I
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S
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n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
V
ol
.
15
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2026
, pp.
615
~
62
7
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
i.
v
15
.i
1
.pp
615
-
62
7
615
Jou
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page
:
ht
tp
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s
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F
a
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e
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e
, U
ni
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nr
e
ng R
a
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i
dr
a
p, I
ndone
s
i
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e
pa
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e
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of
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nf
or
m
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e
c
hnol
ogy, F
a
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ng
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ni
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s
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i
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ka
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r
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ndone
s
i
a
A
r
t
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le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
O
c
t
1
,
2025
R
e
vi
s
e
d
D
e
c
29
,
2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
a
n
22
,
2026
Reliable,
explaina
ble
crop
-
yield
estimates
are
essential
for
food
-
security
planning
in
data
-
sparse
regions.
We
present
a
transparent
pipeli
ne
for
district
-
level (
regency
) rice yield
prediction
in
Indonesia th
at fu
ses
Se
n
tinel
-
1
synthetic
aperture
radar
(SAR),
Sentine
l
-
2
normalized
diffe
rence
veg
etation
index
(NDVI),
and
weather/reanalysi
s
features.
The
system
stand
ardizes
inputs
per
province,
fixes
a
16
-
day
temporal
key,
and
uses
a
small,
au
ditable
ensemble
of
tree
models
(
gradient
boosting
+
light
gradient
-
b
oosting
m
achine
(
LightGBM
)
).
Trained
on
≤
2023
data
and
evaluated
on
a
2024
te
mporal
hold
-
out,
a
joint
West
Java
∪
South
Sulawesi
model
achieves
root
mean
square
error
(
RMSE
)
≈
0.80
t/ha,
mean
absolute
error
(
MAE
)
≈
0.48
t/h
a,
and
R
-
squared
(
R²
)
≈
0.33
at
regency
scale.
Feature
importances
and
S
hapley
additiv
e
explanati
ons
(
SHAP
)
confirm
that
phenolog
y
(NDVI
peak,
integral
,
green
-
up/senescence),
SAR
backscatter
(
vertical
transmit
-
v
ertical
receive
/
vertical
transmit
-
horizontal
receive
(
VV/VH
)
),
and
wind/pr
essure
are
consistent
drivers
under
monsoon
conditions.
The
workflow
su
pports
routine,
one
-
click
provincial
updates
and
produces
parity
maps
an
d
error
bars
for
actionable
diagnostics.
These
results
demonstrate
that
com
bining
Sentine
l
-
1,
Sentine
l
-
2,
and
basic
meteorology
delivers
ac
curate,
interpreta
ble,
and
operationa
l
yield
signals
suited
to
Indonesia’
s
food
-
security
needs,
while
providing
a
cle
ar
recipe
for
scaling
to
add
itional
provinces.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
R
A
5
-
la
nd
E
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
F
ood s
e
c
ur
it
y
R
ic
e
yi
e
ld
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
S
e
nt
in
e
l
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
D
hi
m
a
s
T
r
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nf
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a
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a
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ka
de
m
i
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kr
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ta
r
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M
a
na
je
m
e
n I
ndone
s
ia
P
ubl
ik
M
a
c
c
in
i
T
e
nga
h N
o.50
-
54, M
a
k
a
s
s
a
r
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out
h S
ul
a
w
e
s
i,
I
ndone
s
i
a
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90144
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m
a
il
:
d.t
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ys
te
m
s
th
a
t
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f
or
m
e
a
r
ly
a
c
ti
on
a
nd
pol
ic
y
t
a
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ge
ti
ng.
S
a
te
ll
it
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s
in
th
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C
ope
r
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a
m
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pe
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e
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C
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ti
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pe
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pe
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tr
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out
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m
por
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c
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la
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c
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pe
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s
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h
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m
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ve
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a
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n c
oi
nc
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s
w
it
h c
lo
udy mons
oon p
e
r
io
ds
[
1]
–
[
3]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
, V
ol
.
15
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
26
:
615
-
627
616
A
pe
r
s
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ps
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r
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w
it
h
in
c
id
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ngl
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gr
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xpl
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s
[
4]
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[
9]
.
T
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ddr
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s
s
th
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s
e
ga
ps
,
r
e
c
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w
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k
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s
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dva
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d
:
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f
us
io
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o
f
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in
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pa
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phe
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e
.g.,
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ddi
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on
s
(
S
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he
lp
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te
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nc
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nd t
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t
f
or
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ke
r
s
[
4]
, [
6]
,
[
7]
, [
10]
–
[
16]
.
I
n
th
is
pa
pe
r
,
w
e
de
ve
lo
p
a
n
e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
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c
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os
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ode
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s
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R
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m
e
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phe
nol
ogy,
a
nd
w
e
a
th
e
r
r
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a
n
a
ly
s
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s
.
O
ur
a
ppr
oa
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h
e
m
ph
a
s
iz
e
s
:
i
)
s
e
ns
or
f
us
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n
to
m
it
ig
a
te
c
lo
ud
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r
e
la
te
d
m
is
s
in
gne
s
s
a
nd
le
ve
r
a
g
e
c
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y;
ii
)
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
a
w
a
r
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
om
pa
c
t
e
ngi
ne
e
r
e
d
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
(
e
.g.,
s
e
a
s
on
l
e
ngt
h
a
nd
pr
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
s
)
to
s
uppor
t
out
-
of
-
pr
ov
in
c
e
ge
ne
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on;
a
nd
iii
)
pos
t
-
hoc
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
(
gl
oba
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
a
nd
S
H
A
P
)
to
qua
nt
if
y
w
hi
c
h
va
r
ia
bl
e
s
dr
iv
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
ons
a
c
r
os
s
r
e
gi
on
s
a
n
d
s
e
a
s
ons
.
W
e
de
m
on
s
tr
a
te
a
nd
v
a
li
da
te
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
us
in
g
m
ul
ti
-
ye
a
r
da
ta
f
or
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
a
nd
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
two
m
a
jo
r
r
ic
e
r
e
gi
ons
th
e
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
dom
a
in
s
hi
f
t
a
nd c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gi
ona
l
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
[
4]
–
[
6]
,
[
10
]
–
[
13]
,
[
16
]
–
[
20]
.
O
ur
c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
ns
a
r
e
th
r
e
e
f
ol
d.
F
ir
s
t,
w
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
f
us
io
n
pi
pe
li
ne
th
a
t
jo
in
tl
y
e
xpl
oi
ts
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
a
nd
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
f
or
yi
e
ld
m
ode
li
ng
w
it
h
r
e
s
il
ie
nt
te
m
por
a
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
,
de
s
ig
ne
d
f
or
op
e
r
a
ti
ona
l
us
e
in
c
lo
udy
m
ons
oon
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
.
S
e
c
ond,
w
e
qua
nt
if
y
c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gi
ona
l
r
obus
tn
e
s
s
vi
a
tr
a
in
/v
a
li
da
ti
on
s
pl
it
s
a
c
r
os
s
pr
ovi
nc
e
s
a
nd
r
e
por
t
pa
r
it
y
pl
ot
s
a
nd
pe
r
-
di
s
tr
ic
t
e
r
r
or
d
ia
gnos
ti
c
s
to
hi
ghl
ig
ht
w
he
r
e
a
nd
w
hy
m
ode
ls
s
uc
c
e
e
d
or
f
a
il
.
T
hi
r
d,
w
e
pr
ovi
de
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nt
e
xpl
a
na
ti
ons
of
m
ode
l
be
ha
vi
or
c
r
uc
ia
l
f
or
f
ood
-
s
e
c
ur
it
y
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
by
r
e
le
a
s
in
g
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
ta
bl
e
s
a
nd
S
H
A
P
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
ons
th
a
t
a
tt
r
ib
ut
e
yi
e
ld
s
ig
na
ls
to
N
D
V
I
phe
nol
ogy,
S
A
R
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
,
a
nd
w
e
a
th
e
r
va
r
ia
bi
li
ty
.
T
oge
th
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
e
le
m
e
nt
s
m
ove
to
w
a
r
d
s
c
a
la
bl
e
,
e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
s
a
te
ll
it
e
-
ba
s
e
d r
ic
e
yi
e
ld
e
s
ti
m
a
ti
on t
o s
uppor
t
f
ood
-
s
e
c
ur
it
y m
oni
to
r
in
g.
R
e
c
e
nt
w
or
k
s
how
s
th
a
t
s
a
te
ll
it
e
ti
m
e
-
s
e
r
ie
s
c
om
bi
ne
d
w
it
h
w
e
a
th
e
r
r
e
a
na
ly
s
e
s
c
a
n
e
xpl
a
in
a
la
r
ge
f
r
a
c
ti
on of
r
ic
e
yi
e
ld
va
r
ia
bi
li
ty
.
