I
AE
S In
t
er
na
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Ro
bo
t
ics a
nd
Aut
o
m
a
t
io
n
(
I
J
RA)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
4
5
9
~
4
6
7
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jr
a
.
v
14
i
4
.
pp
4
5
9
-
467
459
J
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:
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ttp
:
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Desig
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speed
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c
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rs
for ef
ficien
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pa
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educ
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pliers
J
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niel
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v
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R
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1
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1
1
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5
P
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m
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with
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y
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sin
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c
o
m
p
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ss
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in
t
h
e
m
u
lt
i
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Us
in
g
c
o
m
p
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ss
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rs
in
th
e
m
u
lt
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p
li
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r
c
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it
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
imp
a
c
ts
m
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
p
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rfo
rm
a
n
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e
.
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p
ro
x
ima
te
c
o
m
p
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ss
o
rs
a
re
c
ru
c
ial
fo
r
a
c
h
iev
in
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b
e
tt
e
r
d
e
sig
n
m
e
tri
c
s
in
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
m
u
lt
ip
l
iers
.
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is
p
a
p
e
r
p
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o
p
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se
s
to
c
re
a
te
v
a
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u
s
n
e
w
a
p
p
r
o
x
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te
4
:2
c
o
m
p
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ss
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r
c
ircu
it
s.
A
trad
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-
o
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m
a
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th
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p
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rfo
rm
a
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n
d
a
c
c
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ra
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t
h
is
a
p
p
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x
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d
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a
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.
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d
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s
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e
n
imp
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m
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u
sin
g
XO
R
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XN
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g
a
te
s
with
a
2
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to
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1
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d
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lso
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tes
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tran
sm
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tes
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th
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it
s
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v
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sim
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late
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u
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d
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e
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t
tec
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o
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e
s.
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m
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wit
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i
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p
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d
4
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a
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v
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s
5
1
.
4
%
p
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we
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re
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c
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a
n
d
2
6
.
4
5
%
d
e
lay
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
fo
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4
5
n
m
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
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p
r
o
x
im
ate
c
o
m
p
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tin
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C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
Dela
y
L
o
w
p
o
wer
Mu
ltip
lier
Par
tial p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
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ing
A
uth
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r
:
An
u
s
h
a
Go
r
an
tla
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
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ics an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
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E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
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g
,
R
ag
h
u
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
C
o
lleg
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Vis
ak
h
ap
atn
am
,
An
d
h
r
a
Pra
d
e
s
h
5
3
1
1
6
2
,
I
n
d
ia
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m
ail:
an
u
s
h
ag
o
r
a
n
tla3
@
g
m
a
il.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
L
o
w
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
o
b
lem
wh
e
n
d
esig
n
in
g
ef
f
icien
t
co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tin
g
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
[
2
]
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
q
u
ality
b
y
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
[
3
]
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tin
g
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
in
em
b
ed
d
ed
an
d
m
o
b
ile
s
y
s
tem
s
[
4
]
an
d
also
in
im
a
g
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
d
ata
m
in
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
VL
SI
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
s
[
6
]
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic,
ar
c
h
itectu
r
al,
lo
g
ic,
g
ate,
an
d
tr
an
s
is
to
r
lev
els
[
7
]
.
Du
r
in
g
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
,
th
e
p
a
r
tial
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
tag
e
h
as
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
8
]
,
lar
g
e
s
ilico
n
ar
ea
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
elay
d
u
e
to
r
ep
ea
ted
ad
d
itio
n
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
cir
cu
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
a
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
d
esig
n
,
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
t
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
4
0
to
2
8
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
XOR
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
a
6
T
XO
R
-
XNOR
g
ate
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
ad
d
e
r
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
t
h
e
lo
wer
p
ar
tial
OR
ad
d
er
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
s
,
a
o
n
e
-
b
it
ad
d
er
,
o
r
f
u
ll
a
d
d
er
,
an
d
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
is
b
u
ilt
u
s
in
g
b
asic
g
ates
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
two
-
in
p
u
t
NAND
,
NOR,
XOR,
an
d
XNOR
ar
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
b
asic
g
ates
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
[
1
5
]
.
