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e
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stig
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w
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c
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n
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in
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d
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in
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b
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se
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re
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d
a
d
a
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stru
c
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ti
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ry
(AST
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,
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sy
n
th
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siz
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d
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su
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m
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x
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ll
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t
p
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ti
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n
s.
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b
ias
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d
m
a
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ten
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n
c
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lan
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g
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c
o
st
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ffe
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ti
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re
so
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rc
e
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ti
li
z
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ti
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,
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d
AI
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a
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led
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ra
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l
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m
e
rg
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d
a
s
t
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re
e
k
e
y
th
e
m
e
s.
Ac
c
o
rd
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t
h
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v
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,
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d
ri
v
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n
p
re
d
icti
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e
m
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in
ten
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n
c
e
g
re
a
tl
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re
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se
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o
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ra
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o
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a
l
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
s
c
o
sts;
h
o
w
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r,
su
c
c
e
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fu
l
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
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n
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d
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p
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ss
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K
ey
w
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r
d
s
:
Ad
ap
tiv
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s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
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r
y
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
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Facility
o
p
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s
an
d
m
ain
ten
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ce
Op
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al
co
s
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ed
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Pre
d
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m
ain
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an
ce
T
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is i
s
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p
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n
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c
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rticle
u
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d
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CC B
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li
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C
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p
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A
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:
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h
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p
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.
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Dep
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GM
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ity
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,
I
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d
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m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
a
n
d
th
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
p
h
ase
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in
to
co
n
s
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ly
7
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%
o
f
a
f
ac
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’
s
to
tal
life
-
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cle
co
s
t
[
1
]
.
B
u
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n
g
s
ac
r
o
s
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e
Un
ited
States
c
o
llectiv
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$
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illi
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ab
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f
in
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o
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izatio
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s
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R
o
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m
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t t
h
e
b
u
il
d
i
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g
’
s
life
s
p
an
[
2
]
−
[
4
].
T
o
m
an
ag
e
r
is
in
g
co
s
ts
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
s
ee
k
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
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n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
p
er
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al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Stu
d
ie
s
in
d
icate
th
at
ar
tific
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in
tell
ig
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ce
(
AI
)
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
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ed
u
n
d
an
cies,
ac
ce
ler
ate
m
ain
ten
an
ce
p
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ce
s
s
es,
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
d
ec
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n
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m
ak
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with
in
f
ac
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m
a
n
ag
em
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t
p
r
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r
am
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
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ev
al
u
ates
th
e
p
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ten
tial
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f
AI
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en
ab
led
p
r
ed
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e
m
ain
ten
a
n
c
e
to
lo
wer
f
ac
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y
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
(
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M)
ex
p
en
s
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
f
a
cility
m
an
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s
,
tech
n
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ea
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er
s
,
an
d
s
tak
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r
s
b
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ased
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er
s
tan
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o
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h
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w
AI
to
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ls
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r
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iv
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ce
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o
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a
n
d
s
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p
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r
t d
ata
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d
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in
v
estme
n
t d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
6
]
−
[
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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J
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E
n
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&
C
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m
p
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N:
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783
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
F
RA
M
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WO
R
K
(
O
P
T
I
O
NAL)
B
ef
o
r
e
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
e
p
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
AI
-
e
n
ab
led
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
ain
ten
an
ce
f
r
o
m
a
s
im
p
le
"
watc
h
-
an
d
-
wait"
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
a
s
o
p
h
is
tic
ated
,
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
s
tr
ateg
y
.
R
ath
er
t
h
an
tr
ea
tin
g
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
as
a
s
er
i
es
o
f
is
o
lated
r
ep
air
task
s
,
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
t
r
ea
ts
it
as
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
life
cy
cle
o
f
d
ata
an
d
in
tellig
en
ce
.
