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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Dr
y
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
to
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
o
o
d
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
,
p
h
ar
m
ac
eu
ticals,
tex
tiles
,
an
d
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
[
1
]
.
Pre
cise te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
u
r
in
g
d
r
y
in
g
is
cr
u
cial
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
[
2
]
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
o
p
tim
i
zin
g
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
[
3
]
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
h
o
t
-
air
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
4
]
,
h
o
wev
er
,
o
f
ten
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
u
n
ev
e
n
h
ea
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
5
]
,
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
6
]
,
an
d
lim
ited
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
d
iv
er
s
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
in
v
esti
g
ated
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
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ce
d
a
p
p
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o
ac
h
es
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
ch
allen
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es,
s
u
ch
as
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
r
y
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
8
]
,
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
[
9
]
,
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
ies [
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
h
av
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
r
y
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lim
itatio
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s
r
em
a
in
.
Ho
t
-
air
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
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in
h
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en
tly
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s
tr
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b
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lo
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tr
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s
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ly
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with
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at
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v
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d
r
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tim
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latio
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.
Similar
ly
,
f
ee
d
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ac
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c
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b
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a
p
p
lied
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tem
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b
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t
its
s
y
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atic
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with
in
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tr
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s
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T
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ess
th
is
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ap
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l
in
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ased
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ty
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ates
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h
-
f
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q
u
en
c
y
in
d
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ctio
n
h
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tin
g
with
ad
v
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c
ed
co
n
tr
o
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m
ec
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is
m
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
h
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s
ter
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co
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c
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b
in
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d
with
p
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ase
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s
h
if
ted
p
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ls
e
wid
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m
o
d
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lat
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(
PW
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.
T
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is
in
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en
ab
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-
tim
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p
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th
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d
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tab
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if
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m
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T
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p
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s
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First,
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b
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4
A
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(
Je
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439
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an
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tly
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ed
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cin
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o
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tim
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co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
h
o
t
-
air
d
r
y
in
g
alo
n
e
[
1
3
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
it
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
[
14
]
–
[
1
6
]
b
y
m
in
im
izin
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r
is
k
s
s
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ch
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in
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co
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d
en
v
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o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
a
ct
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
wh
ile
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
r
en
ewa
b
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th
er
m
al
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
B
y
h
ar
m
o
n
izin
g
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
en
s
u
r
es
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ali
ty
wh
ile
r
e
d
u
cin
g
o
v
er
all
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
d
v
an
ce
s
th
e
s
tate
o
f
d
r
y
in
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
b
u
t
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ec
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
p
h
ar
m
ac
eu
ticals,
an
d
tex
tiles
,
wh
er
e
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t,
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
r
y
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
i
n
d
em
an
d
.
2.
T
H
E
O
RY
AN
D
B
ACK
G
RO
UND
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
h
as
em
er
g
e
d
as
an
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lla
b
le
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
r
y
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
2
]
.
Un
lik
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
v
e
ctiv
e
o
r
r
esis
tiv
e
h
ea
tin
g
,
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
is
co
n
tactless
,
en
ab
lin
g
r
a
p
id
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
with
h
ig
h
p
o
we
r
d
en
s
ity
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
I
n
a
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
d
r
y
er
,
an
a
lter
n
atin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
co
il,
p
r
o
d
u
c
in
g
a
tim
e
-
v
ar
y
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
th
at
p
en
etr
ates
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
w
o
r
k
p
iece
an
d
in
d
u
ce
s
e
d
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tiv
e
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
cu
r
r
en
ts
g
en
er
ates h
ea
t d
ir
ec
tly
in
s
id
e
th
e
m
ater
ial,
e
n
h
an
cin
g
b
o
t
h
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
a
n
d
d
r
y
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
2
.
1
.