Gate
-
lev
el
lo
g
ic
co
m
p
licatio
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lo
g
ic
co
m
p
lex
ity
[
1
6
]
.
A
s
im
ilar
k
in
d
o
f
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
f
o
u
n
d
a
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
er
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
b
io
m
e
d
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
2
5
8
6
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
5
9
-
4
6
7
460
R
ec
en
tly
,
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
r
ed
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ce
d
elay
wh
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
r
ep
ea
ted
task
s
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
th
ese
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
m
u
ltip
lier
s
to
ac
co
r
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
b
le
m
u
ltip
lier
s
[
2
0
]
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
m
u
ltip
lier
s
[
2
1
]
f
o
r
d
is
tin
ct
co
lu
m
n
s
ar
e
s
y
n
t
h
esized
u
s
in
g
th
e
2
8
n
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
2
2
]
.
Simu
latio
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
lay
er
s
to
ev
alu
ate
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
3
]
.
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
lo
wer
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
e
n
ter
t
h
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
[
2
4
]
.
An
u
n
s
ig
n
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
m
u
ltip
lier
d
esig
n
en
h
a
n
ce
s
h
ar
d
war
e
ef
f
icien
cy
with
o
u
t
lo
s
in
g
p
r
ec
is
i
o
n
[
2
5
]
.
A
u
n
iq
u
e
4
:
2
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
u
s
ed
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct'
s
in
ter
m
ed
iate
s
ec
tio
n
s
[
2
6
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
in
co
r
r
ec
t
r
esu
l
t.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
m
u
ltip
lier
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ate
d
with
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
; d
eter
m
in
in
g
w
o
u
ld
r
esu
lt in
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
i
n
ac
cu
r
a
cy
[
2
7
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
c
h
,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
lik
e
m
o
r
e
d
el
ay
,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ar
ea
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
m
u
ltip
lier
s
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
u
s
ag
e,
lar
g
e
s
ilico
n
ar
ea
,
an
d
d
elay
,
ar
e
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
h
a
r
d
war
e.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ly
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
t
an
d
lo
wer
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
ity
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
ac
h
iev
es
lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
d
elay
at
6
T
XOR
-
XNOR
g
ates
an
d
2
T
Mu
ltip
lex
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
er
r
o
r
-
t
o
ler
an
t
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
ac
cu
r
ac
y
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
b
y
m
etr
ics s
u
ch
as M
R
E
D
an
d
NM
E
D.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
a
r
e
h
o
w
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
o
wer
u
s
ag
e
an
d
d
elay
s
,
an
d
h
o
w
th
e
4
:2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
en
h
an
ce
s
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
p
ee
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
d
etailed
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
2
,
wh
ile
Sectio
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
ize
d
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
.
Sectio
n
4
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
an
d
o
r
g
an
ize
d
d
esig
n
s
,
an
d
Sectio
n
5
c
o
n
clu
d
es th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
E
XI
ST
I
NG
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
g
en
er
al,
a
m
u
ltip
lier
u
s
es
a
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
to
cu
t
d
o
w
n
o
n
th
e
s
tag
es
o
f
p
ar
tial
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
4
-
2
[
2
]
in
clu
d
es
5
in
p
u
ts
an
d
th
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
a
4
:2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
o
u
tp
u
t
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ex
ac
t
4
:2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
=
1
⨁
2
⨁
3
⨁
4
⨁
(
1)
=
4
(
1
⨁
2
⨁
3
⨁
4
)
+
(
1
⨁
2
⨁
3
⨁
4
)
(
2
)
=
3
(
1
⨁
2
)
+
1
(
1
⨁
2
)
(
3
)
T
h
e
4
-
2
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es
u
s
in
g
XOR
-
XNO
R
g
ates
wi
th
2
to
1
m
u
ltip
lex
er
a
n
d
XOR
-
XNOR
g
ates
wi
th
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
g
ates.