Her
e
is
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
f
o
ld
s
:
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
T
h
e
v
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t
e
y
e
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m
o
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m
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h
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eg
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s
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am
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tim
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ly
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r
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atch
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tag
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h
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ig
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s
er
v
atio
n
s
)
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
with
o
u
t
m
em
o
r
y
is
u
s
ele
s
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
h
ase,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
b
y
lo
g
g
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
a
n
d
a
n
o
m
aly
r
ep
o
r
ts
.
T
h
is
b
u
ild
s
a
h
is
to
r
ical
r
ec
o
r
d
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
f
leetin
g
m
o
m
e
n
ts
o
f
"we
ir
d
b
eh
av
io
r
"
in
to
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ataset.
T
h
is
d
ata
s
er
v
es a
s
th
e
f
u
el
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t,
cr
itical
s
tep
.
T
h
e
"Bra
in
"
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
(
ai
-
d
r
iv
en
a
n
aly
s
is
)
th
is
is
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
s
tep
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
d
r
o
wn
in
g
h
u
m
an
o
p
er
ato
r
s
in
r
aw
lo
g
s
,
th
e
AI
-
Dr
iv
en
An
aly
s
is
en
g
in
e
s
tep
s
in
to
m
ak
e
s
en
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
is
e.
I
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
r
ee
cr
itical
co
g
n
itiv
e
task
s
:
−
Fau
lt
p
r
ed
ictio
n
: it
lo
o
k
s
in
to
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
u
s
in
g
h
is
to
r
ical
p
atter
n
s
to
p
r
e
d
ict
w
h
en
a
p
ar
t w
il
l f
ail.
−
C
o
n
d
itio
n
-
b
ased
aler
ts
:
it
f
ilter
s
o
u
t
f
alse
alar
m
s
,
n
o
tify
in
g
tech
n
ician
s
o
n
ly
wh
en
s
p
e
cif
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
war
r
an
t a
tten
tio
n
.
−
Ma
in
ten
an
ce
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
:
it
ac
ts
as
a
tr
iag
e
n
u
r
s
e,
tellin
g
t
h
e
team
wh
ich
m
ac
h
in
e
n
ee
d
s
im
m
ed
iate
h
elp
an
d
wh
ich
o
n
e
ca
n
wait,
o
p
tim
izin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
ti
o
n
.
Pre
v
en
tiv
e
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
at
l
ast,
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
is
p
u
t
i
n
to
p
r
ac
tice.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
o
r
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
team
th
a
n
k
s
t
o
th
e
in
t
ellig
en
ce
g
ath
e
r
ed
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
.
T
ec
h
n
ician
s
s
tep
i
n
at
th
e
p
er
f
ec
t
tim
e
to
s
av
e
m
o
n
ey
,
av
o
id
d
o
wn
tim
e,
an
d
p
r
o
lo
n
g
th
e
ass
et'
s
life
r
ath
er
t
h
an
r
u
s
h
in
g
to
f
i
x
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
(
r
ea
ctiv
e
)
o
r
r
ep
la
cin
g
p
ar
ts
th
at
ar
e
s
till
g
o
o
d
(
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
7
8
2
-
7
9
0
784
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
lo
y
s
an
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
o
f
f
er
tim
ely
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
with
in
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
[
6
]
.
E
v
id
e
n
ce
-
b
ased
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
s
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
s
to
co
llect
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
,
s
ch
o
l
ar
ly
d
ata
o
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
well
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
r
esear
c
h
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
AST
an
aly
s
is
s
er
v
es
as
a
th
eo
r
etic
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
d
r
aws
o
n
co
n
ce
p
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
AST
as
o
u
tlin
ed
in
r
ef
er
en
ce
[
10
]
−
[
12
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
ain
ten
an
ce
s
u
p
er
v
is
es
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
a
n
ass
et
with
in
a
b
u
ild
in
g
'
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
tech
n
icia
n
v
er
if
ies
th
at
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
ass
et
co
m
p
lies
with
its
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
ician
m
ak
es
a
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
et
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
u
les.