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2 ve
ge
ta
ti
on me
tr
ic
s
(
e
.g., ND
V
I
a
nd i
ts
phe
nol
ogy f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
)
r
e
m
a
in
a
s
tr
ong
ba
s
e
li
ne
f
or
c
r
op
gr
ow
th
m
oni
to
r
in
g,
w
hi
le
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
C
-
ba
nd
s
a
r
a
dds
c
lo
ud
-
pr
oof
s
e
ns
it
iv
it
y
to
c
a
nopy
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
nd
s
ur
f
a
c
e
m
oi
s
tu
r
e
c
r
it
ic
a
l
in
hum
id
tr
opi
c
s
.
O
n
th
e
m
e
th
odol
ogi
c
a
l
s
id
e
,
ML
r
e
gr
e
s
s
or
s
(
gr
a
di
e
nt
boos
ti
ng,
r
a
ndom
f
or
e
s
ts
(
R
F
s
)
,
s
uppor
t
ve
c
to
r
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
(
S
V
R
)
)
a
nd
tr
e
e
-
ba
s
e
d
S
H
A
P
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bi
li
ty
now
dom
in
a
te
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
s
tu
di
e
s
,
of
te
n
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
on
G
E
E
a
nd
f
if
th
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
E
u
r
ope
a
n
r
e
a
na
ly
s
is
la
nd
(
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd
)
w
e
a
th
e
r
f
or
c
in
gs
f
or
s
c
a
la
bl
e
pi
pe
li
ne
s
[
21]
–
[
25]
.
T
oge
th
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
in
gr
e
di
e
nt
s
ha
ve
m
a
tu
r
e
d
in
to
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l,
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
s
c
a
le
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
a
t
m
ove
be
yond
s
ta
ti
c
m
a
ppi
ng
to
e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
yi
e
ld
e
s
ti
m
a
ti
on.
Z
oom
in
g
in
to
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
,
m
ul
ti
-
s
e
ns
or
r
ic
e
m
a
ppi
ng
a
nd
s
ta
ge
de
te
c
ti
on
us
in
g
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
ti
m
e
s
e
r
ie
s
h
a
ve
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
r
e
li
a
bl
e
phe
nol
ogi
c
a
l
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
on
a
c
r
os
s
m
ons
oon
r
e
gi
m
e
s
,
w
it
h
r
e
c
e
nt
s
tu
di
e
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
in
g
r
obus
t
de
te
c
ti
on
of
tr
a
ns
pl
a
nt
in
g,
ve
ge
ta
ti
ve
,
a
nd
he
a
di
ng
s
ta
ge
s
f
r
om
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
tr
a
je
c
to
r
ie
s
;
f
us
in
g
th
e
s
e
w
it
h
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
N
D
V
I
ty
pi
c
a
ll
y
im
pr
ove
s
s
pa
ti
a
l
de
ta
il
w
he
r
e
c
lo
uds
a
ll
ow
[
26]
,
[
27]
.
f
o
r
yi
e
ld
m
ode
li
ng,
gr
a
di
e
nt
-
boos
ti
ng
e
ns
e
m
bl
e
s
tr
a
in
e
d
on
phe
nol
ogy
-
a
w
a
r
e
in
di
c
e
s
(
pe
a
k
N
D
V
I
,
in
te
gr
a
l/
a
r
e
a
und
e
r
th
e
c
ur
ve
,
a
nd
s
e
a
s
on
le
ngt
h)
pl
us
hydr
om
e
te
or
ol
ogi
c
a
l
c
ova
r
ia
te
s
(
pr
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on
to
ta
ls
,
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
e
a
ns
,
a
nd
w
in
d/
hum
id
it
y)
c
ons
is
te
nt
ly
out
pe
r
f
or
m
li
ne
a
r
ba
s
e
li
ne
s
,
w
hi
le
S
H
A
P
a
na
ly
s
e
s
c
la
r
if
y
w
hi
c
h
s
ig
na
ls
dom
in
a
te
a
c
r
os
s
s
e
a
s
on
s
a
nd
lo
c
a
le
s
[
23]
,
[
28]
,
[
29]
.
W
it
h
in
I
ndone
s
ia
,
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
ba
s
e
d
r
ic
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
ha
s
a
c
c
e
le
r
a
te
d
in
th
e
la
s
t
f
iv
e
ye
a
r
s
.
s
tu
di
e
s
us
in
g
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
phe
nol
ogy
ha
ve
tr
a
c
ke
d
pa
ddy
gr
ow
th
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
vi
ty
pr
oxi
e
s
in
J
a
va
,
w
hi
le
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
ti
m
e
-
s
e
r
ie
s
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
ons
ha
ve
be
e
n
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
in
S
um
a
tr
a
a
nd
a
c
r
os
s
th
e
a
r
c
hi
pe
la
go’
s
m
on
s
oon
dom
a
in
s
[
26]
,
[
30]
–
[
32]
.
G
E
E
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
ons
ta
il
or
e
d
to
I
ndone
s
ia
n
c
a
le
nda
r
s
(
M
T
1/
M
T
2/
M
T
3)
a
nd
r
e
a
na
ly
s
is
-
ba
s
e
d
m
oi
s
tu
r
e
/wi
nd
r
e
gi
m
e
s
s
how
th
a
t
jo
in
tl
y
m
ode
li
ng
gr
e
e
nne
s
s
dyna
m
ic
s
(
N
D
V
I
pe
a
k
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
l)
a
nd
S
A
R
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
im
pr
ove
s
s
ta
g
e
di
s
c
r
im
in
a
ti
on
a
nd
dow
ns
tr
e
a
m
yi
e
ld
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n,
e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
dur
in
g
c
lo
ud
-
obs
c
ur
e
d
pe
r
io
ds
[
22]
,
[
24]
,
[
26]
,
[
31
]
.
T
he
s
e
pi
pe
li
ne
s
e
m
pha
s
iz
e
r
e
pr
oduc
ib
il
it
y a
nd s
c
a
la
bi
li
ty
ne
e
de
d by pr
ovi
nc
ia
l
a
ge
nc
ie
s
.
T
w
o
r
e
gi
ona
l
c
ont
e
xt
s
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
bot
h
pr
om
is
e
a
nd
ga
ps
.
I
n
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
(
J
a
w
a
B
a
r
a
t;
J
A
B
A
R
)
,
in
te
ns
iv
e
double
-
c
r
oppi
ng
a
nd
ir
r
ig
a
ti
on
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
pr
odu
c
e
s
tr
ong
N
D
V
I
a
m
pl
it
ude
s
a
nd
s
ta
bl
e
S
A
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8938
E
x
pl
ai
nabl
e
r
ic
e
y
ie
ld
f
r
om
Se
nt
in
e
l
-
1 and Se
nt
in
e
l
-
2 s
at
e
ll
it
e
d
at
a f
or
f
ood s
e
c
ur
it
y
(
D
hi
m
a
s
T
r
ib
uana
)
617
r
e
s
pons
e
s
;
ML
m
ode
ls
tr
a
in
e
d
w
it
h
phe
nol
ogy
-
a
w
a
r
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
a
c
hi
e
v
e
s
ol
id
va
li
da
ti
on
a
nd
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bl
e
dr
iv
e
r
s
(
e
.g.,
N
D
V
I
pe
a
k
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
l,
pr
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on
lo
g
-
s
um
s
)
,
a
li
gni
ng
w
it
h
pr
io
r
J
a
va
-
ba
s
e
d
f
in
di
ngs
[
23]
,
[
30]
,
[
31]
.
I
n
S
out
h
S
u
la
w
e
s
i
(
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
S
e
la
ta
n;
S
U
L
S
E
L
)
w
it
h
m
ix
e
d
r
a
in
f
e
d/
ir
r
ig
a
te
d
s
ys
te
m
s
a
nd
di
s
ti
nc
t
w
in
d/
hum
id
it
y
r
e
gi
m
e
s
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
a
nd
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd
w
in
d/
hum
id
it
y
e
m
e
r
ge
a
s
c
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
pr
e
di
c
to
r
s
w
he
r
e
pe
r
s
i
s
te
nt
c
lo
udi
ng
r
e
duc
e
s
opt
ic
a
l
de
n
s
it
y,
c
ons
is
te
nt
w
it
h
r
e
gi
ona
l
S
A
R
-
le
d
r
e
s
ul
ts
in
I
ndone
s
ia
’
s
m
ons
oon
e
a
s
t
[
26]
,
[
32]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
c
r
os
s
-
pr
ovi
nc
e
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
of
te
n
de
gr
a
de
s
w
it
hout
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
a
li
gnm
e
nt
a
nd
pr
ovi
nc
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
,
m
ot
iv
a
ti
ng
th
e
c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gi
ona
l,
e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
a
ppr
oa
c
h
a
dopt
e
d
he
r
e
[
28]
, [
29]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
m
a
ke
th
e
s
tu
dy
f
ul
ly
r
e
pr
oduc
ib
le
,
our
w
or
k
f
lo
w
f
ol
lo
w
s
ni
ne
s
e
que
nt
ia
l
s
ta
ge
s
f
r
om
r
a
w
da
ta
to
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
le
ve
l
r
e
por
ti
ng s
um
m
a
r
iz
e
d i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
.