F
un
da
m
ent
a
ls
o
f
ind
uct
io
n hea
t
ing
f
o
r
dry
ing
pro
ce
s
s
es
T
h
e
in
d
u
ce
d
h
ea
tin
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
is
g
o
v
er
n
e
d
b
y
Ma
x
well’
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
2
3
]:
∇
×
⃑
=
−
⃑
(
1
)
∇
×
⃑
⃑
=
+
⃑
⃑
(
2
)
wh
er
e
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
ity
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
i
eld
an
d
th
e
m
ater
ial’
s
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
:
=
⃑
(
3
)
T
h
e
s
k
in
d
e
p
th
d
eter
m
i
n
es th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
cu
r
r
en
t in
to
th
e
m
ater
ial:
=
√
2
(
4
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
en
s
ity
in
th
e
wo
r
k
p
iece
,
is
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
co
n
d
u
ctiv
it
y
,
is
th
e
s
k
in
d
ep
th
in
d
icatin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
en
et
r
atio
n
,
is
th
e
an
g
u
lar
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
ex
citatio
n
,
an
d
is
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial.
W
h
ile
th
ese
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
h
ea
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
th
e
ac
tu
al
elec
tr
ical
p
o
we
r
r
eq
u
ir
ed
is
esti
m
ated
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
lin
k
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
to
th
e
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
d
e
liv
er
ed
to
b
o
th
th
e
wo
r
k
p
iece
an
d
air
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
th
eo
r
etica
l
h
ea
tin
g
p
r
in
cip
les
to
p
o
wer
esti
m
atio
n
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
B
y
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
m
ater
ial,
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
p
o
wer
p
r
o
f
ile
ca
n
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
eo
r
etica
lly
s
o
u
n
d
b
u
t a
ls
o
p
r
ac
tically
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
u
s
tr
i
al
d
r
y
in
g
.
2
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
r
ela
t
io
ns
hip
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
h
ea
t th
e
air
ca
n
b
e
esti
m
ated
b
y
(
5
)
:
=
̇
Δ
(
5
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
h
o
t
air
(
k
W
)
,
is
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t
o
f
air
,
Δ
is
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
let
a
n
d
o
u
tlet a
ir
(
°C
)
,
an
d
̇
is
th
e
air
m
ass
f
lo
w
r
ate
(
k
g
/s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
438
-
4
52
440
̇
=
(
6
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
air
d
en
s
ity
(
k
g
/m
3
)
,
is
th
e
air
v
elo
city
(
m
/s
)
,
a
n
d
is
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
air
d
u
ct
(m
2
)
[
2
4]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
we
r
in
p
u
t c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
i
cien
cy
is
=
/
(
7
)
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
allo
ws
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
d
r
y
er
s
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t e
n
er
g
y
u
s
e.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
ed
des
ig
n o
f
ind
uct
io
n hea
t
ing
s
y
s
t
em
s
T
h
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
h
o
t
-
air
d
r
y
in
g
ch
a
m
b
er
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
iz
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
U
n
d
er
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
2
.
4
5
k
W
h
ea
ter
was
s
elec
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
tar
g
et
d
r
y
in
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
as
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
5
)
a
n
d
r
e
f
er
en
ce
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ch
o
s
en
air
f
lo
w
o
f
1
.
5
m
/s
en
s
u
r
es
ef
f
icien
t
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
cts [
2
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Op
e
r
atin
g
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
h
o
t a
ir
c
h
am
b
er
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
U
n
i
t
)
C
h
a
mb
e
r
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
0
.
7
5
×
0
.
6
2
×
0
.
2
1
m³
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
r
e
a
(
)
0
.
0
4
m²
A
i
r
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
(
)
1
.
2
2
k
g
/
m³
A
i
r
f
l
o
w
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
(
)
1
.
5
m
/
s
M
a
ss
f
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
(
̇
)
0
.
0
7
4
k
g
/
s
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s (Tₕ
/
T₀)
5
5
°
C
/
3
0
°
C
Th
e
r
m
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
(
)
2
.
