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d
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w
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d
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R
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ltag
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T
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ich
Ng
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-
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Dep
ar
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Air
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t T
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ical
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Facu
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Av
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C
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RO
D
UCT
I
O
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T
h
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r
ap
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d
g
r
o
wth
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
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n
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n
h
as
le
d
to
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
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d
em
an
d
s
.
As
th
e
n
u
m
b
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o
f
m
o
b
ile
an
d
wir
eless
d
ev
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in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
lim
itatio
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s
o
f
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r
en
t
b
an
d
wid
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an
d
laten
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b
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a
p
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Six
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-
g
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6
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wir
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ess
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
e
p
r
esen
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a
m
ajo
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ad
v
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m
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b
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o
n
d
5
G,
p
r
o
v
id
in
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co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
in
a
v
ar
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o
f
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o
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m
en
ts
,
m
in
im
al
laten
c
y
,
an
d
m
u
c
h
f
aster
d
ata
r
ates.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
in
d
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s
tr
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o
r
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d
ata
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ates
m
ay
ex
ce
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g
ig
ab
its
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
(
G
b
p
s
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an
d
ap
p
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o
ac
h
ter
ab
its
p
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s
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o
n
d
(
T
b
p
s
)
wi
th
in
th
e
n
ex
t
d
ec
a
d
e
[
1
]
.
T
o
m
ee
t
th
ese
cr
iter
ia,
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
to
u
s
e
th
e
te
r
ah
er
tz
(
T
Hz)
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e,
w
h
ich
r
an
g
es
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
to
1
0
T
Hz,
an
d
d
eliv
er
s
ex
ten
s
iv
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
with
v
er
y
lo
w
laten
cy
[
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
k
ey
o
b
jectiv
es
is
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
laten
cy
as
lo
w
as
o
n
e
m
icr
o
s
ec
o
n
d
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Du
e
to
its
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
th
e
T
Hz
b
an
d
m
ak
es
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
im
ag
in
g
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
a
n
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
wit
h
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
ten
tial
in
ae
r
o
s
p
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
f
lig
h
t
co
n
tr
o
l.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
it
also
f
ac
es
n
o
tab
le
ch
allen
g
es,
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
s
ig
n
al
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
p
ath
lo
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ca
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s
ed
b
y
wate
r
v
ap
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r
an
d
m
o
lecu
lar
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
i
n
th
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atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
[
1
3
]
.
An
ten
n
as
ar
e
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
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n
s
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tem
s
,
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elec
tr
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ag
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wav
es
an
d
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T
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n
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s
ig
n
al
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
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an
d
r
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ep
tio
n
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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TEL
KOM
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elec
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m
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m
p
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C
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n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
3
8
7
-
39
388
th
er
eb
y
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
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y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
6
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
a
n
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
m
u
s
t
ad
ap
t
to
s
u
p
p
o
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t
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f
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tiv
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h
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f
r
e
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u
en
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b
a
n
d
s
,
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n
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in
g
m
illi
m
eter
-
wav
e
(
m
m
W
av
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an
d
T
Hz
r
an
g
es,
wh
er
e
wav
ele
n
g
th
s
ar
e
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n
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id
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ly
s
h
o
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ter
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h
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eq
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n
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with
r
ed
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ce
d
p
h
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ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
h
ig
h
r
ad
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n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
en
h
a
n
ce
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
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to
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r
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s
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ec
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p
lex
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v
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m
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ts
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ef
f
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tiv
el
y
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d
r
ess
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ath
lo
s
s
an
d
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
[
4
]
.
Fo
r
6
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
th
e
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
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an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
m
u
s
t m
ee
t sev
er
al
cr
iti
ca
l sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
1
4
]
:
−
Fre
q
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e:
T
Hz
b
an
d
(
0
.
1
–
1
0
T
Hz)
is
ess
en
tial f
o
r
u
ltr
a
-
h
ig
h
-
s
p
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d
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
−
B
an
d
wid
th
:
u
lt
ra
-
wid
eb
an
d
(
UW
B
)
an
d
m
u
lti
-
b
an
d
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
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,
with
f
r
ac
tio
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5
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to
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h
ig
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ata
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ates a
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ltip
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e
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ases
.
