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[
3]
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[
4]
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T
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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hn
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N:
2252
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8776
Se
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ibut
e
d
ge
ne
r
ati
on
…
(
Se
ong
-
C
he
ol
K
i
m
)
375
e
m
e
r
g
i
ng
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
po
we
r
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
l
a
r
ge
-
s
c
a
l
e
pe
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
G
uni
t
s
a
r
e
s
hif
t
i
ng
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
po
we
r
m
o
de
l
a
wa
y
f
r
o
m
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
G)
s
y
s
t
e
m
to
t
h
e
de
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
DG
s
a
r
e
e
n
c
o
ur
a
ge
d
to
ge
t
a
v
a
i
l
e
d
i
n
R
D
S
s
w
i
de
ly
.
T
h
e
o
pt
i
m
a
l
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
DG
uni
t
s
c
a
n
i
m
pa
c
t
v
a
r
i
o
us
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
a
l
.
Opt
i
m
a
l
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
DG
uni
t
s
h
a
s
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
s
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
r
e
duc
e
d
li
ne
l
o
s
s
e
s
,
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
b
u
s
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
,
a
n
d
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
[
5]
.
T
h
e
a
ll
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
DG
s
i
s
m
o
r
e
a
ppr
o
v
e
d
f
o
r
f
o
r
e
m
o
s
t
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
i
nc
e
po
l
l
ut
i
o
n
-
f
r
e
e
gr
e
e
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
is
t
h
e
o
nl
y
f
ut
ur
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
a
r
t
h
.
T
h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
i
n
c
l
ude
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
ni
ng
t
h
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
dur
i
n
g
pe
a
k
de
m
a
n
d
pe
r
i
o
ds
,
r
e
duc
e
d
c
o
s
t
s
f
o
r
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
[
6]
.
T
h
e
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
a
l
be
n
e
f
i
t
s
i
n
c
l
ude
t
h
e
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
gr
e
e
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
w
i
ll
r
e
duc
e
t
h
e
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
c
a
r
b
o
n
w
hi
c
h
w
i
ll
r
e
du
c
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
h
a
z
a
r
d
s
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
tt
e
m
pt
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d
v
a
r
i
o
us
c
o
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ve
n
t
i
o
na
l
a
n
d
m
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t
a
-
h
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s
t
i
c
-
ba
s
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d
a
ppr
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a
c
h
e
s
t
o
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c
hi
e
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
p
l
a
nni
ng
o
f
DG
u
ni
t
s
[
7]
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
m
e
t
a
-
h
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
he
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
f
o
r
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
p
l
a
nni
ng
o
f
DG
s
a
n
d
C
B
s
f
o
r
ge
tt
i
n
g
o
pt
i
m
a
l
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
An
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
c
oo
r
di
n
a
t
e
d
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
r
e
a
l
a
n
d
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
po
we
r
s
o
ur
c
e
s
i
s
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
i
n
[
8]
f
o
r
r
a
di
a
l
a
n
d
m
e
s
he
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
A
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
i
r
e
f
ly
a
n
d
b
a
c
kt
r
a
c
k
i
ng
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
f
o
r
s
o
l
vi
n
g
t
h
e
a
ll
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
DG
s
a
n
d
f
i
xe
d
C
B
s
to
r
e
duc
e
l
o
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
VP
e
nh
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
R
DS
i
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
n
[
9]
.
S
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
DG
uni
t
s
a
n
d
C
B
s
i
n
R
DSs
w
i
t
h
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
m
o
de
l
s
i
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
[
10]
.
T
h
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
ve
o
f
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
i
s
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
gr
i
d
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
by
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
.
2.
M
ODE
L
I
NG
OF
CA
P
AC
I
T
OR
B
AN
K
AND
D
I
S
T
RI
B
UT
E
D
GE
N
E
RA
T
I
ON
DN
s
pr
o
vi
de
a
r
e
l
i
a
bl
e
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
,
a
n
d
e
nvi
r
o
nmen
t
a
l
ly
f
r
i
e
n
d
ly
po
we
r
s
upp
ly
t
o
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
w
hil
e
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
i
ng
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
na
l
a
n
d
ge
o
gr
a
phi
c
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
.
I
n
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
,
a
di
r
e
c
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
us
e
d
to
s
o
l
ve
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
f
l
o
w
(
L
F
)
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
d
i
a
l
a
n
d
we
e
k
ly
m
e
s
h
e
d
DN
s
a
n
d
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
wa
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
by
T
e
n
g
[
11]
.
