
c
le
s
a
lo
ng s
e
r
ve
r
d
e
f
in
e
d pa
th
s
t
h
a
t
s
a
ve
t
im
e
[
10]
.
A
n A
m
bul
a
nc
e
T
r
a
c
ke
r
a
p
pl
ic
a
ti
on
w
a
s
s
h
ow
n
to
im
pr
ove
t
he
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
c
y
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
ne
s
s
of
e
m
e
r
ge
n
c
y
m
e
d
ic
a
l
in
t
e
r
ve
nt
io
n
s
,
ul
ti
m
a
te
ly
s
a
vi
ng
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out
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s
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11]
.
G
P
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ba
s
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uni
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e
[
12]
.
E
f
f
ic
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t
tr
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te
m
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ve
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us
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odu
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k
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ur
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nd l
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s
[
13]
, [
14]
.
T
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
th
e
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e
o
6M
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odul
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ha
s
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e
e
n
e
va
lu
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te
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how
in
g
a
di
s
ta
nc
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
a
bout
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to
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m
e
te
r
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d
w
it
h
r
e
a
di
ngs
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r
om
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oogl
e
M
a
ps
or
s
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a
r
tp
hone
s
.
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nde
r
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ne
twor
k
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ondi
ti
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th
e
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ve
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a
ge
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y
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a
s
0.326
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e
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ond
s
a
nd
th
e
th
r
oughput
of
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ta
tr
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n
s
m
is
s
io
n
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s
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g
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od
e
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C
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r
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h
e
d
140.4
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pe
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s
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ond
ov
e
r
150
s
e
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onds
[
15]
.
A
m
obi
le
a
p
pl
ic
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ti
on
f
or
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tr
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ki
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duc
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nge
r
w
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it
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ti
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e
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out
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a
ti
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nd
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ly
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oor
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or
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e
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la
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d
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,
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,
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nd
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[
16]
.
A
m
bu
la
nc
e
tr
a
c
ki
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s
ys
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te
c
hnol
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lp
s
hos
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ta
l
a
dm
in
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tr
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ti
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pr
e
pa
r
e
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c
ti
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or
e
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e
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ti
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nt
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r
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by
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om
bi
ni
ng
G
S
M
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nd
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P
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lo
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ic
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le
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h
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s
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r
dui
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to
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oor
d
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te
th
e
m
odul
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s
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17
]
.
A
c
ont
in
uous
G
P
S
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r
a
c
ke
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g
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ode
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C
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S
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s
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ig
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ti
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c
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in
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[
18]
.
A
c
ont
in
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P
S
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r
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c
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s
ig
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w
it
h
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e
he
lp
of
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ode
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C
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P
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8266
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r
d.
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n
th
is
pr
oj
e
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t,
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a
n
f
in
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th
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lo
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ti
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gi
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ls
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hi
ld
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or
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r
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h
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oduc
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a
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ir
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g/
poc
k
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or
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ls
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w
he
r
e
[
19]
.
O
th
e
r
r
e
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l
ti
m
e
s
ol
ut
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in
te
gr
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te
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oT
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ve
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le
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m
uni
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ul
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r
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ne
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ks
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M
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nd
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S
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ir
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or
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s
our
c
e
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a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
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nd
tr
a
c
ki
ng
[
20]
.
A
not
he
r
s
ys
te
m
di
s
pl
a
ys
v
e
hi
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le
lo
c
a
ti
ons
on
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oogl
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M
a
ps
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in
g
a
n
A
r
dui
no
M
e
ga
m
ic
r
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ont
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ol
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U
bl
ox
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E
O
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G
P
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nd
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S
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M
900A
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S
M
m
odul
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to
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c
t
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im
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a
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tr
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c
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le
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w
he
n
a
m
ot
or
c
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s
to
le
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or
lo
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t
[
21]
.
A
n
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ba
s
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lm
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t
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ur
it
y
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m
w
it
h
tr
a
c
ki
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f
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a
tu
r
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s
f
or
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ndr
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m
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B
lu
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to
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to
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la
v
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of
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m
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it
h
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v
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ge
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r
dw
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r
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to
F
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s
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is
s
io
n
ti
m
e
of
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onds
,
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nd
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uppor
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d
m
oni
to
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g
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nd
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ki
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r
o
ugh
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ndr
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d
J
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ll
y
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n
a
ppl
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ti
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[
22]
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A
s
m
a
r
tp
hone
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ba
s
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m
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yc
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s
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ur
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n
U
bl
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G
P
S
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odul
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e
por
te
d
s
a
f
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m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
up
to
95
%
[
23]
.
A
n
in
te
r
ne
t
-
ba
s
e
d
a
c
c
id
e
nt
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te
c
ti
on,
tr
a
c
ki
ng,
a
nd
ha
ndl
in
g
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m
th
a
t
in
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te
s
T
e
le
gr
a
m
a
nd
S
M
S
,
c
a
ll
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d
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T
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S
ys
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nd
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c
c
iAddr
T
r
a
c
S
ys
,
a
ddr
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s
s
e
d
a
ga
p
in
pr
io
r
w
or
k
th
a
t
onl
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de
te
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te
d
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c
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id
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w
it
hout
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oor
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na
ti
ng
a
m
bul
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nc
e
a
r
r
iv
a
l,
a
n
d
te
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ti
ng
a
c
r
os
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di
f
f
e
r
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gr
a
vi
ty
f
or
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ve
ls
in
di
c
a
te
d
r
e
duc
e
d
f
a
ta
l
in
c
id
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s
[
24]
.