−
R
ad
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p
atter
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:
de
p
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d
in
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o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
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o
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m
n
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ly
d
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o
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ee
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.
−
Size
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co
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t: c
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co
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t d
esig
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ed
t
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
teg
r
atio
n
a
n
d
m
a
s
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
−
Po
lar
izatio
n
:
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
iza
tio
n
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
lar
izatio
n
m
is
m
atch
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
ig
n
al
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
−
Fu
n
ctio
n
ality
:
m
u
lt
i
-
b
an
d
a
n
ten
n
as
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
u
lt
i
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
u
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t scen
ar
i
o
s
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
s
ig
n
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
h
ap
es,
o
r
m
ater
ials
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tco
m
e.
Kr
is
h
n
a
C
h
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
c
o
m
p
ac
t
g
r
ap
h
en
e
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
atin
g
in
th
e
T
Hz
r
an
g
e,
f
ea
tu
r
i
n
g
a
m
o
d
if
ied
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atc
h
with
a
s
lo
t
-
lo
a
d
e
d
T
-
s
h
ap
e
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
W
ith
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
o
n
l
y
1
3
0
×
1
0
0
µm
²,
it a
ch
iev
es a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
−1
9
.
4
9
d
B
at
a
r
eso
n
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t
f
r
e
q
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en
c
y
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etwe
en
0
.
5
7
an
d
1
.
0
2
T
Hz.
B
y
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tili
zin
g
th
is
s
h
ap
e,
th
e
d
esig
n
im
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r
o
v
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th
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f
r
ac
tio
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p
r
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x
im
ately
8
9
2
.
9
8
%
co
m
p
a
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ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
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aselin
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T
h
e
p
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k
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
n
ea
r
ly
9
2
%.
An
o
th
er
way
t
o
en
h
an
ce
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te
n
n
a
f
ea
tu
r
es
is
with
a
f
r
ac
tal
b
u
tter
f
ly
an
ten
n
a
[
1
6
]
,
b
u
ilt
f
r
o
m
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
f
r
ac
tal
u
n
it
g
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p
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
im
p
r
o
v
es
co
u
p
lin
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
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s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
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tr
ad
itio
n
al
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u
tter
f
ly
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n
ten
n
a
-
s
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o
win
g
−3
3
.
5
9
d
B
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
an
d
ab
o
u
t
8
5
%−1
0
d
B
b
an
d
wid
th
at
4
.
9
T
Hz
an
d
ac
h
iev
es
r
o
u
g
h
ly
0
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9
4
5
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
ac
r
o
s
s
0
.
1
–
1
0
T
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with
a
n
ap
p
r
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im
ately
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5
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d
B
im
p
ed
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ce
b
a
n
d
wid
th
at
4
.
9
T
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m
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im
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m
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etu
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ar
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5
9
d
B
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d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
g
ain
a
r
o
u
n
d
1
6
.
9
5
d
B
.
Aq
lan
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
p
r
esen
te
d
a
co
m
p
ac
t
c
o
n
ical
h
o
r
n
an
te
n
n
a,
in
te
g
r
ated
with
a
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izer
d
is
k
an
d
W
R
-
0
3
wav
eg
u
id
e
f
ee
d
,
r
eso
n
atin
g
at
3
1
2
GHz
.
I
t
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
m
in
im
u
m
a
x
ial
r
atio
o
f
1
.
1
5
d
B
an
d
m
ain
ta
in
s
S1
1
b
elo
w
−1
5
d
B
o
v
er
th
e
2
7
0
–
3
3
0
GHz
b
an
d
.
An
o
th
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
’
s
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
len
s
-
b
ased
an
te
n
n
a,
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
a
G
-
b
an
d
lea
k
y
-
wav
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
g
r
id
p
o
lar
izer
,
o
p
er
ated
at
o
v
er
1
0
0
GHz
with
a
4
4
%
r
elativ
e
b
an
d
wid
th
.
