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an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
ar
e
k
e
y
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
t
h
e
f
is
h
er
ie
s
s
ec
to
r
in
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
an
n
er
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e,
s
tu
d
ies
s
p
ec
if
ic
ally
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
in
b
io
f
lo
c
-
b
ased
cu
ltiv
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
r
em
ain
lim
ited
an
d
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
a
p
p
licatio
n
in
a
b
io
f
lo
c
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
f
ill
an
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
cien
tific
ev
id
en
ce
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
o
r
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t,
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
aq
u
ac
u
l
tu
r
e
p
r
ac
tices [
2
5
]
‒
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
etwe
en
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
DO
a
n
d
p
H)
,
as
well
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
s
av
i
n
g
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
an
d
th
e
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
i
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
co
n
cr
ete
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
r
esh
wa
ter
f
is
h
f
ar
m
er
s
,
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
is
h
er
ies
in
d
u
s
tr
y
to
war
d
s
a
s
y
s
tem
th
at
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les o
f
a
b
lu
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
aily
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
f
r
esh
wate
r
f
is
h
f
ar
m
in
g
u
n
its
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
r
ee
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
m
o
n
th
s
in
1
2
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
p
o
n
d
s
,
ea
ch
with
a
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
3
.
1
4
m
³
(
2
m
eter
s
in
d
iam
eter
an
d
1
.
0
4
m
eter
s
in
h
eig
h
t)
.
E
ac
h
p
o
n
d
was
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
an
ae
r
atio
n
an
d
wate
r
cir
cu
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
o
x
y
g
e
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
3
3
air
o
u
tlets
.
T
h
e
m
ain
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
u
s
ed
in
ea
ch
p
o
n
d
in
clu
d
ed
two
ae
r
ato
r
s
(
b
lo
wer
s
)
with
a
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
o
f
2
0
0
W
atts
ea
ch
,
o
n
e
wate
r
cir
cu
latio
n
p
u
m
p
o
f
2
5
0
W
atts
,
an
d
two
lam
p
s
o
f
2
0
W
atts
ea
ch
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
to
tal
elec
t
r
ical
lo
ad
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
9
0
W
atts
p
er
u
n
it
(
T
ab
le
1
)
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
,
a
2
5
m
icr
o
f
ar
ad
(
µF)
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
was
in
s
talled
in
p
ar
allel
with
th
e
m
ain
elec
tr
ical
p
an
el
o
f
ea
ch
p
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
was
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
n
ee
d
s
,
aim
in
g
to
c
o
r
r
ec
t
th
e
lag
g
in
g
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctiv
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
s
.
Daily
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
d
ig
ital
k
ilo
watt
-
h
o
u
r
(
k
W
h
)
m
eter
,
wh
ile
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
wer
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
with
a
clam
p
m
ete
r
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
ite
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
s
tab
le
ae
r
atio
n
a
n
d
wate
r
cir
cu
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
alo
n
g
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t e
lectr
icity
u
s
ag
e
f
o
r
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
m
eth
o
d
,
with
tw
o
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
test
ed
s
ep
ar
ately
b
u
t u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
was
a
p
o
n
d
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
s
(
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l)
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tr
e
atm
en
t
wa
s
a
p
o
n
d
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
.
E
ac
h
s
y
s
tem
was r
u
n
f
u
lly
f
o
r
a
ce
r
tain
p
er
io
d
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
tak
en
d
aily
to
r
ec
o
r
d
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
i
n
k
W
h
)
,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
(
Am
p
e
r
es
an
d
Vo
lts
)
,
an
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
(
co
s
φ)
to
s
ee
h
o
w
m
u
ch
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
was
ac
h
iev
ed
af
ter
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
a
m
itig
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
was
also
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ad
d
r
ess
an
y
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
th
at
m
ig
h
t
o
cc
u
r
in
f
is
h
f
ar
m
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
u
s
ed
is
th
e
u
n
p
air
ed
T
-
test
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
o
n
th
e
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
-
Sm
ir
n
o
v
n
o
r
m
ality
test
;
th
e
s
co
r
e
o
b
tain
e
d
is
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
0
.