F
i
gur
e
1
de
p
i
c
t
s
a
n
R
DS
w
i
t
h
a
C
B
a
n
d
a
DG
uni
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
R
DS
wi
t
h
C
B
a
n
d
DG
uni
t
L
F
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
i
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k
us
e
s
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
li
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
B
I
B
C
a
n
d
B
C
B
V
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
.
T
h
e
de
ve
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
pr
o
c
e
dur
e
o
f
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
b
e
l
o
w:
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
po
we
r
a
t
b
us
i
(
)
c
a
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
s
[
12]
,
=
+
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
(
1)
t
h
e
c
ur
r
e
n
t
i
nj
e
c
t
e
d
a
t
b
us
i
n
ℎ
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
be
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
,
=
+
−
1
=
2
,
3
,
…
,
(
2)
t
h
e
B
I
B
C
m
a
t
r
i
x
i
s
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
by
us
i
ng
t
h
e
b
r
a
n
c
h
c
ur
r
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n
t
(
ℎ
)
a
n
d
i
t
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s
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x
pr
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s
s
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d
by
[
13]
,
[
ℎ
]
=
[
]
[
]
(
3)
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
hi
p
b
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we
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n
n
o
de
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
a
n
d
ℎ
c
a
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b
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pr
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t
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d
by
,
[
∆
]
=
[
]
[
ℎ
]
(
4)
h
e
r
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t
h
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r
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c
e
i
vi
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e
n
d
v
o
l
t
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ge
a
t
(
+
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)
ℎ
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s
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v
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n
by
,
[
]
+
1
=
[
]
0
+
[
∆
]
+
1
(
5)
b
y
s
u
b
s
t
i
t
ut
i
n
g
(
3)
i
n
(
4)
,
we
c
a
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
but
i
o
n
l
o
a
d
m
a
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r
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x
(
DL
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a
n
d
i
t
c
a
n
b
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x
pr
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s
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d
by
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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S
N
:
2252
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I
n
t
J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
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h
20
2
6
:
374
-
38
3
376
[
∆
]
=
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
6)
[
∆
]
=
[
]
[
]
(
7)
w
h
e
r
e
[
]
=
[
]
[
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ge
n
c
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
f
o
r
t
hi
s
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
r
e
c
e
i
vi
ng
e
n
d
v
o
l
t
a
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s
i
s
g
i
ve
n
by
[
14]
,
[
|
|
−
|
−
1
|
]
<
∈
(
8)
w
h
e
r
e
∈
i
s
t
h
e
to
l
e
r
a
nc
e
v
a
l
u
e
.
T
h
e
tot
a
l
po
we
r
de
m
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
i
ns
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
DG
uni
t
s
(
)
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
by
,
=
−
(
9)
t
h
e
n
e
t
r
e
a
c
t
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v
e
po
we
r
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
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n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
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o
f
C
B
a
t
b
us
n
(
)
i
s
g
i
ve
n
by
,
=
−
(
10)
3.
P
ROB
L
E
M
F
ORM
UL
AT
I
ON
O
p
ti
m
a
l
a
l
l
oc
a
t
i
on
p
r
ob
l
e
m
of
D
G
s
i
n
R
D
S
i
s
a
M
I
N
L
P
a
s
s
i
z
e
of
D
G
c
a
n
b
e
d
i
s
c
r
e
te
or
c
on
ti
n
u
ou
s
i
n
r
a
n
g
e
wh
e
r
e
a
s
D
G
l
oc
a
t
i
on
i
s
di
s
c
r
e
te
i
n
n
a
tu
r
e
[
1
5
]
.
C
B
A
h
e
l
p
s
wi
t
h
p
ow
e
r
f
l
ow
c
on
tr
ol
,
P
F
c
or
r
e
c
ti
on
,
v
ol
ta
g
e
s
ta
b
i
l
i
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t,
m
i
ni
m
um
l
o
s
s
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
ov
e
d
V
P
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
3
ob
j
e
c
ti
v
e
s
a
r
e
f
or
m
ul
a
te
d
a
s
b
e
l
o
w
.
3.
1.
L
os
s
m
in
im
i
z
at
ion
(
)
T
h
e
R
DS
h
a
s
hi
g
h
e
r
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
e
s
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
n
e
t
wor
k
due
to
hi
g
h
e
r
R
/X
r
a
t
i
o
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
t
h
e
r
a
di
a
l
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
o
f
ne
t
wor
k
[
16]
.
T
h
e
s
e
l
o
s
s
e
s
a
r
e
g
i
v
e
n
by
,
=
(
2
+
2
|
|
2
)
(
11)
=
(
2
+
2
|
|
2
)
(
12)
t
hi
s
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
1
)
,
i
.
e
.
