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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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n
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
PP
)
ac
r
o
s
s
Gh
an
a
’
s
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
s
.
−
P
r
o
b
lem
s
tate
m
en
t
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
m
is
e
s
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
m
an
y
Gh
a
n
aia
n
o
r
g
an
i
s
at
io
n
s
r
ep
o
r
t
m
i
x
ed
o
u
tco
m
es.
So
m
e
ev
e
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
li
m
i
ted
o
r
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
esu
lt
s
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
co
n
tex
t
s
[
1
4
]
.
E
x
is
ti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
te
n
i
g
n
o
r
e
r
elatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
[
1
5
]
,
cr
ea
tin
g
c
h
alle
n
g
es
f
o
r
SME
s
th
at
lack
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
in
teg
r
ate
t
h
ese
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
o
s
t
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
d
r
aw
n
f
r
o
m
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ec
o
n
o
m
ie
s
,
l
ea
v
in
g
a
g
ap
in
e
m
p
ir
ical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
Gh
a
n
a.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
g
ap
s
b
y
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
i
)
th
e
lev
el
o
f
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
Gh
an
a,
ii
)
its
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
PP
,
iii
)
th
e
m
ed
iati
n
g
r
o
le
o
f
SR
Q,
an
d
iv
)
t
h
e
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
h
i
n
d
e
r
in
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
er
s
a
n
d
p
o
lic
y
m
ak
er
s
w
h
i
le
en
r
ic
h
i
n
g
ac
ad
e
m
ic
d
eb
ates
o
n
d
ig
ita
l
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t
w
it
h
i
n
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
ec
o
n
o
m
y
co
n
tex
ts
.
−
L
iter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
is
a
n
c
h
o
r
ed
in
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
b
ased
v
ie
w
(
R
B
V
)
an
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
co
s
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
(
T
C
E
)
.
R
B
V
ar
g
u
es
t
h
at
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
co
m
p
eti
tiv
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
ar
e
v
alu
ab
l
e,
r
ar
e,
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
i
m
itate,
an
d
n
o
t
ea
s
il
y
s
u
b
s
tit
u
ted
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
E
-
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
u
c
h
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
,
h
elp
in
g
f
ir
m
s
c
u
t
c
o
s
ts
a
n
d
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
e
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
s
[
4
]
.
W
h
en
p
ai
r
ed
w
it
h
r
elatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
lier
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
C
E
,
in
itiall
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
o
ase
[
1
9
]
an
d
ex
p
an
d
ed
b
y
W
illi
a
m
s
o
n
[
2
0
]
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
s
th
e
ex
p
en
s
es
li
n
k
ed
w
i
th
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
,
n
eg
o
tiat
in
g
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
tr
ac
ts
.
I
n
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t,
th
e
s
e
co
s
ts
o
f
te
n
e
m
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
as
y
m
m
e
tr
y
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
is
tic
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
.
E
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
iti
g
ates
s
u
c
h
is
s
u
e
s
b
y
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
is
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
a
u
to
m
ati
n
g
task
s
,
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
T
C
E
also
s
tr
ess
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
r
el
atio
n
al
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
,
s
in
ce
tr
u
s
t a
n
d
co
o
p
er
atio
n
h
elp
to
r
ed
u
ce
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
e
n
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
E
v
id
en
ce
f
r
o
m
Su
b
-
Sa
h
ar
an
Af
r
ica
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
th
at
w
h
ile
a
war
en
ess
o
f
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
is
h
ig
h
,
ac
tu
a
l
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
is
r
estricte
d
b
y
p
o
o
r
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e,
li
m
ite
d
f
in
an
ce
,
a
n
d
g
ap
s
in
tech
n
i
ca
l
s
k
ill
s
.
Gh
a
n
aia
n
s
m
al
l
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
-
s
ized
en
ter
p
r
is
es
(
SME
s
)
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
r
ec
o
g
n
i
s
e
t
h
eir
p
o
ten
tial
b
u
t
f
a
ce
af
f
o
r
d
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
b
ar
r
ie
r
s
[
9
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
a
b
le
r
esu
lts
ac
r
o
s
s
E
ast
Af
r
ica
p
o
in
t to
cu
lt
u
r
al
r
esi
s
tan
ce
an
d
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
p
o
lic
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ie
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
r
esear
c
h
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
m
aj
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
p
ee
d
,
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
ac
co
u
n
tab
il
it
y
[
2
]
,
[
6
]
.