2
4
k
W
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
ll
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
t a
ir
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
3
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l
des
ig
n a
nd
imp
lem
ent
a
t
io
n o
f
hig
h
-
f
re
qu
e
ncy
po
wer
inv
er
t
er
s
3
.
2
.
1
.
T
heo
re
t
ica
l
co
ntr
o
l st
ra
t
eg
ies
T
h
e
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
u
ll
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
in
v
e
r
ter
cir
cu
it,
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
,
o
p
er
ates
with
a
DC
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
f
o
r
p
o
wer
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
d
ju
s
tin
g
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
(
ϕ
)
b
etwe
en
o
n
e
p
air
o
f
s
witch
es
(
S
1
,
S
4
o
r
S
2
,
S
3
)
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
0
(
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
)
to
(
m
in
im
u
m
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
)
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
s
ix
d
is
tin
ct
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
s
,
ea
ch
cr
itical
f
o
r
r
eg
u
latin
g
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
to
th
e
lo
ad
:
−
Mo
d
e
1
(
t
1
–
t
2
)
:
S
1
an
d
S
4
c
o
n
d
u
ct,
d
ir
ec
tin
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
o
in
to
th
e
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
t o
u
tp
u
t c
ir
cu
i
t.
−
Mo
d
e
2
(
t
2
–
t
3
)
:
S
1
ce
ases
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
wh
ile
i
o
co
n
tin
u
es th
r
o
u
g
h
S
4
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
e
f
f
icien
t tr
a
n
s
f
er
.
−
Mo
d
e
3
(
t
3
–
t
4
)
:
S
2
co
n
d
u
cts,
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
io
d
e
D
s
2
u
n
d
er
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
witch
in
g
to
m
in
im
ize
lo
s
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
fo
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
d
r
ye
r
w
ith
temp
era
tu
r
e
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l …
(
Je
era
p
o
n
g
S
r
ivich
a
i
)
441
−
Mo
d
e
4
(
t
4
–
t
5
)
:
S
4
s
to
p
s
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
m
o
o
th
m
o
d
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
.
−
Mo
d
e
5
(
t
5
–
t
6
)
:
i
o
f
lo
ws th
r
o
u
g
h
D
s
2
with
S
3
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
u
n
d
e
r
Z
VS,
o
p
tim
izin
g
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
−
Mo
d
e
6
(
t
6
–
t
7
)
:
S
2
an
d
S
3
c
o
n
d
u
ct
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
f
ee
d
in
g
i
o
in
to
th
e
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
t c
ir
c
u
it.
Fro
m
t
4
to
t
10
,
th
e
cir
c
u
it
m
ir
r
o
r
s
th
e
tu
r
n
-
o
n
p
h
ase
with
r
ev
er
s
ed
cu
r
r
en
t,
e
n
ab
lin
g
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
.
T
h
ese
p
r
in
ci
p
les,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
h
y
s
ter
esis
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
l
[
2
7
]
−
[
2
9
]
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
d
r
y
e
r
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ph
ase
-
s
h
if
t PW
M
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
t
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
te
r
:
(
a)
cir
cu
it c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
; (
b
)
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t c
o
n
tr
o
l w
av
e
f
o
r
m
3
.
2
.
2
.
I
m
plem
ent
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
e
m
pera
t
ure
a
nd
v
o
lt
a
g
e
co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
em
p
lo
y
in
g
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
an
d
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
n
tr
o
l
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
w
h
ile
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
b
)
an
d
3
(
c
)
.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
ate
s
ig
n
als
o
f
th
e
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
e
r
ter
s
witch
es
S
1
–
S
4
,
th
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
v
o
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ti
n
g
s
ch
em
e.
