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k
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T
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CC B
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c
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
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s
s
o
f
d
etec
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f
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,
r
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er
r
e
d
to
as
co
m
m
u
n
it
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d
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tio
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[
1
]
.
Sco
p
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s
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ib
li
o
g
r
ap
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wh
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es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
r
esear
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ac
tiv
ities
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
wth
in
ac
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m
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p
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b
licatio
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as c
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T
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1
5
,
No
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1
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Feb
r
u
ar
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2
0
2
6
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9
2
8
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co
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a
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s
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Key
wo
r
d
an
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s
is
[
3
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is
v
e
r
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
id
en
t
if
y
in
g
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o
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tio
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s
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d
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s
s
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tific
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s
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e
f
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eq
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f
t
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co
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cc
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r
r
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n
ce
f
ac
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r
esear
ch
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d
is
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an
d
u
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d
er
s
tan
d
th
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co
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p
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n
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tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
t
er
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
er
al
dom
ain
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ev
alu
ates
th
e
Sco
p
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s
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
d
atasets
(
S
B
D)
[
6
]
f
o
r
k
e
y
wo
r
d
c
o
llectio
n
an
d
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
f
in
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
-
b
ased
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
is
to
b
u
ild
a
k
ey
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
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r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
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k
[
7
]
,
i
n
wh
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x
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ec
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
ar
ticles
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
p
h
ase
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
[
8
]
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
r
es
ea
r
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
h
elp
s
to
g
ain
m
o
r
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
r
elate
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
b
est
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
p
h
ase
is
to
ex
a
m
in
e
b
etter
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
is
co
v
er
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
9
]
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
g
r
ap
h
s
a
n
aly
s
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
L
o
u
v
ain
m
eth
o
d
,
g
r
ee
d
y
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
(
GM
O)
,
L
eid
en
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
I
n
f
o
m
ap
,
s
p
ea
k
er
-
lis
ten
er
lab
el
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
SLPA)
,
C
lau
s
et,
New
m
an
,
an
d
Mo
o
r
e
(
C
NM
)
,
W
alk
tr
ap
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
Sp
in
Glass
,
an
d
K
-
C
liq
u
e
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ap
p
lie
d
to
d
etec
t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
d
etec
ted
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
is
m
e
asu
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
it
y
,
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
en
ab
les
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
as
well
a
s
d
eter
m
in
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
atter
n
s
an
d
clu
s
ter
s
in
th
e
g
i
v
en
d
ata
s
et.
T
h
e
m
ain
aim
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
is
co
v
er
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
2
0
]
u
s
in
g
k
ey
w
o
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
g
en
er
at
ed
f
r
o
m
ac
ad
em
i
c
d
atasets
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
Py
th
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
[
2
1
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
f
r
o
m
s
ch
o
lar
ly
co
llectio
n
s
u
s
in
g
b
asic
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
f
o
r
id
en
tif
y
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
an
d
a
n
aly
s
in
g
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ch
o
o
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
2
]
to
g
et
a
n
ef
f
ici
en
t
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
etec
ted
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
a
y
v
a
r
y
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es
with
in
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ich
is
an
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
ic
in
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
d
s
cien
to
m
etr
ic
r
esear
ch
.
K
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
3
]
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
ter
m
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
id
en
tific
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
f
in
d
ass
o
ciate
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
d
ata
an
d
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
is
i
n
clu
d
es
d
eter
m
in
in
g
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
ter
m
s
[
2
4
]
in
s
id
e
a
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
in
g
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
ti
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
E
f
f
icien
t
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
all
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
k
e
y
wo
r
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
ap
p
i
n
g
d
is
cip
lin
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
,
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
lin
k
ag
es
an
d
id
e
n
tify
in
g
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
th
em
es in
d
atasets
.
A
lo
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
to
co
m
p
ar
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
ete
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
2
5
]
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
f
in
d
i
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
So
m
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
r
elatio
n
s
th
at
en
h
an
ce
d
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
ev
alu
ated
s
ev
er
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
ch
as
lab
el
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
W
alk
T
r
ap
an
d
i
n
f
o
m
ap
[
8
]
o
n
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
r
tific
ial
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
d
atasets
.
L
o
za
n
o
et
a
l.