W
h
e
n
u
tili
ze
d
with
a
f
o
ca
l
p
lan
e
a
r
r
ay
,
it
h
ad
an
ax
ial
r
atio
o
f
less
th
an
3
d
B
o
v
er
3
5
%
b
an
d
wid
th
,
an
a
p
er
tu
r
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
an
7
5
%
,
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
s
tain
m
u
ltip
le
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
cir
cu
lar
ly
p
o
la
r
ized
b
ea
m
s
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
lar
ly
p
o
lar
ized
d
ielec
tr
i
c
len
s
an
ten
n
a
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
9
]
,
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
-
h
eig
h
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
o
s
ts
an
d
a
b
o
tto
m
g
r
atin
g
,
wh
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
lin
ea
r
ly
p
o
lar
ized
in
p
u
t
in
to
cir
cu
lar
ly
p
o
lar
ized
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fed
b
y
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
y
r
am
id
al
h
o
r
n
,
it
o
p
er
ated
at
3
0
0
GHz
with
a
p
ea
k
g
ain
o
f
3
0
.
8
d
B
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
ab
le
tr
i
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
er
at
io
n
f
o
r
T
Hz
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
a
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
m
f
ac
to
r
,
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
in
[
2
0
]
ad
d
ed
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
an
d
s
em
icir
cu
lar
s
lo
ts
to
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
.
T
h
is
p
atch
,
m
ad
e
o
f
p
o
l
y
im
id
e
with
co
p
p
er
,
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ab
o
u
t
1
.
4
×1
.
1
×0
.
1
4
m
m
³.
I
t
wo
r
k
s
at
th
r
ee
f
r
eq
u
en
cies:
1
2
3
GHz
,
1
6
8
GHz
,
an
d
1
8
2
GHz
,
with
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
es o
f
−3
0
.
3
8
d
B
,
−3
3
.
3
7
d
B
,
an
d
−1
9
.
3
3
d
B
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
T
h
e
g
ain
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
ar
e
3
.
9
7
d
B
,
4
.
3
4
d
B
,
an
d
5
.
6
6
d
B
,
alo
n
g
with
r
a
d
iat
io
n
ef
f
icien
cies o
f
8
1
.
5
%,
8
5
%,
an
d
9
1
.
2
%.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
m
o
d
er
n
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
eir
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
lig
h
tweig
h
t
d
esig
n
,
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
f
a
b
r
ica
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
an
ten
n
as
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
with
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
lo
ca
ted
b
en
ea
th
.
T
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
p
atch
ca
n
v
ar
y
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
,
ci
r
cu
lar
,
o
r
tr
ian
g
u
lar
to
m
ee
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
id
ea
l
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
e
q
u
ir
e
a
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
an
d
p
la
n
ar
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices,
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
r
a
d
ar
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
ty
p
ically
o
f
f
er
m
o
d
er
ate
g
ain
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
in
teg
r
ated
with
p
lan
ar
cir
c
u
its
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
y
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
h
av
in
g
a
n
a
r
r
o
w
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
lo
w
p
o
we
r
-
h
an
d
lin
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
v
an
ce
d
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ar
r
ay
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
p
o
lar
izatio
n
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
th
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
wh
ich
e
n
h
an
ce
th
eir
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
esig
n
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
6
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
h
as
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
a
n
d
co
m
p
ac
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e,
f
ea
tu
r
i
n
g
cu
t
-
o
u
t
in
s
ets.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
h
ap
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
in
cl
u
d
e:
−
A
co
m
p
ac
t
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
th
at
o
p
er
ates
at
T
Hz
d
u
al
b
an
d
s
o
f
1
4
7
.
4
2
GHz
an
d
2
0
2
.
5
GHz
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
6
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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T
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m
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p
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Du
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t
e
r
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
2
0
–
2
2
0
G
H
z
.