T
h
e
tech
n
ician
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
co
n
d
u
cts
m
ain
ten
an
ce
at
a
le
v
el
th
at
r
esto
r
es
th
e
ass
et
to
its
s
t
an
d
ar
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
s
tr
e
am
lin
es
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
a
n
ass
et'
s
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
attr
ib
u
tes
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
b
ef
o
r
e
a
f
ailu
r
e
o
cc
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
ass
et'
s
d
ata.
T
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
s
u
p
er
v
is
es
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
a
n
ass
et
with
in
a
b
u
ild
in
g
'
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
tech
n
ician
v
er
if
ies
th
at
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
ass
et
co
m
p
lies
wit
h
its
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
ician
m
ak
es a
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
s
et
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
u
les.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
3
.
1
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n o
f
cr
it
ica
l
qu
a
litie
s
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
a
n
d
q
u
ality
ev
al
u
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
an
d
r
el
ev
an
ce
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es.
An
in
itial
p
o
o
l
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
was
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
ea
r
ch
es
o
f
s
elec
ted
d
ig
ital
lib
r
ar
ies
u
s
in
g
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
a
n
d
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
Sev
en
teen
ar
ticles
th
at
m
et
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
q
u
ality
a
p
p
r
aisal
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
APUPA
S
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ev
alu
ated
s
tu
d
ie
s
b
ased
o
n
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
ity
,
u
tili
ty
,
p
r
o
p
r
iety
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icity
.
E
ac
h
cr
iter
io
n
was
s
co
r
ed
o
n
a
th
r
ee
-
p
o
in
t scale
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
1
p
e
r
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
d
etailed
ap
p
r
aisal
cr
iter
ia
an
d
s
co
r
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
tab
le,
with
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
a
r
izin
g
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
T
a
b
le
2
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
y
s
co
r
es.
Stu
d
ies
ac
h
iev
in
g
an
o
v
e
r
all
s
co
r
e
o
f
1
4
o
r
h
i
g
h
er
,
with
o
u
t
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
lo
west
s
co
r
e
in
a
n
y
ass
ess
m
en
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
wer
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
.
Ar
ticles
th
at
s
co
r
ed
th
e
lo
west
v
al
u
e
in
an
y
cr
iter
io
n
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
d
u
e
to
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
r
ee
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
f
in
al
s
et
o
f
f
o
u
r
teen
ar
ticles
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
s
y
n
th
esis
.
T
h
is
q
u
ality
-
b
ased
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
o
n
ly
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
ca
lly
s
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
r
elev
a
n
t stu
d
i
es c
o
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t a
n
aly
s
is
,
th
er
eb
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iew
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
1
3
]
.
Qu
ality
ap
p
r
aisal
o
f
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies
:
t
h
is
tab
le
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
q
u
ality
ap
p
r
aisal
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
e
v
iew.
T
h
e
T
APUPAS
(
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
ity
,
u
tili
ty
,
p
r
o
p
r
iety
,
acces
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icity
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
was
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ic
al
q
u
ality
o
f
ea
ch
s
elec
ted
ar
ticle.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
q
u
alitativ
e,
q
u
an
titativ
e,
an
d
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
r
esear
ch
.
E
ac
h
s
tu
d
y
was
ass
ess
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
en
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
cr
iter
ia,
with
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
c
o
r
es
ass
ig
n
ed
o
n
a
th
r
ee
-
p
o
i
n
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
ar
ticle
was
2
1
.
Stu
d
ies
s
co
r
in
g
1
4
o
r
a
b
o
v
e,
with
o
u
t
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
l
o
west
s
co
r
e
in
an
y
c
r
iter
io
n
,
wer
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
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2
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P
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Pro
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ased
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i
o
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a
l
d
a
t
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
;
t
e
c
h
n
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l
o
g
y
-
su
p
p
o
r
t
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d
d
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c
i
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ma
k
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p
r
e
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c
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v
a
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O
u
t
c
o
m
e
(
O
)
W
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
t
h
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i
n
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r
v
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i
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H
o
w
w
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l
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si
t
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a
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e
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so
l
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H
o
w
c
a
n
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c
o
mes
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m
e
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s
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W
h
a
t
a
r
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t
h
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i
n
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e
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D
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
u
p
k
e
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p
e
x
p
e
n
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s;
f
e
w
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r
u
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x
p
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t
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d
f
a
i
l
u
r
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s
;
i
mp
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o
v
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d
a
sset
l
i
f
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c
y
c
l
e
;
o
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t
c
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m
e
s
m
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a
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r
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b
l
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t
h
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g
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c
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s
t
sa
v
i
n
g
s,
s
y
st
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m
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p
t
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me
,
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
r
e
c
o
r
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
7
8
2
-
7
9
0
786
3.