Du
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
lef
t
-
s
id
e
s
witc
h
es
(
S
1
,
S
2
)
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
-
s
id
e
s
witch
es
(
S
3
,
S
4
)
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
o
p
er
ate
in
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
p
air
s
,
with
a
d
ea
d
-
tim
e
in
s
er
ted
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
ea
ch
p
air
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
s
h
o
o
t
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
ϕ
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
b
r
id
g
e
leg
s
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
in
v
er
ter
’
s
a
v
er
ag
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
m
ath
em
atica
lly
as
(
8
)
.
v
o,
avg
=
V
dc
(1
−
/
)
,
0
(
8
)
W
h
en
ϕ
=
0
,
th
e
two
b
r
id
g
e
leg
s
o
p
er
ate
in
p
h
ase,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
h
ea
t
d
eliv
er
y
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
wh
en
ϕ
=
π
r
ad
th
e
two
b
r
id
g
e
le
g
s
o
p
er
ate
in
an
ti
-
p
h
ase,
lead
in
g
to
a
ze
r
o
a
v
er
ag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
a
co
m
p
lete
s
to
p
o
f
p
o
wer
d
eliv
e
r
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
r
elies
o
n
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
f
r
o
m
a
K
-
ty
p
e
th
er
m
o
co
u
p
le
in
s
talled
in
s
id
e
th
e
d
r
y
in
g
ch
am
b
er
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
es
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
d
ig
ital
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
g
e
n
er
ates
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
cir
cu
it.
A
h
y
s
ter
esis
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
with
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
et
at
ℎ
∗
=
55
o
C
an
d
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
b
an
d
d
ef
in
ed
as
Δ
=
±
1
°
C
,
as e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
7
)
.
=
{
0
;
ℎ
<
(
ℎ
∗
−
Δ
)
/
2
;
ℎ
≥
(
ℎ
∗
+
Δ
)
(
9
)
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
wh
en
th
e
ac
tu
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
T
h
f
alls
b
el
o
w
th
e
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
(
ℎ
∗
−
Δ
=
5
4
º
C
)
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ets
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
to
ϕ
=
0
r
ad
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
h
ea
t
d
eli
v
er
y
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
w
h
en
t
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
(
ℎ
∗
+
Δ
=
5
6
º
C
)
,
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
ets
th
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
to
ϕ
= π
,
th
er
e
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
n
ea
r
ly
to
ze
r
o
a
n
d
ce
asin
g
th
e
h
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
ith
in
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
r
an
g
e
[
5
4
º
C
,
5
6
º
C
]
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
its
cu
r
r
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tate
to
m
in
im
ize
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
witch
in
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
s
u
r
es
s
tab
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
r
an
g
e,
s
u
p
p
r
ess
es
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
eser
v
es th
e
in
v
er
ter
’
s
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
438
-
4
52
442
3
.
2
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n set
up
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
t
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
f
o
r
m
etal
h
ea
tin
g
,
a
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
r
ec
tifie
r
,
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
im
p
ed
an
ce
-
m
atch
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
(
I
MT
)
,
a
n
d
R
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t
tan
k
.
T
h
e
I
MT
e
n
h
an
ce
s
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
s
ity
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
alv
an
ic
is
o
latio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
c
e
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
,
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
t
in
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
an
d
h
y
s
ter
esis
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ex
am
in
e
its
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
A
1
5
0
V
DC
-
lin
k
was
ap
p
lied
,
an
d
th
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
es
wer
e
d
r
iv
en
b
y
a
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
at
2
0
k
Hz
with
a
4
8
%
d
u
ty
cy
cle.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
an
g
les
o
f
(
S
1
,
S
4
)
an
d
(
S
2
,
S
3
)
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wer
e
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
0
°
to
9
0
°
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
W
ith
in
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
r
an
g
e
[
5
4
º
C
,
5
6
º
C
]
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
its
cu
r
r
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tate
to
m
in
im
ize
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
witch
in
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
s
tab
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
r
an
g
e,
s
u
p
p
r
es
s
es
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
eser
v
es
th
e
in
v
er
ter
’
s
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
cy
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
PW
M
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
l illu
s
tr
atin
g
(
a)
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ch
em
atic
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l b
l
o
ck
d
ia
g
r
am
,
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ates
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ase
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ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
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ase
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ase
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n
d
c
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r
r
en
t
(
i
o
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(
a)
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b
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(
c)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
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w
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lec
&
Dr
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s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
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No
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Ma
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n
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ase
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s
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g
ate
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ig
n
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S
3
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S
4
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d
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d
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r
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en
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Fig
u
r
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.