[
7
]
a
n
aly
ze
d
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
wh
ich
3
9
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
i
n
d
ata
e
n
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
(
DE
A)
liter
atu
r
e
b
etwe
en
2
0
0
8
an
d
2
0
1
7
an
d
estab
li
s
h
ed
th
at
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
-
r
elate
d
th
em
es
h
ad
b
eg
u
n
to
ap
p
ea
r
in
DE
A
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
o
we
d
a
s
m
all
-
wo
r
ld
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
a
p
o
wer
la
w
ex
p
o
n
en
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
is
ass
o
r
tativ
ity
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
0
2
to
0
.
1
5
7
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
ath
len
g
th
was
c
o
n
s
tan
t
at
6
.
5
0
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
ch
allen
g
es
with
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
s
co
p
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
k
ey
wo
r
d
m
at
u
r
ity
tr
en
d
s
an
d
lin
k
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
o
n
a
k
e
y
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
is
an
em
er
g
i
n
g
f
ield
t
h
at
co
n
tain
s
a
b
u
ild
in
g
co
llectio
n
o
f
to
p
ics,
m
o
d
els
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Key
wo
r
d
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
th
is
s
ec
to
r
ca
n
h
el
p
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
in
ter
p
r
et
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
an
d
ev
alu
ate
c
o
m
p
licated
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
an
d
d
etec
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
k
ey
wo
r
d
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
SB
D.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
p
h
ases
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
d
ata
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
,
d
ata
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
g
r
ap
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
es
,
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ef
f
icien
tly
d
etec
t
well
-
d
ef
in
ed
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
First,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
t
h
e
d
etec
ted
c
o
mmu
n
ities
u
s
in
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l a
l
g
o
r
ith
ms o
n
…
(
K
ir
u
th
ika
R
.
)
921
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
d
ata
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
f
o
r
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
-
b
a
s
ed
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
as
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
th
en
r
em
o
v
in
g
an
y
ir
r
elev
a
n
t d
ata
to
cr
ea
te
a
n
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
e
two
r
k
,
with
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
n
o
d
es o
f
ed
g
es
b
ein
g
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies.
Deta
i
led
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
g
r
ap
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
es
is
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
L
o
u
v
ain
,
GM
O,
L
eid
en
,
I
n
f
o
m
a
p
,
SLPA
,
C
NM
,
W
alk
tr
ap
,
Sp
in
Glass
,
an
d
K
-
C
l
iq
u
e
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
d
etec
t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
a
lu
atio
n
m
etr
ics
u
s
ed
in
wo
r
k
ar
e
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
,
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
in
ter
n
al
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
g
o
al
o
f
th
i
s
wo
r
k
is
t
o
d
etec
t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
u
s
in
g
t
r
ad
itio
n
a
l
d
is
co
v
er
y
m
eth
o
d
s
o
n
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
ac
ad
em
ic
d
atasets
th
r
o
u
g
h
Py
t
h
o
n
.
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
et
s
des
cr
iptio
n a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
Sco
p
u
s
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
cien
tific
d
ata
s
o
u
r
c
es
th
at
r
etr
iev
es
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
ield
s
as
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
ield
s
in
clu
d
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
D
OI
,
y
ea
r
,
s
o
u
r
ce
titl
e,
v
o
lu
m
e,
ab
s
tr
ac
t,
au
th
o
r
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
in
d
ex
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
o
t
h
er
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
m
etad
ata
f
ield
s
[
2
9
]
.
B
u
t
th
is
wo
r
k
m
ain
ly
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
in
d
e
x
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
o
f
th
e
d
ee
p
lea
r
n
in
g
-
b
ased
ar
ticles
r
etr
iev
ed
as
th
r
e
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
atasets
:
SB
D_
1
as 2
0
0
6
-
2
0
1
3
,
SB
D_
2
as 2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
6
,
an
d
SB
D_
3
as 2
0
1
7
.
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
pre
-
pro
ce
s
s
ing
Data
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
a
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
p
h
ase
in
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
an
d
f
ix
in
g
in
co
r
r
ec
t
en
tr
ies
in
a
d
ataset.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
[
3
0
]
was
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
d
etec
ti
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Sco
p
u
s
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
First,
th
e
r
aw
d
ataset
co
n
tain
s
all
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata,
b
u
t
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
,
t
h
e
in
d
e
x
ed
k
ey
wo
r
d
f
ield
was
r
etr
iev
ed
.