A
not
he
r
pr
ot
ot
ype
c
onne
c
te
d
a
n
A
r
dui
no
u
no, a
N
e
o
6
M
G
P
S
m
odul
e
,
a
nd
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E
S
P
8266
W
i
-
F
i
m
odul
e
to
s
e
nd
da
ta
to
T
hi
ngS
pe
a
k
a
s
a
c
lo
ud
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
pr
ogr
a
m
m
in
g
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
(
A
P
I
)
s
e
r
vi
c
e
f
or
s
to
r
a
ge
a
nd a
na
ly
s
is
[
25]
.
F
ur
th
e
r
te
s
ts
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
a
n
S
M
S
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
c
ki
ng s
ys
te
m
us
in
g
a
n
U
bl
ox N
e
o
6
M
G
P
S
m
odul
e
a
nd
a
S
I
M
800L
m
odul
e
c
a
n
he
lp
s
e
c
ur
e
va
lu
a
bl
e
a
s
s
e
t
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
s
a
nd
b
a
gs
by
s
e
ndi
ng
G
P
S
c
oor
di
na
te
s
to
a
de
s
ig
n
a
te
d
phone
num
be
r
[
26]
.
L
im
it
a
ti
ons
in
e
xi
s
ti
ng
tr
a
c
ki
ng
de
vi
c
e
s
, s
uc
h
a
s
th
e
in
a
bi
li
ty
to
ve
r
if
y
r
out
e
a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
,
w
e
r
e
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
by
a
pr
ot
ot
ype
th
a
t
a
dds
r
out
e
de
vi
a
ti
on
de
te
c
ti
on,
a
n
e
m
e
r
ge
nc
y
but
to
n,
a
nd
a
S
T
A
T
U
S
c
om
m
a
nd
th
a
t
pr
om
pt
s
th
e
de
vi
c
e
to
s
e
nd
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
lo
c
a
ti
on
vi
a
S
M
S
[
27]
.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l,
G
P
S
a
nd
G
S
M
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
c
ki
ng
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
ha
ve
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
e
d
ve
hi
c
le
m
oni
to
r
in
g
by
e
na
bl
in
g
r
e
m
ot
e
obs
e
r
va
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
im
pr
ove
s
s
a
f
e
ty
,
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
e
f
f
ic
i
e
nc
y,
a
nd
c
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
[
28]
.
F
or
s
m
a
ll
s
c
a
le
a
r
e
a
s
,
a
w
ir
e
le
s
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
twor
k
a
ppr
oa
c
h
us
in
g
a
N
e
o
6
M
V
2
U
B
L
O
X
G
P
S
m
odul
e
a
nd
th
e
e
nha
nc
e
d
S
hoc
kB
ur
s
t
pr
ot
oc
ol
w
it
h
a
n
N
R
F
24
L
01
pl
us
P
A
L
N
A
m
odul
e
pr
ovi
de
d
tr
a
c
ki
ng
w
it
hout
r
e
ly
in
g
o
n
Wi
-
F
i
or
G
S
M
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
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a
nd
s
e
r
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s
a
s
a
n
a
lt
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r
na
ti
ve
ne
tw
or
k
in
c
ons
tr
a
in
e
d
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
[
29]
.
A
pr
ot
ot
ype
f
or
obj
e
c
t
tr
a
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ki
ng
th
a
t
pr
ovi
de
s
lo
c
a
ti
on
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
or
bot
h
s
ta
ti
ona
r
y
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nd
m
ovi
ng
it
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m
s
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in
c
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a
nd ve
hi
c
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s
, de
m
on
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tr
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te
s
pot
e
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l
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ic
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ti
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i
n t
r
a
ns
por
ta
ti
on a
nd s
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it
y
[
30]
.
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l
jo
ur
na
ls
to
a
c
c
r
e
di
te
d
na
ti
ona
l
jo
ur
na
ls
,
th
e
a
ut
hor
s
f
ound
no
r
e
por
ts
on
G
P
S
r
e
s
pons
e
ti
m
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
f
r
om
de
vi
c
e
pow
e
r
on
to
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
r
e
a
di
ne
s
s
, a
nd
no
c
om
pa
r
is
on
s
be
tw
e
e
n
G
P
S
tr
a
c
ki
ng
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
G
oogl
e
M
a
ps
tr
a
c
ki
ng
a
s
a
pr
oxy
f
or
r
e
a
l
w
or
ld
tr
a
ve
l
ti
m
e
on
r
oa
ds
.
T
hi
s
s
tu
dy
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
s
th
os
e
ga
ps
by
m
e
a
s
ur
in
g
in
it
ia
l
G
P
S
r
e
s
pons
e
ti
m
e
,
c
om
pa
r
in
g
G
P
S
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
ga
in
s
t
G
oogl
e
M
a
ps
,
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
g
m
a
ny
G
P
S
c
oor
di
na
te
s
s
im
ul
ta
ne
ous
ly
w
it
hi
n
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on,
a
nd
s
e
ndi
ng
G
P
S
c
oor
di
na
te
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
to
T
e
le
gr
a
m
upon
r
e
que
s
t.
C
ol
le
c
ti
ve
ly
,
th
e
s
e
e
le
m
e
nt
s
c
ons
ti
tu
te
t
he
nove
lt
y a
nd c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
n of
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
n r
e
la
ti
on t
o pr
io
r
w
or
k.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
e
xpl
a
in
th
e
m
e
th
od
of
th
e
I
oT
b
a
s
e
d
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
tr
a
c
ki
ng
s
ys
te
m
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
tr
a
c
ki
ng
s
ys
te
m
s
us
in
g
G
P
S
m
odul
e
s
a
nd
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
s
,
th
e
a
ut
hor
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
it
in
th
e
f
or
m
of
a
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
two
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
ts
th
a
t
c
a
n
de
s
c
r
ib
e
th
e
m
e
th
od
of
th
e
s
ys
te
m
unde
r
s
tu
dy.