−
Simu
latio
n
s
etu
p
a
n
d
v
er
if
icat
io
n
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
ST
)
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
s
o
f
twar
e
,
wh
ich
is
wid
ely
ac
c
ep
ted
as a
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
an
aly
s
is
.
−
Ach
iev
ed
g
ain
s
o
f
2
.
6
6
d
B
an
d
4
.
5
2
d
B
f
o
r
th
e
two
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
,
with
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
m
ad
e
to
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies to
estab
lis
h
th
e
d
esig
n
’
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
eth
o
d
,
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
p
ap
er
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
in
itial
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
is
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
it
ea
s
y
to
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e,
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
an
d
p
atch
.
T
h
e
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
d
esig
n
o
f
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
o
p
e
r
atin
g
at
1
4
0
GHz
,
tar
g
eted
f
o
r
s
u
b
-
T
Hz
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
6
G
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
-
lin
e
m
o
d
els,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
l
o
w
-
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
to
m
in
im
ize
r
ad
i
atio
n
lo
s
s
at
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
ci
es.
T
o
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
p
ar
ticu
lar
g
o
als,
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
ch
o
o
s
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
with
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
(
)
v
alu
es
h
ig
h
er
th
an
2
.
2
.
R
o
g
er
s
R
O3
0
0
3
is
o
n
e
s
u
ch
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
R
o
g
e
r
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
am
ily
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
lex
ib
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
m
ee
t
p
ar
ticu
la
r
m
icr
o
wav
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
ty
p
ically
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
lay
er
o
f
m
etalliza
tio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
m
ay
in
cl
u
d
e
th
ick
m
etal
b
ac
k
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
h
ea
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
l
o
w
an
d
s
tab
le
(
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
.
0
)
,
a
v
er
y
lo
w
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
(
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
10
-
3
)
,
m
in
im
al
m
o
is
t
u
r
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
,
an
d
ex
ce
llen
t
th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
p
er
ties
h
elp
r
ed
u
ce
d
ie
lectr
ic
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
r
if
t,
esp
ec
ially
in
h
ig
h
m
m
W
av
e/su
b
-
T
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
o
n
a
R
o
g
er
s
R
O3
0
0
3
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
its
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
is
eq
u
al
to
3
,
a
n
d
its
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
o
f
tan
g
e
n
t
o
f
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
is
eq
u
al
to
0
.
0
0
1
,
an
d
its
th
ick
n
ess
ℎ
was
f
ix
ed
at
0
.
1
m
m
)
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
e
q
u
atio
n
s
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
b
elo
w
ar
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
d
in
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
eig
h
t
ℎ
was d
eter
m
in
ed
as:
ℎ
≤
0
.
3
2
0
√
(
1
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
lig
h
t
(
=
3
.
10
8
m
/s
)
,
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
0
=
140
GHz
,
an
d
=
3
.
T
h
e
p
atch
wid
th
(
)
is
in
itially
esti
m
ated
as:
=
2
0
√
2
+
1
(
2
)
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
e
f
f
i
s
g
iv
en
b
y
:
e
f
f
=
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
⋅
1
√
1
+
12ℎ
(
3
)
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
le
n
g
th
(
e
f
f
)
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
:
e
f
f
=
2
0
√
e
ff
(
4
)
T
h
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
atch
len
g
th
is
:
=
0
.
412ℎ
⋅
(
e
ff
+
0
.
3
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
2
6
4
)
(
e
ff
−
0
.
258
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
8
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
atch
len
g
th
is
:
=
e
f
f
−
2
(
6
)
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e:
ex
ten
d
ea
ch
s
id
e
b
y
0
/
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
TEL
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
3
8
7
-
39
390
=
+
2
.
=
+
2
.
(
7
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
ed
g
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
(
ch
o
o
s
e
=
0
/
4
)
an
d
0
=
0
(
f
r
ee
-
s
p
ac
e
wa
v
elen
g
th
)
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
im
p
ed
an
ce
0
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
as:
=
0
60
(
+
1
2
)
0
.
5
+
−
1
+
1
(
0
.
23
+
0
.