T
he
s
e
s
ta
ge
s
in
c
lu
de
:
i
)
da
ta
a
c
qui
s
it
io
n i
n
G
E
E
(
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
N
D
V
I
,
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
tr
a
ns
m
it
-
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
r
e
c
e
iv
e
/v
e
r
ti
c
a
l
t
r
a
ns
m
it
-
hor
iz
ont
a
l
r
e
c
e
iv
e
(
V
V
/VH
)
,
s
ta
ti
on
w
e
a
th
e
r
,
a
nd
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd)
;
ii
)
pe
r
-
s
our
c
e
c
le
a
ni
ng
(
I
D
/d
a
te
nor
m
a
li
z
a
ti
on
a
nd
num
e
r
ic
de
c
ont
a
m
in
a
ti
on)
;
iii
)
te
m
por
a
l
ha
r
m
oni
z
a
ti
on
to
a
c
om
m
on
16
-
da
y
ke
y
(
bi
n16)
;
iv
)
a
nnua
l
a
ggr
e
ga
ti
on
w
it
h
li
ght
m
e
di
a
n
-
pe
r
-
r
e
gi
on
im
put
a
ti
on
,
v
)
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
(
N
D
V
I
in
te
gr
a
l/
pe
a
k/
phe
nol
ogy,
r
a
in
f
a
ll
lo
g
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
,
a
nd
w
in
d
e
m
be
ddi
ngs
)
;
vi
)
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on
us
in
g
tr
a
in
in
g
-
onl
y
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
a
nd
a
pr
ovi
nc
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
;
vi
i
)
m
ode
l
tr
a
in
in
g/
s
e
le
c
ti
on
R
id
ge
,
S
V
R
,
R
F
,
gr
a
di
e
nt
boos
ti
ng
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n
(
G
B
R
)
,
li
ght
gr
a
di
e
nt
-
boos
ti
ng
m
a
c
hi
ne
/
e
xt
r
e
m
e
gr
a
di
e
nt
boos
ti
ng
(
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
/XG
B
oos
t
)
w
it
h
a
2024 te
m
por
a
l
hol
d
-
out
;
vi
ii
)
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
(
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
s
a
nd
S
H
A
P
w
he
r
e
a
va
il
a
bl
e
)
a
nd
va
li
da
ti
on;
a
nd
i
x
)
2024
in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
w
it
h
r
e
ge
nc
y
-
le
ve
l
pa
r
it
y/
r
oot
m
e
a
n s
qua
r
e
d e
r
r
or
(
R
M
S
E
)
r
e
po
r
ti
ng a
nd ma
p vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on.
F
ig
ur
e
1. E
nd
-
to
-
e
nd w
or
kf
lo
w
W
e
a
dopt
a
c
hr
onol
ogi
c
a
l
de
s
ig
n s
pa
nni
ng t
w
o a
gr
o
-
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
ll
y di
s
ti
nc
t
I
ndone
s
ia
n pr
ovi
nc
e
s
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
a
nd
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
to
te
s
t
c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gi
ona
l
ge
ne
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on
w
hi
le
pr
e
s
e
r
vi
ng
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bi
li
ty
.
T
he
ove
r
a
ll
w
or
kf
lo
w
a
s
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
1
be
gi
ns
w
it
h
G
E
E
r
e
tr
ie
va
l
of
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
s
ur
f
a
c
e
r
e
f
le
c
ta
n
c
e
(
f
or
N
D
V
I
)
a
nd
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1 C
-
ba
nd S
A
R
(
V
V
/VH
)
, pl
us
w
e
a
th
e
r
a
nd
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd r
e
a
na
ly
s
is
, f
ol
lo
w
e
d by
r
obus
t
te
m
por
a
l
bi
nni
ng
a
t
a
16
-
da
y
c
a
d
e
nc
e
,
c
r
os
s
-
s
our
c
e
ha
r
m
oni
z
a
ti
on
on
a
s
ha
r
e
d
te
m
por
a
l
k
e
y,
ye
a
r
ly
a
ggr
e
ga
ti
on
w
it
h
li
ght
im
put
a
ti
on,
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
(
in
c
lu
di
ng
phe
nol
ogy
m
a
r
ke
r
s
)
,
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
a
w
a
r
e
s
t
a
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on,
m
ode
l
tr
a
in
in
g
a
nd
s
e
le
c
ti
on
(
R
id
g
e
,
S
V
R
,
RF
,
gr
a
di
e
nt
boos
ti
ng
,
a
nd
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
/XG
B
oos
t)
,
a
nd
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
vi
a
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
s
a
nd
S
H
A
P
.
T
o
or
ie
nt
th
e
r
e
a
d
e
r
,
F
ig
ur
e
2
m
a
ps
th
e
s
tu
dy
a
r
e
a
s
a
nd
a
dm
in
i
s
tr
a
ti
v
e
uni
ts
us
e
d
f
or
r
e
gi
o
na
l
a
g
gr
e
g
a
ti
on:
F
ig
ur
e
2(
a
)
s
ho
w
s
W
e
s
t
J
a
v
a
a
nd
F
ig
ur
e
2(
b)
s
how
s
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i.
T
a
bl
e
s
1
-
3
s
um
m
a
r
iz
e
t
he
r
e
c
or
d c
ount
s
a
nd f
e
a
tu
r
e
r
a
nge
s
(
2020
–
2024)
.
A
ll
s
a
te
ll
it
e
in
put
s
a
r
e
ope
n
a
nd
r
e
pr
oduc
ib
le
.
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
(
10
m
,
m
ul
ti
s
pe
c
tr
a
l
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
(
M
S
I
)
)
s
c
e
ne
s
a
r
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
in
G
E
E
w
it
h
s
ta
nda
r
d
c
lo
ud/
qua
li
ty
-
a
s
s
ur
e
d
(
QA
)
f
il
te
r
in
g
to
de
r
iv
e
N
D
V
I
pe
r
obs
e
r
va
ti
on;
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
in
te
r
f
e
r
om
e
tr
ic
w
id
e
s
w
a
th
(
IW
)
g
r
ound
r
a
nge
de
te
c
te
d
(
G
R
D
)
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
is
te
r
r
a
in
-
c
or
r
e
c
te
d
a
nd
c
onve
r
te
d
to
dB
f
or
V
V
a
nd
V
H
c
ha
nne
ls
.
W
e
a
th
e
r
(
ta
vg,
tm
in
,
tm
a
x,
pr
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on
,
w
in
d,
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
,
hum
id
it
y,
a
nd
s
un
s
hi
ne
)
is
c
om
pi
le
d
f
r
om
a
va
il
a
bl
e
s
ta
ti
on
-
li
ke
s
our
c
e
s
,
w
hi
le
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd
D
a
t
a
A
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
•
G
E
E
:
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2
N
D
V
I,
S
1
V
V
/
V
H
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ea
t
h
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E
R
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5
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L
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n
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Cl
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I
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I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
, V
ol
.
15
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
26
:
615
-
627
618
pr
ovi
de
s
c
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
10
-
m
w
in
d
s
pe
e
d,
m
a
xi
m
um
w
in
d,
m
e
a
n
w
in
d
di
r
e
c
ti
on,
a
nd
2
-
m
r
e
la
ti
ve
hum
id
i
ty
a
t
da
il
y
r
e
s
ol
ut
io
n,
la
t
e
r
ha
r
m
oni
z
e
d
to
th
e
16
-
da
y
gr
id
.
A
nnua
l
la
be
ls
(
yi
e
ld
in
t/
ha
,
ha
r
ve
s
te
d
a
r
e
a
in
ha
,
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on
in
G
g
)
c
om
e
f
r
om
pr
ovi
nc
ia
l
B
a
da
n
P
us
a
t
S
ta
ti
s
ti
k
(
B
P
S
)
;
w
he
r
e
pr
oduc
ti
on
is
m
is
s
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g,
it
is
r
e
c
ons
tr
uc
te
d de
te
r
m
in
is
ti
c
a
ll
y f
r
om
yi
e
ld
a
nd a
r
e
a
a
s
not
e
d i
n
T
a
bl
e
1. T
o e
ns
ur
e
pe
r
f
e
c
t
te
m
por
a
l
a
li
gnm
e
nt
a
c
r
os
s
s
our
c
e
s
,
e
a
c
h
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
da
te
is
a
s
s
ig
ne
d
to
a
16
-
da
y
i
nde
x
(
“
bi
n16”
)
us
in
g
th
e
a
nc
hor
2000
-
01
-
01;
W
e
de
f
in
e
t
he
16
-
da
y t
e
m
por
a
l
ke
y (
“
bi
n16”
)
i
n (
1)
.