Sti
ll,
in
s
titu
t
io
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
cu
lt
u
r
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
a
r
e
es
s
en
tial
to
r
ea
lis
e
th
ese
b
en
e
f
it
s
.
SR
Q
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
v
ie
w
ed
a
s
a
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
in
u
n
lo
ck
i
n
g
th
e
f
u
ll
p
o
ten
tia
l
o
f
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t.
I
ts
m
ai
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
ar
e
tr
u
s
t,
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
PP
w
h
ile
also
m
ed
iati
n
g
t
h
e
lin
k
b
et
w
ee
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
A
h
m
ed
an
d
Sid
d
iq
u
i
[
1
1
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
SR
Q
en
h
a
n
ce
s
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ar
tl
y
ex
p
lai
n
s
h
o
w
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
r
esu
l
ts
.
Si
m
il
ar
l
y
,
B
en
s
ao
u
a
n
d
Ven
k
atr
a
m
a
n
[
1
5
]
s
tr
ess
ed
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
en
e
f
it
s
o
f
tr
u
s
t
-
b
ased
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
.
I
n
Gh
a
n
a
,
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
u
p
p
lier
r
elatio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
g
r
ea
ter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
i
n
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
[
7
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
w
ea
k
s
u
p
p
lier
ties
o
f
te
n
li
m
it t
h
e
r
etu
r
n
s
f
r
o
m
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
ts
[
2
]
.
No
n
eth
ele
s
s
,
ad
o
p
tio
n
ch
alle
n
g
es
r
e
m
a
in
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
Fin
a
n
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
f
r
a
g
ile
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
an
d
li
m
it
ed
tech
n
ical
k
n
o
w
-
h
o
w
s
lo
w
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
9
]
,
[
7
]
.
B
r
o
ad
e
r
is
s
u
es,
s
u
ch
a
s
w
ea
k
p
o
lic
y
en
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t,
r
elu
ct
an
ce
to
ch
an
g
e,
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
t
h
r
ea
ts
,
a
n
d
lo
w
s
u
p
p
lier
o
n
b
o
ar
d
in
g
,
ad
d
f
u
r
th
er
o
b
s
tacle
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
R
u
r
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
,
in
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
,
s
tr
u
g
g
le
w
it
h
in
ad
eq
u
ate
i
n
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
lo
w
d
ig
ita
l liter
ac
y
,
lead
i
n
g
to
u
n
d
er
u
t
ilis
at
io
n
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
b
u
ilt
o
n
R
B
V
an
d
T
C
E
,
s
u
g
g
es
ts
th
a
t
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t i
m
p
r
o
v
es
PP
b
y
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
en
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
,
w
h
ile
SR
Q
ac
ts
a
s
a
m
ed
i
ati
n
g
f
ac
to
r
.
I
n
Gh
a
n
a
’
s
co
n
tex
t,
r
elatio
n
al
q
u
al
ities
s
u
c
h
as
tr
u
s
t,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
h
elp
f
ir
m
s
tr
an
s
late
d
ig
ita
l
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
to
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
en
ef
its
.
Op
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
s
ar
e:
i)
e
-
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
d
ig
i
tal
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t
ac
ti
v
it
ies
s
u
c
h
as
r
eq
u
i
s
itio
n
in
g
,
ten
d
er
in
g
,
o
r
d
er
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
lier
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
a
u
to
m
a
tio
n
,
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
an
d
in
te
g
r
atio
n
;
ii)
PP
:
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
p
r
o
cu
r
em
en
t,
ass
es
s
ed
v
ia
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
c
y
cle
ti
m
e,
an
d
s
u
p
p
lier
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
es
s
;
iii)
SR
Q
:
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
s
tr
en
g
th
b
et
w
ee
n
f
ir
m
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
lier
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
tr
u
s
t,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t,
an
d
d
is
p
u
te
r
eso
lu
tio
n
;
i
v
)
t
o
p
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
:
lead
er
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h
ip
i
n
v
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l
v
e
m
en
t
in
e
-
p
r
o
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m
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n
t
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
,
co
v
er
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
an
d
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
;
v
)
u
s
er
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
:
s
taf
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
s
k
i
lls
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n
s
y
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te
m
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e,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
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f
o
r
m
at
io
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
a
m
i
liar
it
y
,
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
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6930
T
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24
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C
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2.
