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o
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ss
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ts,
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s.
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f
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g
sta
ti
stics
we
re
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se
d
i
n
th
e
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ta
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n
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ly
sis:
m
e
a
n
a
n
d
sta
n
d
a
rd
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e
v
i
a
ti
o
n
.
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su
lt
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s
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ste
p
s:
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i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
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i)
s
u
rv
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y
,
iii)
j
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stifi
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v
)
d
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v)
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CC B
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C
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A
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Sak
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Facu
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Un
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s
ity
Ko
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Selap
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Dis
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R
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t Ci
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,
R
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Pro
v
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ce
4
5
1
2
0
,
T
h
aila
n
d
E
m
ail: sci.sak
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
er
a,
s
cien
ce
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
tly
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
s
cien
tific
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
to
m
ak
e
p
eo
p
le
’
s
liv
es b
etter
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ap
p
ly
s
cien
tific
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
v
ar
io
u
s
way
s
an
d
to
a
d
d
r
ess
r
ea
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-
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r
ld
ch
allen
g
es
is
r
ef
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r
r
ed
to
as
s
cien
tific
in
tellig
en
ce
.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t
en
co
m
p
ass
es
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
cien
ce
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
it
is
a
n
ess
en
tial
to
o
l
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
at
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
le
a
r
e
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
t
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
to
d
ay
’
s
h
ig
h
ly
s
cien
tific
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
s
o
ciety
.
Scien
tific
in
tellig
en
ce
also
in
v
o
lv
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th
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ab
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y
to
r
ec
o
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ize
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allen
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ar
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g
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m
s
cien
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d
tech
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lo
g
ical
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v
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ce
m
en
ts
with
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
ex
p
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tis
e.
D
ev
elo
p
in
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s
cien
tific
in
tellig
en
ce
in
ev
er
y
s
tu
d
en
t is
a
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
]
.
Scien
tific
in
tellig
en
ce
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
n
atio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
m
p
etitiv
en
ess
,
an
d
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Pr
o
g
r
am
m
e
f
o
r
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Stu
d
en
t
Ass
ess
m
en
t
(
PISA
)
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
ef
e
r
s
to
a
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ap
p
ly
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
a
b
ilit
ies
in
th
e
m
ain
to
p
ics
th
ey
h
av
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
itu
atio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
ey
p
o
s
s
ess
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
th
in
k
cr
itically
,
r
ea
s
o
n
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
clea
r
ly
in
v
o
lv
es
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
ess
en
tial
id
ea
s
,
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
,
ass
es
s
in
g
,
an
d
r
eso
lv
in
g
is
s
u
es
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
]
.
A
k
ey
elem
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
cien
tific
g
r
o
wth
is
s
cien
tific
in
tellig
en
ce
.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
th
in
k
clea
r
l
y
a
n
d
s
cien
tific
ally
,
wh
ich
h
as
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
i
)
th
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
’
s
s
cien
tific
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
;
ii
)
a
s
s
es
s
in
g
an
d
p
lan
n
in
g
th
e
s
cien
tific
in
q
u
ir
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
;
a
n
d
iii
)
an
aly
zin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
u
s
in
g
s
cien
tific
ev
id
en
ce
[
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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&
R
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Vo
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15
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No
.
1
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Feb
r
u
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r
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20
2
6
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95
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204
196
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
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atio
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al
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
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test
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in
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cien
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b
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in
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icate
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[
4
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T
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f
in
d
in
g
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d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
s
tu
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en
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e
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ic
p
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f
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a
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ce
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cien
tific
co
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r
s
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s
till
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elo
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tab
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lev
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Ma
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ca
tio
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in
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asize
m
em
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r
izatio
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an
d
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am
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p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
t
h
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
cien
tific
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
n
o
t
p
r
esen
ted
to
lear
n
e
r
s
b
y
o
b
s
e
r
v
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.
T
ea
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h
er
s
o
v
er
em
p
h
as
ize
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
m
ater
ial
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
r
o
u
tin
ely
ev
alu
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
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esp
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th
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f
ac
t
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esti
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is
s
ee
n
as
a
cr
u
cial
ab
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in
s
cien
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As
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r
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en
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e
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a
b
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h
in
k
lik
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s
cien
tis
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[
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
teac
h
er
m
ee
tin
g
s
with
in
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
s
cien
tific
lear
n
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
d
icate
th
at
lectu
r
in
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r
em
ain
s
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
m
an
y
ac
tiv
ities
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ar
e
g
iv
en
a
wo
r
k
s
h
e
et
to
co
m
p
lete
in
o
r
d
er
to
ass
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n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
w
h
at
th
ey
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av
e
r
ea
d
.