,
tot
a
l
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
[
17]
,
1
=
∑
,
=
1
(
13)
3.
2.
Vol
t
age
d
e
viat
ion
m
in
im
iz
at
ion
(
)
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
i
.
e
.
,
VD
m
i
nim
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
2
)
h
e
l
p
s
to
m
i
nim
i
z
e
t
h
e
de
vi
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
whi
c
h
i
n
t
ur
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
i
n
t
h
e
R
DS
[
18]
.
T
hi
s
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
(
14)
.
2
=
∑
|
−
|
=
1
(
14)
3.
3.
Over
all
vol
t
age
s
t
ab
il
it
y
in
d
e
x
(
OVS
I
)
T
h
e
VSI
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
h
o
w
v
u
l
ne
r
a
bl
e
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
t
h
e
R
DS
i
s
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
t
a
bi
li
t
y
[
19
]
,
[
20
]
.
VSI
a
t
a
ny
n
o
de
i
n
t
h
e
R
DS
i
s
g
i
ve
n
by
,
=
|
4
|
−
4
(
−
)
2
−
4
(
−
)
|
|
2
(
15)
t
h
e
t
hi
r
d
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
i
.
e
.
,
t
h
e
m
i
n
im
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
OV
S
I
(
3
)
c
a
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
s
(
16)
.
3
=
=
∑
=
2
(
16)
3.
4.
F
or
m
u
l
at
ion
of
au
gm
e
n
t
e
d
ob
j
e
c
t
ive
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
I
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k,
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
ve
s
(
i
.
e
.
,
1
,
2
,
a
n
d
3
)
a
r
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
a
n
a
ug
m
e
n
t
e
d/s
i
n
g
le
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
(
)
by
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
we
i
g
h
t
e
d
s
u
m
o
f
i
n
d
i
v
idua
l
t
h
r
e
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
[
21]
.
T
h
e
a
ugm
e
n
t
e
d
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
)
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
,
=
[
1
1
+
2
2
+
3
(
1
3
⁄
)
]
(
17)
w
h
e
r
e
1
,
2
a
n
d
3
a
r
e
we
i
g
h
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
1
+
2
+
3
=
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8776
Se
lf
-
adapt
ive
f
ir
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f
ly
algor
it
hm
-
bas
e
d
c
apac
it
or
ba
nk
s
and
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
ge
ne
r
ati
on
…
(
Se
ong
-
C
he
ol
K
i
m
)
377
3.
5.
Cons
t
r
ain
t
s
T
h
e
a
b
o
ve
-
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
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d
o
bj
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c
t
i
v
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f
u
n
c
t
i
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c
a
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p
t
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mi
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a
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d
s
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c
t
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d
to
v
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r
i
o
us
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
f
o
r
s
e
c
ur
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
R
DS.
3.
5.
1.
P
owe
r
b
al
an
c
e
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
T
hi
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
i
s
s
t
a
t
e
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
ws
:
+
+
∑
,
=
∑
,
+
=
1
=
1
(
18)
+
=
∑
,
+
+
∑
=
1
=
1
(
19)
3.
5.
2.
DG
l
oc
at
ion
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
s
T
hi
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
,
≤
≤
(
20)
w
h
e
r
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
l
o
we
r
a
n
d
uppe
r
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
li
mi
t
s
o
f
DG
uni
t
s
.
3.
5.
3.
DG
p
owe
r
l
i
m
it
s
T
h
e
po
we
r
o
u
t
pu
t
f
r
o
m
DG
(
a
n
d
)
uni
t
s
a
r
e
l
i
mi
t
e
d
by
,
,
≤
,
≤
,
(
21)
,
≤
,
≤
,
(
22)
3.
5.
4.
DG
p
owe
r
f
ac
t
o
r
(
P
F
)
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
T
hi
s
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
i
s
r
e
qu
i
r
e
d
t
o
r
e
duc
e
l
o
s
s
e
s
i
n
R
DS
a
n
d
t
hi
s
o
pe
r
a
t
i
n
g
P
F
o
f
DG
s
i
s
g
i
ve
n
by
,
0
.
8
≤
≤
1
(
23)
3.
5.
5.
Cons
t
r
ain
t
on
r
e
ac
t
ive
p
owe
r
d
e
m
an
d
(
)
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
po
we
r
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
C
B
s
(
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
tot
a
l
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
de
m
a
n
d
i
n
R
DS
(
)
,
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
[
22]
,
<
(
24)
3.
5.
6.