16
=
⌊
−
16
⌋
(
1)
I
n (
1)
,
is
t
he
obs
e
r
va
ti
on da
te
(
U
T
C
)
, A
N
C
H
O
R
i
s
2000
-
01
-
01, a
nd
⌊⋅
⌋
is
t
he
f
lo
or
ope
r
a
to
r
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
S
tu
dy a
r
e
a
s
a
nd a
dm
in
is
tr
a
ti
ve
uni
ts
of
(
a
)
W
e
s
t
J
a
v
a
a
nd
(
b)
S
out
h S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
T
a
bl
e
1.
S
tu
dy
a
r
e
a
s
a
nd yie
ld
s
um
m
a
r
y
(
2020
-
2024)
P
r
ovi
nc
e
R
e
gi
ons
S
a
m
pl
e
s
Y
e
a
r
_m
i
n
Y
e
a
r
_m
a
x
M
e
a
n Y
S
D
Y
M
i
n Y
M
a
x Y
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
27
135
2020
2024
5.61
0.52
4.11
7.22
S
out
h S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
24
120
2020
2024
4.95
1.03
0.45
9.82
T
a
bl
e
2.
R
e
m
ot
e
-
s
e
ns
in
g f
e
a
tu
r
e
a
v
a
il
a
bi
li
ty
P
r
ovi
nc
e
R
e
gi
ons
S
a
m
pl
e
s
A
va
i
l
N
D
V
I
s
m
oot
h m
e
a
n
A
va
i
l
V
V
dB
m
e
a
n
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va
i
l
V
H
dB
m
e
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n
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y
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f
r
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Se
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l
-
1 and Se
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l
-
2 s
at
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it
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d
at
a f
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D
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619
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T
h
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f
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dur
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s
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m
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m
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p
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w
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th
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h
da
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f
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t
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d
m
ont
h
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f
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s
t
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e
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ti
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s
,
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l
l
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m
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ic
f
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ld
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y
s
tr
i
ppi
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g
s
p
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s
s
e
p
a
r
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to
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s
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d
pr
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s
e
r
vi
ng
t
he
r
ig
ht
m
o
s
t
d
e
c
i
m
a
l
p
oi
n
t.
S
ub
s
e
q
ue
nt
j
oi
ns
a
r
e
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
on
th
e
c
om
po
s
it
e
ke
y
(
r
e
gi
on
_i
d
,
b
in
1
6)
.
A
f
t
e
r
a
s
s
e
m
bl
i
ng
1
6
-
d
a
y s
e
r
i
e
s
,
w
e
a
g
gr
e
ga
te
ye
a
r
l
y
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
pe
r
(
r
e
gi
on_i
d, ye
a
r
)
.
F
or
N
D
V
I
w
e
c
om
put
e
t
he
ye
a
r
l
y
m
e
a
n,
m
a
xi
m
um
,
a
n
d
a
n
in
t
e
g
r
a
l
a
s
f
or
m
a
li
z
e
d i
n (
2)
u
s
in
g
t
r
a
p
e
z
oi
da
l
s
u
m
m
a
ti
o
n
a
c
r
o
s
s
16
-
d
a
y
s
t
e
p
s
:
_
≈
∑
+
+
1
2
×
16
(
2)
I
n
(
2)
,
N
D
V
I
is
th
e
s
m
oot
he
d
N
D
V
I
a
t
16
-
da
y
in
de
x
t
a
nd
t
he
f
a
c
to
r
16
is
th
e
bi
n
w
id
th
(
da
ys
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.
P
he
nol
ogy
m
a
r
ke
r
s
a
r
e
th
e
n
e
xt
r
a
c
te
d
f
r
om
th
e
s
m
oot
he
d
pr
of
il
e
:
th
e
da
y
of
ye
a
r
(
D
O
Y
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of
gr
e
e
n
-
up
ons
e
t,
pe
a
k, a
nd s
e
n
e
s
c
e
nc
e
. W
e
de
f
in
e
s
e
a
s
on l
e
ngt
h i
n (
3)
.
_
ℎ
=
_
_
−
_
_
(
3)
F
or
m
e
te
or
ol
og
y
a
nd
r
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
c
om
put
e
y
e
a
r
ly
t
o
ta
l
s
(
e
.g
.,
pr
c
p_
s
um
)
a
n
d
m
e
a
ns
(
e
.
g.,
ta
vg_
m
e
a
n
,
w
s
pd_
m
e
a
n)
,
a
nd
w
e
e
nc
od
e
w
i
nd
di
r
e
c
ti
o
n
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
vi
a
s
in
e
/
c
o
s
i
ne
e
m
be
ddi
ng
s
t
o
a
voi
d
c
ir
c
ul
a
r
di
s
c
on
ti
n
ui
t
ie
s
.
R
a
in
f
a
ll
s
k
e
w
i
s
h
a
n
dl
e
d
w
i
th
a
s
ta
bi
l
iz
e
d t
r
a
n
s
f
or
m
a
n
no
un
c
e
d h
e
r
e
a
n
d d
e
f
i
n
e
d
in
(
4)
.
_
_
=
(
1
+
_
)
(
4)
H
e
r
e
ln
is
t
he
na
tu
r
a
l
lo
ga
r
it
hm
, a
nd
pr
c
p_s
u
m
is
t
he
a
nnua
l
pr
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on s
um
.
T
o
m
it
ig
a
te
c
r
o
s
s
-
pr
ovi
nc
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
hi
f
t,
w
e
s
ta
nd
a
r
di
z
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
w
it
hi
n
pr
ovi
nc
e
u
s
in
g
s
t
a
ti
s
ti
c
s
c
om
put
e
d
on
tr
a
in
in
g
ye
a
r
s
onl
y
(
≤2023)
.
S
pe
c
if
ic
a
ll
y,
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
pr
ovi
nc
e
g
a
nd
f
e
a
tu
r
e
f
,
w
e
c
e
nt
e
r
a
nd
s
c
a
le
a
s
i
n (
5)
.
,
=
,
−
,
,
+
(
5)
W
he
r
e
x
i
,
f
is
th
e
r
a
w
f
e
a
tu
r
e
f
or
s
a
m
pl
e
i
,
μ
g,
f
a
nd
σ
g
,
f
a
r
e
th
e
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
m
e
a
n
a
nd
s
ta
nd
a
r
d
de
vi
a
ti
on
e
s
ti
m
a
te
d
f
r
om
tr
a
in
in
g
da
ta
,
a
nd
ε
\
v
a
r
e
ps
il
onε
is
a
s
m
a
ll
c
o
ns
ta
nt
to
e
ns
ur
e
num
e
r
ic
a
l
s
ta
bi
li
ty
.
W
e
a
ls
o
in
c
lu
de
a
pr
ovi
nc
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
s
o
th
a
t
m
ode
ls
c
a
n
le
a
r
n
p
e
r
s
is
te
nt
r
e
gi
ona
l
of
f
s
e
ts
.
A
ny
r
e
s
id
ua
l
m
is
s
in
g
y
e
a
r
ly
va
lu
e
s
a
r
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f
il
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ly
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a
m
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a
n
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pe
r
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r
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im
pu
ta
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a
p
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d
a
f
te
r
ye
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r
ly
a
ggr
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ga
ti
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a
c
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e
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ti
ve
c
hoi
c
e
t
ha
t
pr
e
s
e
r
ve
s
r
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gi
ona
l
s
ig
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l
w
it
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nve
nt
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g f
in
e
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s
c
a
l
e
dyna
m
ic
s
.
M
ode
li
ng
f
ol
lo
w
s
a
n
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bl
e
-
f
ir
s
t
phi
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s
ophy.
W
e
c
om
pa
r
e
R
id
ge
r
e
gr
e
s
s
io
n,
S
V
M
w
it
h
R
B
F
ke
r
ne
l,
RF
,
a
nd
G
B
R
,
a
nd
w
e
a
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y
tr
a
in
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
a
nd
X
G
B
oos
t
w
it
h
c
om
pa
c
t
hype
r
-
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
gr
id
s
to
a
voi
d
ove
r
f
it
ti
ng
on
m
ode
s
t
ye
a
r
ly
s
a
m
pl
e
s
.
L
in
e
a
r
/S
V
R
pi
pe
li
ne
s
in
c
lu
de
m
e
di
a
n
im
put
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on;
tr
e
e
-
ba
s
e
d
m
ode
l
s
us
e
m
e
di
a
n
im
put
a
ti
on
onl
y.
V
a
li
da
ti
on
us
e
s
a
te
m
por
a
l
hol
d
-
out
:
tr
a
in
in
g
on
≤2023
a
nd
va
li
da
ti
ng
on
2024
f
or
e
a
c
h
pr
ovi
nc
e
,
m
a
tc
hi
ng
th
e
in
te
nde
d
f
or
e
c
a
s
ti
ng
us
e
-
c
a
s
e
.
