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[
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San
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[
2
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v
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if
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d
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esp
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itn
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[
3
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-
[
5
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.
T
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Am
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C
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p
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Me
d
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in
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ex
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8
8
0
6
P
h
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a
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d
a
s
s
o
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ted
fa
cto
r
s
a
mo
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F
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119
least
1
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in
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[
5
]
.
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its
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6
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A
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4
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f
p
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r
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[
7
]
.
Yet
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Similar
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d
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[
8
]
.
Similar
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E
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ies
s
h
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p
p
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y
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s
[
7
]
.
Acr
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s
s
Af
r
ican
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d
Asi
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n
s
,
cu
ltu
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atig
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f
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r
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er
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s
tr
ain
en
g
a
g
em
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t [
7
]
.
Pre
g
n
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t
wo
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en
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ac
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lex
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d
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ally
n
u
an
ce
d
s
et
o
f
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
en
g
ag
in
g
in
r
eg
u
lar
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
Pre
g
n
an
cy
o
f
ten
p
r
esen
ts
b
ar
r
ie
r
s
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
f
atig
u
e,
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
lack
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
tim
e,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
s
af
ety
f
o
r
th
e
b
ab
y
an
d
m
o
th
er
[
9
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
C
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
r
elig
i
o
u
s
v
iews
[
1
3
]
,
as
well
a
s
ch
ild
r
en
,
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t,
an
d
f
am
ily
d
u
ties
o
r
co
m
m
itm
en
ts
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
a
r
e
a
ls
o
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
cited
as
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
r
e
n
atal
ex
er
cise.
B
ad
wea
th
er
an
d
a
lack
o
f
co
n
v
en
i
e
n
t f
ac
ilit
ies ar
e
cited
as e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
e
x
er
cise
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
tu
r
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
e
n
atal
ex
er
cise
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
d
is
co
u
r
a
g
e
wo
m
e
n
f
r
o
m
en
g
a
g
in
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
tu
d
ies
as
s
ess
in
g
th
e
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
e
x
er
cise
am
o
n
g
p
r
eg
n
an
t
wo
m
e
n
in
W
est
J
av
a
Pro
v
in
ce
ar
e
e
x
tr
e
m
ely
s
ca
r
ce
,
as
is
r
esear
ch
o
n
p
r
en
atal
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
ex
e
r
cise a
m
o
n
g
p
r
eg
n
an
t w
o
m
e
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia a
s
a
wh
o
le.
Ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
s
tr
ateg
y
,
w
h
ich
in
teg
r
ates
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata,
wo
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
o
v
el,
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
r
en
atal
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
th
an
eith
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
alo
n
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
t
o
id
e
n
tify
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
in
W
est J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
S
t
u
d
y
de
s
i
g
n
a
nd
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
h
e
alth
-
f
ac
ilit
y
–
b
ased
s
eq
u
en
tial
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
d
esig
n
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
in
v
e
s
tig
ate
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
en
g
ag
in
g
in
p
r
en
atal
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
ex
e
r
cise.
Data
we
r
e
co
llected
b
etwe
en
J
an
u
ar
y
an
d
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
3
f
r
o
m
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t
wo
m
en
atten
d
i
n
g
an
ten
atal
clin
ics
ac
r
o
s
s
1
2
r
a
n
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
p
r
im
ar
y
h
ea
l
th
ce
n
ter
s
in
W
est
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
o
b
tain
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
q
u
alit
ativ
e
in
ter
v
iews
to
g
ain
d
ee
p
e
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
n
o
t c
ap
t
u
r
ed
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
2
.
2
.
O
pera
t
io
na
l
d
ef
i
nitio
ns
T
o
en
h
a
n
ce
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
clar
ity
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
:
-
Ph
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
g
n
an
cy
:
An
y
b
o
d
ily
m
o
v
em
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
k
eleta
l
m
u
s
cle
s
th
at
r
esu
lts
i
n
en
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
ab
o
v
e
r
es
tin
g
lev
els,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t,
an
d
leis
u
r
e
-
tim
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
as m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
eg
n
a
n
c
y
ac
tiv
ity
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
PP
AQ)
.
-
B
ar
r
ier
s
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
:
Self
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
e
r
s
o
n
al,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
o
r
s
o
cial
o
b
s
tacle
s
th
at
h
in
d
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t in
r
eg
u
lar
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
cise d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
.