Stu
d
en
ts
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e
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ated
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d
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m
ap
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at
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t
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Stu
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ts
a
r
e
n
o
t
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
ed
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
eir
o
wn
s
k
ills
.
Pu
p
ils
ar
e
n
o
t
tau
g
h
t
h
o
w
to
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
ass
ess
an
d
p
lan
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ca
n
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
o
r
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
ex
am
in
e
wh
at
ac
tu
ally
o
cc
u
r
s
in
ev
er
y
d
ay
life
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
u
n
ab
le
to
m
ak
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
f
ac
ts
o
r
s
cien
tific
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
cien
tific
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
c
es
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
asp
ec
t
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
e
n
atio
n
’
s
e
m
p
o
we
r
m
en
t
an
d
is
cr
u
cial
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
in
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
lan
.
T
h
e
Natio
n
al
Sch
em
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
B
.
E
.
2
5
6
0
-
2
5
7
9
(
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
3
6
)
c
r
ea
te
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
th
at
will
allo
w
ch
ild
r
en
to
g
r
o
w
to
th
eir
g
r
ea
test
p
o
ten
tial.
T
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lear
n
er
s
,
teac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
p
o
s
s
ess
b
o
th
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
an
d
b
e
ab
le
to
m
a
n
ag
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
i
n
way
s
th
at
a
r
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
tally
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
a
n
d
al
ig
n
ed
with
h
o
lis
tic
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
in
cip
les
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
o
b
je
ctiv
es
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
esig
n
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
alig
n
with
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
co
m
p
eten
cies
r
elate
d
to
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
[
7
]
.
R
aisi
n
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
en
co
u
r
ag
es
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
m
an
a
g
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
to
war
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
o
u
tc
o
m
es
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
co
r
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
T
h
e
B
u
d
d
h
is
t
cu
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
,
wh
ich
was
am
en
d
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
in
2
0
1
7
,
aim
s
to
h
el
p
p
u
p
ils
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
s
k
ills
th
ey
will
n
ee
d
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
.
C
r
ea
te
th
e
class
es
with
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
u
p
ils
’
m
u
ltip
le
in
tellig
en
ce
s
in
m
in
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
o
c
u
s
is
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
[
8
]
.
P
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
lear
n
in
g
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
ch
ild
r
en
to
lear
n
as
m
u
c
h
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
at
th
e
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
talen
ts
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
teac
h
er
s
.
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
le
ar
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
d
esig
n
a
r
e
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
ics
th
at
ar
e
r
elev
an
t
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
co
n
ten
t
an
d
m
a
y
o
f
f
e
r
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at
ar
e
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
o
f
ten
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
e
x
p
er
ien
tial
lea
r
n
in
g
,
is
a
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
in
itial
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
s
o
m
eo
n
e
willin
g
ly
c
h
o
o
s
es
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
teac
h
er
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
;
t
h
ey
h
av
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ad
a
p
t to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
m
u
s
t
p
o
s
s
ess
th
e
s
k
ill
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ap
p
ly
k
n
o
wled
g
e
e
f
f
e
ctiv
ely
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ial
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
1
2
]
.
No
wad
ay
s
,
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
as
a
cr
u
cial
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
an
ess
en
ti
al
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
y
em
p
h
a
s
izin
g
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
,
k
n
o
win
g
t
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
s
cien
ce
as
well
a
s
it
s
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
ies
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
th
e
21
th
ce
n
tu
r
y
a
r
e
also
co
v
e
r
ed
,
s
u
ch
as
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
ab
ilit
ies,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
in
g
e
n
u
ity
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
[
13
]
,
[
14
]
.
D
u
r
in
g
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
i
n
ad
v
an
cin
g
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
is
d
ee
m
ed
c
r
u
cial.
Dir
ec
t
s
cien
tific
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
g
iv
e
teac
h
er
s
f
ir
s
th
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
as
lear
n
er
s
,
an
d
th
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
u
s
e
th
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
an
o
t
h
er
elem
en
t
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ab
ilit
ies
is
s
cien
tific
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
,
wh
ich
i
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
an
d
ac
tio
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
in
g
th
e
is
s
u
es
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
k
id
s
ca
n
en
co
u
n
ter
m
i
g
h
t
aid
i
n
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
p
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
1
6
]
.