11
)
(
8
)
=
60
2
0
√
(
9
)
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
b
le
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
:
=
2ℎ
[
−
1
−
(
2
−
1
)
+
−
1
2
(
(
−
1
)
+
0
.
39
−
0
.
61
)
]
(
1
0
)
=
3ℎ
(
1
1
)
Af
ter
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
÷
(
1
1
)
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
t
h
en
o
p
tim
iz
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
SM
as
o
u
tlin
ed
b
y
[
2
3
]
.
W
e
u
s
ed
a
R
C
C
D
with
in
R
S
M
with
f
o
u
r
f
ac
to
r
s
:
p
atch
len
g
th
(
)
,
p
atch
wid
th
(
)
,
f
ir
s
t
in
s
et
-
s
lo
t
wid
th
(
1
)
,
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
in
s
et
-
s
lo
t
wid
th
(
2
)
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
as
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
h
a
v
e
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e.
All
o
th
er
p
atch
-
an
ten
n
a
p
a
r
am
eter
s
wer
e
h
eld
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
2
9
r
u
n
s
(
1
6
f
ac
t
o
r
i
al,
8
ax
ials
,
an
d
5
ce
n
ter
)
ex
ec
u
ted
in
r
an
d
o
m
ize
d
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
ax
ial
(
s
tar
)
p
o
in
t
s
wer
e
s
et
at
a
d
i
s
tan
ce
o
f
=
2
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
ter
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
tar
g
eted
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
1
2
0
to
2
2
0
GHz
b
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
ical
o
p
tim
izer
in
d
esig
n
e
x
p
er
t
,
a
n
d
was
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
o
p
tim
izatio
n
win
d
o
w
to
v
is
u
alize
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
r
eg
io
n
s
,
f
o
r
e
x
am
p
le
,
ca
s
es
in
wh
ich
th
e
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
x
ce
ed
−
4
4
d
B
an
d
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
lies
b
etwe
en
1
2
0
GHz
an
d
2
2
0
GHz
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
(
ANOV
A)
in
d
icate
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
q
u
ad
r
atic
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
all
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
with
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
(
²
)
u
p
to
0
.
9
7
,
a
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lack
o
f
f
it,
an
d
clea
r
ly
c
u
r
v
e
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
u
r
f
ac
es
with
an
in
ter
i
o
r
m
in
im
u
m
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
er
ically
p
r
ed
icted
o
p
tim
u
m
(
,
,
1
,
2
)
=
(
0
.
7
,
0
.
7
,
0
.
6
,
0
.
1
)
m
m
was
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
v
alid
ated
in
C
ST,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
s
tab
le
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
e
R
SM
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
a
n
ten
n
a
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
an
ten
n
a’
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
,
ev
alu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
aly
s
es.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ts
b
y
o
b
tain
in
g
th
r
ee
an
ten
n
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
First,
An
ten
n
a
I
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
s
im
p
le
r
ec
tan
g
u
l
ar
p
atch
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
a
s
in
g
le
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
lo
t
is
ad
d
ed
to
t
h
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atc
h
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
An
ten
n
a
I
I
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
An
ten
n
a
I
I
I
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
ad
d
in
g
an
o
th
er
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
s
lo
t
to
th
e
r
a
d
iatin
g
ele
m
en
t,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
.
T
ab
le
1
.
An
ten
n
a
p
a
r
am
eter
v
alu
es
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
1
0
.
2
2
0
.
1
1
0
.
0
8
2
0
.
1
0
.
7
1
0
.
2
0
.
1
5
0
.
7
1
0
.
6
0
.
1
5
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
:
(
a)
A
n
ten
n
a
I
,
(
b
)
A
n
ten
n
a
I
I
,
an
d
(
c)
A
n
ten
n
a
I
I
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Du
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
e
n
h
a
n
ce
men
t o
f te
r
a
h
ertz
p
a
tch
a
n
t
en
n
a
s
via
s
lo
ttin
g
meth
o
d
(
B
ic
h
N
g
o
c
Tr
a
n
-
Th
i
)
391
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
i
te
2
0
1
8
with
a
v
ac
u
u
m
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
o
p
en
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
all
f
ac
es.