-
I
n
ten
tio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
cise:
T
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
o
r
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
to
en
g
ag
e
i
n
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
p
r
en
atal
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
,
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
in
ten
tio
n
-
r
elate
d
item
s
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
-
Pre
n
atal
p
er
io
d
:
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
u
n
til
th
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
lab
o
r
,
lim
ited
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
wo
m
en
in
an
y
tr
im
ester
atten
d
in
g
an
ten
a
tal
ca
r
e.
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
ple
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
elig
ib
le
if
t
h
ey
wer
e
ag
ed
≥
1
8
y
ea
r
s
,
h
a
d
a
s
in
g
leto
n
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
,
we
r
e
atten
d
in
g
an
ten
atal
ca
r
e,
an
d
co
u
ld
r
ea
d
o
r
in
ter
p
r
et
B
ah
asa
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
e
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
a
b
ilit
y
o
r
m
ed
ical
co
n
tr
ain
d
icatio
n
s
to
ex
er
cise,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
s
is
ten
t
s
h
o
r
tn
ess
o
f
b
r
ea
th
,
v
a
g
in
al
b
leed
in
g
,
o
r
s
ev
er
e
c
h
est
p
ain
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
8
4
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
b
ased
o
n
a
s
am
p
le
s
ize
ca
lcu
latio
n
u
s
in
g
G*
Po
wer
(
v
er
s
io
n
3
.
1
)
,
ass
u
m
in
g
a
m
ed
iu
m
ef
f
e
ct
s
ize
(
f
²
=
0
.
1
5
)
,
α
=
0
.
0
5
,
an
d
p
o
wer
(
1
–
β)
=
0
.
8
0
f
o
r
m
u
lti
p
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
with
eig
h
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
ien
c
e
s
am
p
lin
g
was
ap
p
lied
am
o
n
g
wo
m
en
wh
o
m
et
th
e
in
c
lu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
an
d
co
n
s
en
ted
to
p
a
r
ticip
ate.
Fo
r
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
ase,
2
0
wo
m
en
wer
e
in
v
ite
d
;
h
o
wev
er
,
d
ata
s
atu
r
atio
n
was
r
ea
ch
ed
af
ter
1
5
i
n
ter
v
iews.
2
.
4
.
M
ea
s
ure
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ag
e,
g
estatio
n
al
a
g
e,
b
o
d
y
m
ass
in
d
ex
(
B
MI
)
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el,
m
ar
ital statu
s
,
p
ar
ity
,
an
d
h
av
i
n
g
a
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
co
m
p
licatio
n
(
y
es/n
o
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
1
1
8
-
1
25
120
2
.
4
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
i
v
e
da
t
a
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
ac
tiv
ity
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
a
t
o
tal
o
f
3
2
d
is
tin
ct
ac
tiv
ities
,
c
ateg
o
r
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
/car
eg
iv
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
(
1
2
ac
tiv
ities
)
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
(
5
ac
tiv
ities
)
,
s
p
o
r
ts
/ex
er
cise
ac
tiv
ities
(
9
ac
ti
v
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
7
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
2
o
p
e
n
-
en
d
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
n
o
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
lis
ted
)
,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
(
3
ac
tiv
ities
)
an
d
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
i
n
ac
tiv
ity
(
3
ac
tiv
ities
)
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
ass
ess
es
en
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
ass
o
c
iated
with
o
v
e
r
all
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
,
as
well
as
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
m
ild
in
t
en
s
ity
an
d
ab
o
v
e,
u
s
in
g
m
et
ab
o
lic
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
o
f
task
(
ME
T
)
u
n
its
(
ME
T
-
h
∙
wee
k
−1
)
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
e
n
er
g
y
e
x
p
en
d
itu
r
e
an
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
in
ten
s
ity
lev
els:
i
)
s
ed
en
tar
y
ac
tiv
ity
,
wh
ic
h
h
as
an
e
n
er
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
o
f
less
th
an
1
.
5
ME
T
s
;
ii
)
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
ac
tiv
ity
,
with
an
en
e
r
g
y
e
x
p
en
d
itu
r
e
b
etwe
en
1
.
5
an
d
less
th
an
3
.
0
ME
T
s
;
iii
)
m
o
d
er
ate
in
ten
s
ity
ac
tiv
ity
,
with
an
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
i
tu
r
e
b
etwe
en
3
.
0
a
n
d
6
.
0
ME
T
s
;
an
d
iv
)
v
ig
o
r
o
u
s
-
in
te
n
s
ity
ac
tiv
ity
,
with
an
en
er
g
y
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e
ab
o
v
e
6
.
0
ME
T
s
.