W
h
ile
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
f
lex
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
t
co
m
es
an
d
teac
h
er
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
[
1
7
]
,
f
ewe
r
ad
d
r
ess
p
ar
en
t
al
v
iewp
o
in
ts
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
ca
n
r
aise
s
tu
d
en
t
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
[
19
]
–
[
22
]
.
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
te
ac
h
er
s
,
th
e
n
o
b
le
tr
u
th
’
s
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
elem
en
ts
f
o
u
r
,
in
th
e
s
p
ir
it
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
;
Gr
o
wth
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
teac
h
er
s
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
s
cien
ce
a
r
e
in
s
p
ir
ed
to
h
a
v
e
a
p
u
b
lic
s
p
ir
it,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
(
B
h
v
T
T
)
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
co
m
p
iled
in
th
e
R
o
i
E
t
P
r
o
v
i
n
ce
as
g
u
id
elin
es
to
h
elp
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
cien
ce
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
b
ilit
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
le
a
r
n
in
g
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t m
o
d
el
fo
r
s
cien
ce
tea
ch
ers
(
S
a
ksr
i S
u
eb
s
in
g
)
197
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
em
p
l
o
y
ed
a
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t (
R
&
D
)
s
tr
ateg
y
.
R
&
D
is
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
el
o
p
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
ass
ess
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
R
&
D
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
lin
e
with
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
p
lace
s
a
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
o
n
p
r
ac
ticality
an
d
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
i
n
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
in
o
r
d
er
to
a
ch
iev
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
at
i
s
th
e
id
ea
b
eh
in
d
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
1
.
Sa
mp
le
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
af
f
iliated
with
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
B
asic
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
in
R
o
i
E
t
Pro
v
in
ce
,
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
m
p
r
is
ed
3
0
0
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Kr
ejcie
a
n
d
M
o
r
g
a
n
s
am
p
lin
g
ta
b
le,
an
d
a
to
tal
o
f
2
0
s
ch
o
o
ls
wer
e
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
[
2
4
]
.
Par
ticip
a
n
ts
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
elig
ib
ilit
y
an
d
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
with
t
h
e
k
e
y
c
r
iter
io
n
b
ein
g
th
at
th
ey
wer
e
ac
tiv
ely
teac
h
in
g
s
cien
ce
at
elem
en
tar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h t
o
o
ls
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
to
o
l
was
a
1
5
1
-
q
u
esti
o
n
s
u
r
v
ey
o
n
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
cr
ea
ti
o
n
o
f
a
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
cien
tific
in
s
tr
u
ct
o
r
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ix
ess
en
tial
elem
en
ts
.
Fro
m
1
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
)
to
5
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
,
t
h
e
s
ca
le
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
5
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
lev
els
:
5
=stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
/m
o
s
t
g
en
er
ally
u
s
ed
,
an
d
1
=stro
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
/least
u
tili
ze
d
.
Six
ess
en
tial
elem
en
ts
:
i)
t
ea
ch
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
(
C
m
p
tT
)
;
ii)
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
n
o
b
le
t
r
u
th
s
(
No
b
lT
)
;
iii)
t
ea
ch
er
s
p
ir
it
(
Sp
r
tT
)
;
iv
)
u
s
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
(
I
n
v
ML
)
;
v
)
i
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
m
in
d
(
Pb
lcM
)
,
an
d
v
i)
B
h
v
T
T
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
n
e
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
test
in
g
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
an
d
v
e
r
if
ied
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
team
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
an
d
th
e
o
b
jec
tiv
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
wo
u
ld
f
ir
s
t
cr
ea
te,
d
ev
elo
p
,
o
r
s
elec
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
Pil
o
t
test
s
ar
e
th
en
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
ess
clar
ity
.
Pro
g
r
am
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
will
h
elp
id
en
tify
a
n
y
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
r
eg
io
n
s
o
r
is
s
u
es
with
th
e
t
o
o
l,
wh
ich
m
ay
th
en
b
e
s
u
itab
ly
co
r
r
ec
ted
o
r
en
h
an
ce
d
.