T
h
ese
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ar
e
clea
n
ed
to
r
em
o
v
e
r
e
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
item
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
d
ex
e
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
g
et
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
b
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
em
to
lo
wer
ca
s
e,
elim
in
atin
g
p
u
n
ctu
atio
n
an
d
s
to
p
wo
r
d
s
ar
e
r
em
o
v
ed
.
A
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
a
d
jace
n
cy
m
atr
ix
is
th
en
cr
ea
ted
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
t
h
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
e
x
is
ten
ce
in
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
Self
-
lo
o
p
s
ar
e
r
em
o
v
ed
to
r
etain
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
y
av
o
id
i
n
g
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
its
elf
to
f
o
r
m
an
ed
g
e.
3
.
3
.
G
ra
ph
co
ns
t
ru
ct
io
n
Gr
ap
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
el.
A
Sco
p
u
s
b
ib
lio
g
r
a
p
h
ic
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
ad
jace
n
cy
m
atr
ix
is
co
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
a
g
r
ap
h
b
y
co
m
p
u
tin
g
th
e
weig
h
t o
f
ea
c
h
ed
g
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
with
th
e
m
atr
ix
v
alu
e
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tin
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
.
T
h
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
etr
ics
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
n
o
d
es
an
d
e
d
g
es.
T
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
as
n
o
d
es a
n
d
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
a
r
ticles ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as
weig
h
ted
ed
g
es
to
f
o
r
m
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
n
o
d
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
an
d
o
p
tim
is
tic
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
Sco
p
u
s
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
k
e
y
wo
r
d
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
af
ter
da
ta
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
ar
e
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
d
s
ep
ar
ately
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
wh
ich
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
s
ep
ar
ately
in
t
h
is
ar
ticle.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
SB
D_
1
d
ataset
is
a
s
et
o
f
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
-
b
ased
in
d
ex
ed
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
b
etwe
en
2
0
0
6
an
d
2
0
1
3
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
k
ey
wo
r
d
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
SB
D_
2
d
ata,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
in
d
ex
e
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
a
n
d
th
ese
ar
e
a
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ized
k
ey
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
SB
D_
3
d
ataset,
wh
ich
co
m
p
r
is
es
in
d
ex
e
d
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
o
f
2
0
1
7
an
d
th
ese
ar
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
lar
g
er
d
ata
as
a
m
ass
iv
e
d
en
s
e
s
im
p
le
co
m
p
lex
k
e
y
wo
r
d
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gr
a
p
h
ical
r
ep
r
es
en
tatio
n
o
f
SB
D
n
etw
o
r
k
s
of
(
a)
S
B
D_
1
as 2
0
0
6
-
2
0
1
3
,
(
b
)
SB
D_
2
as 2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
6
,
an
d
(
c)
SB
D_
3
as2
0
1
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
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1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
6
:
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9
2
8
922
3
.
4
.
Net
w
o
rk
a
na
ly
s
is
Netwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
as
it
u
n
co
v
er
s
k
ey
p
atter
n
s
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
with
in
d
ata.
Fo
r
d
etec
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
ne
two
r
k
an
aly
s
is
n
ee
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
So
th
at
it
will
n
o
t
r
ef
lect
an
d
af
f
ec
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
s
is
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
its
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
ese
n
etwo
r
k
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
SB
D_
1
,
S
B
D_
2
,
an
d
SB
D_
3
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
id
en
tifie
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
n
o
d
es
th
at
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
an
to
th
o
s
e
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
ese
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ex
ac
tn
ess
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
al
u
ab
le
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
in
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ex
c
h
an
g
e
.
Den
s
ity
g
iv
es
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
e
g
r
ap
h
is
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
.
Av
er
a
g
e
d
eg
r
ee
g
i
v
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
m
an
y
n
o
d
es,
o
n
av
er
ag
e,
ar
e
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
in
th
e
g
r
ap
h
.
I
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
is
weig
h
te
d
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
lin
k
weig
h
t
is
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
e
d
g
es
.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
co
e
f
f
icien
t
g
iv
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
an
d
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
p
at
h
len
g
t
h
is
th
e
av
er
ag
e
d
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two
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ab
le
1
.