0
5
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
to
tal
d
aily
ele
ctr
icity
co
s
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licab
le
n
o
n
-
s
u
b
s
id
ized
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
r
s
m
all
in
d
u
s
tr
y
elec
tr
icity
r
ates.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
ts
f
o
r
in
s
tallin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ar
e
also
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
d
e
v
ice,
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
an
els
(
if
an
y
)
,
ca
b
les,
an
d
i
n
s
tallatio
n
co
s
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
d
ata
is
an
aly
ze
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
ely
to
ca
lc
u
late
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial sav
in
g
s
in
elec
tr
i
city
co
s
ts
p
er
m
o
n
th
an
d
p
er
y
ea
r
.
E
co
n
o
m
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
a
y
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
(
PP
)
an
aly
s
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
s
av
in
g
s
to
c
o
v
er
th
e
i
n
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
ts
an
d
in
clu
d
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
'
s
u
s
ag
e
p
er
io
d
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
a
n
et
p
r
esen
t
v
alu
e
(
NPV)
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
s
ee
th
e
p
r
esen
t
v
alu
e
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
,
as
well
as
in
te
r
n
al
r
ate
o
f
r
etu
r
n
(
I
R
R
)
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
v
estme
n
t
b
y
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
it
to
a
n
as
s
u
m
ed
d
is
co
u
n
t
r
ate
o
f
1
0
%
p
er
y
ea
r
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f c
a
p
a
cito
r
b
a
n
k
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
en
erg
y
efficien
cy
in
…
(
I
Ma
d
e
A
d
itya
N
u
g
r
a
h
a
)
337
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ec
lar
ed
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le
if
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
NPV,
an
I
R
R
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
d
is
co
u
n
t
r
ate,
an
d
h
as
a
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
o
f
less
th
an
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
.
W
ith
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
tech
n
ical
an
d
f
in
an
cial
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
as
a
r
elev
an
t
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
s
tr
ateg
y
in
s
m
all
to
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
f
is
h
f
ar
m
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
ae
r
ati
o
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
f
is
h
f
ar
m
in
g
p
o
n
d
s
with
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
i
n
s
tallatio
n
T
ab
le
1
.
E
lectr
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
s
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
P
o
w
e
r
p
e
r
u
n
i
t
(
W
)
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
u
n
i
t
s
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
i
me
p
e
r
d
a
y
(
h
o
u
r
s)
En
e
r
g
y
p
e
r
d
a
y
(
k
W
h
)
A
e
r
a
t
o
r
(
b
l
o
w
e
r
)
2
0
0
2
24
1
2
.
0
0
W
a
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
p
u
m
p
2
5
0
1
24
6
.
0
0
P
o
n
d
l
i
g
h
t
s
20
2
12
0
.
4
8
To
t
a
l
1
6
.
0
8
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
T
he
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
us
ing
ca
pa
cit
o
r
ba
nk
s
o
n e
nerg
y
e
f
f
iciency
a
nd
wa
t
er
qu
a
lity
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
9
0
d
a
y
s
,
d
ata
wer
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
eg
a
r
d
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
o
x
y
g
en
(
DO)
le
v
els,
an
d
p
H
in
t
h
e
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
f
is
h
er
y
cu
ltiv
atio
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
E
n
er
g
y
u
s
e
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
1
5
.
0
1
±
0
.
4
5
k
W
h
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
1
3
.
1
3
±
0
.
4
5
k
W
h
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
a
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
b
a
n
k
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
o
wed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
2
1
9
.
8
6
±
1
.
0
1
V
with
o
u
t
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
2
1
9
.
9
5
±
0
.
9
2
V
with
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
wh
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
p
r
ac
ti
ce
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
was
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
at
2
.
4
4
±
0
.
0
5
A
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
d
ec
r
e
ased
to
1
.
8
8
±
0
.
0
4
A
wh
en
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
was
u
s
ed
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
ef
f
icien
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
is
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
.
Fo
r
air
q
u
ality
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
DO
lev
els
wer
e
at
6
.
5
0
±
0
.
1
2
m
g
/L
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
s
lig
h
tly
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
6
.
6
4
±
0
.
1
2
m
g
/L
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
p
H
v
alu
es we
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
7
.