A
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
f
iv
e
ex
p
e
r
ts
(
two
in
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
,
two
in
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
a
n
d
o
n
e
in
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
)
ass
ess
ed
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
o
n
ce
th
e
to
o
l
was
u
p
d
ated
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
ex
p
er
t
ad
v
ice,
th
e
I
OC
was r
aised
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
7
to
1
.
0
0
.
T
h
e
d
ep
e
n
d
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
alp
h
a
co
e
f
f
icien
t
test
to
as
s
es
s
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
[
2
6
]
–
[
28
]
.
I
t
ce
r
tifie
s
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
at
h
a
v
e
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
test
ed
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata
an
d
ca
n
h
elp
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lik
e
lih
o
o
d
th
at
th
e
n
ew
d
ata
will
also
b
e
r
eliab
le.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
ll
ec
tio
n
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
wh
ich
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
0
to
0
.
9
1
,
s
h
o
ws ex
c
ellen
t r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
t
ag
r
ee
s
with
C
o
h
en
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
,
wh
ich
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
tr
u
s
t
is
g
en
er
ally
in
d
icate
d
b
y
a
s
co
r
e
ab
o
v
e
0
.
9
0
,
v
er
y
tr
u
s
ted
b
y
a
s
co
r
e
b
etwe
en
0
.
8
0
an
d
0
.
9
0
,
tr
u
s
ted
b
y
a
s
co
r
e
b
etwe
en
0
.
7
0
an
d
0
.
7
9
,
least
tr
u
s
ted
b
y
a
s
co
r
e
b
etwe
en
0
.
6
0
an
d
0
.
6
9
,
an
d
u
n
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
b
y
a
s
co
r
e
b
elo
w
0
.
6
0
[
3
0
]
.
A
1
2
-
p
ar
t
d
o
m
ain
tr
u
s
t
ev
alu
atio
n
s
co
r
e
with
a
m
e
d
ian
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
0
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
q
u
e
r
y
h
as a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
l
ev
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
l
e
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
D
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
to
o
l
M
e
ss
a
g
e
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s a
l
p
h
a
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
R
e
s
u
l
t
C
mp
t
T
6
0
.
8
9
H
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
N
o
b
l
T
4
0
.
8
0
H
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
S
p
r
t
T
5
0
.
9
1
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
I
n
v
M
L
5
0
.
9
0
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
P
b
l
c
M
4
0
.
9
1
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
B
h
v
TT
5
0
.
8
9
H
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
29
0
.
9
0
V
e
r
y
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n a
nd
da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
f
o
llo
wed
s
ev
e
r
al
s
tep
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
R
&
D
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
4
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
an
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
(
r
esear
c
h
:
R
1
)
.
T
h
is
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
is
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
(
an
aly
s
is
:
A)
,
in
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
cr
u
cial
d
etails
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
lear
n
in
g
an
d
teac
h
in
g
s
ty
les
tech
n
iq
u
es
2
p
r
o
g
r
ess
(
p
r
o
g
r
ess
:
D1
)
(
D
an
d
D
s
tan
d
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
d
esig
n
)
.
I
t
was
c
r
ea
ted
an
d
d
esig
n
ed
as:
th
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
as
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
an
d
d
is
co
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
.
T
h
e
less
o
n
p
la
n
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
ev
alu
ated
b
y
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
a
n
u
al
a
r
e
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
th
at
g
o
al
o
n
g
with
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
.
T
h
e
jo
in
t
co
m
m
ittee
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ev
a
lu
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
all
[
3
1
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
d
ata’
s
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
95
-
204
198
an
aly
tical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
R
esear
ch
is
th
e
th
i
r
d
s
tep
(
r
esear
ch
:
R
2
)
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
(
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
:
I
)
is
as:
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
is
ev
alu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
test
in
g
b
y
p
u
ttin
g
in
t
o
p
r
ac
tice
th
e
esta
b
lis
h
ed
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
cien
ce
.
T
est
u
s
in
g
a
f
o
u
r
-
p
er
s
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
am
p
le
(
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t:
D2
)
.
I
t
is
an
ev
alu
atio
n
(
R
esu
lt:
E
)
:
ev
alu
atio
n
an
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lo
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s
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in
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p
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iliated
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ice
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ly
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ata
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Statis
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t
h
at
lead
to
B
h
v
T
T
.
T
h
er
e
is
em
p
ir
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
Pro
v
in
ce
o
f
R
o
i
E
t
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
v
alu
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
2
⁄
)
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
5
(
2
)
=
⁄
3
.