Vol
t
age
Cons
t
r
ain
t
T
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
t
b
us
k
(
)
m
us
t
b
e
w
i
t
hi
n
t
he
a
l
l
o
we
d
l
o
we
r
(
)
a
n
d
uppe
r
(
)
v
a
l
ue
s
.
≤
≤
(
25)
3.
5.
7.
VSI
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
F
o
r
s
t
a
bl
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
VSI
i
s
l
im
i
t
e
d
by
,
≥
0
i
=
2
,
3
,
…
,
(
26)
3.
5.
8.
Cur
r
e
n
t
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
C
ur
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
i
ng
t
h
r
o
ugh
a
ny
b
r
a
n
c
h
‘
m
n’
i
n
t
h
e
R
DS
i
s
l
im
i
t
e
d
by
,
<
(
27)
3.
5.
9.
Radi
al
it
y
c
on
s
t
r
ain
t
T
o
c
h
e
c
k
t
h
e
r
a
d
i
a
l
na
t
ur
e
o
f
t
h
e
DN
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k,
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
by
u
s
i
ng,
+
=
−
1
(
28)
w
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
t
i
e
-
l
i
ne
s
i
n
R
DS.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8776
I
n
t
J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
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o.
1
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a
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
374
-
38
3
378
4.
S
E
L
F
-
AD
A
P
T
I
V
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F
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R
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F
L
Y
AL
GO
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T
HM
(
S
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h
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f
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a
l
go
r
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t
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s
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v
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o
na
r
y
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b
a
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t
h
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b
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h
a
vi
o
r
o
f
f
i
r
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f
l
i
e
s
[
23]
.
T
o
e
n
h
a
nc
e
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
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o
f
t
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or
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,
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t
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pr
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a
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f
-
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a
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(
S
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)
o
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t
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whi
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p
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a
t
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d
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p
l
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a
t
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o
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p
t
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t
h
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a
r
c
h
pr
o
c
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s
s
o
f
f
i
r
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f
li
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s
[
24]
.
R
e
a
de
r
s
m
a
y
r
e
f
e
r
to
[
25
]
-
[
27
]
f
o
r
de
t
a
i
l
e
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
AFA
.
T
h
e
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
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pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
pl
a
nni
ng
m
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do
l
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y
us
i
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S
AFA
i
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
2.
Va
r
i
o
us
s
t
e
ps
i
nv
o
l
ve
d
i
n
s
o
l
vi
ng
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
pl
a
nni
ng
pr
o
bl
e
m
by
us
i
ng
t
h
e
S
AFA
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
b
e
l
o
w:
S
t
e
p
1:
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
i
ni
t
i
a
l
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
i
r
e
f
li
e
s
(
X)
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
i
ng
t
h
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
a
n
d
m
a
xi
m
u
m
b
o
un
ds
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
.
=
[
1
1
,
⋮
1
,
2
1
,
⋯
,
1
⋮
⋱
⋮
2
,
⋯
,
]
(
29)
S
t
e
p
2:
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
e
ns
i
t
y
(
f
i
t
n
e
s
s
)
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
i
n
d
i
v
i
dua
l
f
i
r
e
f
ly
,
i
.
e
.
,
=
[
1
,
2
,
…
,
]
.
S
t
e
p
3:
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
by
us
i
ng
be
s
t
v
a
l
ue
o
f
f
i
t
n
e
s
s
whi
c
h
i
s
t
h
e
hi
g
h
e
s
t
v
a
l
ue
l
igh
t
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
r
e
f
li
e
s
.
S
t
e
p
4:
upd
a
t
e
r
a
n
do
m
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
a
bs
o
r
pt
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
.
S
t
e
p
5:
e
a
c
h
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
pr
e
s
e
n
t
f
i
r
e
f
l
i
e
s
a
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
to
wa
r
d
b
r
i
g
h
t
e
r
o
n
e
.
S
t
e
p
6:
ap
pl
y
m
ut
a
t
i
o
n
o
pe
r
a
tor
to
t
h
e
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
to
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
a
n
e
w
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
t
e
p
7:
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ps
2
to
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t
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p
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pu
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RE
S
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AN
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CU
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n
t
hi
s
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pe
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33
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us
R
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d,
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t
hi
s
R
DS
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F
i
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3.
R
e
a
l
a
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d
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a
c
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po
we
r
l
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ds
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f
t
hi
s
R
DS
a
r
e
3
,
715
kW
a
n
d
2
,
300
kVA
r
[
28]
.
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h
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b
a
s
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v
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l
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f
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s
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m
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12.