F
or
m
ode
l
s
e
le
c
ti
on
w
e
c
om
put
e
R
M
S
E
,
m
e
a
n
a
bs
ol
ut
e
e
r
r
or
(
M
A
E
)
,
a
nd
R
-
s
qua
r
e
d
(
R
2
)
(
de
f
in
e
d
in
s
ta
nda
r
d
f
or
m
a
nd
c
it
e
d
in
te
xt
)
a
nd
c
hoo
s
e
th
e
to
p
-
2
le
a
r
ne
r
s
on
t
he
2024
s
pl
it
to
f
or
m
a
s
im
pl
e
,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
e
qua
l
-
w
e
ig
ht
a
ve
r
a
ge
(
A
vgE
ns
e
m
bl
e
)
.
P
r
io
r
to
tr
a
in
in
g
w
e
f
r
e
e
z
e
a
nd
e
xpor
t
th
e
f
in
a
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
li
s
t
a
nd
th
e
le
a
r
ne
d
gr
oup
z
-
s
ta
ts
;
a
t
in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
w
e
s
tr
ic
tl
y
s
ubs
e
t
c
ol
um
ns
to
th
is
li
s
t
a
nd
r
e
a
ppl
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
c
a
li
ng,
pr
e
ve
nt
in
g
tr
a
in
-
te
s
t
l
e
a
ka
ge
.
F
or
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bi
li
ty
,
w
e
e
xpor
t
ga
in
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ba
s
e
d
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
s
(
tr
e
e
s
)
or
c
oe
f
f
ic
ie
nt
m
a
gni
tu
de
s
(
li
ne
a
r
)
,
a
nd
w
he
r
e
th
e
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
pe
r
m
it
s
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S
H
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P
s
um
m
a
r
y
ba
r
pl
ot
s
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nd
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e
s
w
a
r
m
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ot
s
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a
tt
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e
c
ont
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ib
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e
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c
to
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s
s
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h
a
s
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D
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k,
N
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nt
e
gr
a
l,
pr
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nd w
in
ds
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um
id
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in
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ll
y, w
e
a
ggr
e
ga
te
202
4 pr
e
di
c
ti
ons
by r
e
ge
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y t
o
pr
oduc
e
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r
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ty
c
ha
r
ts
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M
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E
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r
pl
ot
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th
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la
tt
e
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a
nnounc
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h
e
r
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c
te
d
in
F
ig
ur
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a
nd
pr
e
pa
r
e
ge
or
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
d
pa
r
it
y m
a
ps
f
or
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on a
lo
ngs
id
e
F
ig
ur
e
2.
A
ll
s
te
ps
in
F
ig
ur
e
1
a
r
e
s
c
r
ip
te
d
a
nd
ve
r
s
io
n
-
c
ont
r
ol
le
d.
D
a
ta
i
nge
s
ti
on,
c
le
a
ni
ng,
te
m
por
a
l
bi
nni
ng,
a
nnua
l
a
ggr
e
ga
ti
on,
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on,
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g,
m
ode
l
tr
a
in
in
g/
s
e
le
c
ti
on,
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
e
xpor
ts
,
a
nd
2024
in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
a
ut
om
a
t
e
d
by
th
e
pr
ovi
de
d
P
yt
hon
s
c
r
ip
ts
(
s
e
e
c
ode
a
va
il
a
bi
li
ty
)
.
T
o
pr
e
ve
nt
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
le
a
ka
ge
,
a
ll
s
c
a
le
r
s
a
nd
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
f
or
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on
a
r
e
c
om
put
e
d only on ≤2023 da
ta
a
nd a
r
e
f
r
oz
e
n f
or
2024 inf
e
r
e
nc
e
.
F
or
pr
im
a
r
y
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
w
e
pr
e
-
s
pe
c
if
y
R
M
S
E
,
M
A
E
,
a
nd
R
2
a
s
pr
im
a
r
y
m
e
tr
ic
s
c
om
put
e
d
on
th
e
2024
te
m
por
a
l
hol
d
-
out
.
W
e
r
e
por
t
:
i)
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
le
ve
l
m
e
tr
ic
s
a
nd
ii
)
r
e
ge
nc
y/
c
it
y
–
le
ve
l
R
M
S
E
a
nd
pa
r
it
y
pl
ot
s
(
obs
e
r
ve
d
vs
.
pr
e
di
c
te
d
yi
e
ld
s
)
a
ggr
e
ga
te
d
ove
r
e
a
c
h
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
ti
ve
uni
t;
th
e
s
e
a
ppe
a
r
in
s
e
c
ti
o
n
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
, V
ol
.
15
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
26
:
615
-
627
620
(
r
e
s
ul
ts
a
nd
di
s
c
us
s
io
n
)
.
W
e
a
ls
o
r
e
por
t
m
ode
l
bi
a
s
(
m
e
a
n
e
r
r
or
)
to
r
e
ve
a
l
s
ys
t
e
m
a
ti
c
ove
r
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nde
r
-
pr
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di
c
ti
on.
B
ia
s
i
s
de
f
in
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d
a
s
m
e
a
n (
y_pr
e
d
-
y_t
r
ue
)
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ga
ti
ve
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lu
e
s
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c
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te
unde
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ti
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H
ype
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pa
r
a
m
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te
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th
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li
ne
a
r
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V
R
pi
pe
li
ne
s
us
e
m
e
di
a
n
im
put
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on;
S
V
R
e
m
pl
oys
R
B
F
ke
r
ne
l
w
it
h
∈
{
1
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2
,
4
}
a
nd
∈
{
0
.
05
,
0
.
1
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be
s
t
r
e
por
te
d)
.
RF
us
e
s
_
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600,
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in
_s
a
m
pl
e
s
_l
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a
f
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r
a
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nt
boos
t
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g
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_
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ℎ
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ig
ht
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M
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ove
r
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c
om
pa
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t
gr
id
:
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v
e
s
∈
{
7
,
15
,
31
}
,
m
in
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ta
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a
f
∈
{
5
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10
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15
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e
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tu
r
e
_f
r
a
c
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a
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te
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05
,
0
.
1
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,
w
it
h
n_e
s
t
im
a
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G
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us
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s
m
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pt
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a
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ni
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ti
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ubs
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0.8,
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a
m
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1.0.
T
h
e
f
in
a
l
pr
e
di
c
to
r
is
e
it
he
r
th
e
s
in
gl
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be
s
t
m
ode
l
by
va
li
da
ti
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M
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th
e
A
vgE
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e
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bl
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e
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l
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w
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ig
ht
m
e
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n
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th
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p
-
2
le
a
r
ne
r
s
)
,
c
hos
e
n
a
-
pr
io
r
i.
F
or
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
w
e
e
xpor
t
:
i
)
ga
in
-
ba
s
e
d
im
por
ta
nc
e
s
(
tr
e
e
s
)
or
a
bs
ol
ut
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c
oe
f
f
ic
ie
nt
s
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li
ne
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r
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a
nd
ii
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S
H
A
P
s
um
m
a
r
y
ba
r
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e
s
w
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m
pl
ot
s
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he
n
s
uppor
te
d
by
th
e
c
hos
e
n
e
s
ti
m
a
to
r
.
W
e
in
te
r
pr
e
t
N
D
V
I
-
r
e
la
te
d
va
r
ia
bl
e
s
(
pe
a
k,
in
te
gr
a
l,
a
nd
phe
nol
ogy
m
a
r
ke
r
s
)
,
r
a
in
f
a
ll
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
pr
c
p_s
um
_l
og,
a
nd
w
in
d/
hum
id
it
y
e
m
be
ddi
ngs
in
r
e
la
ti
on
to
a
gr
onomi
c
pl
a
us
ib
il
it
y.
S
of
twa
r
e
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
w
e
us
e
in
th
is
s
tu
dy
a
r
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
s
r
un
on
P
yt
hon
3.11
w
it
h
num
py,
pa
nda
s
,
s
c
ik
it
-
le
a
r
n,
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
,
X
G
B
oos
t,
a
nd
s
ha
p
(
opt
io
na
l)
on
W
in
dow
s
11;
f
ig
ur
e
s
ge
ne
r
a
te
d
w
it
h
M
a
tp
lo
tl
ib
.
E
a
r
th
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
r
e
tr
ie
va
l
u
s
e
s
G
E
E
f
or
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
2
(
N
D
V
I
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a
nd
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
I
W
G
R
D
(
V
V
/VH
)
a
lo
ng
w
it
h
s
ta
ti
on
w
e
a
th
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r
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nd
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd.
A
ll
s
c
r
ip
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c
c
e
pt
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nput
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ut
put
pa
th
s
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nd
r
a
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e
e
d
s
to
e
n
s
ur
e
e
xa
c
t
r
e
pr
oduc
ib
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it
y of
numbe
r
s
a
nd plot
s
r
e
por
te
d i
n
s
e
c
ti
on 3
.