2
0
±
0
.
1
1
an
d
7
.
2
5
±
0
.
1
1
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
b
o
th
with
in
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
cu
ltiv
atio
n
ac
tiv
ities
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Daily
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
335
-
3
42
338
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Daily
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Daily
am
p
er
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Daily
DO
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Daily
p
H
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f c
a
p
a
cito
r
b
a
n
k
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
en
erg
y
efficien
cy
in
…
(
I
Ma
d
e
A
d
itya
N
u
g
r
a
h
a
)
339
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
i
n
s
tallatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
5
.
0
1
±
0
.
4
5
k
W
h
to
1
3
.
1
3
±
0
.
4
5
k
W
h
with
a
m
ea
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
1
.
8
8
k
W
h
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
in
lin
e
with
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
el
ec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
2
.
4
4
±
0
.
0
5
A
t
o
1
.
8
8
±
0
.
0
4
A
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
wh
ich
is
r
elat
ed
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
wer
f
a
cto
r
f
r
o
m
±
0
.
7
5
to
±
0
.
8
7
.
Vo
ltag
e
d
id
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
wee
n
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
(
p
=
0
.
5
5
4
)
,
s
o
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
ef
f
icien
cy
was
m
ain
ly
d
u
e
t
o
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es.
Air
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
s
also
s
h
o
wed
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
,
with
DO
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
r
o
m
6
.
5
0
±
0
.
1
2
to
6
.
6
4
±
0
.
1
2
m
g
/L
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
an
d
p
H
f
r
o
m
7
.
2
0
±
0
.
1
1
to
7
.
2
5
±
0
.
1
1
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
b
u
t a
ll th
ese
v
alu
es r
em
ain
ed
with
in
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
io
f
lo
c
s
y
s
tem
,
th
u
s
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
was
p
r
o
v
en
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
o
r
air
q
u
ality
.
Un
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
an
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
m
ain
tain
e
d
a
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
wh
en
th
e
lo
ad
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
,
t
h
u
s
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es.
W
h
ile
u
n
d
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
lo
ad
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
d
am
p
e
n
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
s
u
r
g
es
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
,
allo
win
g
th
e
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
to
o
p
er
ate
m
o
r
e
o
p
tim
ally
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
u
n
d
er
n
o
m
in
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
u
t
also
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
ad
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
i
n
th
e
f
ield
.
B
esid
es
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
s
,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
o
th
er
p
o
we
r
elec
tr
o
n
ics
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
s
u
ch
as
s
tatic
VAR
c
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
SVC
)
,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
ilter
(
APF),
an
d
s
tatic
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
STAT
C
OM
)
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
f
e
r
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
f
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
th
e
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
ac
es
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
ts
,
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
l
im
ited
s
p
ar
e
p
ar
ts
,
an
d
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ca
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
r
em
ain
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ac
tic
al
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
s
m
all
-
to
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
f
ar
m
er
s
,
wh
ile
ad
v
an
ce
d
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ies o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Po
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
u
ch
as
ae
r
ato
r
s
(
b
lo
wer
s
)
,
wate
r
cir
cu
latio
n
p
u
m
p
s
,
p
o
n
d
lig
h
ts
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
g
e
n
er
ally
o
p
er
ate
with
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
o
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
is
r
elativ
ely
lo
w.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
o
te
n
tial
d
is
to
r
tio
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m
ic
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
en
c
o
u
n
ter
e
d
i
n
p
r
ac
tice.
T
o
m
ain
tain
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
eg
u
lar
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
s
u
ch
as
v
is
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
,
ter
m
in
al
clea
n
in
g
,
an
d
p
er
io
d
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
,
with
r
elativ
ely
lo
w
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
I
DR
3
0
,
0
0
0
–
7
5
,
0
0
0
p
er
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
in
a
q
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
is
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
a
b
ilit
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
en
er
g
y
co
s
ts
.
Du
r
in
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
,
ae
r
atio
n
l
o
ad
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
f
lu
ct
u
ate,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
y
n
am
ic
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
r
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
.