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n
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t
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d
c
u
r
r
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n
t w
av
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m
s
at
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p
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ase
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g
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f
9
0
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s
h
o
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a)
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ate
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2
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b
)
g
ate
s
ig
n
als
S
3
,
S
4
,
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d
(
c)
o
u
tp
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t
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o
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e
(
v
o
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an
d
cu
r
r
en
t (
i
o
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T
ab
le
3
.
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latio
n
r
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lts
F
i
g
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r
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P
W
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p
h
a
se
sh
i
f
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c)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l te
ch
n
i
q
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fo
r
in
d
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ctio
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co
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(
Je
era
p
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n
g
S
r
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445
4.
E
XP
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R
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UA
T
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
-
s
hift
co
ntr
o
l t
est
re
s
ults
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
PW
M
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
an
in
v
er
ter
in
a
h
o
t
-
air
d
r
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
th
r
ee
m
ain
s
tep
s
:
i
)
PW
M
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ar
m
s
o
f
s
witch
es
S
1
an
d
S
4
was
v
ar
ied
in
3
0
°
in
cr
em
en
ts
at
0
°,
3
0
°,
6
0
°,
an
d
9
0
°
to
ev
alu
ate
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
,
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
a
n
d
PW
M
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
d
iag
r
am
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
(
a)
an
d
9
(
b
)
;
ii
)
E
lectr
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
in
w
h
ich
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
u
s
in
g
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e,
an
d
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
a
p
o
wer
an
aly
ze
r
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
u
p
p
lied
p
o
wer
an
d
ass
ess
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
;
an
d
iii
)
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
m
e
asu
r
em
en
ts
,
wh
er
e
d
ig
ital
th
er
m
o
m
eter
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
i
n
th
e
h
o
t
-
air
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
d
r
y
in
g
ch
am
b
er
s
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
th
e
r
m
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
its
d
ir
ec
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
,
ca
p
tu
r
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
an
g
les
(
)
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
r
ac
tical
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
ical
o
u
tp
u
t.
As
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
0
(
a)
–
10
(
d
)
,
b
o
th
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
v
o
,
rms
)
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
i
o
,
rms
)
e
x
h
ib
it
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
as
th
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
an
g
le
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Sp
ec
if
ic
ally
,
at
=
0°
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
)
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
eliv
er
s
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
3
2
V
an
d
a
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
1
3
.
9
A.
W
h
en
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
is
ad
ju
s
ted
to
90°
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
d
)
)
,
th
ese
v
alu
es
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
9
9
.
5
V
an
d
1
0
.
1
A,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
elec
tr
ical
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
to
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
,
t
h
er
eb
y
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
a
n
d
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
r
eg
u
latio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
a
n
t
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
e
r
ac
tu
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
o
f
th
e
s
er
ies
-
r
eso
n
an
t i
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
an
d
its
co
n
tr
o
l sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
co
m
p
ar
in
g
(
a)
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
an
d
(
b
)
th
e
PW
M
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t d
iag
r
am
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
1
il
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
es
t
h
e
r
e
l
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
p
h
as
e
s
h
i
f
t
,
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
ct
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
h
e
a
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
A
s
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
°
t
o
9
0
°
,
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
c
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
2
,
0
9
0
W
t
o
1
,
2
7
0
W
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
a
t
z
e
r
o
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
a
n
d
a
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
s
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
d
i
s
p
l
ac
e
m
e
n
t
g
r
o
w
s
a
t
y
p
i
c
al
c
h
a
r
a
ct
e
r
is
t
i
c
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
.