F
ig
ur
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
s
e
ndi
ng
lo
c
a
ti
on
da
ta
to
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
.
T
he
G
P
S
m
odul
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
f
or
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
s
by
ut
il
iz
in
g
s
ig
na
ls
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
f
r
om
s
a
te
ll
it
e
s
,
th
e
n
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
obt
a
i
ne
d
w
il
l
be
ve
r
if
ie
d
f
ir
s
t
w
he
th
e
r
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
is
va
li
d
or
not
.
W
he
n
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
is
va
li
d,
th
e
N
od
e
M
C
U
w
il
l
s
e
nd
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
to
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
a
nd
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
w
il
l
pr
ovi
de
th
e
la
s
t
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
to
be
f
or
w
a
r
de
d t
o t
he
us
e
r
. T
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
r
e
tr
ie
vi
ng da
ta
t
o t
he
s
e
r
v
e
r
by t
he
us
e
r
c
a
n be
s
e
e
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
2.
St
a
r
t
G
e
t
t
h
e
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
e
p
o
in
t
fr
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
t
e
llit
e
V
a
lid
lo
c
a
t
io
n
S
e
n
d
lo
c
a
t
io
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
e
r
Dis
p
l
a
y
lo
c
a
t
io
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
e
r
E
n
d
Y
e
s
No
St
a
r
t
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
d
a
t
a
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
e
r
s
e
r
v
e
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
s
e
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
t
o
u
s
e
r
L
o
c
a
t
io
n
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
e
s
E
n
d
Y
e
s
No
F
ig
ur
e
1. F
lo
w
c
ha
r
t
of
s
e
ndi
ng l
oc
a
ti
on da
ta
F
ig
ur
e
2. D
a
ta
r
e
tr
ie
va
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
r
om
t
he
s
e
r
ve
r
F
ig
ur
e
2 i
ll
us
tr
a
te
s
t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
r
e
tr
ie
vi
ng da
ta
f
r
om
t
he
s
e
r
ve
r
. T
he
us
e
r
w
il
l
s
e
nd a
da
ta
r
e
que
s
t
to
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
a
nd
w
he
n
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
a
da
ta
r
e
que
s
t
f
r
om
th
e
us
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
r
ve
r
w
il
l
di
s
pl
a
y
th
e
la
s
t
lo
c
a
ti
on
c
oor
di
na
te
da
ta
s
e
nt
by t
he
N
ode
M
C
U
. A
f
te
r
m
a
ki
ng a
s
ys
t
e
m
w
or
k de
s
ig
n, t
he
ne
xt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
m
a
ke
s
a
n I
oT
s
ys
te
m
de
s
ig
n.
T
h
e
I
oT
s
y
s
te
m
de
s
ig
n
is
a
de
r
iv
a
ti
ve
in
th
e
f
or
m
of
te
c
hni
c
a
l
s
ys
t
e
m
w
or
k
a
nd
de
vi
c
e
f
or
m
.
T
hi
s
de
s
ig
n c
a
n be
s
e
e
n a
s
i
n F
ig
ur
e
3.
F
ig
ur
e
3
is
th
e
de
s
ig
n
s
c
he
m
e
of
th
e
G
P
S
de
vi
c
e
th
a
t
w
il
l
be
m
a
de
in
th
is
s
tu
dy.
T
he
de
vi
c
e
w
il
l
la
te
r
be
pl
a
c
e
d
on
a
n
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
c
a
n
b
e
m
oni
to
r
e
d
a
t
it
s
la
s
t
lo
c
a
ti
on
poi
nt
.
T
he
de
vi
c
e
u
s
e
s
t
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g de
vi
c
e
s
:
‒
N
ode
M
C
U
E
S
P
8266,
a
s
th
e
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
of
a
ll
c
onne
c
te
d
de
vi
c
e
s
.
T
he
N
od
e
M
C
U
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
is
th
e
m
a
in
pa
r
t
th
a
t
f
unc
ti
ons
to
c
ont
r
ol
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
s
ys
te
m
.
N
ode
M
C
U
is
a
n
ope
ns
our
c
e
I
oT
m
odul
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
.
C
ons
is
ts
of
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
in
th
e
f
or
m
of
th
e
E
S
P
8266
S
ys
te
m
on
C
hi
p
f
r
om
th
e
E
S
P
s
e
r
ie
s
m
a
de
by
E
s
pr
e
s
s
if
S
ys
te
m
s
.
N
ode
M
C
U
a
l
s
o
ha
s
a
Wi
-
Fi
de
vi
c
e
s
o
th
a
t
it
c
a
n
c
onne
c
t
to
th
e
in
te
r
ne
t.
I
n
th
is
c
a
s
e
th
e
Wi
-
Fi
node
s
e
nds
s
ig
n
a
ls
t
o t
he
hos
ti
ng s
e
r
ve
r
a
nd t
he
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
A
pi
bot
.
‒
G
P
S
N
e
o 6M
, a
s
a
s
a
te
ll
it
e
s
ig
n
a
l
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
.
‒
P
or
ta
bl
e
Wi
-
Fi
, a
s
a
pr
ovi
de
r
of
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
ne
e
ds
t
o N
ode
M
C
U
.
‒
R
e
d 5
m
m
F
3 L
E
D
l
ig
ht
, a
s
a
n i
ndi
c
a
to
r
c
onne
c
te
d t
o
Wi
-
Fi
.