T
h
e
s
u
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
two
in
p
u
t X
OR
-
XNO
R
g
ates is a
s
f
o
llo
ws.
=
[
(
1
⨁
2
)
(
3
⨁
4
)
′
+
(
[
(
1
⨁
2
)
′
(
3
⨁
4
)
]
′
+
′
[
(
(
1
⨁
2
)
(
3
⨁
4
)
′
+
(
3
+
4
)
]
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
4
:2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AP
P
RO
XI
M
A
T
E
4
:
2
CO
M
P
RE
SS
O
RS
Ou
r
cu
ttin
g
-
e
d
g
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
in
p
u
ts
an
d
th
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
ts
to
f
o
u
r
in
p
u
ts
an
d
two
o
u
tp
u
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
p
u
ts
with
a
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
tr
u
th
tab
les an
d
B
o
o
lean
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
ca
r
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
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I
n
t
J
R
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b
&
A
u
to
m
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SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
Desig
n
o
f lo
w
-
p
o
w
er,
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
a
p
p
r
o
xima
te
4
:
2
co
mp
r
ess
o
r
s
…
(
Ja
b
ez Da
n
iel
V
in
ce
n
t
Da
vid
Mich
a
el
)
461
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
u
m
.
Fr
o
m
T
a
b
le
1
,
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
th
e
ei
g
h
t
u
p
p
er
b
in
ar
y
b
its
o
f
X
4
a
n
d
C
in
ar
e
e
q
u
al
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
o
th
er
lo
wer
in
p
u
ts
(
X
3
,
X
2,
an
d
X
1
)
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
we
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atin
g
,
X
4
=C
in
,
an
d
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
co
lu
m
n
s
,
as
th
er
e
wer
e
two
c
ar
r
y
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
n
am
ely
C
ar
r
y
an
d
C
out
,
th
ey
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
as
C
o
u
t.
W
h
en
X
4
=C
in
an
d
C
ar
r
y
=
C
out
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
5
-
in
p
u
t
an
d
3
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
is
r
e
d
u
ce
d
to
4
in
p
u
ts
an
d
2
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
T
r
u
th
T
a
b
le
(
T
T
)
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
T
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
4
:
2
C
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
2
X4
X3
X2
X1
C
a
r
r
y
S
u
m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
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1
1
1
0
1
1
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1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
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1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
f
all
1
’
s
o
f
X
4
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
with
‘
0
’
i
n
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
last
eig
h
t
r
o
ws
o
f
in
p
u
ts
,
C
ar
r
y
an
d
Su
m
co
lu
m
n
s
ar
e
a
r
ep
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
eig
h
t
r
o
ws,
h
en
ce
n
eg
lectin
g
th
e
last
eig
h
t
r
o
ws
in
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
lo
g
ic
h
er
e
is
in
s
p
ec
ted
as a
Fu
ll a
d
d
er
with
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
X4
in
p
u
t a
s
l
aid
o
u
t in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gate
lev
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
(
1
)
an
d
eq
u
alizin
g
X
4
an
d
C
in
,
=
1
⨁
2
⨁
3
⨁
4
⨁
5
(
5
)
=
1
⨁
2
⨁
3
(
6
)
Fro
m
(
5
)
,
X
4
XOR
X
4
is
ze
r
o
,
wh
ich
r
e
d
u
ce
s
it
to
(
6
)
,
n
o
w
i
f
all
1
’
s
o
f
X
4
is
r
ep
lace
d
with
‘
0
’
i
n
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
last
eig
h
t
r
o
ws
o
f
i
n
p
u
ts
,
C
ar
r
y
an
d
Su
m
co
lu
m
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
lic
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
eig
h
t
r
o
ws,
h
en
ce
n
e
g
lectin
g
t
h
e
last
eig
h
t
r
o
ws
in
T
ab
le
2
,
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
h
er
e
is
i
n
s
p
ec
ted
as
a
Fu
ll
ad
d
er
with
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
X
4
in
p
u
t
as
laid
o
u
t
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
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2
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8
6
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&
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m
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l
.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
5
9
-
4
6
7
462
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
4
:2
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
2
A
co
n
d
e
n
s
ed
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
.