F
or
da
ta
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nd
e
th
ic
s
,
w
e
us
e
da
ta
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r
om
S
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nt
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e
l
-
1/
2
a
nd
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd
a
r
e
ope
n
da
ta
s
e
ts
;
s
ta
ti
on
w
e
a
th
e
r
f
ol
lo
w
s
na
ti
ona
l
da
ta
pol
ic
ie
s
;
yi
e
ld
la
be
ls
a
r
e
a
ggr
e
g
a
te
d
f
r
om
of
f
ic
ia
l
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
.
W
e
a
ggr
e
ga
te
a
ll
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
a
nd
la
b
e
ls
a
t
th
e
r
e
ge
n
c
y/
c
it
y
le
ve
l,
i.
e
.,
I
ndone
s
ia
’
s
s
e
c
ond
-
le
ve
l
a
dm
in
is
tr
a
ti
ve
uni
ts
(
r
e
ge
n
c
ie
s
[
k
abupate
n
]
a
nd
c
it
ie
s
[
k
ot
a
]
)
.
W
e
r
e
por
t
onl
y
pr
ovi
nc
e
/r
e
ge
n
c
y
a
ggr
e
ga
te
s
no
f
a
r
m
-
le
ve
l
pe
r
s
ona
l
da
ta
.
I
n
s
um
m
a
r
y, t
he
m
e
th
ods
us
e
d i
nc
lu
de
:
i
)
ha
r
m
oni
z
e
m
ul
ti
-
s
e
ns
or
da
ta
on a
16
-
da
y gr
id
,
ii
)
bui
ld
ye
a
r
ly
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
pe
r
r
e
gi
on
w
it
h
li
ght
im
put
a
ti
on,
i
ii
)
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
e
w
it
hi
n
pr
ovi
nc
e
on
tr
a
in
in
g
ye
a
r
s
,
iv
)
t
r
a
in
c
om
pa
c
t,
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
bl
e
m
ode
ls
(
pl
us
a
n
opt
io
na
l
two
-
m
ode
l
e
ns
e
m
bl
e
)
,
v
)
f
r
e
e
z
e
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
s
a
nd
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
,
a
nd
vi
)
e
va
lu
a
te
on
2024
w
it
h
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
a
nd
r
e
ge
nc
y
-
le
ve
l
r
e
por
ti
ng
a
nd
e
xpl
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
. T
he
ne
xt
s
e
c
ti
on
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
qua
nt
it
a
ti
ve
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
, S
H
A
P
/i
m
por
ta
nc
e
a
na
ly
s
e
s
,
a
nd 202
4 r
e
ge
nc
y pa
r
it
y/
R
M
S
E
.
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
3.1.
O
ve
r
al
l
2024
h
ol
d
-
ou
t
p
e
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
A
c
r
os
s
m
ode
ls
, pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
on t
he
2024 te
m
por
a
l
hol
d
-
out
f
a
vor
s
t
r
e
e
-
ba
s
e
d l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
. T
he
s
tr
onge
s
t
s
in
gl
e
m
ode
ls
a
r
e
G
B
R
a
nd
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
,
w
hi
le
th
e
e
qu
a
l
-
w
e
ig
ht
a
ve
r
a
ge
of
th
e
to
p
two
m
ode
l
s
(
A
vgE
ns
e
m
bl
e
)
pe
r
f
or
m
s
be
s
t
ove
r
a
ll
. U
s
in
g t
he
f
r
oz
e
n f
e
a
tu
r
e
li
s
t
a
nd pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on l
e
a
r
ne
d
on
≤2023,
th
e
A
vgE
ns
e
m
bl
e
a
tt
a
in
s
R
M
S
E
=
0.796
t/
ha
, M
A
E
=
0.484
t/
ha
,
a
nd
R
²
=
0.323
ov
e
r
a
ll
.
O
n
th
e
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
s
pl
it
it
r
e
a
c
he
s
R
M
S
E
=
0.493
t/
ha
,
M
A
E
=
0.384
t/
ha
,
a
nd
R
²
=
0.220
w
it
h
a
s
m
a
ll
ne
ga
ti
ve
bi
a
s
(
-
0.136
t/
ha
)
,
w
hi
le
on
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
it
a
c
hi
e
ve
s
R
M
S
E
=
1.036
t/
ha
,
M
A
E
=
0.596
t/
ha
,
R
²
=
0.239,
a
nd
bi
a
s
=
-
0.095
t/
ha
.
R
id
ge
und
e
r
f
it
s
,
a
nd
S
V
R
th
ough
c
om
pe
ti
ti
v
e
tr
a
il
s
th
e
tr
e
e
-
ba
s
e
d
m
ode
ls
,
c
ons
is
te
nt
w
it
h
non
-
li
ne
a
r
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
ps
be
twe
e
n yi
e
ld
a
nd r
e
m
ot
e
-
s
e
ns
in
g/
w
e
a
t
he
r
pr
e
di
c
to
r
s
.
P
e
r
-
pr
ovi
nc
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
f
or
a
ll
m
ode
ls
a
r
e
r
e
por
te
d
in
T
a
bl
e
4
to
s
uppor
t
s
id
e
-
by
-
s
id
e
c
om
pa
r
is
on.
T
a
bl
e
4
s
how
s
a
c
le
a
r
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
li
ne
a
r
a
nd
non
-
li
ne
a
r
le
a
r
ne
r
s
.
T
he
ga
p
be
twe
e
n
R
id
ge
/S
V
R
a
nd
tr
e
e
-
ba
s
e
d
m
ode
ls
in
di
c
a
te
s
th
a
t
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
a
m
ong
N
D
V
I
phe
nol
ogy
(
e
.g.,
pe
a
k
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
l)
,
S
A
R
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
,
a
nd
m
e
te
or
ol
ogy
a
r
e
im
por
ta
nt
f
or
pr
e
di
c
ti
on.
T
he
s
li
ght
ne
ga
ti
ve
bi
a
s
of
th
e
A
vgE
ns
e
m
bl
e
s
ugge
s
ts
a
c
ons
e
r
va
ti
ve
te
nd
e
nc
y
on
th
e
hol
d
-
out
;
w
e
f
ur
th
e
r
e
xa
m
in
e
s
pa
ti
a
l
e
r
r
or
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
by
r
e
ge
nc
y
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
R
M
S
E
ba
r
s
)
a
nd
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
pa
r
it
y
b
ia
s
)
.
T
o
e
xa
m
in
e
th
e
s
pa
ti
a
l
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
of
2024
e
r
r
or
s
a
t
th
e
r
e
ge
nc
y/
c
it
y
le
ve
l,
w
e
r
e
por
t
R
M
S
E
ba
r
pl
ot
s
in
F
ig
ur
e
3:
F
ig
ur
e
3(
a
)
s
how
s
th
e
ove
r
a
ll
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
a
c
r
os
s
pr
ovi
nc
e
s
,
w
hi
le
F
ig
ur
e
3(
b)
a
nd
F
ig
u
r
e
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p
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r
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t
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I
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f
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tu
r
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por
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ig
ur
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a
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r
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por
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ba
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d
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por
ta
nc
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M
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ig
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s
how
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th
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c
or
r
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s
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por
ta
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s
f
r
om
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a
di
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nt
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ti
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.
T
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s
e
a
li
gn
w
it
h
a
gr
onomi
c
e
xpe
c
ta
ti
ons
:
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a
nopy
ti
m
in
g
a
nd
vi
gor
(
N
D
V
I
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e
f
le
c
t
pl
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nt
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g
s
c
he
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ks
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r
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ponds
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a
nopy
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tr
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F
ig
ur
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por
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of
(
a
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L
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ht
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B
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nd (
b)
gr
a
di
e
nt
boos
ti
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
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E
x
pl
ai
nabl
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r
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y
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r
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Se
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in
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-
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at
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ll
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or
f
ood s
e
c
ur
it
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(
D
hi
m
a
s
T
r
ib
uana
)
623
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he
r
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S
H
A
P
w
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s
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na
bl
e
d,
F
ig
ur
e
6
(
be
e
s
w
a
r
m
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s
how
s
m
onot
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phys
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le
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ts
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r
V
V
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V
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s
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s
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pr
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is
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d
r
a
di
a
ti
on.
F
ig
ur
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6
(
S
H
A
P
be
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s
w
a
r
m
)
s
how
s
m
onot
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c
,
phy
s
ic
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ll
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s
e
ns
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le
e
f
f
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ts
.
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nopy/v
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ta
ti
on
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na
l
s
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s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
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e
a
n
a
nd
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e
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tu
r
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s
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e
.g.,
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V
I
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x,
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V
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k,
N
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a
l,
a
nd
th
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r
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c
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A
P
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c
a
ti
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th
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t
hi
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r
f
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tu
r
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lu
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s
a
r
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a
s
s
oc
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d
w
it
h
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pr
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di
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.g.,
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r
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pd_ma
x/
m
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a
n
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pd_me
a
n)
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ve
r
y
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gh
r
e
la
ti
ve
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id
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e
.g.,
e
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n
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r
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n
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ope
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r
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r
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a
n_s
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os
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ve
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or
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f
f
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ts
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ke
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a
ll
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th
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H
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P
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s
tr
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onf
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th
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m
a
in
s
ig
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ls
a
li
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w
it
h c
r
op phys
io
lo
gy (
ve
ge
ta
ti
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tr
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ngt
h)
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nd w
e
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th
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r
s
tr
e
s
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or
s
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e
xt
r
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m
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hum
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.