‒
Y
e
ll
ow
5
m
m
F
3 L
E
D
, a
s
a
n i
ndi
c
a
to
r
t
ha
t
it
i
s
c
onne
c
te
d t
o t
h
e
s
a
te
ll
it
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
A
m
bul
anc
e
t
r
ac
k
in
g s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g G
P
S m
odul
e
and I
oT
bas
e
d
te
le
gr
am
m
e
s
s
e
ng
e
r
t
o f
in
d
…
(
R
iz
al
ul
A
k
r
am
)
1325
‒
H
os
ti
ng,
a
s
a
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
in
te
r
m
e
di
a
r
y
be
twe
e
n
N
ode
M
C
U
a
nd
th
e
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
F
ir
e
B
ot
s
e
r
ve
r
.
‒
A
ndr
oi
d
A
pp,
th
r
ough
a
n
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
it
h
th
e
na
m
e
“
A
m
bul
a
nc
e
”
.
I
t
is
a
vi
s
ua
l
c
ont
a
in
e
r
to
s
e
e
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on of
t
he
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
a
nd i
ts
m
ove
m
e
nt
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
to
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
th
is
s
ys
t
e
m
is
a
ls
o
d
e
s
ig
ne
d
w
it
h
s
of
tw
a
r
e
f
or
th
e
c
ont
r
ol
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
A
ndr
oi
d
-
ba
s
e
d
s
of
twa
r
e
th
a
t
w
il
l
be
bui
lt
w
it
h
a
ndr
o
id
s
tu
di
o
p
r
ogr
a
m
m
in
g.
T
r
a
c
ki
ng
da
ta
by
G
P
S
w
il
l
a
ppe
a
r
on
th
e
a
ndr
oi
d
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
it
h
th
e
na
m
e
of
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
A
m
bul
a
nc
e
w
it
h
da
t
a
in
th
e
f
or
m
of
a
r
oa
d
m
a
p
a
nd
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
l
oc
a
ti
on. I
n a
ddi
ti
on, t
hi
s
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
a
ls
o d
e
s
ig
ne
d t
o
pr
ovi
de
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on t
o T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
.
N
e
xt
i
s
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
of
m
a
k
in
g
t
h
e
de
vi
c
e
.
T
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
of
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
d
e
vi
c
e
i
s
don
e
by
c
onn
e
c
ti
ng
e
a
c
h
c
om
po
ne
nt
u
s
i
ng j
um
pe
r
c
a
bl
e
s
t
o
th
e
E
S
P
8
26
6 M
C
U
m
o
du
le
t
o
t
he
N
e
o 6
M
G
P
S
m
odu
le
, i
n
di
c
a
to
r
li
g
ht
s
,
a
n
d
por
t
a
b
le
W
i
-
F
i
d
e
vi
c
e
s
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
t
he
N
o
de
M
C
U
i
s
s
yn
c
hr
o
ni
z
e
d
w
i
th
h
o
s
ti
ng
s
o
th
a
t
t
he
I
o
T
pr
o
c
e
s
s
c
a
n
r
un
o
n
t
he
d
a
t
a
f
l
ow
to
M
a
p
s
a
n
d
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
ng
e
r
.
T
he
d
e
v
ic
e
m
a
d
e
a
s
m
a
ny
a
s
3
u
ni
t
s
,
e
a
c
h
uni
t
w
il
l
be
pl
a
c
e
d
on
3
a
m
b
ul
a
n
c
e
m
o
to
r
c
y
c
l
e
s
,
a
s
s
ho
w
n
in
F
i
gur
e
4.
E
a
c
h
uni
t
i
s
n
a
m
e
d a
m
bu
la
nc
e
1
(
G
P
S
1)
a
s
s
ho
w
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
4(
a
)
,
a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
2
(
G
P
S
2)
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n F
ig
u
r
e
4(
b
)
,
a
n
d
a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
3
(
G
P
S
3)
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n F
ig
u
r
e
4(
c
)
.
F
ig
ur
e
3. S
c
he
m
a
ti
c
de
s
ig
n of
G
P
S
de
vi
c
e
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
F
ig
ur
e
4
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
of
m
a
ki
ng 3 de
vi
c
e
uni
ts
of
(
a
)
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
1
(
G
P
S
1)
,
(
b
)
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
2
(
G
P
S
2)
,
a
nd (
c
)
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
3
(
G
P
S
3)
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
T
he
d
e
vi
c
e
th
a
t
ha
s
be
e
n
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d
a
nd
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
d
w
it
h
A
r
d
ui
no
pr
ogr
a
m
m
in
g
id
e
a
s
c
a
n
pr
ovi
de
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
on
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
of
th
e
hos
pi
ta
l
a
nd
th
e
th
r
e
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
,
in
a
ddi
ti
on
to
de
ta
il
e
d
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
on
th
e
c
oor
di
na
te
s
of
e
a
c
h a
m
bul
a
nc
e
c
a
n a
ls
o be
don
e
vi
a
T
e
le
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
. T
hi
s
A
ndr
oi
d
-
ba
s
e
d a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
it
s
e
lf
is
bui
lt
w
it
h
th
e
r
e
a
c
t
na
ti
ve
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
.
T
he
s
e
th
r
e
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
m
ovi
ng
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
poi
nt
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
th
e
m
ove
m
e
nt
of
th
e
G
P
S
de
vi
c
e
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
r
i
e
d.
D
e
la
y
of
de
vi
c
e
m
ove
m
e
nt
w
it
h
m
a
p
s
is
1
-
2
s
e
c
onds
.
T
hi
s
c
ondi
ti
on
w
il
l
c
ont
in
ue
unt
il
th
e
G
P
S
de
vi
c
e
is
tu
r
ne
d
of
f
o
r
th
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
ha
s
a
r
r
iv
e
d
a
t
th
e
de
s
ti
na
ti
on
hos
pi
ta
l.
T
hi
s
M
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
de
vi
c
e
w
he
n
w
or
ki
ng
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
a
s
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
W
he
r
e
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
5
(
a
)
,
s
how
s
th
a
t
th
e
de
vi
c
e
is
c
onne
c
te
d
to
Wi
-
Fi
by
tu
r
ni
ng
on
th
e
r
e
d
in
di
c
a
to
r
li
ght
.