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tec
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g
o
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al
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s
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d
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e
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ir
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o
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tio
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ati
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h
i
p
s
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g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
k
e
y
in
te
r
c
o
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
g
i
v
es
a
b
ett
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
f
l
o
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
a
n
e
tw
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
Sc
o
p
u
s
b
i
b
li
o
m
et
r
i
c
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
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er
e
i
m
p
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v
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d
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y
u
s
i
n
g
v
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r
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o
u
s
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
w
h
i
ch
in
c
lu
d
e
L
o
u
v
ai
n
,
GM
O,
L
e
id
e
n
,
I
n
f
o
m
a
p
,
S
L
PA,
W
al
k
t
r
a
p
,
Sp
i
n
Gl
ass
,
K
-
C
li
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
C
N
M
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
.
T
h
e
L
o
u
v
ai
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
i
n
a
wa
y
t
h
at
m
e
r
g
es
s
m
al
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ties
o
v
e
r
a
n
d
o
v
er
ag
ai
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
u
la
r
it
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
ati
o
n
.
T
h
is
ca
n
d
is
c
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
h
i
er
a
r
c
h
ic
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
in
th
e
l
ar
g
e
n
etw
o
r
k
s
an
d
als
o
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
in
n
at
u
r
e.
GM
O
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
in
i
tiali
zi
n
g
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
as
b
e
lo
n
g
i
n
g
t
o
ex
ac
tl
y
o
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
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ty
a
n
d
f
in
d
i
n
g
n
e
w
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ties
t
o
o
p
ti
m
iz
e
m
o
d
u
la
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
L
ei
d
e
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
is
a
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
L
o
u
v
ai
n
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
.
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u
t
b
o
t
h
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ila
r
w
ay
s
t
h
at
e
n
h
a
n
ce
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
p
li
tti
n
g
f
o
r
b
ett
e
r
m
o
d
u
l
ar
i
ty
a
n
d
f
o
r
co
p
i
n
g
w
it
h
la
r
g
e
n
e
two
r
k
s
.
I
n
f
o
m
ap
i
d
e
n
t
if
i
es
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
d
i
v
is
i
o
n
o
f
a
g
iv
e
n
n
et
wo
r
k
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
d
esc
r
i
p
ti
o
n
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
r
a
n
d
o
m
wa
lk
s
.
T
h
e
S
L
PA
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
es
c
o
m
m
u
n
iti
es
b
y
al
lo
win
g
n
o
d
es
to
s
h
a
r
e
an
d
a
d
o
p
t
la
b
e
ls
r
ep
r
es
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
ei
r
m
em
b
er
s
h
i
p
i
n
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
n
e
tw
o
r
k
c
lu
s
te
r
s
b
ase
d
o
n
i
n
te
r
a
cti
o
n
s
wit
h
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es
.
T
h
e
Sp
in
Glass
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
i
d
e
n
t
if
ies
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ties
b
y
m
o
d
elli
n
g
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
an
d
o
p
t
im
izi
n
g
m
o
d
u
l
ar
i
ty
t
o
g
r
o
u
p
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
o
c
lu
s
te
r
s
.
T
h
e
K
-
C
li
q
u
e
m
et
h
od
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
es
c
o
m
m
u
n
iti
es
b
y
lo
ca
t
in
g
cli
q
u
es
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
n
o
d
es
w
ell
-
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
.
T
h
e
C
NM
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
is
a
g
r
e
ed
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
s
e
ar
c
h
es
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
b
y
t
r
y
in
g
t
o
m
a
x
i
m
iz
e
m
o
d
u
l
ar
it
y
a
n
d
it
is
s
e
n
s
i
tiv
e
to
h
ie
r
a
r
c
h
ica
l st
r
u
c
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
.
4.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S AN
D
D
I
SC
USS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
d
with
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
n
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
n
e
two
r
k
s
b
u
ilt
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
n
etwo
r
k
d
ataset.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
f
in
d
an
d
a
n
aly
s
es
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
d
ex
ed
ter
m
s
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
s
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
b
etwe
en
th
e
ap
p
lied
tr
ad
itio
n
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
lik
e
L
o
u
v
ain
,
S
L
PA,
C
NM
,
I
n
f
o
m
ap
,
W
alk
tr
ap
,
an
d
th
e
Sp
in
-
g
lass
m
o
d
el.
T
h
i
s
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
4
.
1
.