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
'
s
T
ab
le
2
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
in
wh
ich
XOR
-
XNO
R
an
d
MU
X
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
with
1
0
T
an
d
6T
XOR
-
XNO
R
s
an
d
T
G,
2T
m
u
ltip
lex
er
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
g
ate
-
le
v
el
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
a
r
es
ef
f
icie
n
cy
ag
ai
n
s
t
b
o
th
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
4
-
2
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
.
Sp
ec
tr
e
f
r
o
m
C
ad
en
ce
Desig
n
Sy
s
tem
s
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
4
5
n
m
an
d
9
0
n
m
C
MO
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
im
ic
e
v
er
y
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
i
n
g
MRED,
NM
E
D,
p
o
wer
,
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
u
n
t,
a
n
d
d
elay
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
ex
is
tin
g
te
ch
n
iq
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4
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1
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P
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is
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ticu
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d
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f
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N
-
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it a
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ad
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er
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iv
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(
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=
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2
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2
2
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(
7
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w
h
er
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p
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ec
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m
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=
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wh
er
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th
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ic.
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MO
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p
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tatic
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ich
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ea
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at
th
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n
p
u
t
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ac
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eliv
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g
ic
,
wh
ile
is
th
e
s
tati
c
s
u
p
p
ly
cu
r
r
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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(
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ez Da
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V
in
ce
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t
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vid
Mich
a
el
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463
4
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
th
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p
r
o
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ess
o
r
d
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,
th
e
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f
u
n
ctio
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C
F)
is
em
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ed
as
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n
if
ied
m
etr
ic
to
ass
es
s
o
v
er
all
d
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n
ef
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b
y
in
teg
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atin
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m
u
ltip
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er
f
o
r
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ce
p
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ch
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p
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an
d
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h
e
C
F,
d
ef
in
e
d
b
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,
h
el
p
s
in
q
u
an
titativ
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co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
tr
ad
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o
f
f
s
b
et
wee
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ac
cu
r
ac
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d
h
ar
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war
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ef
f
icien
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ac
r
o
s
s
v
a
r
io
u
s
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es.
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h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
ab
les
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h
o
li
s
tic
ev
alu
atio
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th
at
ex
ten
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s
b
e
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n
d
is
o
lated
m
etr
ics,
en
s
u
r
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g
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
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iev
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o
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tim
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alan
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=
(
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ab
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2
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m
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d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ates
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ited
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ased
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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Data
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RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
M
a
l
e
k
n
e
j
a
d
,
F
.
S
h
a
r
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f
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.
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h
a
r
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f
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,
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A
f
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f
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y
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r
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d
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c
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c
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y
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
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5
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1.
[
2
]
D
.
C
h
a
m
p
l
a
,
G
.
A
.
S
a
f
d
a
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,
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.
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u
t
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u
k
u
mar,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
S
i
t
h
i
k
,
“
C
-
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V
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:
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mi
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b
a
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g
A
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p
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m o
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,
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I
n
t
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t
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v
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.
1
,
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
3
]
M
.
J.
P
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a
j
w
a
l
a
,
K
.
D
e
s
a
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a
n
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e
,
“
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f
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t
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2
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v
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.
2
2
4
4
,
p
p
.
7
0
–
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6
.
[
4
]
B
.
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,
M
.
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p
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ss p
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me
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t
s,
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o
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.
[
5
]
M
.
I
.
K
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l
l
a
n
n
u
r
a
n
d
S
.
O
u
d
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y
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C
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mar,
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TFI
E:
t
h
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e
-
f
o
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r
i
n
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x
a
c
t
a
d
d
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4
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5
:
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c
o
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p
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f
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h
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h
p
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f
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p
p
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x
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m
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t
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b
o
o
t
h
mu
l
t
i
p
l
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e
r
,
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I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
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o
n
a
l
J
o
u
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2
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5
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2
5
0
0
0
8
4
.
[
6
]
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.