T
he
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
5
(
b
)
th
e
de
vi
c
e
is
c
onne
c
t
e
d
to
Wi
-
Fi
a
nd
G
P
S
w
i
th
r
e
d
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
in
di
c
a
to
r
li
ght
s
on.
T
he
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
in
di
c
a
to
r
li
ght
s
is
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
r
ie
d
out
to
de
t
e
r
m
in
e
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
th
e
de
vi
c
e
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
dy,
th
e
G
P
S
in
di
c
a
to
r
li
ght
w
il
l
tu
r
n
on
e
ve
r
y
5
s
e
c
onds
,
if
w
it
hi
n
5
s
e
c
ond
s
it
doe
s
not
tu
r
n
on,
it
m
e
a
ns
th
a
t
th
e
r
e
i
s
a
di
s
c
onne
c
ti
on w
it
h t
he
s
a
te
ll
it
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
4
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1322
-
1331
1326
A
f
te
r
th
e
de
vi
c
e
is
c
onne
c
te
d
to
Wi
-
Fi
a
nd
G
P
S
,
th
e
n
th
e
hos
pi
ta
l
poi
nt
s
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
of
th
e
th
r
e
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
a
t
onc
e
in
t
he
a
ndr
oi
d
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
th
a
t
ha
s
be
e
n
m
a
de
.
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
a
bl
e
to
a
ns
w
e
r
th
e
s
hor
tc
om
in
gs
of
pr
e
vi
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
w
he
r
e
th
e
G
P
S
lo
c
a
ti
on
poi
nt
c
a
nnot
be
de
te
c
te
d
a
t
on
c
e
f
r
om
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
G
P
S
,
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
di
s
pl
a
y
of
G
P
S
poi
nt
s
doe
s
not
a
ppe
a
r
a
ll
in
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on.
T
he
te
s
ti
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
m
ot
or
c
yc
le
r
ie
d
out
in
th
e
c
it
y
of
B
a
nda
A
c
e
h
in
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
2023
s
how
s
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
of
th
e
hos
pi
ta
l
on
th
e
r
oa
d
a
t
U
ju
ng
B
a
te
I
r
oa
d
w
it
h
c
oor
di
na
te
s
5.537953,
95.309577,
th
e
lo
c
a
ti
on
of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
1
on
U
ju
ng
B
a
te
I
r
oa
d
w
it
h
c
oor
di
na
te
s
5.539077,
95.310423,
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
2
on
C
e
m
p
r
oa
d
w
it
h
c
oor
di
na
te
s
5.550081,
95.310778,
a
nd
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
3
on
M
e
da
n
B
a
nda
A
c
e
h
R
oa
d
w
it
h
c
oor
di
na
te
s
5.553611,
95.295330
, a
s
s
how
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
6
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
5. S
ys
te
m
t
e
s
ti
ng
of
(
a
)
t
he
de
vi
c
e
i
s
c
onne
c
te
d t
o W
i
-
F
i
by t
ur
ni
ng on the
r
e
d i
ndi
c
a
to
r
l
ig
ht
a
nd
(
b)
th
e
de
vi
c
e
i
s
c
onn
e
c
te
d t
o W
i
-
F
i
a
nd G
P
S
w
it
h r
e
d a
nd ye
ll
ow
i
ndi
c
a
to
r
l
ig
ht
s
on
F
ig
ur
e
6. D
e
ta
il
e
d i
nf
o of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
a
nd hos
pi
ta
l
lo
c
a
ti
ons
(
3 a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
di
s
pl
a
y
e
d a
t
onc
e
)
F
ig
ur
e
7
di
s
pl
a
yi
ng
th
e
hos
pi
ta
l
poi
nt
,
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
,
a
nd
th
e
r
out
e
f
r
om
th
e
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
to
th
e
hos
pi
ta
l
poi
nt
.
T
he
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
ha
s
be
e
n
bui
lt
w
it
h
a
n
in
it
ia
l
di
s
pl
a
y
pr
ovi
di
ng
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
on
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
obj
e
c
t
da
ta
in
r
e
d,
a
nd
hos
pi
ta
ls
in
bl
a
c
k,
a
r
oa
d
m
a
p
a
nd
a
c
hoi
c
e
of
h
os
pi
ta
l
obj
e
c
ts
,
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
1,
a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
2,
a
nd
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
3
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
7(
a
)
.
T
he
a
dva
nt
a
ge
of
th
is
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
a
nd
w
ha
t
di
s
ti
ngui
s
he
s
it
f
r
om
ot
he
r
s
im
il
a
r
s
tu
di
e
s
is
th
a
t
a
ll
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
c
a
n
be
di
s
pl
a
ye
d
on
on
e
m
a
p
pa
ge
s
o
th
a
t
it
w
il
l
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
m
oni
to
r
in
g
of
a
ll
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
on
one
pa
ge
;
by
di
s
pl
a
yi
ng
a
ll
a
m
b
ul
a
nc
e
s
on
one
pa
ge
,
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
ut
il
iz
e
s
a
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
da
s
hboa
r
d
-
ba
s
e
d
u
s
e
r
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
(
U
I
)
.
T
hi
s
c
onc
e
pt
i
s
known
in
hum
a
n
c
om
put
e
r
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
(
H
C
I
)
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
u
s
e
r
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y
a
nd
r
e
du
c
e
c
ogni
ti
ve
lo
a
d.