E
v
a
lua
t
ing
t
he
perf
o
rma
nce
o
f
det
ec
t
ed
co
m
m
un
it
ie
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
is
a
p
r
o
c
ess
u
s
ed
to
d
is
co
v
er
p
atter
n
s
in
a
n
etwo
r
k
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
o
d
es
th
at
s
h
ar
e
s
im
ilar
d
en
s
ity
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
to
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Nin
e
ex
is
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
an
d
ap
p
lied
to
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
h
ig
h
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
in
ex
p
licit
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
etec
ted
co
m
m
u
n
ities
an
d
n
o
d
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
in
ea
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
etec
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co
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m
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f
o
r
2
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h
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c
o
mmu
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o
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if
f
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e
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t
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ith
m
s
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tab
u
lated
i
n
T
ab
l
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
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u
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d
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
r
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ch
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
L
eid
en
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in
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,
an
d
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o
u
v
ain
as
th
e
b
est
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
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n
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g
th
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p
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f
o
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o
f
d
is
co
v
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co
m
m
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n
ities
o
n
d
atasets
o
f
d
if
f
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e
n
t
s
izes.
T
h
e
L
eid
en
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
etec
ts
co
m
m
u
n
ities
with
s
tr
o
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g
co
n
n
ec
tiv
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th
at
s
h
o
w
ex
c
ellen
t
r
esu
lts
in
s
m
all
d
ataset
s
.
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ts
ab
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y
to
h
an
d
l
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lar
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e
n
etwo
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k
s
p
r
o
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es
to
b
e
it
s
g
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test
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tr
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th
.
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in
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ac
h
iev
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b
alan
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d
co
m
m
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m
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t
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e
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ts
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3
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M
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du
la
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rm
a
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Mo
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(
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th
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m
ea
s
u
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f
h
o
w
well
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s
ar
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with
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co
m
m
u
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.
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(
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ce
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ely
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2
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e
d
g
es,
b
u
t its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es g
r
ad
u
ally
.
G
MO
an
d
C
NM
ar
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
wh
en
a
s
et
o
f
o
b
jects
is
co
m
p
ac
t,
b
u
t
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
h
en
th
e
s
et
is
lar
g
e.
I
n
f
o
m
a
p
an
d
W
alk
tr
ap
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
est
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
aller
-
s
ca
le
h
ie
r
ar
ch
ical
n
etwo
r
k
,
b
u
t
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
d
ata.
C
NM
s
h
o
ws
lim
itatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
co
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
,
wh
ile
K
-
C
liq
u
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
with
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
co
m
p
l
ex
d
atasets
.
T
ab
le
3
.
M
a
n
d
C
-
b
ased
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
ati
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
S
B
D
_
1
S
B
D
_
2
S
B
D
_
3
M
C
M
C
M
C
C
N
M
0
.
5
9
5
3
0
.
8
8
8
4
0
.
3
7
9
4
0
.
9
7
3
6
0
.
3
5
7
3
0
.
9
7
8
6
G
M
O
0
.
5
8
6
4
0
.
2
4
5
9
0
.
3
4
2
5
0
.
4
5
0
3
0
.
3
2
1
5
0
.
5
1
5
5
I
n
f
o
map
0
.
5
9
2
8
0
.
3
3
9
3
0
.
3
3
0
2
0
.
5
6
3
0
0
.
2
6
6
9
0
.
6
1
9
1
K
-
C
l
i
q
u
e
0
.
1
6
4
8
0
.
7
3
9
6
-
-
-
-
Le
i
d
e
n
0
.
6
4
0
2
0
.
2
2
4
6
0
.
4
2
0
3
0
.
4
5
5
7
0
.
3
9
9
1
0
.
4
9
4
4
Lo
u
v
a
i
n
0
.
6
1
8
1
0
.
2
2
1
9
0
.
3
9
3
8
0
.
3
7
7
4
0
.
3
5
2
0
0
.
4
2
8
3
S
LPA
0
.
5
7
6
5
0
.
3
2
4
5
0
.
2
8
3
6
0
.
4
5
2
6
0
.
0
2
8
3
0
.
3
5
2
8
S
p
i
n
G
l
a
ss
0
.
6
3
7
2
0
.
2
9
1
6
0
.
4
3
1
0
0
.
5
1
3
2
0
.
3
9
8
1
0
.
5
4
5
1
W
a
l
k
t
r
a
p
0
.
6
1
3
5
0
.