3
kV
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n
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po
we
r
r
a
t
i
n
g
o
f
100
M
VA
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T
h
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m
a
xim
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m
s
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o
f
e
a
c
h
DG
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s
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s
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
2
,
000
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T
h
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m
a
xim
u
m
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r
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r
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5
s
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d
b
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w.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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f
&
C
o
m
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c
hn
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l
I
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N:
2252
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8776
Se
lf
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algor
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ba
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Se
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K
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379
F
i
gur
e
3
.
I
E
E
E
33
b
us
R
DS
5.
1.
Cas
e
1:
b
as
e
c
as
e
(
op
t
im
al
p
l
an
n
in
g
wit
h
ou
t
DGs
an
d
CB
s
)
As
i
t
i
s
a
b
a
s
e
c
a
s
e
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
pl
a
c
i
ng
t
h
e
DG
s
a
n
d
C
B
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
r
e
a
l
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
o
f
202.
67
k
W
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge
i
s
o
c
c
ur
r
e
d
i
s
0.
9131
p.
u.
a
t
b
us
18.
T
h
e
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
r
e
po
r
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
5.
2.
Cas
e
2:
op
t
im
al
p
l
an
n
in
g
wit
h
al
l
oc
at
ion
of
on
e
DG
He
r
e
,
t
h
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
pr
o
bl
e
m
i
s
s
o
l
ve
d
by
o
pt
i
m
a
ll
y
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
n
g
o
n
e
DG
uni
t
.
T
hi
s
pr
o
bl
e
m
i
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
by
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
-
h
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
-
b
a
s
e
d
S
AFA
a
n
d
i
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
i
ns
t
a
l
li
ng
t
h
e
DG
uni
t
a
t
b
us
8
wi
t
h
a
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
o
f
1
,
836.
4
kW
(
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1)
.
T
hi
s
ha
s
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
a
r
e
duc
e
d
po
we
r
o
f
106.
92
k
W
a
n
d
a
n
im
pr
o
v
e
d
VP
i
n
R
DS
w
i
t
h
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge
of
0.
9432
p.
u.
a
t
b
us
18.
T
hi
s
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
i
nc
ur
r
e
d
h
e
r
e
i
s
47.
24%
l
e
s
s
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
c
a
s
e
1.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
i
t
can
b
e
c
o
n
c
l
ud
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
t
h
a
t
by
in
s
t
a
l
li
ng
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
DG
s
,
t
h
e
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
c
o
u
l
d
be
r
e
duc
e
d
f
ur
t
h
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
n
t
hi
s
wo
r
k,
3
DG
uni
t
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
t
h
e
3
DG
uni
t
s
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
.
T
a
bl
e
1
.
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
f
o
r
c
a
s
e
s
1,
2
,
a
n
d
3
C
a
s
e
1
C
a
s
e
2
C
a
s
e
3
D
G
s
iz
e
i
n kW
(
bus
)
---
1
,
836.4(
8)
1
,
089.6(
13)
, 1
,
205.2(
23)
, 1
,
095.5
(
29)
T
ot
a
l
s
iz
e
of
D
G
s
(
in
kW
)
---
1
,
836.4
3390.3
M
in
im
um vo
lt
a
g
e
(
bus
)
0.9131 p.u. (
18)
0.9432p.u. (
18)
0.9681p.u. (
32)
A
c
ti
ve
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
(
in
kW
)
202.67
106.92
70.08
A
c
ti
ve
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
r
e
du
c
ti
o
n
(
in
%
)
---
47.24
65.24
5.
3.
Cas
e
3:
op
t
i
m
al
p
l
an
n
in
g
wit
h
t
h
e
al
l
oc
at
io
n
of
t
h
r
e
e
DGs
As
m
e
n
t
i
o
ne
d,
h
e
r
e
3
DG
s
a
r
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
ne
o
us
l
y
a
n
d
s
o
l
v
e
d
by
us
i
ng
t
h
e
S
A
F
A
a
n
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
T
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
DG
w
i
t
h
1
,
089.
6
kW
,
1
,
205
.
2
kW
,
a
nd
1
,
095.
5
kW
a
t
b
us
e
s
13,
23,
a
n
d
29,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
ly
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
tot
a
l
s
i
z
e
o
f
DG
s
i
s
339.
2
kW
.
T
hi
s
DG
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
s
a
r
e
duc
e
d
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
o
f
70.
08
kW
,
whi
c
h
i
s
65.
24%
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
c
a
s
e
1.
T
h
e
m
i
nim
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
ge
in
c
ur
r
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
3
i
s
0.
9681
p.
u
.
a
t
b
us
32.