S
i
m
u
l
ta
n
e
o
u
s
ly
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
d
r
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
9
1
t
o
0
.
8
2
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
as
i
n
g
r
e
a
ct
i
v
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
w
h
ich
l
o
w
e
r
s
r
e
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
.
T
h
is
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
c
o
r
r
e
la
t
io
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
a
n
d
b
o
t
h
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
r
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
r
e
g
u
l
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
h
e
a
t
i
n
g
.
T
ab
le
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t,
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
,
an
d
h
ea
tin
g
tim
e
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
tar
g
et
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
5
5
.
2
°C
.
As
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
in
cr
ea
s
es,
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
d
ec
lin
e
s
f
r
o
m
2
,
0
0
9
W
to
1
,
2
7
0
W
,
wh
ile
h
ea
tin
g
tim
e
ex
ten
d
s
f
r
o
m
7
.
1
8
m
in
t
o
1
8
.
0
5
m
i
n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
in
v
er
s
e
tr
en
d
in
d
icate
s
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
,
th
er
e
b
y
s
lo
win
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
th
er
m
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
ab
le
4
.
Ou
tlet a
ir
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
P
h
a
se
s
h
i
f
t
(
º
)
P
i
n
(
W
)
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
º
C)
Ti
me
(
mi
n
)
0
2
,
0
0
9
5
5
.
2
7
.
1
8
30
1
,
9
3
0
5
5
.
2
8
.
3
3
60
1
,
7
0
6
5
5
.
2
9
.
4
7
90
1
,
2
7
0
5
5
.
2
1
8
.
0
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
438
-
4
52
446
0
o
=
30
o
=
(
a)
(
b
)
60
o
=
90
o
=
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
in
v
e
r
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
at
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t a
n
g
l
es o
f
(
a)
φ
=
0
°,
(
b
)
φ
=
3
0
°,
(
c
)
φ
=
6
0
°,
an
d
(
d
)
φ
=
9
0
°,
s
h
o
win
g
a
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
o
u
tp
u
t m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t a
n
g
le
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
I
n
p
u
t
p
o
we
r
an
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
if
t
4
.
2
.
T
em
pera
t
ure
co
ntr
o
l t
e
s
t
re
s
ults
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
in
th
e
d
r
y
in
g
ch
am
b
er
was
r
eg
u
lated
v
ia
a
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ain
tain
s
tab
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Po
wer
in
p
u
t
was
ad
ju
s
ted
b
ased
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
ic
ien
t
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
d
r
y
in
g
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
with
a
n
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e,
an
d
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
a
p
o
wer
m
eter
to
ev
al
u
ate
en
er
g
y
u
s
e.
T
em
p
e
r
atu
r
es
in
b
o
t
h
th
e
h
ea
t
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
d
r
y
i
n
g
ch
am
b
er
s
wer
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
t
-
air
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
-
h
ea
ted
d
r
y
in
g
ch
a
m
b
er
.
C
h
am
b
e
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
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was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
wit
h
a
K
-
ty
p
e
th
e
r
m
o
co
u
p
le
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
d
ig
ital
co
n
t
r
o
ll
er
to
c
o
m
m
an
d
th
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in
v
er
ter
.
Hy
s
ter
esis
co
n
tr
o
l
w
as
u
s
ed
with
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
ℎ
∗
=
5
5
°C
an
d
a
b
an
d
o
f
Δ
=
1
°C
.
W
h
en
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
alls
b
elo
w
ℎ
∗
−
Δ
,
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
is
s
et
to
=
0
∘
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
h
ea
tin
g
,
wh
en
it
ex
ce
ed
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
fo
r
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
d
r
ye
r
w
ith
temp
era
tu
r
e
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l …
(
Je
era
p
o
n
g
S
r
ivich
a
i
)
447
ℎ
∗
+
Δ
,
=
90
∘
to
r
ed
u
ce
h
ea
tin
g
.