T
h
e
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
ME
T
v
alu
es
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
al
u
es
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
en
d
iu
m
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
pr
esen
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
C
VI
v
alu
es sp
an
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
3
t
o
1
.
0
0
.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
'
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
es r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
7
9
to
0
.
8
8
7
.
2
.
4
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
da
t
a
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
elin
e
was
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
1
7
]
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
with
ex
p
er
t
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
ialo
g
u
e
co
n
s
titu
ted
an
in
itial
in
ter
v
iew:
i
)
W
h
at
is
y
o
u
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
en
g
a
g
in
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
g
n
an
cy
?
ii
)
C
an
y
o
u
elab
o
r
ate
o
n
t
h
e
r
atio
n
ale
b
eh
in
d
ab
s
tain
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
c
y
?
iii
)
C
o
u
ld
y
o
u
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
n
h
o
w
to
m
an
ag
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
?
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
2
.
5
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
i
v
e
des
ig
n
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
o
b
tain
e
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
s
am
p
l
e
o
f
1
2
h
ea
lth
clin
ics.
A
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
z
ed
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
b
y
an
in
ter
v
ie
wer
,
was
u
tili
s
ed
to
g
ath
er
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
e
s
o
cio
-
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
eq
u
ests
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
in
p
u
t
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
o
b
s
tacle
s
to
en
g
ag
in
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
cise
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
in
atal
p
e
r
io
d
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
b
a
r
r
ier
s
to
p
r
en
atal
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
ex
e
r
cise
wer
e
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
th
e
item
s
wer
e
d
ev
is
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
th
e
m
s
elv
es.
2
.
5
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
da
t
a
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
B
ah
asa
lan
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
h
ad
a
d
u
r
atio
n
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
4
5
to
6
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
ese
in
ter
v
iews
to
o
k
p
lace
in
a
tr
an
q
u
il
r
o
o
m
with
in
a
h
ea
lth
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
w
ith
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
an
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
th
at
was
n
o
n
-
in
tim
id
atin
g
,
p
leasan
t,
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
civ
e
to
o
p
en
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
eir
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
to
h
av
e
th
eir
in
ter
v
iews
au
d
i
o
-
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
ese
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
wer
e
tr
an
s
cr
i
b
ed
in
an
ex
ac
t
an
d
u
n
alter
e
d
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
o
p
e
n
ly
ar
ticu
lated
th
eir
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
o
b
s
tacle
s
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
en
g
ag
i
n
g
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ex
er
cise
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
p
er
in
atal
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
h
an
ce
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
with
th
e
au
d
i
o
-
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
te
r
v
iews.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
f
u
r
n
is
h
e
d
with
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
an
d
em
er
g
e
n
t
th
em
es,
af
f
o
r
d
in
g
th
em
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
v
er
if
y
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
iews.
2
.
6
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
2
.
6
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
i
v
e
des
ig
n
Data
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
two
s
tatis
tical
s
o
f
twar
e
p
ac
k
ag
es:
I
B
M
SP
SS
S
tatis
t
i
cs
v
er
s
io
n
2
9
.
0
(
I
B
M
C
o
r
p
.
,
Ar
m
o
n
k
,
N
Y,
USA)
an
d
R
s
tat
is
tical
s
o
f
twar
e
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
3
.
3
(
R
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
Statis
tical
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
Vien
n
a,
Au
s
tr
ia)
.
E
ac
h
s
o
f
twar
e
was
ap
p
lie
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
aly
tical
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ig
o
r
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
b
o
t
h
d
escr
ip
t
iv
e
an
d
in
f
er
e
n
tial
an
aly
s
es.
B
M
S
PS
S
Stati
s
tics
was
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
,
co
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
d
in
f
e
r
en
tial
an
aly
s
es
o
f
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ataset.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
t
ics,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ea
n
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
,
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
ce
n
t
ag
e,
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
to
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
an
d
clin
ical
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
est
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
ality
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
s
k
ewn
ess
an
d
k
u
r
to
s
is
(
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e
−
1
.
9
6
to
+1
.
9
6
)
.
Fo
r
b
iv
ar
iate
an
aly
s
is
,
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
test
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
s
f
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
ical
v
a
r
iab
les
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
et
wee
n
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
Var
i
ab
les
with
a
p
<
0
.
2
0
in
b
i
v
ar
iate
an
aly
s
is
wer
e
e
n
ter
ed
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els
to
id
en
tif
y
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
r
e
d
icto
r
s
o
f
in
te
n
tio
n
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
.
Ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
lin
ea
r
ity
,
n
o
r
m
ality
o
f
r
esid
u
als,
m
u
l
tico
llin
ea
r
ity
,
an
d
o
u
tl
ier
s
,
wer
e
v
er
if
ied
b
ef
o
r
e
m
o
d
el
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
Var
ian
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
V
I
F)
v
al
u
es
<1
0
in
d
icate
d
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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lth
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8
8
0
6
P
h
ysica
l a
ctivity
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
cia
ted
fa
cto
r
s
a
mo
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t wo
men
:
a
mixe
d
…
(
F
ev
a
Tr
id
iya
w
a
ti)
121
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
,
a
n
d
R
²
w
as
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
m
o
d
el
e
x
p
lan
ato
r
y
p
o
wer
.
Statis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
at
p
<0
.
0
5
(
two
-
tail
ed
)
[
1
8
]
.
R
s
o
f
twar
e
wa
s
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
tatis
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
ally
,
R
wa
s
u
tili
ze
d
to
v
alid
ate
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esid
u
al
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
an
d
n
o
r
m
alit
y
p
lo
ts
;
g
en
er
ate
g
r
ap
h
ical
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
s
ca
tter
p
lo
ts
,
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
f
it
lin
es,
an
d
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
als)
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
;
an
d
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
d
e
ter
m
in
atio
n
(
R
²)
an
d
m
o
d
el
f
it
in
d
ices
to
cr
o
s
s
-
v
er
if
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
SP
SS
.
2
.
6
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
da
t
a
Qu
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
em
atic
co
n
ten
t
an
al
y
s
is
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
s
ix
-
p
h
ase
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
All
in
ter
v
iew
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
wer
e
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
ed
v
e
r
b
atim
in
B
ah
asa
I
n
d
o
n
esia
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
E
n
g
lis
h
f
o
r
an
aly
tical
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
f
ir
s
t
en
g
a
g
ed
i
n
d
ata
f
am
iliar
izatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ep
ea
ted
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
to
g
ain
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
n
a
r
r
ativ
es.
Nex
t,
in
itial
co
d
es
wer
e
g
en
e
r
ated
i
n
d
u
ctiv
ely
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
r
elate
d
to
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
,
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
.
C
o
d
es
wer
e
th
en
c
o
llated
in
to
p
o
ten
tial
th
em
es
a
n
d
s
u
b
th
em
es
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ted
p
atter
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
ataset.
T
h
ese
th
em
es
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
r
ev
iewe
d
,
r
e
f
in
ed
,
a
n
d
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
iter
ativ
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
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esear
c
h
team
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
cr
e
d
ib
ilit
y
,
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
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d
co
n
f
ir
m
ab
ilit
y
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
,
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
was
a
p
p
lied
b
y
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
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m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
b
y
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
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m
em
b
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k
in
g
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in
wh
ich
p
ar
ticip
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ts
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
co
n
f
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m
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th
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ac
cu
r
ac
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ter
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Field
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ef
lectiv
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o
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s
ed
to
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ain
tain
a
n
au
d
it
t
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ail
th
r
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o
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t
th
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aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
NViv
o
v
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io
n
1
2
(
QSR
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al,
Me
lb
o
u
r
n
e,
Au
s
tr
alia)
was
u
s
ed
to
ass
i
s
t
in
d
ata
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r
g
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izatio
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co
d
in
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d
r
etr
iev
al,
w
h
ile
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ter
p
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etiv
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s
y
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th
esis
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
em
er
g
in
g
p
atter
n
s
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
u
s
in
g
R
s
o
f
t
war
e
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
3
.
3
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
3
.
1
.
1
.
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
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r
es
u
l
t
s
I
n
a
q
u
a
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tu
d
y
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tal
o
f
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0
0
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r
eg
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t
w
o
m
en
wer
e
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clu
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e
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th
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y
,
with
a
r
esp
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n
s
e
r
ate
o
f
8
5
%
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
a
g
e
o
f
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t
wo
m
en
was
3
0
.
2
(
SD
=
3
.
7
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
g
estatio
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ag
e
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2
1
.
5
(
SD
=
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3
4
)
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
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4
4
.
5
%)
h
a
d
a
s
e
co
n
d
ar
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tio
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lev
el,
7
4
%
m
ar
r
ied
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d
5
7
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wer
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n
u
lli
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ar
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s
.
Ab
o
u
t
1
3
.