5.
4.
Cas
e
4
:
op
t
im
al
p
l
an
n
in
g
wit
h
t
h
e
al
l
oc
at
io
n
of
t
h
r
e
e
CB
s
I
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
,
o
nl
y
3
C
B
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
DG
s
a
n
d
o
b
t
a
i
ne
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
a
bl
e
2.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
ng
o
p
t
i
m
u
m
C
B
v
a
l
ue
s
a
r
e
600
kV
A
r
,
450
kVA
r
,
a
n
d
1
,
000
kVA
r
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
ly
.
T
hi
s
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
s
r
e
duc
e
d
po
we
r
l
o
s
s
o
f
131.
24
kW
w
hi
c
h
i
s
35.
24%
l
e
s
s
e
r
t
h
a
n
c
a
s
e
1.
T
h
e
mi
nim
u
m
vo
l
t
a
ge
i
n
R
DS
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
3
C
B
s
i
s
0.
9526
p.
u
.
a
t
b
us
18.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8776
I
n
t
J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
374
-
38
3
380
T
a
bl
e
2
.
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
f
o
r
c
a
s
e
s
1,
4,
a
n
d
5
C
a
s
e
1
C
a
s
e
4
C
a
s
e
5
D
G
s
iz
e
i
n
kW
(
bus
)
---
---
1
,
089.2(
13)
, 1
,
080(
23)
, 1
,
050.6
(
29)
T
ot
a
l
s
iz
e
of
D
G
s
(
in
kW
)
---
---
3
,
219.8
C
B
s
iz
e
i
n kV
A
r
(
bus
)
600(
18)
, 450(
23)
, 1
,
000
(
30)
600(
18)
, 600(
23)
, 1
,
000
(
30)
M
in
im
um vo
lt
a
g
e
(
bus
)
0.9131
p.u.
(
18)
0.9526
p.u.
(
18)
0.9903
p.u.
(
25)
A
c
ti
ve
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
(
in
kW
)
202.67
131.24
27.92
A
c
ti
ve
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
r
e
du
c
ti
o
n
(
in
%
)
---
35.24
86.22
5.
5.
Cas
e
5:
op
t
im
al
p
l
an
n
in
g
wit
h
t
h
e
al
l
oc
at
io
n
of
t
h
r
e
e
CB
s
an
d
t
h
r
e
e
DG
u
n
it
s
I
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
,
3
C
B
s
a
n
d
3
DG
u
ni
t
s
a
r
e
i
ns
t
a
l
l
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
ly
a
n
d
a
ug
m
e
n
t
e
d
o
bj
e
c
t
i
ve
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
)
i
s
s
o
l
v
e
d
by
us
i
ng
S
AFA
.
He
r
e
t
h
e
3
DG
s
a
r
e
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
a
t
b
us
e
s
13,
23,
a
n
d
29
wi
t
h
c
a
pa
c
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
1
,
089.
2
kW
,
1
,
080
kW
,
a
n
d
1
,
050.
6
kW
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
ly
.
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263
43,
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pr
. 202
4, do
i:
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26343.
[
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.
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s
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o
.
1,
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a
n. 2020, do
i:
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ps
-
2019
-
0217.
[
3]
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,
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Soc
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,
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ul
.
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1
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i:
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.2017.8274447.
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e
ar
c
h
,
v
o
l.
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n
o
.
v
9i
1,
pp.
96
–
107,
2019,
do
i:
10.20508/i
jr
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r
.
v
9i
1.8581.g7567.
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5]
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ts
and Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, v
o
l.
07, n
o
. 11, pp.
3556
–
3564, 2016, do
i:
10.4236/
c
s
.2016.711302.
[
6]
C
.
V
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nka
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Sus
ta
in
abi
li
ty
,
vo
l.
13,
no
.
6,
p.
3308,
M
a
r
. 2021, do
i:
10.3390/s
u13063308.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
374
-
38
3
382
[
7]
S
.
O
ua
li
a
nd
A
.
C
h
e
r
ka
o
ui
,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
of
c
o
mb
in
e
d
r
e
n
e
w
a
bl
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
uni
ts
f
o
r
in
te
r
c
o
nn
e
c
ti
o
n
c
o
s
t
r
e
du
c
ti
o
n,”
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
a
nd
C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
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–
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ul
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[
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L
.
Z
ha
ng,
C
.
S
he
n,
Y
.
C
he
n,
S
.
H
ua
ng,
a
nd
W
.