M
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le
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test
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ip
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ac
r
o
s
s
G
h
an
aia
n
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
R
o
o
ted
in
p
o
s
itiv
i
s
m
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
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ed
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h
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t
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le,
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j
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tiv
e,
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d
b
est
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d
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
m
p
ir
ical,
r
ep
licab
le
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
2
4
]
.
Stru
ct
u
r
ed
,
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
ed
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
s
en
s
u
r
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s
tan
d
ar
d
is
ed
d
ata
co
llectio
n
ac
r
o
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s
i
n
d
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s
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ie
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io
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w
h
ile
e
n
ab
lin
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m
ed
iatio
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m
o
d
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g
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u
ate
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A
d
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ip
ti
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p
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ted
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ti
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o
r
g
an
is
at
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
a
n
d
tr
en
d
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
r
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-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
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m
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ap
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f
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eg
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r
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h
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t 5
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in
i
s
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atio
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.
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h
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p
o
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u
lat
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w
as
c
h
o
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en
f
o
r
its
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r
ac
tical
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
w
it
h
e
-
p
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cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
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s
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p
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lier
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
s
.
I
n
c
lu
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io
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o
f
d
iv
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s
e
s
ec
to
r
s
a
n
d
r
eg
io
n
s
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
ed
v
a
lid
it
y
,
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
n
es
s
,
an
d
n
a
tio
n
al
ap
p
licab
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y
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
(
1
)
[
2
6
]
:
=
(
1
+
2
)
=
5000
(
1
+
5000
(
0
.
05
)
2
)
=
5000
(
1
+
12
.
5
)
=
370
(
1
)
w
h
er
e:
=
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
=
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
(
5
,
0
0
0
)
=
m
ar
g
i
n
o
f
er
r
o
r
(
0
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0
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at
9
5
% c
o
n
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id
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ce
lev
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l)
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
a
m
p
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s
ize
o
f
3
7
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r
esp
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n
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en
ts
w
a
s
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ed
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tati
s
ti
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ate
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o
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ltip
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m
ed
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test
i
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,
w
h
ich
r
eq
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ir
e
m
o
d
er
ate
-
to
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lar
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e
s
a
m
p
l
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f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
s
tatis
t
ical
p
o
w
er
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
co
n
f
o
r
m
ed
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ac
ce
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ted
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s
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ce
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r
ep
r
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tativ
e
n
es
s
ac
r
o
s
s
o
r
g
a
n
is
at
io
n
al
t
y
p
e
s
an
d
r
eg
io
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s
.
A
s
tr
ati
f
ied
r
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d
o
m
s
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m
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li
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g
s
tr
ate
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y
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s
ap
p
lied
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u
ar
an
tee
p
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p
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r
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al
r
ep
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tatio
n
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
a
n
d
r
o
les,
w
it
h
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
w
ith
in
ea
c
h
s
tr
at
u
m
to
m
i
n
i
m
is
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b
ias
a
n
d
ca
p
tu
r
e
Gh
a
n
a’
s
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iv
er
s
e
p
r
o
cu
r
em
e
n
t
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
es
[
2
4
]
.