T
he
us
e
of
ge
ogr
a
phi
c
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
(
G
I
S
)
-
ba
s
e
d
m
a
ps
a
ll
ow
s
lo
c
a
ti
on
da
ta
to
be
vi
s
ua
li
z
e
d
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
l
y
a
nd
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
,
w
hi
c
h
is
th
e
f
or
m
a
ti
on
o
f
m
ode
r
n
m
oni
to
r
in
g.
W
it
h
th
e
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
da
s
hboa
r
d,
us
e
r
s
c
a
n
qui
c
kl
y
m
a
ke
de
c
is
io
ns
b
a
s
e
d
on
da
ta
th
a
t
is
di
r
e
c
tl
y
vi
s
ib
le
in
one
pl
a
c
e
s
o
th
a
t
it
is
ve
r
y
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
in
ti
m
e
a
nd
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
by
de
te
r
m
in
in
g
th
e
c
hoi
c
e
of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
1,
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
w
il
l
s
how
a
r
oa
d
m
a
p
w
it
h
th
e
s
hor
te
s
t
r
out
e
.
D
e
te
r
m
in
a
ti
on
of
th
e
r
out
e
a
ls
o
de
te
r
m
in
e
s
th
e
di
s
ta
nc
e
a
nd
ti
m
e
w
hi
c
h
th
e
n
be
c
om
e
s
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
I
n
th
is
c
a
s
e
,
F
ig
ur
e
7(
b)
s
how
s
a
di
s
ta
nc
e
of
0.236 km wit
h a
dur
a
ti
on of
0.816 mi
nut
e
s
. F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
, a
m
bul
a
nc
e
2 i
n de
te
r
m
in
in
g t
he
f
a
s
te
s
t
r
out
e
ge
ts
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
on
th
e
di
s
ta
nc
e
of
3.07
km
w
it
h
a
dur
a
ti
on
of
7.96
m
in
ut
e
s
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
7(
c
)
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
, a
m
bul
a
nc
e
3 i
n de
te
r
m
in
in
g t
he
f
a
s
te
s
t
r
out
e
ge
ts
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on on the
di
s
ta
nc
e
of
4.228 km wit
h a
dur
a
ti
on of
8.96 mi
nut
e
s
a
s
s
how
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
7(
d)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
A
m
bul
anc
e
t
r
ac
k
in
g s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g G
P
S m
odul
e
and I
oT
bas
e
d
te
le
gr
am
m
e
s
s
e
ng
e
r
t
o f
in
d
…
(
R
iz
al
ul
A
k
r
am
)
1327
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d)
F
ig
ur
e
7. D
is
pl
a
yi
ng t
he
hos
pi
ta
l
poi
nt
, a
m
bul
a
nc
e
, a
nd t
he
r
out
e
f
r
om
t
he
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
t
o t
he
hos
pi
ta
l
poi
nt
of
(
a
)
i
ni
ti
a
l
m
a
p vi
e
w
s
how
in
g hos
pi
ta
ls
a
nd a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
s
, (
b)
r
out
e
of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
1, (
c
)
r
out
e
of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
2,
a
nd (
d)
r
out
e
of
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
3
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
to
di
s
ta
nc
e
a
nd
ti
m
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
th
is
s
ys
te
m
a
ls
o
s
how
s
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
c
oor
di
na
te
poi
nt
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
dur
in
g
th
e
f
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ig
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ur
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ur
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m
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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1328
F
ig
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8.
C
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is
on c
ha
r
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of
di
s
ta
nc
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a
nd t
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A
pa
r
t
f
r
om
us
in
g
th
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a
ppl
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th
e
a
m
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nc
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T
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gr
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m
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hi
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ti
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m
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a
m
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nc
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t
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gr
a
m
bot
s
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f
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c
om
m
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s
a
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gr
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s
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m
bot
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im
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on a
r
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s
how
n i
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9.
T
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2. C
om
m
a
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s
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s
to
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m
bul
a
nc
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a
m
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pl
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of
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nc
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p
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F
ig
ur
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9. S
im
ul
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on r
e
s
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ts
us
in
g
T
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le
gr
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m
bot
4.
C
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L
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N
T
he
s
y
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te
m
th
a
t
ha
s
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e
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lt
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a
n
di
s
pl
a
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3
(
th
r
e
e
)
G
P
S
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
s
a
t
onc
e
.
T
he
a
m
bul
a
n
c
e
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ove
m
e
nt
i
s
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te
c
te
d i
n r
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a
lt
im
e
i
n t
he
a
ndr
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d a
ppl
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ti
on w
it
h a
de
la
y of
1
-
2 s
e
c
onds
. A
ll
de
vi
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e
s
t
ha
t
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ig
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n
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t
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r
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'
O
n
'
(
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r
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f
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om
in
door
s
.
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G
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s
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te
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w
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im
m
e
di
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ly
ge
t
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te
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s
ig
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l
if
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s
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ts
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tu
r
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s
,
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ge
ts
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s
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ig
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it
w
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s
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r
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.
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ha
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s
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dva
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be
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nni
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w
hi
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h
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ke
s
2
-
3
m
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ut
e
s
.
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hi
s
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s
f
e
lt
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be
qui
te
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ng,
but
a
f
te
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ge
tt
in
g
a
r
e
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ti
ve
ly
s
ta
bl
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s
ig
na
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o
th
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t
it
c
a
n
w
or
k
in
r
ea
lt
im
e
w
it
h
a
s
m
a
ll
de
la
y.
F
r
om
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
s
on
3
a
m
bul
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nc
e
s
in
0
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600
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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A
m
bul
anc
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t
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in
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u
s
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odul
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s
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e
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t
o f
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…
(
R
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A
k
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)
1329
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C
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S
[
1]
Y
.
S
.
C
ha
ng,
S
.
J
.
J
o,
Y
.
-
T
.
L
e
e
,
a
nd
Y
.