2
2
8
2
0
.
3
6
6
6
0
.
4
8
2
0
0
.
3
1
4
2
0
.
5
3
5
6
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ev
alu
at
io
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
4
.
4
.
I
nte
rna
l
a
nd
pa
rt
it
io
n d
ens
it
y
-
ba
s
ed
perf
o
rm
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
I
n
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
with
in
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
wh
ile
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
e
n
s
ity
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
I
f
th
e
s
m
aller
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
s
ize
n
at
u
r
ally
in
d
ica
tes
a
h
ig
h
er
i
n
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
v
alu
e.
I
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
ed
g
es
ar
e
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
t
o
co
m
m
u
n
ities
m
ea
n
s
th
en
th
e
p
a
r
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
v
alu
es
m
ay
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
Fo
r
SB
D_
1
,
K
-
C
liq
u
e
h
as
th
e
b
est
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
8
9
5
6
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
4
7
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
is
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
f
o
r
m
h
ig
h
ly
d
e
n
s
e
an
d
well
-
s
ep
ar
ated
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
SLPA
h
as
a
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
8
3
1
2
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
8
5
1
.
I
n
f
o
m
ap
f
o
llo
ws
with
an
in
ter
n
a
l
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
9
4
7
an
d
a
p
a
r
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
4
4
6
.
GM
O
g
o
t
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
an
in
ter
n
al
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
3
7
5
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
5
2
1
4
.
W
alk
tr
ap
also
wo
r
k
s
well,
as i
t h
as a
n
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
0
7
8
,
an
d
th
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
is
0
.
5
8
7
0
.
L
eid
e
n
h
as
a
m
o
d
er
ate
in
te
r
n
al
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
4
8
6
4
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
4
3
4
,
wh
ich
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ar
tif
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tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
t
h
e
d
etec
ted
c
o
mmu
n
ities
u
s
in
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l a
l
g
o
r
ith
ms o
n
…
(
K
ir
u
th
ika
R
.
)
925
id
ea
l
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
et
ec
tio
n
.
L
o
u
v
ain
g
iv
es
a
s
im
ilar
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
an
in
ter
n
a
l
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
3
2
1
0
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
5
8
4
7
an
d
it
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
b
ig
g
er
,
r
elativ
ely
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
ac
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
Sp
in
Glass
i
s
r
elativ
e
ly
lo
w
at
0
.
5
7
6
8
,
an
d
th
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
0
.
5
0
0
2
,
m
ea
n
in
g
th
at
it
is
well
s
u
ited
f
o
r
s
m
all
t
o
lar
g
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
less
er
in
ter
-
clu
s
ter
co
m
p
ac
tn
ess
.
C
NM
is
n
o
t
ef
f
icien
t
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
in
th
is
c
ase,
as
it
h
as
a
lo
w
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
0
5
6
2
a
n
d
a
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
-
0
.
0
0
3
3
.
T
h
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
alu
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
in
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
in
d
icate
s
les
s
s
ep
ar
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
ac
e
s
a
g
r
ea
t
ch
allen
g
e
in
id
en
tif
y
in
g
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
to
d
if
f
e
r
en
t,
d
is
tin
ct
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Fo
r
SB
D_
2
,
W
alk
tr
ap
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
o
th
er
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
in
ter
n
al
o
f
0
.
8
9
0
4
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
2
3
0
.
S
L
PA
with
an
in
ter
n
al
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
4
9
5
a
n
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
o
f
0
.
5
8
2
7
.
I
n
f
o
m
ap
h
as
an
in
ter
n
al
o
f
0
.
6
5
9
8
a
n
d
a
p
a
r
titi
o
n
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
4
7
5
9
.
GM
O
h
as
m
o
d
er
ate
r
esu
lts
with
an
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
6
5
5
an
d
a
p
ar
titi
o
n
o
f
0
.
5
4
4
0
.
L
eid
e
n
an
d
L
o
u
v
ain
p
r
ese
n
t
m
o
d
e
r
ate
r
esu
lts
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
i
n
th
e
g
en
er
al
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
titi
o
n
s
.
L
e
id
en
g
o
t
an
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
2
3
6
8
an
d
a
p
a
r
titi
o
n
o
f
0
.
1
9
1
7
.
L
o
u
v
ain
g
o
t
an
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
5
9
5
5
an
d
a
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
4
4
1
4
.