4654
.
T
h
is
is
an
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
th
at
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
is
h
ar
m
o
n
io
u
s
ly
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
o
th
er
s
tatis
tical
v
alu
es
th
at
in
d
icate
h
ar
m
o
n
y
th
at
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
,
n
am
ely
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
y
le
v
el
in
d
ex
(
GFI
)
a
n
d
th
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
h
a
r
m
o
n
ize
d
i
n
d
ex
(
AGFI
)
e
q
u
al
t
o
0
.
9
2
a
n
d
0
.
9
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
(
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
GFI
>0
.
9
2
an
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
A
GFI
>0
.
9
0
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
cr
i
tical
N
(
C
N)
eq
u
al
to
2
6
3
wh
ic
h
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
0
0
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
em
p
ir
ical
f
ac
ts
ar
e
h
ar
m
o
n
io
u
s
ly
co
n
g
r
u
en
t.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
cien
c
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
’
B
h
v
T
T
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
a
p
er
s
o
n
wh
o
v
o
lu
n
ta
r
ily
d
ec
id
es
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
teac
h
er
.
T
h
e
y
will
b
e
p
r
o
f
icien
t
in
u
s
in
g
1
9
th
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
ab
ilit
ies,
h
ig
h
ly
ad
ap
tiv
e
to
th
eir
f
ield
,
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
th
eir
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
Mo
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
it
will
lead
to
ef
f
icien
t
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
s
ettin
g
u
p
a
class
r
o
o
m
,
cr
ea
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
3
2
]
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f a
le
a
r
n
in
g
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t m
o
d
el
fo
r
s
cien
ce
tea
ch
ers
(
S
a
ksr
i S
u
eb
s
in
g
)
201
ch
an
ce
to
d
e
v
elo
p
t
h
eir
s
k
ills
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
t
u
r
y
.
I
t
af
f
ec
t
s
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
ch
a
n
g
es
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
itially
in
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
’
s
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
as
g
r
o
wn
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tr
ain
e
d
o
n
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
at
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
to
co
m
m
u
n
ity
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
3
3
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
21
st
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
is
ab
ilit
y
to
liv
e
a
m
o
r
e
r
esp
ec
tab
le
life
.
Ad
d
r
ess
is
s
u
es
th
at
ar
e
s
im
p
ler
t
o
id
e
n
tify
.
T
h
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
lo
o
k
at
ev
en
ts
in
th
eir
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
r
s
o
ciety
f
r
o
m
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
.
N
ew
ab
ili
ties
m
ig
h
t
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
class
if
ied
as
lear
n
in
g
an
d
r
eh
ab
ilit
atio
n
.
E
v
er
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el,
f
r
o
m
elem
en
tar
y
to
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
m
e
d
ia,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
life
an
d
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
s
k
ills
[
3
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pu
b
lic
attitu
d
e
an
d
I
n
v
ML
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
s
cien
c
e
teac
h
er
s
’
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t p
r
ac
tices
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
p
ar
ad
ig
m
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
s
te
p
s
:
i
n
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
,
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
j
u
s
tific
atio
n
,
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
,
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
lo
o
k
ed
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t m
o
d
el,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
,
wh
ich
h
as a
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
J
o
y
ce
a
n
d
C
alh
o
u
n
[
3
5
]
,
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
n
ce
p
t
[
3
5
]
–
[
3
8
]
.
No
b
lT
,
th
e
te
ac
h
er
’
s
s
p
ir
it
is
th
e
I
n
v
ML
an
d
p
u
b
lic
awa
r
en
ess
,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
u
s
ed
b
y
p
r
im
ar
y
s
cien
ce
in
s
tr
u
ct
o
r
s
in
th
e
R
o
i
E
t
Pro
v
in
ce
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
elem
en
tar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
R
o
i
E
t
p
r
o
v
in
ce
ar
e
lin
ea
r
ly
c
o
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
m
o
tiv
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
p
u
b
lic
-
m
in
d
ed
n
ess
.
Up
o
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
e
q
u
atio
n
s
,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
co
u
ld
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
two
m
o
r
e
in
ter
n
al
v
ar
iab
les:
th
e
I
n
v
ML
at
9
4
.
5
0
%
a
n
d
Pb
lcM
at
9
4
.