F
ig
ur
e
6. S
H
A
P
s
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m
a
r
y
3.4.
S
p
at
ia
l
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
of
e
r
r
or
I
ns
pe
c
ti
ng
F
ig
ur
e
s
3
-
4
r
e
ve
a
ls
ge
ogr
a
phy
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s
pe
c
if
ic
be
ha
vi
or
.
C
oa
s
ta
l/
r
iv
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r
in
e
r
e
ge
nc
y
s
how
s
li
ght
ly
la
r
ge
r
e
r
r
or
s
,
pl
a
us
ib
ly
due
to
m
ix
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la
nd
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ove
r
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m
os
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ic
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ddy/
ponds
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nd
r
a
pi
d
phe
nol
ogy
th
a
t
c
ha
ll
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nge
s
a
16
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da
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a
de
nc
e
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H
ig
hl
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nd
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r
in
ge
s
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e
.g.,
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th
e
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n
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e
s
t
J
a
v
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e
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t
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ght
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it
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ke
ly
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e
ne
f
it
in
g
f
r
om
c
le
a
r
e
r
N
D
V
I
dyna
m
ic
s
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nd
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or
e
s
ta
bl
e
m
a
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ge
m
e
nt
c
a
l
e
nda
r
s
.
T
he
s
e
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e
r
ns
m
ot
iv
a
te
two
f
ut
ur
e
r
e
f
in
e
m
e
nt
s
:
s
ub
-
s
e
a
s
ona
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
a
r
ound the
de
t
e
c
te
d pe
a
k
a
n
d opti
ona
l
in
c
lu
s
io
n of
c
r
op c
a
le
nda
r
pr
io
r
s
.
3.5.
C
om
p
ar
is
on
w
it
h
p
r
io
r
w
or
k
(
I
n
d
on
e
s
ia
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d
S
ou
t
h
e
as
t
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O
ur
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e
ge
nc
y
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le
ve
l
R
M
S
E
on
a
2024
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m
por
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l
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d
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~
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ha
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om
pe
ti
ti
ve
w
it
h
r
e
c
e
nt
I
ndone
s
ia
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f
oc
us
e
d r
ic
e
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yi
e
ld
s
tu
di
e
s
t
ha
t
c
om
bi
ne
opt
ic
a
l
ve
ge
ta
ti
on i
ndi
c
e
s
,
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1 S
A
R
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
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r
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nd
m
e
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S
tu
di
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th
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t
r
e
ly
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nt
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D
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ve
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ta
ti
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V
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ty
pi
c
a
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e
por
t
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s
tr
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-
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le
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r
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or
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ound
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por
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pa
ti
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por
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tu
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um
m
a
r
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ti
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1
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A
ddi
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nt
in
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l
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V
V
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e
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r
a
ll
y
yi
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ld
s
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r
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r
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ti
on
in
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ll
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ol
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15
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
26
:
615
-
627
624
c
lo
ud
-
a
f
f
e
c
te
d
m
ons
oon
m
ont
hs
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br
in
gi
ng
e
r
r
or
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to
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e
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1.0
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nd
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pe
ndi
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ggr
e
ga
ti
on
a
nd
c
r
op
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c
a
le
nda
r
a
li
gnm
e
nt
c
ons
is
t
e
nt
w
it
h
I
ndone
s
ia
/
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
w
or
ks
th
a
t
e
xpl
oi
t
S
1+
S
2
ti
m
e
s
e
r
ie
s
f
or
r
ic
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
m
a
ppi
ng
[
31]
,
[
32]
.
B
r
oa
de
r
r
e
gi
ona
l
p
r
od
uc
ts
on
s
e
a
s
ona
l
in
te
ns
it
y
a
l
s
o
unde
r
s
c
or
e
th
e
va
lu
e
of
de
ns
e
opt
ic
a
l/
S
A
R
ti
m
e
s
e
r
ie
s
f
or
pa
ddy
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
c
r
os
s
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
[
27]
.
I
n
th
is
c
ont
e
xt
,
our
jo
in
t
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
∪
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
m
ode
l
a
tt
a
in
s
s
ta
te
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of
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th
e
-
a
r
t
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
c
r
os
s
two
a
gr
o
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e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
z
one
s
w
hi
le
r
e
m
a
in
in
g e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
(
f
e
a
tu
r
e
i
m
por
ta
nc
e
s
;
S
H
A
P
)
.
A
s
e
c
ond
c
om
pa
r
is
on
poi
nt
is
c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gi
ona
l
ge
ne
r
a
li
z
a
ti
on.
M
a
ny
I
ndone
s
ia
c
a
s
e
s
tu
di
e
s
tr
a
in
a
nd
e
va
lu
a
te
w
it
hi
n
a
s
in
gl
e
pr
ovi
nc
e
or
is
la
nd;
w
he
n
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
r
e
d
w
it
hout
a
da
pt
a
ti
on,
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
te
n
de
gr
a
de
s
due
to
phe
nol
ogy,
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a
na
ge
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e
nt
,
a
nd
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li
m
a
te
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
m
ons
oon
r
e
gi
m
e
s
[
27]
,
[
30]
.
W
e
obs
e
r
ve
th
e
s
a
m
e
in
a
na
ïv
e
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
→
S
out
h
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
(
R
M
S
E
≈1.33
t/
ha
in
our
s
e
tt
in
g)
.
I
nt
r
oduc
in
g
a
s
im
pl
e
pr
ovi
nc
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
,
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on,
a
nd
pool
e
d
t
r
a
in
in
g
on
≤2023
c
lo
s
e
s
m
o
s
t
of
th
a
t
ga
p
a
nd
r
e
s
to
r
e
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
on
th
e
2024
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d
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out
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M
S
E
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,
s
ugge
s
ti
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r
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oduc
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pa
th
to
na
ti
ona
l
s
c
a
li
ng w
it
hout
opa
que
doma
in
-
a
da
pt
a
ti
on ne
twor
ks
.
F
in
a
ll
y,
our
a
bl
a
ti
ons
e
c
ho
pr
io
r
f
in
di
ngs
th
a
t
phe
nol
ogy
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
(
e
.g.,
N
D
V
I
pe
a
k,
in
te
gr
a
l,
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
-
up/
s
e
ne
s
c
e
nc
e
D
O
Y
)
a
nd
S
A
R
b
a
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
(
V
V
/VH
)
e
x
pl
a
in
m
e
a
ni
ngf
ul
yi
e
ld
va
r
ia
n
c
e
in
I
ndone
s
ia
’
s
m
ons
oon
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
unde
r
f
r
e
que
nt
c
lo
ud
c
ove
r
[
31]
,
[
32]
.
R
e
gi
ona
l
e
vi
de
nc
e
on
c
r
oppi
ng
-
in
te
ns
it
y
dyna
m
ic
s
a
nd
s
pa
ti
a
l
he
te
r
oge
n
e
it
y
f
ur
th
e
r
s
uppor
ts
c
om
bi
ni
ng
S
1/
S
2
w
it
h
c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
s
ig
na
l
s
w
he
n
s
c
a
li
ng
a
c
r
os
s
is
la
nd
s
a
nd
pr
ovi
nc
e
s
[
27]
,
[
30
]
.
T
he
s
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
m
ot
iv
a
te
our
S
A
R
+
N
D
V
I
+
w
e
a
th
e
r
de
s
ig
n
a
nd
it
s
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
a
c
r
os
s
pr
ovi
nc
e
s
i
n I
ndone
s
ia
.
3.6.
R
ob
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
an
d
ab
la
t
io
n
s
W
e
c
on
duc
te
d
ta
r
ge
te
d
a
bl
a
ti
ons
to
is
ol
a
te
w
he
r
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
c
om
e
s
f
r
om
w
h
il
e
gua
r
d
in
g
a
ga
in
s
t
tr
a
in
–
te
s
t
le
a
ka
ge
.
F
ir
s
t,
p
r
o
vi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
ta
n
da
r
di
z
a
t
io
n
(
s
c
a
le
r
s
f
it
on
≤
20
23
a
nd
th
e
n
f
r
oz
e
n)
c
ons
is
te
n
t
ly
r
e
d
uc
e
d
c
r
os
s
-
p
r
o
vi
nc
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
h
if
t
(
s
e
e
s
e
c
t
io
n
3
)
a
nd
im
p
r
ove
d
202
4
R
M
S
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b
y
≈0.
05
–
0.