C
NM
i
s
lo
w
ag
ain
with
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
0
.
8
7
6
4
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
-
0
.
1
7
9
8
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
an
in
te
r
n
al
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
e
n
s
ity
u
s
in
g
K
-
C
liq
u
e
is
n
o
t
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
th
e
tab
le.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
K
-
C
liq
u
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
well
an
d
g
en
er
at
e
an
y
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
th
e
SB
D_
2
an
d
SB
D_
3
d
atasets
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e.
Sp
in
Glass
g
o
t
an
in
ter
n
al
an
d
p
a
r
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
3
4
7
8
,
0
.
2
6
6
8
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fo
r
SB
D_
3
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
W
alk
tr
ap
s
till
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
b
y
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
8
9
7
4
a
n
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
1
9
7
.
SLPA
g
ets
an
in
te
r
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
8
5
0
6
a
n
d
a
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
6
6
8
6
.
I
n
f
o
m
a
p
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
n
in
te
r
n
al
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
0
.
5
5
7
3
an
d
a
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
3
9
4
9
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
lex
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
GM
O
y
ield
s
r
eliab
le
r
esu
lt
s
with
an
in
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
7
7
2
0
a
n
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
5
3
4
9
.
Sp
in
Glass
o
f
f
er
s
lo
wer
r
esu
lts
with
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
2
4
9
9
an
d
p
ar
titi
o
n
d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
.
1
4
3
2
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
et
ed
as
th
e
lo
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
L
eid
en
an
d
L
o
u
v
ain
g
iv
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ith
m
id
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tifie
s
2
5
.
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s
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o
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itab
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s
in
g
f
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d
lar
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r
c
o
m
m
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ities
,
wh
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s
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v
ain
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as
a
b
alan
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g
en
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d
s
tr
u
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h
e
n
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m
ak
in
g
th
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m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
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o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
d
etec
tio
n
in
co
m
p
lex
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
v
alu
es
in
m
o
d
u
lar
i
ty
s
co
r
e
an
d
o
th
er
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elate
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m
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ac
h
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o
n
t
h
e
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an
d
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o
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v
ain
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o
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ith
m
s
u
s
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
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e
n
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r
k
d
ata
h
av
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
alg
o
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m
s
in
a
h
ig
h
ab
ilit
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to
d
is
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ef
in
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m
m
u
n
ities
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h
e
d
ataset
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d
in
th
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s
wo
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k
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n
o
t
co
m
p
ar
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to
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-
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ased
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en
ch
m
ar
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at
asets
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r
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b
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d
.
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h
e
SB
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n
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k
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ilt
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n
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h
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r
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u
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o
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m
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o
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n
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t
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e
d
ir
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tly
co
m
p
ar
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d
with
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e
o
th
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b
en
ch
m
ar
k
n
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r
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s
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t
th
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o
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c
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m
m
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ity
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tr
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ctu
r
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m
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r
m
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ce
f
o
r
th
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r
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wo
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n
d
Sp
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em
o
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ated
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m
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o
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m
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ce
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h
en
co
m
p
ar
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with
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s
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lts
r
ep
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ted
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th
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wo
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el
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ev
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to
o
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s
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r
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th
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ith
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co
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m
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s
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g
tr
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d
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o
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r
ce
s
.
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ce
,
th
is
w
o
r
k
ac
h
iev
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y
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
b
e
tter
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d
co
m
p
ac
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
o
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k
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r
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ce
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,
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o
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d
Sp
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g
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s
ar
e
th
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t
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est
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icien
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m
eth
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s
f
o
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m
m
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.
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a
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p
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p
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ith
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o
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im
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r
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v
in
g
co
m
m
u
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d
etec
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in
r
ea
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ata,
p
ar
ticu
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ly
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lin
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c
o
m
p
lex
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lar
g
e
-
s
ca
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d
atasets
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
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h
o
ws
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at
s
tan
d
ar
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m
eth
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d
s
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
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lar
g
e
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n
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b
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t
h
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co
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cc
u
r
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en
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k
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m
m
u
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T
h
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th
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RE
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NC
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[
1
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P
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.
[
2
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R
.
P
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[
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R.
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W
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X
.
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t
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d
e
t
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c
t
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o
n
,
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h
y
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c
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l
Re
v
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1
0
.
[
1
9
]
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.