T
a
ng,
“
C
oo
r
di
na
te
d
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
of
di
s
tr
i
but
e
d
g
e
ne
r
a
ti
o
n,
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
ba
nks
a
nd
s
of
t
o
p
e
n
po
in
ts
in
a
c
ti
ve
di
s
tr
ib
ut
i
o
n
ne
tw
o
r
ks
c
o
ns
id
e
r
in
g
di
s
pa
tc
hi
ng
r
e
s
ul
ts
,”
A
ppl
ie
d
E
ne
r
gy
,
v
o
l.
231,
pp.
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–
1131,
D
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018,
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n
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y
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[
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S
.
K
.
I
nj
e
ti
,
S
.
M
.
S
ha
r
e
e
f
,
a
nd
T
.
V
.
K
um
a
r
,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
of
D
G
s
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
ba
nks
in
r
a
di
a
l
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
y
s
t
e
ms
,”
D
is
tr
ib
ut
e
d G
e
ne
r
at
io
n &
A
lt
e
r
nat
iv
e
E
ne
r
gy
J
our
nal
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[
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M
.
A
li
lo
ua
,
M
.
F
a
r
s
a
di
a
,
a
nd
H
.
S
ha
y
e
ghi
b,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
oc
a
t
io
n
of
r
e
n
e
w
a
bl
e
D
G
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
f
or
im
pr
ov
in
g
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
a
nd
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
in
di
c
e
s
in
r
e
a
l
di
s
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
n
o
nl
in
e
a
r
l
o
a
d
mo
d
e
l,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
ne
r
gy
M
anage
m
e
nt
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
v
ol
.
2,
no
. 4, pp. 18
–
28, 2018, [
O
nl
in
e
]
. A
v
a
il
a
bl
e
:
ht
tp
:
//
w
w
w
.j
e
ma
t.
or
g/
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r
ti
c
le
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ml
.
[
1
1
]
J
.
H
.
T
e
n
g
,
“
A
d
i
r
e
c
t
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
d
i
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te
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lo
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lo
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t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
,
v
o
l
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1
8
,
p
.
8
8
2
,
2
0
03
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[
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L
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D
.
L
.
P
e
r
e
i
r
a
e
t
al
.
,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
of
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
or
ba
nks
us
in
g
pr
o
ba
bi
li
s
ti
c
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
m
ode
ls
w
it
h c
o
r
r
e
la
ti
o
ns
,”
A
ppl
ie
d
E
ne
r
gy
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l.
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e
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022, do
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[
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S
.
R
.
S
a
lk
ut
i,
“
N
e
two
r
k
r
e
c
o
n
f
ig
ur
a
ti
o
n
of
di
s
tr
ib
ut
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
ge
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n,
s
hunt
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
s
a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
ve
hi
c
l
e
c
ha
r
gi
ng s
ta
ti
o
ns
,”
i
n
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
i
n E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
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375.
[
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N
.
P
a
muk
a
nd
U
.
E
.
U
z
un,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
of
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
ge
n
e
r
a
ti
o
ns
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
ba
nks
in
di
s
tr
ib
ut
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
ms
us
in
g
a
r
it
hme
ti
c
o
pt
im
iz
a
ti
o
n a
lg
or
it
hm,”
A
ppl
ie
d Sc
ie
nc
e
s
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14, n
o
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a
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[
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G
.
V
.
N
.
L
a
ks
hmi
,
A
.
J
.
L
a
x
mi
,
V
.
V
e
e
r
a
ms
e
tt
y
,
a
nd
S
.
R
.
S
a
l
kut
i,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
pl
a
c
e
m
e
nt
of
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
ba
s
e
d
o
n
p
ow
e
r
qua
li
t
y
im
p
r
ove
me
n
t
us
in
g
s
e
l
f
-
a
da
pt
iv
e
lé
vy
f
li
ght
ja
y
a
a
lg
or
it
hm,”
C
le
an
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
vo
l.
4,
n
o
.
4,
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N
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l4
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[
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M
.
A
.
E
ls
e
i
f
y
,
S
.
K
a
m
e
l,
L
.
N
a
s
r
a
t,
a
nd
F
.
J
ur
a
do
,
“
M
ul
ti
-
obj
e
c
ti
ve
o
pt
im
a
l
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
of
mu
lt
ip
l
e
c
a
pa
c
it
o
r
s
a
nd
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
ge
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
c
o
ns
id
e
r
in
g
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
o
a
d
m
o
d
e
ls
us
in
g
L
ic
h
te
nbe
r
g
a
nd
th
e
r
ma
l
e
xc
ha
nge
o
p
ti
mi
z
a
ti
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,”
N
e
ur
al
C
om
put
in
g and A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
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o
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S
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R
.