L
e
e
,
“
P
opul
a
t
i
on
de
ns
i
t
y
or
popul
a
t
i
ons
s
i
z
e
.
w
hi
c
h
f
a
c
t
or
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
s
ur
ba
n
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
onge
s
t
i
on?
,”
Sus
t
ai
nabi
l
i
t
y
, vol
. 13, no. 8, A
pr
. 2021, doi
:
10.3390/
s
u13084280.
[
2]
G
.
S
.
S
a
nt
os
e
t
al
.
,
“
E
va
l
ua
t
i
on
of
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
i
n
O
s
l
o
r
e
gi
on
a
nd
i
t
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
i
r
qua
l
i
t
y
po
l
i
c
i
e
s
i
n
N
or
w
a
y,”
T
r
ans
por
t
P
ol
i
c
y
, vol
. 99, pp. 251
–
261, D
e
c
. 2020, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.t
r
a
npol
.2020.08.025.
[
3]
P
.
S
.
K
um
a
r
a
nd
V
.
B
.
S
.
S
. I
.
D
ut
t
,
“
T
he
gl
oba
l
pos
i
t
i
oni
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
:
popul
a
r
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
,
”
M
at
e
r
i
al
s
T
oday
:
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
,
vol
. 33, pp. 4797
–
4801, 2020, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.m
a
t
pr
.2020.08.380.
[
4]
L
.
C
ui
,
F
.
L
e
,
X
.
X
ue
,
T
.
S
un,
a
nd
Y
.
J
i
a
o,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
a
nd
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
of
a
n
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
r
obot
a
nd
i
t
s
na
vi
ga
t
i
on
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
A
gr
onom
y
, vol
. 14, no. 4, M
a
r
. 2024, doi
:
10.3390/
a
gr
onom
y14040654.
[
5]
M
.
W
.
S
a
r
i
,
B
.
S
a
nt
os
o,
a
nd
M
.
N
.
A
.
A
z
m
a
n,
“
I
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
i
ng
ge
o
pos
i
t
i
oni
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
f
or
c
hi
l
d
r
e
n
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
l
oc
a
t
i
on
m
oni
t
o
r
i
ng
ba
s
e
d on a
ndr
oi
d,”
Sc
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
J
ou
r
nal
of
I
nf
or
m
at
i
c
s
, vol
. 8, no. 1, pp. 161
–
167,
M
a
y 2021, doi
:
10.15294/
s
j
i
.v8i
1.27436.
[
6]
A
. T
ope
t
e
,
C
.
H
e
,
J
. P
r
o
t
z
ko,
J
. S
c
hoo
l
e
r
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
e
ga
r
t
y,
“
H
ow
i
s
G
P
S
us
e
d
?
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r
s
t
a
n
di
ng
na
v
i
ga
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
us
e
a
nd
i
t
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
on
t
o s
pa
t
i
a
l
a
bi
l
i
t
y
,”
C
ogn
i
t
i
v
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h:
P
r
i
nc
i
pl
e
s
and
I
m
pl
i
c
at
i
ons
, vo
l
. 9,
no.
1,
M
a
r
. 202
4, do
i
:
10.11
86/
s
412
35
-
024
-
00545
-
x.
[
7]
R
. A
kr
a
m
a
nd
L
.
F
i
t
r
i
a
, “
B
ui
l
d i
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ng ba
s
e
d
s
e
a
l
e
ve
l
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
on s
y
s
t
e
m
,”
J
our
nal
of
I
nf
or
m
at
i
c
s
and T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
, vol
. 4, no. 2, pp. 325
–
334, J
a
n. 2021, doi
:
10.31289/
j
i
t
e
.v4i
2.4447
.
[
8]
D
.
S
.
I
l
c
e
v,
“
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r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
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o
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t
he
g
l
o
ba
l
na
v
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ga
t
i
on
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a
t
e
l
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t
e
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ys
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e
m
f
o
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m
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t
i
m
e
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pp
l
i
c
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t
i
ons
,”
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E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
un
i
c
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t
i
on
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om
p
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i
ng
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l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
a
nd C
on
t
r
o
l
)
,
vo
l
.
18
, n
o.
3,
p
p.
16
00
–
16
09,
J
un
.
202
0,
do
i
:
10
.12
92
8/
t
e
l
ko
m
n
i
ka
.v1
8i
3.1
56
40.
[
9]
H
.
I
s
ya
nt
o,
H
.
M
uc
ht
a
r
,
R
.
R
a
s
m
a
,
a
nd
A
.
R
.
D
i
na
t
a
,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
of
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
s
ys
t
e
m
de
vi
c
e
f
or
m
ot
or
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z
e
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ve
hi
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l
e
s
t
hr
ough
t
he
t
e
l
e
gr
a
m
m
e
s
s
e
nge
r
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
a
nd
upda
t
i
ng
G
P
S
l
oc
a
t
i
ons
on
s
m
a
r
t
phone
s
i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
w
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t
h
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
ve
hi
c
l
e
s
,”
J
ou
r
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
U
M
Y
, vol
. 6, no. 2, pp. 67
–
76, N
ov. 2022, doi
:
10.18196/
j
e
t
.v6i
2.16182.
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[
10]
A
.
B
a
ks
i
,
M
.
B
h
a
t
t
a
c
ha
r
j
e
e
,
S
.
G
ho
s
h,
S
.
K
.
B
i
s
hnu,
a
nd
A
.
C
ha
kr
a
bor
t
y,
“
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
ba
s
e
d
a
m
bul
a
nc
e
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
us
i
ng
G
P
S
a
nd
G
S
M
m
odul
e
s
,”
i
n
2020
4t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
,
M
at
e
r
i
al
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
&
N
ano
-
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, I
E
E
E
, O
c
t
. 2020, pp. 1
–
4
,
doi
:
10.1109
/
I
E
M
E
N
T
e
c
h51367.2020.9270120.