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i
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a
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i
c
se
k
,
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n
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o
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o
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l
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re
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l
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.
[
2
0
]
M
.
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.
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a
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a
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n
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n
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n
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.
D
e
o
,
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C
o
mm
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i
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y
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o
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w
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o
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s
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l
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p
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2
,
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0
0
9
.
[
2
1
]
B
.
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z
a
a
n
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D
.
E
.
-
K
i
ss,
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A
u
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e
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o
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0
2
.
[
2
2
]
N
.
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.
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.
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.
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v
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,
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M
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.
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o
,
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A
g
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c
o
mm
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so
c
i
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w
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s:
t
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m
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p
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Am
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o
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f
Pre
v
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Me
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1
5
.
[
2
3
]
S
.
R
a
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.
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b
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A
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K
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m
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7
8
.
[
2
4
]
A
.
H
a
mm
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n
d
S
.
O
d
r
o
w
sk
i
,
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T
e
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m
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n
f
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rm
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6
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[
2
5
]
Z.
Y
a
n
g
,
R
.
A
l
g
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m
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r
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C
.
J
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T
e
sso
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e
,
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o
mp
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v
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l
y
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s
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c
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t
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k
s
,
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S
c
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f
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c
Re
p
o
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s
,
v
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g
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0
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e
p
3
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7
5
0
.
[
2
6
]
A
.
K
a
k
i
s
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m
a
n
d
I
.
S
o
g
u
k
p
i
n
a
r
,
“
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e
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s
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me
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t
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n
Pro
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.
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,
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8
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8
9
5
.
[
2
7
]
R
.
K
.
D
a
r
st
,
Z
.
N
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ssi
n
o
v
,
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n
d
S
.
F
o
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t
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t
o
,
“
I
mp
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w
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s,
”
P
h
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c
a
l
Re
v
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v
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l
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h
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e
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E.
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9
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2
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0
9
.
[
2
8
]
R
.
H
a
r
d
e
r
,
“
U
s
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c
o
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s
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p
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P
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t
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i
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n
t
h
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si
s.
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p
r
o
c
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d
u
r
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b
a
se
d
o
n
B
a
sh
a
n
d
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Q
L,
”
Me
t
h
o
d
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,
v
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l
.
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u
n
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.
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4
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0
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0
1
.
[
2
9
]
A
.
N
.
A
.
N
u
a
r
a
n
d
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.
C
.
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e
n
,
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x
a
mi
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d
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t
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t
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o
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p
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c
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0
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[
3
0
]
S
.
V
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a
h
a
d
e
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a
r
,
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.
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a
t
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l
,
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.
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t
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a
n
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h
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x
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t
a
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l
y
s
i
s a
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d
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o
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o
n
s,”
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o
u
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a
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g
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a
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v
o
l
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B
I
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S O
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AUTH
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RS
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iruth
ik
a
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h
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c
h
e
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c
.
)
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m
p
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ter S
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e
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o
f
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e
(M
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c
.
)
in
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ter
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h
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.
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n
Co
m
p
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ter
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c
e
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e
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e
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ro
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e
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fica
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d
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ls.
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h
e
is
c
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rre
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rs
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g
Do
c
t
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f
P
h
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(P
h
.
D.)
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n
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
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c
e
a
t
P
S
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R
Krish
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a
m
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r
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m
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e
e
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e
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,
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imb
a
t
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re
.
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r
re
se
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rc
h
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re
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f
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tere
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c
lu
d
e
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
,
we
b
m
in
in
g
,
so
c
ial
n
e
two
rk
a
n
a
l
y
sis,
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
d
e
tec
ti
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n
d
b
i
b
li
o
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tri
c
a
n
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ly
sis
.
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h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
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:
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i
rth
i
k
a
m
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le
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m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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r
ish
n
a
v
e
n
i
S
a
k
k
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CA.
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M
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,
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h
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D
.
,
i
n
C
o
m
p
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ter
S
c
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c
e
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c
u
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n
tl
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a
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n
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m
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tern
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tere
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d
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b
io
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fo
rm
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ti
c
s,
c
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ter
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tw
o
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k
s
,
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n
d
n
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ra
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two
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k
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h
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iew
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ti
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tern
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s.
S
h
e
c
a
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b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
r
ish
n
a
v
e
n
is
@p
sg
rk
c
w.ac
.
in
.
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