A
to
tal
o
f
3
7
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
,
w
i
th
7
0
%
f
r
o
m
A
cc
r
a
(
2
5
9
)
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d
3
0
%
f
r
o
m
T
em
a
(
1
1
1
)
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
ac
t
u
al
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
b
o
th
ci
ties
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
lar
g
e
s
t
s
h
ar
e
(
=
92
)
,
w
h
ile
lo
g
is
tic
s
h
a
d
th
e
s
m
al
lest
(
=
56
)
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
al
allo
ca
tio
n
m
i
n
i
m
i
s
ed
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
b
ias
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
n
es
s
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
atif
icat
io
n
also
ad
d
r
ess
ed
p
o
ten
tial
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
ias
b
y
b
al
an
cin
g
s
ec
to
r
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
e
t
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
lo
ca
tio
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
en
h
an
ce
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
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ca
l
r
ig
o
u
r
,
ex
ter
n
al
v
alid
it
y
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
esti
m
ate
s
,
m
ak
in
g
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
m
o
r
e
g
en
er
ali
s
ab
le
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
i
s
t
s
ta
n
ce
o
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
it
y
.
Data
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
s
t
u
d
ies
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
to
o
l
co
v
er
ed
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
SR
Q
,
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
u
s
er
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
.
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
w
er
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le,
an
d
clar
it
y
w
a
s
en
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
er
t
r
ev
ie
w
s
an
d
a
p
ilo
t
w
it
h
2
0
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
w
h
ich
g
u
id
ed
r
ev
is
io
n
s
to
w
o
r
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
la
y
o
u
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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o
n
s
tr
atin
g
r
eliab
ili
t
y
[
27]
.
T
h
ese
s
tep
s
s
ec
u
r
ed
b
o
th
p
s
y
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h
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ased
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m
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tio
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22
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o
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t
h
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sp
o
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d
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n
t
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Data
co
llectio
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s
p
an
n
ed
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u
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p
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ted
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n
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tan
t
s
w
h
o
f
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llo
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ed
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s
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ar
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s
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o
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f
id
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t
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alit
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w
as
e
n
s
u
r
ed
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an
d
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m
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er
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m
p
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o
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ar
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y
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co
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d
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al
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it
h
SP
SS
v
2
7
,
u
s
i
n
g
d
escr
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tiv
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d
i
n
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er
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tial
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tics
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9
5
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f
id
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el
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=
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.
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ch
allen
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d
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s
,
p
r
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ted
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tab
les
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lin
k
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to
ex
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s
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liter
at
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p
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ased
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t
h
e
p
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en
s
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r
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a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
t a
n
al
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s
is
.
3
.
1
.
Dem
o
g
ra
ph
ic
s
o
f
t
he
r
esp
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ent
s
T
h
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
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ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
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o
f
th
e
3
7
0
r
esp
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d
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
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ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
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h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
a
m
p
le
s
h
o
w
ed
a
f
a
ir
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y
b
ala
n
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d
g
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d
er
m
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x
,
w
it
h
s
l
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tl
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r
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m
ales
(
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5
.
7
%)
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n
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m
al
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4
4
.
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s
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esp
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in
th
e
2
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–
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ly
to
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r
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m
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d
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m
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d
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d
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t
s
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n
o
tab
l
y
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f
o
r
m
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tech
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o
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IT
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in
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s
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,
p
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cu
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t,
a
n
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ce
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r
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v
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a
b
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tiv
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n
e
-
p
r
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r
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m
en
t
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p
tio
n
.
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ab
le
2
.
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o
g
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ap
h
ic
s
o
f
t
h
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r
esp
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n
d
en
ts
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s
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ce
V
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r
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a
b
l
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C
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F
r
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%)
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M
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p
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–
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1
3
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–
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3
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3
40
–
49
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2
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5
5
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+
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5
Ed
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h
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llab
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is
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t
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f
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s
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f
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f
d
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te
m
s
in
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t
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w
it
h
p
r
o
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r
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n
t r
eg
u
lat
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.
3
.
6
.
Cha
lleng
es
hin
dering
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
eness
o
f
E
P
S
in G
h
a
na
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h
e
f
o
u
r
th
o
b
j
ec
tiv
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o
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th
is
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d
y
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o
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g
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t
to
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aj
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g
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h
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ti
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m
p
le
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o
f
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in
Gh
a
n
a.
A
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
9
,
r
esp
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ts
ev
a
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4
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5
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l
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7
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1
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1
4
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.
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[
1
5
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B
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