[
11]
D
.
R
oopa
,
D
.
S
r
i
ka
nt
h,
E
.
B
a
l
a
gur
u,
a
nd
K
.
K
.
D
.
G
a
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t
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a
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t
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m
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P
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E
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r
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G
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i
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d
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t
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a
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M
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U
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r
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.
R
.
T
i
dke
,
“
S
m
a
r
t
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
d
e
vi
c
e
,
”
N
e
ur
oQ
uant
ol
ogy
, vol
. 20, no. 13, pp. 3617
–
3621, 2022, doi
:
10.14704/
nq.202
2.20.13.N
Q
88443.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
E
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
Rizalul
Akram
is
a
lecturer
at
Samudra
University,
Aceh
Provin
ce,
Indonesia.
He
has
a
Bachelor
of
Engineering
degree
from
Malikussaleh
Universit
y
in
2010,
and
a
Master
of
Computer
from
the
Inform
atics
Engineering
Study
Program
of
Nort
h
Sumatra
University
in
2013.
Currently
,
he
is
a
permanent
lecturer
at
the
Informatics
S
tu
dy
P
rogram,
F
aculty
of
S
cience
and
T
echnology
.
He
is
actively
conducti
ng
research
and
co
mmunit
y
service
in
th
e
field
of
internet
of
thing
(IoT)
and
intelligent
systems.
In
addition,
he
is
also
active
in
writing
reference books. He can
be contacted
at
email:
rizalulak
ram@
unsam.ac.i
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
A
m
bul
anc
e
t
r
ac
k
in
g s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g G
P
S m
odul
e
and I
oT
bas
e
d
te
le
gr
am
m
e
s
s
e
ng
e
r
t
o f
in
d
…
(
R
iz
al
ul
A
k
r
am
)
1331
Novianda
pursued
a
master'
s
degree
(S2)
at
the
Bandung
Institute
of
Technology
(ITB)
from
2014
-
2016
in
the
Computational
Science
Study
Program,
Faculty
of
Mathematics
and
Natural
Sciences
(FMIPA
-
ITB).
After
graduating
from
ITB
in
2016,
then
on
March
1,
2017
,
h
e
began
working
at
Universitas
Samudra
(UNSAM)
as
a
per
manent
non
-
civil
servant
lecturer
in
the
Informatics
Engineering
Study
Program
until
now.
H
is
extensiv
e
experience
and
expertise
in
the
field
of
intelligent
systems
allows
him
to
becom
e
a
national
reference
in
the
field
of
intelligent
systems.
Currently,
he
is
active
as
an
i
n
formatics
lecturer
and
motorcycle
ries
out
T
ridharma
and
other
scientific
activities
both
wit
hin
Samudra
University
and outs
ide
the
u
niversity.
He can be contacted at email
: novianda_tif
@
unsam.ac.id
.
Teuku
Hadi
Wibowo
Atmaja
is
a
lecturer
at
Samudra
Uni
versity,
Aceh
Provinc
e,
Indone
sia.
He
earn
ed
a
bachelor'
s
degree
in
V
eterinary
E
du
cation
from
Syiah
Kuala
University
in
2009,
obtained
a
professional
degree
in
veterinary
medicine
in
2011
and
a
master'
s
degree
in
E
ducation
from
the
B
iology
Education
Study
Program
at
Syiah
Kuala
University
in
2016.
He
currently
serves
as
a
permanent
lecturer
in
the
Biology
Education
Study
Program
,
F
aculty
of
Teacher
Training
and
E
ducation
.
He
i
s
active
in
conducting
research
and
communit
y
servic
e
in
the
fields
of
Physiol
ogy
and
Ana
tomy.
In
addition,
he
is
also
active
in
writing
reference
books.
He
can
b
e
contacted
at
email:
teukuhadiwib
owoatmaja@unsam.ac.id
.
M.
Khairul
Anam
received
his
first
degree
in
from
Informatic
s
E
ngineering,
STMIK
AMIK
Riau
in
2014.
He
has
also
master’s
degree
fro
m
I
nformatics,
Islamic
University
of
Indonesia
in
2017.
He
is
also
currently
pursuing
doctor
al
studies
in
Information
of
T
echnology
at
Universi
ty
of
Putra
Indonesi
a
YPTK,
Padang,
Indo
nesia.
He
is
currently
an
i
nformatics
l
ecture and
r
esearcher in
Samudra
Universi
ty.
His m
ain re
search int
erests focu
s o
n
IT governance and
data science
. He can
be contacted
at email
: khairu
la
nam@
unsam.ac.i
d.
Banta
Cut
is
a
dedicated
faculty
member
at
the
Department
of
Mechanical
Engineering, Samudra University, since 2015
, bring
ing
a wealth o
f kn
owledge an
d experience.
His
academic
journey
began
with
a
Bachelor
of
Engineeri
ng
from
Ma
likuss
aleh
Universi
ty
in
2011.
He
furthered
their
expertise
by
obtaining
a
master
'
s
degree
in
Energy
Conversion
from
the
Sepuluh
Nopember
Institute
of
Technology
(ITS)
,
Suraba
ya
,
in
2014.
His
dedication
to
learning
continued
with
a
d
octoral
degree,
also
in
Energy
Convers
ion
,
completed
at
ITS'
s
Department
of
Mechanical
Engineering
FT
-
IRS
in
2023.
Beyon
d
teaching,
he
actively
contribu
tes
to
research
and
communi
ty
service,
focusing
on
energ
y
conversion
,
numerical
simulation,
and
the
internet
of
things
(IoT).
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
bantacut@
unsam.ac.id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.