10
t
/h
a
ve
r
s
us
gl
oba
l
s
c
a
li
n
g,
w
i
th
t
he
la
r
ge
s
t
g
a
i
ns
in
S
o
ut
h
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ul
a
w
e
s
i
a
nd
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no
ti
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e
a
b
le
r
e
du
c
t
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n
of
s
ys
te
m
a
t
ic
bi
a
s
o
n
h
ig
h
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ld
di
s
tr
ic
ts
.
S
e
c
o
nd,
a
dd
in
g
a
s
i
m
p
le
p
r
ovi
n
c
e
in
di
c
a
to
r
(
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
vs
.
S
ou
th
S
u
la
w
e
s
i
)
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
pe
r
s
is
te
n
t
r
e
g
io
na
l
o
f
f
s
e
ts
w
i
th
ou
t
di
s
to
r
t
in
g
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
;
r
e
m
ov
in
g
it
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
S
ou
th
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
b
ia
s
a
nd
de
g
r
a
de
d
20
24
R
M
S
E
by
≈
0.0
3
-
0
.05
t
/h
a
.
T
h
i
r
d,
j
oi
nt
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
on
po
ol
e
d
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
∪
S
ou
th
S
ul
a
w
e
s
i
da
ta
(
≤2
023
)
o
ut
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
s
i
n
gl
e
-
p
r
o
vi
nc
e
m
o
de
ls
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d
on
2
02
4
by
≈0.
05
–
0.
15
t/
ha
,
w
he
r
e
a
s
a
na
ïv
e
W
e
s
t
J
a
va
→S
ou
th
S
u
la
w
e
s
i
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
(
n
o
s
c
a
li
ng
/i
ndi
c
a
t
or
)
de
t
e
r
io
r
a
te
d
to
≈
1.
33
t
/h
a
R
M
S
E
,
h
ig
h
li
gh
ti
ng
th
e
im
po
r
ta
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m
i
ni
m
a
l
do
m
a
in
-
b
r
i
dg
in
g
.
F
in
a
l
ly
,
a
n
e
qua
l
-
w
e
i
gh
t
e
ns
e
m
bl
e
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
s
t
r
onge
s
t
le
a
r
ne
r
s
(
G
B
R
+
L
ig
ht
G
B
M
)
d
e
li
ve
r
e
d
a
s
m
a
ll
bu
t
s
ta
b
le
ga
in
ove
r
e
i
th
e
r
a
lo
n
e
(
≈0
.02
-
0
.0
3
t
/h
a
)
,
yi
e
l
di
n
g
o
ur
be
s
t
20
24
r
e
s
u
l
t
(
R
M
S
E
=
0.
796
t
/h
a
,
M
A
E
=
0.
48
4
t
/h
a
,
R
²
≈0.
33
)
.
A
c
r
os
s
a
ll
r
uns
,
w
e
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
d
s
tr
ic
t
le
a
ka
ge
c
o
nt
r
o
ls
:
a
f
r
oz
e
n
f
e
a
t
ur
e
li
s
t,
a
f
i
xe
d
1
6
-
da
y
(
b
in
16
)
te
m
po
r
a
l
ke
y,
p
r
ov
in
c
e
-
w
is
e
s
c
a
le
r
s
f
i
t
o
nl
y
o
n
≤2
02
3,
a
nd
a
ha
r
d
202
4
te
m
po
r
a
l
h
ol
d
-
ou
t;
no
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
us
e
d
f
u
tu
r
e
w
in
dow
s
o
r
202
4
la
be
ls
.
3.7.
P
r
ac
t
ic
al
an
d
r
e
gu
la
t
or
y i
m
p
li
c
at
io
n
s
A
n
R
M
S
E
of
~
0.8
t/
ha
a
t
r
e
ge
nc
y
s
c
a
le
is
ope
r
a
ti
ona
ll
y
us
e
f
ul
f
or
e
a
r
ly
p
r
ovi
nc
ia
l
yi
e
ld
s
ig
na
ls
(6
-
10
w
e
e
ks
a
h
e
a
d
of
f
in
a
l
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
)
,
e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
w
he
n
th
e
dr
iv
e
r
s
a
r
e
tr
a
n
s
pa
r
e
nt
(
N
D
V
I
phe
nol
ogy
pe
a
ks
/i
nt
e
gr
a
ls
,
S
e
nt
in
e
l
-
1
V
V
/VH
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
,
a
nd
w
in
d/
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
)
.
T
he
pi
pe
li
ne
’
s
m
odul
a
r
de
s
ig
n
f
r
oz
e
n
f
e
a
tu
r
e
li
s
t,
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
w
is
e
s
c
a
li
ng,
a
nd
one
-
c
li
c
k
2024
in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
na
bl
e
s
r
out
in
e
m
ont
hl
y
upda
te
s
a
nd
lo
w
-
f
r
ic
ti
on
onboa
r
di
ng
of
ne
w
pr
ovi
nc
e
s
.
F
or
f
ood
-
s
e
c
ur
it
y
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
(
pr
ovi
nc
ia
l
f
ood
of
f
ic
e
s
,
B
ul
og,
B
P
S
,
a
nd
M
oA
)
, r
e
ge
nc
y R
M
S
E
ba
r
c
ha
r
ts
a
nd pa
r
it
y m
a
ps
a
c
t
a
s
t
r
ia
ge
t
ool
s
t
o:
i
)
f
la
g di
s
tr
ic
ts
w
he
r
e
m
ode
l
bi
a
s
s
ugge
s
ts
unde
r
/o
ve
r
-
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
r
is
k
f
or
pr
oc
ur
e
m
e
nt
;
ii
)
pr
io
r
it
iz
e
gr
ound
ve
r
if
ic
a
ti
on
a
nd
e
xt
e
ns
io
n
s
uppor
t;
a
nd i
ii
)
pr
e
-
pos
it
io
n l
ogi
s
ti
c
s
w
he
n w
e
a
th
e
r
-
dr
iv
e
n downs
id
e
r
is
k i
s
de
te
c
te
d.
R
e
gul
a
to
r
y
im
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
.
B
e
c
a
us
e
in
put
s
a
r
e
ope
n
(
C
ope
r
ni
c
us
,
E
R
A
5
-
L
a
nd)
a
nd
th
e
m
ode
l
is
e
xpl
a
in
a
bl
e
(
f
e
a
tu
r
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
s
,
S
H
A
P
)
,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
s
uppor
t
s
a
udi
ta
bi
li
ty
a
nd
c
om
pl
ia
nc
e
w
it
h
e
vi
de
n
c
e
-
ba
s
e
d
de
c
i
s
io
n
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
A
ge
nc
ie
s
c
a
n
publ
i
s
h
pr
ovi
nc
e
-
le
ve
l
da
s
hboa
r
ds
a
nd
v
e
r
s
io
ne
d
m
ode
l
c
a
r
d
s
th
a
t
doc
um
e
nt
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
,
tr
a
in
in
g
ye
a
r
s
(
≤2023)
,
a
nd
hol
d
-
out
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
(
2024)
,
a
id
in
g
in
te
r
na
l
r
e
vi
e
w
a
nd
e
xt
e
r
na
l
s
c
r
ut
in
y.
T
he
c
le
a
r
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
of
da
ta
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
a
ti
on
(
pe
r
-
pr
ov
in
c
e
s
c
a
le
r
s
)
f
r
om
m
ode
li
ng
a
ls
o
s
im
pl
if
ie
s
pr
oc
ur
e
m
e
nt
a
nd
c
e
r
ti
f
ic
a
ti
on
ne
w
da
ta
pr
ovi
de
r
s
c
a
n
be
va
li
da
te
d
a
ga
in
s
t
f
ix
e
d
pr
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
c
he
c
ks
w
it
hout
r
e
tr
a
in
in
g t
he
c
or
e
m
ode
l.
3.8.
L
im
it
at
io
n
s
W
e
de
li
be
r
a
te
ly
a
voi
d
he
a
vy
im
put
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
om
pl
e
x
s
p
a
ti
o
-
te
m
por
a
l
ne
twor
ks
to
p
r
e
s
e
r
ve
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
di
s
tr
ic
ts
w
it
h
ve
r
y
s
p
a
r
s
e
obs
e
r
va
ti
ons
or
a
ty
pi
c
a
l
c
r
op
c
a
le
nda
r
s
c
a
n
s
how
e
le
va
t
e
d
e
r
r
or
.
T
he
16
-
da
y
a
ggr
e
ga
ti
on
(
M
O
D
I
S
-
s
ty
le
c
a
de
nc
e
)
m
a
y
bl
ur
s
hor
t
s
hoc
k
e
ve
nt
s
(
s
to
r
m
s
,
lo
dgi
ng,
pe
s
t
out
br
e
a
ks
)
,
a
nd
s
pa
r
s
e
s
ta
ti
on
w
e
a
th
e
r
c
a
n
li
m
it
lo
c
a
l
de
ta
il
e
ve
n
w
he
n
r
e
a
na
ly
s
i
s
is
in
c
lu
de
d.
W
e
a
ls
o
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