4
.
Co
din
g
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
ality
ap
p
r
aisa
l
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
es
s
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
s
y
n
t
h
esis
.
Sev
en
teen
ar
ticles
wer
e
in
itially
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
A
PUPAS
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ich
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
f
o
r
its
ap
p
licab
i
lity
ac
r
o
ss
q
u
alitativ
e,
q
u
an
ti
tativ
e,
an
d
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t c
r
iter
ia
an
d
s
co
r
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es a
r
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
in
tab
le
.
E
ac
h
s
tu
d
y
was
e
v
alu
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
q
u
ality
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
attain
ab
l
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
1
.
Stu
d
ies
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
c
u
m
u
l
ativ
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
1
4
o
r
h
ig
h
er
,
wi
th
o
u
t
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
th
e
lo
west
s
co
r
e
in
a
n
y
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
cr
iter
io
n
,
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
s
tu
d
ies
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
lo
west sco
r
e
in
at
least o
n
e
cr
iter
io
n
wer
e
e
x
clu
d
ed
d
u
e
t
o
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
v
alid
ity
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
c
ess
,
th
r
ee
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
f
in
al
s
et
o
f
f
o
u
r
tee
n
ar
ticles
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
em
p
lo
y
e
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
,
w
h
ile
a
s
m
aller
n
u
m
b
er
ad
o
p
ted
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
m
ix
ed
-
m
e
th
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
ef
lects
th
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
ce
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
e
v
alu
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es with
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
u
n
d
e
r
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
T
APUPAS
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
d
s
y
s
t
em
atic
m
ea
n
s
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
it
is
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
th
e
s
co
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
a
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
u
b
ject
iv
ity
.
T
o
m
itig
ate
p
o
ten
tial
b
ias,
ev
alu
atio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
ca
r
ef
u
l
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
to
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
c
r
iter
ia;
h
o
wev
er
,
s
u
b
jectiv
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
r
e
m
a
in
s
an
in
h
e
r
en
t lim
itatio
n
o
f
s
elf
-
r
ev
iew
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
aisal m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
in
itial
co
d
i
n
g
p
h
ase
in
v
o
lv
ed
ca
teg
o
r
izin
g
1
4
s
elec
ted
ar
ticles
u
s
in
g
a
to
tal
o
f
1
9
co
d
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
1
6
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
co
d
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
'
s
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e,
an
d
3
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
es
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
d
in
g
cy
cle
co
n
d
en
s
ed
t
h
ese
co
d
es
to
cr
ea
te
m
o
r
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
p
atter
n
s
an
d
co
m
m
o
n
tr
aits
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
en
tire
d
ataset.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
en
ta
iled
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
1
9
co
d
es
an
d
r
elate
d
ar
ticle
ex
ce
r
p
ts
to
s
ix
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
class
if
icatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
th
en
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
e
f
in
ed
a
n
d
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
in
to
th
r
ee
d
e
f
in
itiv
e
ca
t
eg
o
r
ies,
as
d
etailed
in
tab
le.
T
h
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
wer
e
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
AST
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Sald
an
a'
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
em
es
ar
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
ese
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
wh
ic
h
id
e
n
tify
p
atter
n
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
r
m
ea
n
in
g
s
with
in
th
e
d
ata
an
d
o
f
f
er
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
.
4.