W
ith
in
5
4
–
5
6
°C
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
its
s
ta
te
to
av
o
id
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
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witch
in
g
.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
s
tab
le
tem
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er
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r
e,
m
in
im
al
f
lu
ctu
at
io
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s
,
an
d
p
r
eser
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ed
in
v
e
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ter
e
f
f
icien
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ien
t
tem
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er
atu
r
e
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ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
3
0
°C
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
er
m
al
im
ag
es
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
y
in
g
c
h
am
b
er
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
a)
,
th
e
ac
tu
al
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
p
o
i
n
ts
(
T
h
)
at
th
e
i
n
itial
s
tag
e
in
d
icate
a
r
is
e
in
tem
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r
e
to
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7
°C
with
in
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0
m
i
n
u
tes.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
in
itial
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
ef
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ec
tiv
ely
s
tab
ilizes
th
e
ch
am
b
er
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
b
)
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
u
n
if
o
r
m
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
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o
u
t t
h
e
d
r
y
in
g
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r
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ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
em
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er
at
u
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l d
iag
r
am
o
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th
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r
y
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g
ch
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b
er
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s
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g
h
y
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ter
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ee
d
b
ac
k
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
tem
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at
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r
e
co
n
t
r
o
l in
s
id
e
th
e
d
r
y
in
g
c
h
am
b
er
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
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e
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d
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r
r
en
t
o
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th
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n
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
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T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
(
R
MS)
v
o
ltag
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was
2
2
6
V
at
s
tar
tu
p
,
with
th
e
in
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ter
p
h
ase
an
g
le
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et
to
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°
at
0
0
:
0
0
:0
0
,
0
0
:1
5
:0
0
,
0
0
:
0
1
:2
5
,
0
0
:0
1
:5
5
,
an
d
0
0
:0
2
:1
5
.
T
h
e
R
MS
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ea
ch
ed
1
0
.
5
A,
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
s
et
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
5
5
°C
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
)
.
Af
ter
s
tab
ilizatio
n
,
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
was
s
et
to
9
0
°,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
R
MS
cu
r
r
en
t
to
5
.
1
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
p
u
t p
o
wer
an
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
with
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
in
itially
at
0
° at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
ea
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
ea
ch
ed
2
k
W
to
ac
h
iev
e
5
5
°C
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
)
.
Af
ter
s
tab
ilizatio
n
,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
p
h
ase
an
g
le
was
s
et
t
o
9
0
°,
r
ed
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cin
g
p
o
wer
to
8
5
0
W
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
in
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u
t
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
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d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
wer
e
2
2
6
V
a
n
d
1
0
.
5
A,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
8
3
.
Me
asu
r
ed
T
H
Dv
an
d
T
HDi
wer
e
1
.
5
% a
n
d
1
0
%,
with
in
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
lim
its
p
er
I
E
C
6
1
0
0
0
-
2
-
2
an
d
I
E
E
E
5
1
9
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
)
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
0
0
:0
0
:
0
0
–
0
0
:0
2
:
3
0
test
p
er
io
d
was
2
.
4
6
k
W
h
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
8
)
.
PW
M
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
in
3
0
°
in
cr
em
en
ts
af
f
ec
ted
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
e
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
3
2
V
an
d
1
3
.
9
A
at
0
°
to
9
9
.
5
V
an
d
1
0
.
1
A
at
9
0
°,
r
esp
ec
t
iv
ely
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
t
o
r
r
em
ain
ed
s
tab
le
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
)
.
Ph
ase
s
h
if
t
also
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
h
ea
tin
g
tim
e
an
d
p
o
wer
:
0
°
r
eq
u
ir
ed
2
.
0
7
k
W
an
d
7
.
1
8
m
in
to
r
ea
c
h
5
5
.
2
°C
,
wh
er
ea
s
9
0
° r
ed
u
ce
d
p
o
wer
to
1
.
1
5
k
W
b
u
t in
c
r
ea
s
ed
h
ea
tin
g
tim
e
t
o
1
8
.
0
5
m
in
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.