5
% o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
av
in
g
a
co
m
p
licatio
n
,
as sh
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
o
f
to
tal
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t
wo
m
e
n
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
ac
tiv
ity
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
1
8
3
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3
h
o
u
r
s
/wee
k
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SD
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2
3
.
2
)
,
an
d
th
e
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tiv
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h
t
in
ten
s
ity
a
n
d
ab
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e
was
1
5
2
.
9
(
SD
=
2
1
.
9
)
.
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y
th
e
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ten
s
ity
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h
e
m
ea
n
s
ed
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tar
y
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4
h
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r
s
/wee
k
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SD
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2
1
.
6
)
,
a
n
d
lig
h
t
ac
tiv
ity
was
1
1
0
.
4
h
o
u
r
s
/wee
k
(
SD
=
2
7
.
4
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
b
y
ty
p
e
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
to
tal
ME
T
wa
s
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
/car
eg
iv
in
g
(
5
6
.
4
,
SD
=
1
9
.
3
)
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
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co
r
r
elatio
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b
etwe
en
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
with
to
tal
ME
T
o
f
p
r
e
g
n
an
t
wo
m
en
.
Ag
e
was
n
eg
ativ
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o
ciate
d
with
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tal
ME
T
,
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ile
g
estatio
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al
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,
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
lev
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cu
r
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en
t
B
MI
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d
h
av
i
n
g
p
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n
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cy
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m
p
licatio
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p
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itiv
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ciate
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with
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tal
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T
.
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n
lin
ea
r
r
e
g
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ess
io
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,
it
s
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o
wed
th
at
ag
e,
g
estatio
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al
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g
e
,
ed
u
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tio
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lev
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c
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r
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n
t
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d
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g
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c
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m
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
ac
to
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s
o
f
PA
,
with
an
ad
ju
s
ted
R
-
s
q
u
ar
e
was 3
1
.
5
%
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
p
r
eg
n
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t
wo
m
en
(
n
=
2
0
0
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
n
(
%)
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
s)
,
M
e
a
n
±
S
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3
0
.
2
±
3
.
7
1
G
e
st
a
t
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n
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l
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g
e
(
w
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e
k
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,
M
e
a
n
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S
D
2
1
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±
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.
3
4
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
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l
l
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v
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l
P
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m
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r
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t
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v
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l
8
1
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0
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S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
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d
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t
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l
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v
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l
8
9
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4
4
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T
e
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0
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M
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t
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l
s
t
a
t
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s
M
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r
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d
1
4
8
(
7
4
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S
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g
l
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w
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d
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d
5
2
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2
6
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P
a
r
i
t
y
N
u
l
l
i
p
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r
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s
1
1
4
(
5
7
)
M
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p
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8
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s
2
7
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7
3
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6
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5
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T
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2
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P
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1
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2
T
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8
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3
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B
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H
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5
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4
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3
O
c
c
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c
t
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v
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3
7
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8
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T
r
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1
3
I
n
a
c
t
i
v
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t
y
4
2
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7
±
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.
9
1
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d
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ac
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1
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t i
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s
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t
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p
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s
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ac
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d
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r
in
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p
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a
n
cy
[
2
0
]
.
T
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f
ac
to
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s
ca
n
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p
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[
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.
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ce
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as
th
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tr
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latio
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eq
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tly
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h
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tu
d
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b
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Gr
en
ier
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t
a
l.
[
2
2
]
in
d
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s
th
at
in
tr
ap
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s
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r
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ly
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ac
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atig
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a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Hea
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Sci
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N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
P
h
ysica
l a
ctivity
a
n
d
a
s
s
o
cia
ted
fa
cto
r
s
a
mo
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia
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p
r
eg
n
a
n
t wo
men
:
a
mixe
d
…
(
F
ev
a
Tr
id
iya
w
a
ti)
123
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
p
h
y
s
ic
al
ac
tiv
ity
in
ter
v
en
t
io
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s
d
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r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
to
b
e
a
d
ap
tab
le
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
co
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m
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ate
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ical
ch
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g
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h
is
m
ay
i
n
v
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lv
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tr
an
s
itio
n
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g
f
r
o
m
lan
d
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ased
p
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to
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r
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ased
alter
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p
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es.
Hen
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r
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f
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io
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s
ly
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m
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p
h
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s
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ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
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n
an
cy
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
n
e
ce
s
s
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y
in
o
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d
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s
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tacle
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ltima
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g
wo
m
en
'
s
en
g
ag
em
en
t in
p
h
y
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ac
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ity
.
T
a
b
l
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.
T
h
e
m
e
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d
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b
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t
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