1
0
%
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
p
r
im
ar
y
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
’
B
h
v
T
T
was
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
Pb
lcM
.
Du
e
to
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
u
b
lic
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
in
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
ar
e
n
o
w
u
s
in
g
.
Sp
r
tT
:
No
b
lT
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
an
a
g
er
i
al
s
k
ills
f
o
r
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
in
th
e
twen
t
y
-
f
ir
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
i
n
d
icate
th
at
it
is
a
p
r
o
c
ess
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
eo
r
y
.
B
o
th
p
r
ac
ticality
a
n
d
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
v
alu
ed
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
co
n
ce
p
t
an
d
g
u
i
d
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
iv
e
s
tep
s
:
i
n
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
,
s
u
r
v
ey
,
j
u
s
tific
atio
n
,
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
lan
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
s
k
ill
am
o
n
g
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
R
o
i
E
t
Pro
v
in
ce
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
ab
ilit
ies
am
o
n
g
p
r
im
ar
y
s
cien
ce
tea
ch
er
s
in
th
e
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
.
Natu
r
ally
,
af
ter
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
it
ies
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
a
b
ilit
ies,
lear
n
in
g
s
cien
ce
in
th
e
twen
ty
-
f
ir
s
t
ce
n
tu
r
y
was
s
tatis
tica
lly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
0
.
0
5
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ac
tiv
ities
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
b
eg
a
n
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
q
u
ality
o
f
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
cien
ce
co
n
te
n
t,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
also
af
f
ec
ts
th
ei
r
ab
ilit
y
to
im
p
lem
en
t
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
cien
tific
liter
ac
y
[
34
]
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
s
p
ec
ially
cr
ea
te
d
m
o
d
el
h
as
a
lo
t
o
f
p
o
ten
tial.
Su
ch
a
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
R
&
D
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
p
a
y
in
g
clo
s
e
atten
tio
n
to
e
v
er
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
95
-
204
202
litt
le
d
etail.
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
an
aly
s
is
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
aim
s
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
a
c
o
m
p
lete
a
n
d
co
n
te
x
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
m
an
n
er
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ases
m
ak
e
u
p
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
wid
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lear
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i
n
g
m
o
d
els:
in
p
u
ts
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
m
in
o
r
s
ch
o
o
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s
h
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m
ad
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u
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ex
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ate
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n
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eq
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r
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to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
42
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
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o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
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m
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en
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eth
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esig
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f
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r
te
ac
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er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
3
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
p
ar
ad
ig
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
s
tep
s
:
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
s
u
r
v
ey
,
j
u
s
tific
atio
n
,
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
an
d
a
s
s
ess
m
en
t.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
elp
p
r
im
ar
y
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
g
ain
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
cien
ce
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
cie
n
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
th
at
in
co
r
p
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r
ates
ess
en
tial
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
No
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lT
,
t
h
e
t
ea
ch
er
’
s
s
p
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it,
th
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elem
en
t
o
f
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io
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m
p
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an
d
th
e
u
s
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lear
n
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
in
s
p
ir
at
io
n
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
o
n
e
s
tr
ateg
y
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
tu
d
en
t
a
ch
iev
em
en
t
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
le
ar
n
in
g
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
in
elem
en
tar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
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ea
ch
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s
r
eq
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ir
e
tim
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
th
i
s
s
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tific
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lear
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in
g
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
tr
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b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
also
n
ew
to
ele
m
en
tar
y
s
cien
ce
teac
h
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s
.
I
n
s
t
r
u
cto
r
s
m
ig
h
t
alter
th
eir
ap
p
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ac
h
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n
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
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m
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tan
g
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le
m
ater
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Up
o
n
ex
am
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
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al
eq
u
atio
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s
,
it
was
d
is
co
v
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th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
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th
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in
th
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Pb
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9
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1
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v
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F
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I
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&
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
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(
S
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203
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
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I
n
st
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f
o
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t
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P
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m
o
t
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o
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y
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“
P
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S
A
2
0
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8
A
ssess
me
n
t
R
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s
u
l
t
s
:
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g
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M
a
t
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ma
t
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c
s,
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i
)
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d
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b
.
2
,
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0
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5
.
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l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
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a
b
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:
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p
s:
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[
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/
[
3
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I
n
st
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t
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t
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f
o
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t
h
e
P
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mo
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b
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2
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[
4
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O
f
f
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a
t
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a
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st
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