T
H
E
O
RY
Ad
ap
tiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
t
h
eo
r
y
(
AST)
ex
am
in
es
h
o
w
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
ad
o
p
t
an
d
u
s
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
p
r
ac
tice.
DeSan
ctis
an
d
Po
o
le
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
AST
a
s
a
len
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
f
r
o
m
two
co
m
p
lem
en
t
ar
y
p
er
s
p
e
ctiv
es:
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
in
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
th
at
em
er
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
h
u
m
an
ac
to
r
s
with
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
u
s
er
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
co
n
te
x
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tic
es.
W
ith
in
th
e
AST
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
co
r
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
task
,
p
eo
p
le,
a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
r
o
les
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
[
1
8
]
−
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
y
in
cl
u
d
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es,
wh
ich
to
g
eth
er
ex
p
lain
h
o
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
al
r
o
u
tin
es
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
AST
h
as
b
ee
n
c
r
iticized
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tin
g
an
o
p
tim
is
tic
s
tan
ce
an
d
f
o
r
d
iv
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
An
t
h
o
n
y
Gid
d
en
s
’
o
r
i
g
in
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
,
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
De
s
p
ite
s
u
ch
cr
itiq
u
es,
AST
co
n
tin
u
es
to
b
e
wid
el
y
ap
p
lied
in
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
d
u
e
to
its
r
elev
an
ce
i
n
an
aly
zin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
m
ed
i
ated
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S
R
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
AST
a
n
d
th
e
C
I
MO
m
o
d
el,
as
well
as
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
a
l
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
"Ho
w
ca
n
AI
b
e
u
s
ed
with
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
O&
M
ex
p
en
s
es
in
f
ac
ilit
y
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
?"
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
liter
atu
r
e
.
I
n
t
eg
r
atin
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
f
ac
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
en
h
a
n
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
al
e
f
f
i
cien
cy
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
ea
r
ly
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
s
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
cy
cle
an
d
d
ig
ital
twin
m
o
d
els
h
elp
in
v
is
u
alizin
g
s
y
s
tem
h
e
alth
an
d
d
etec
tin
g
in
itial
s
i
g
n
s
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as a
ir
h
an
d
lin
g
u
n
its
.
R
esear
ch
also
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
to
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
es,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ec
is
i
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
b
ias an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
ev
alu
atio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ep
air
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t
p
lan
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
f
a
cilitate
r
e
d
u
ce
d
lab
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
wa
r
r
an
ted
r
ep
lace
m
en
ts
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
af
ety
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
ely
war
n
in
g
s
.
Sch
ed
u
lin
g
r
e
p
air
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
i
o
d
s
o
f
lo
w
d
em
an
d
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
tech
n
ician
s
p
r
e
p
a
r
ed
with
p
r
ec
is
e
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
ain
t
en
an
ce
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
p
r
ed
ictive
ma
in
te
n
a
n
ce
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies b
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
…
(
Th
i
p
p
esw
a
my
G.
N
)
787
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
d
o
wn
tim
e.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
d
elin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
also
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
m
ec
h
an
ical,
elec
tr
ical,
an
d
p
lu
m
b
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
lead
i
n
g
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
wh
en
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
s
tr
ateg
ically
,
r
esu
lt
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
y
s
tem
u
p
tim
e,
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
o
wn
tim
e,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
i
cien
t
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
ac
ilit
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
C
E
R
Qu
al
p
r
o
v
id
es a
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
[
23
]
−
[
2
5
]
.
T
o
estab
lis
h
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
in
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
C
E
R
Q
u
al
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
cr
i
tical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
ass
ess
th
e
g
r
a
d
in
g
c
r
iter
ia:
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
,
co
h
er
en
c
e,
d
ata
ad
eq
u
ac
y
,
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
e
C
E
R
Qu
al
ter
m
s
an
d
g
r
ad
i
n
g
cr
iter
ia
a
r
e
d
etai
led
in
tab
le
.
T
h
e
C
E
R
Qu
al
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
ea
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
is
R
E
A,
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
tab
le
.