I
n
s
talled
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
s
ad
eq
u
ately
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
th
ese
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
an
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
l
o
wer
s
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ca
n
ag
e
o
v
er
tim
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
g
r
ad
u
ally
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
eir
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
eg
u
lar
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
an
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
test
in
g
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
m
ain
tain
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
ar
e
s
m
all,
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
e
r
io
d
r
em
ain
s
s
h
o
r
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
o
u
tweig
h
th
e
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
s
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
s
tallin
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
i
s
a
tech
n
ically
s
o
u
n
d
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
m
all
-
to
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
in
b
io
f
l
o
c
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
r
e
d
u
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
,
an
d
m
ain
tain
wate
r
q
u
ality
s
tab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
with
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
e
r
io
d
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lo
n
g
-
te
r
m
b
e
n
ef
its
.
W
ith
p
r
o
p
er
m
ain
ten
an
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
r
is
k
m
itig
atio
n
,
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
h
ig
h
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
s
m
all
-
to
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
f
is
h
f
ar
m
e
r
s
,
b
o
th
as
an
en
e
r
g
y
-
s
av
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
as
a
s
tep
to
war
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
p
r
ac
tices.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
in
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
clea
r
b
en
ef
its
in
ter
m
s
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
.
Ov
er
9
0
d
ay
s
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
s
ac
h
iev
ed
an
av
e
r
ag
e
r
e
d
u
cti
o
n
in
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
2
.
4
5
k
W
h
p
er
d
a
y
(
1
2
.
5
1
%),
eq
u
iv
alen
t
t
o
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
6
.
4
k
W
h
p
er
m
o
n
th
o
r
6
8
6
.
2
k
W
h
an
n
u
ally
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
.
4
4
A
to
1
.
8
8
A
with
o
u
t
ca
u
s
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
v
o
ltag
e,
wh
ile
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
o
x
y
g
e
n
an
d
p
H
r
em
ain
ed
with
in
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Fro
m
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
a
n
in
v
estme
n
t
o
f
I
DR
1
,
5
0
0
,
0
0
0
f
o
r
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
u
n
it
ca
n
b
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
with
in
1
8
m
o
n
t
h
s
an
d
g
en
er
ates
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
NPV
o
f
I
DR
2
.
1
5
–
2
.
3
3
m
illi
o
n
o
v
e
r
f
i
v
e
y
ea
r
s
at
an
8
%
d
is
co
u
n
t
r
a
te.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
r
ate
o
f
r
etu
r
n
(
I
R
R
)
ex
ce
ed
s
5
0
%
an
n
u
ally
,
well
ab
o
v
e
b
a
n
k
in
t
er
est
an
d
in
f
latio
n
r
ates.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
a
n
k
in
s
tallatio
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
e
d
u
ce
s
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
s
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
u
t
is
also
h
ig
h
ly
p
r
o
f
itab
le,
m
ak
in
g
it
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
s
o
r
s
m
all
-
to
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
aq
u
ac
u
ltu
r
e
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
an
k
y
o
u
to
t
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Ma
r
in
e
Af
f
ai
r
s
an
d
Fis
h
er
ies
an
d
I
NSTI
KI
f
o
r
all
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
ey
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
p
p
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tio
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o
f c
a
p
a
cito
r
b
a
n
k
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
en
erg
y
efficien
cy
in
…
(
I
Ma
d
e
A
d
itya
N
u
g
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a
h
a
)
341
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
I
Ma
d
e
Ad
ity
a
Nu
g
r
ah
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
I
Gu
s
ti M
ad
e
Ng
u
r
ah
Desn
an
jay
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t f
r
o
m
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als in
c
lu
d
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
an
i
m
a
l
u
s
e
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
lied
with
all
th
e
r
elev
an
t
n
atio
n
al
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies f
o
r
th
e
ca
r
e
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
an
im
als.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
I
MA
N]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
esear
c
h
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
is
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
F
.
H
a
r
a
b
i
š,
J.
H
r
o
n
k
o
v
á
,
T
.
H
o
l
e
r
,
a
n
d
H
.
Š
í
p
k
o
v
á
,
“
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
f
i
sh
f
a
r
m
i
n
g
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
n
f
r
e
s
h
w
a
t
e
r
d
i
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