S
a
lk
ut
i,
“
E
me
r
gi
ng
a
nd
a
dv
a
n
c
e
d
gr
e
e
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
gi
e
s
f
o
r
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
a
nd
r
e
s
il
i
e
nt
f
ut
ur
e
gr
id
,”
E
ne
r
gi
e
s
,
vo
l.
15,
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S
.
R
.
S
a
lk
ut
i,
“
O
pt
im
a
l
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
s
iz
in
g
of
s
hunt
c
a
pa
c
it
or
s
w
it
h
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
g
e
ne
r
a
ti
o
n
in
di
s
tr
ib
ut
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
ms
,”
E
C
T
I
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g,
E
le
c
tr
oni
c
s
,
and
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
ns
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v
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19,
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1,
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[
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K
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F
e
tt
a
h
e
t
al
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,
“
A
pa
r
e
to
s
tr
a
te
gy
ba
s
e
d
o
n
mul
ti
-
o
bj
e
c
ti
v
e
o
pt
im
a
l
in
te
gr
a
ti
o
n
o
f
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
ge
ne
r
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
c
o
mpe
ns
a
ti
o
n
de
v
ic
e
s
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
w
e
a
th
e
r
a
n
d l
o
a
d f
lu
c
tu
a
ti
o
ns
,”
Sc
i
e
nt
i
fi
c
R
e
po
r
t
s
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M
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M
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hma
di
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a
ni
s
h, M
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t
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y
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Y
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H
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n
g, a
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S
e
nj
y
u, “
M
ul
ti
-
o
b
je
c
ti
ve
t
im
e
-
v
a
r
ia
nt
o
pt
im
um a
ut
o
m
a
ti
c
a
nd
f
i
x
e
d
t
y
p
e
of
c
a
pa
c
it
or
ba
nk
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
c
o
ns
id
e
r
in
g
m
in
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
of
s
w
it
c
hi
ng
s
t
e
ps
,”
A
I
M
S
E
ne
r
gy
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A
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K
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M
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nt
y
,
P
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S
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B
a
bu,
a
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S
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R
.
S
a
lk
ut
i,
“
F
uz
z
y
-
ba
s
e
d
s
i
mul
ta
ne
o
us
o
pt
im
a
l
pl
a
c
e
me
nt
of
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
v
e
hi
c
l
e
c
ha
r
gi
ng
s
ta
ti
o
ns
,
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
ge
n
e
r
a
t
or
s
,
a
nd
D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
in
a
di
s
tr
ib
u
ti
on
s
y
s
t
e
m,”
E
ne
r
gi
e
s
,
v
o
l.
15,
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22,
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K
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M
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R
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P
o
th
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r
e
dd
y
,
S
.
V
udda
nt
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a
nd
S
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R
.
S
a
lk
ut
i,
“
I
mpa
c
t
of
de
ma
nd
r
e
s
po
ns
e
o
n
o
pt
im
a
l
s
i
z
in
g
of
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
c
us
to
me
r
t
a
r
i
f
f
,”
E
ne
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gi
e
s
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S
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Y
u,
S
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Y
a
ng,
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nd
S
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S
u,
“
S
e
l
f
-
a
da
pt
i
ve
s
t
e
p
f
i
r
e
f
l
y
a
lg
o
r
it
hm,”
J
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of
A
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M
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he
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T
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N
ik
na
m,
R
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A
z
iz
ip
a
na
h
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A
ba
r
ghooe
e
,
a
nd
A
.
R
o
o
s
ta
,
“
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
c
o
ns
tr
a
in
e
d
d
y
na
mi
c
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
di
s
pa
tc
h:
a
ne
w
f
a
s
t
s
e
l
f
-
a
da
pt
iv
e
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
f
ir
e
f
l
y
a
lg
o
r
it
hm,”
I
E
E
E
Sy
s
te
m
s
J
our
nal
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v
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6,
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R
.
T
a
o
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Z
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M
e
ng,
a
nd
H
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Z
h
o
u,
“
A
s
e
l
f
-
a
da
pt
iv
e
s
tr
a
t
e
g
y
ba
s
e
d
f
ir
e
f
l
y
a
lg
or
it
hm
f
or
c
o
ns
tr
a
in
e
d
e
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
d
e
s
ig
n
pr
o
bl
e
ms
,”
A
ppl
ie
d Sof
t
C
om
put
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g
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ol
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g. 2021, doi:
1
0.1016/j
.a
s
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2021, d
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[
28]
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302
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1327, Aug. 2023, do
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2023.2196673.
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