T
h
e
C
E
R
Qu
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
ass
ig
n
s
m
o
d
e
r
ate
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
els
to
f
in
d
in
g
s
1
,
2
,
an
d
3
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
atin
g
is
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
ality
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iew
q
u
esti
o
n
.
All
1
4
ar
ticles
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
,
ar
e
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
an
d
h
av
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew.
Hen
ce
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
ca
u
s
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
ce
r
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
ar
ticles
o
r
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
Facility
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
ev
o
lv
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
,
wh
ich
is
p
r
o
v
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
o
p
tim
izin
g
O&
M
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
l
iter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ea
ls
m
u
ltip
le
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
o
f
AI
in
m
an
ag
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
y
s
tem
s
with
in
f
ac
i
lity
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
o
p
er
ate
in
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
ad
a
p
tiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
,
wh
er
e
AI
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ee
p
lea
r
n
i
n
g
,
AI
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
o
b
s
er
v
es
s
y
s
tem
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
id
en
tifie
s
a
n
o
m
alies,
in
itiat
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
s
o
r
aler
tin
g
tech
n
ician
s
with
s
u
g
g
ested
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
.
W
h
en
f
u
lly
in
te
g
r
ated
,
AI
ca
n
m
an
ag
e
en
tire
f
ac
ilit
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e,
an
d
is
s
u
e
au
to
m
ated
wo
r
k
o
r
d
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
C
MM
S.
I
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
d
o
wn
tim
e,
ex
ten
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
life
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
u
s
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
lea
r
n
s
an
d
ad
ap
ts
f
r
o
m
d
ata,
h
elp
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
e
r
s
ac
t
o
n
ac
cu
r
ate
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
AI
’
s
r
o
le
in
an
aly
zin
g
wo
r
k
o
r
d
er
s
,
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
task
s
,
an
d
ad
ju
s
tin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
m
in
im
izes
m
an
u
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
s
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
f
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
es,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
s
taf
f
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
.
I
n
f
ac
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AI
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tar
ted
with
lim
ited
,
tar
g
ete
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
th
en
aim
to
ac
h
iev
e
am
b
itio
u
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
g
o
als,
as
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
o
n
ly
s
p
ec
if
ic
AI
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
h
av
e
s
o
f
ar
s
h
o
w
n
p
r
o
v
en
ef
f
icie
n
cy
a
n
d
co
s
t
-
s
av
in
g
p
o
ten
tial
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
A
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
tr
an
s
itio
n
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
n
war
r
an
ted
d
u
e
to
is
s
u
es
lik
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
d
ata
to
tr
ain
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
a
s
ca
r
city
o
f
d
etailed
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
a
u
lt
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
I
n
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
f
u
ll
au
to
m
atio
n
is
n
o
t
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
a
p
ar
tially
au
to
m
ated
,
s
en
s
o
r
-
d
r
iv
en
s
y
s
tem
lin
k
ed
to
a
b
u
ild
i
n
g
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
in
s
talled
to
tr
ac
k
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
.
AI
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
r
iv
en
b
y
a
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
-
wid
e
ef
f
o
r
t,
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
s
en
io
r
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
E
x
e
cu
tiv
e
lead
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
c
r
ea
te
a
b
u
s
in
ess
ch
ar
ter
to
s
teer
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
r
is
k
s
,
alig
n
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
an
d
estab
lis
h
d
ata
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
p
o
licies
an
d
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
m
p
eten
cies.
Fin
al
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
t
h
eo
r
y
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fin
al
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
eo
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
7
8
2
-
7
9
0
788
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
h
o
w
AI
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
with
p
r
e
d
ic
tiv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ex
p
en
s
es
lin
k
ed
to
O&
M
in
f
ac
ilit
y
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
ac
ad
em
ic
r
esear
ch
o
n
a
d
o
p
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5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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52
In
d
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J
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C
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m
p
Sci
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Vo
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41
,
No
.
2
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S
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jay
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m
b
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it
.
a
c
.
in
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.