A
5
0
-
wav
eg
u
id
e
p
o
r
t
ex
cited
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
.
Op
en
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
im
p
lem
en
ted
with
p
er
f
ec
tly
m
atch
ed
lay
er
(
PML
)
,
h
ad
a
n
au
to
m
atic
m
i
n
im
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
0
.
2
5
₀
in
all
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
at
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
1
7
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
PML
tar
g
et
r
ef
lectio
n
lev
el
was
s
et
to
10
-
4
,
b
alan
cin
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ti
m
e
f
o
r
an
ten
n
a
s
im
u
latio
n
s
at
th
is
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
d
o
m
ain
s
o
lv
er
with
a
tetr
ah
ed
r
al
m
esh
was
u
s
ed
,
with
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
2
0
–
2
2
0
GHz
,
wh
ich
au
to
m
at
ically
s
elec
ted
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
s
am
p
le
p
o
in
ts
with
in
th
e
b
an
d
u
n
til
th
e
d
esire
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
was
ac
h
iev
ed
.
A
t
i
m
e
-
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
o
l
v
e
r
w
it
h
a
h
e
x
a
h
e
d
r
a
l
m
e
s
h
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
m
e
s
h
r
e
f
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
(
A
MR
)
w
as
a
l
s
o
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
s
p
a
n
n
e
d
1
2
0
–
2
2
0
G
H
z
,
w
i
t
h
A
MR
t
u
n
e
d
t
o
S
-
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
c
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
,
u
s
i
n
g
a
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
o
f
0
.
0
1
–
0
.
0
2
(
l
i
n
e
a
r
)
a
n
d
3
–
1
0
r
e
f
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
p
a
s
s
e
s
.
L
o
ca
l
m
esh
co
n
tr
o
ls
e
n
s
u
r
ed
f
in
e
elem
en
t
s
ar
o
u
n
d
p
atch
ed
g
es,
i
n
s
et
co
r
n
er
s
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
r
t,
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
elem
en
t
s
ize
o
f
less
th
an
0
.
0
1
m
m
.
Far
-
f
i
eld
m
o
n
ito
r
s
p
lace
d
at
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
o
f
1
4
7
.
4
2
GHz
a
n
d
2
0
2
.
5
GHz
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
tr
ac
t
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
A
m
esh
-
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
ch
ec
k
in
v
o
lv
in
g
d
o
u
b
lin
g
lo
c
al
r
e
f
in
em
en
t
s
h
o
wed
s
h
if
ts
o
f
less
th
an
0
.
0
1
GHz
an
d
0
.
0
5
d
B
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
m
etr
ics.
Key
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
clu
d
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
v
o
ltag
e
s
tan
d
in
g
wav
e
r
at
io
(
VSW
R
)
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
g
ain
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
’
s
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
a
n
g
e,
an
d
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
q
u
ality
.
An
aly
zin
g
th
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
’
s
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
wir
eless
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
clea
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
’
s
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3
.
1
.
Ret
urn
l
o
s
s
(
S1
1
p
a
ra
met
er
)
T
h
e
r
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
(
S
1
1
)
i
s
a
r
e
f
l
ec
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
r
e
p
r
es
e
n
ts
t
h
e
r
a
ti
o
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
f
l
e
c
te
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
a
t
t
h
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
a
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
S
1
1
is
t
y
p
i
c
a
ll
y
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
d
e
c
i
b
e
ls
(
d
B
)
,
w
h
e
r
e
l
o
w
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
a
tc
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
al
s
i
g
n
a
l
r
e
f
le
c
t
i
o
n
.
A
l
o
w
e
r
S
1
1
v
al
u
e
(
e
.
g
.
,
b
e
l
o
w
−
1
0
d
B
)
m
e
a
n
s
b
e
tt
e
r
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
t
p
o
w
e
r
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
.
T
h
e
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
es
u
l
ts
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
A
f
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
,
An
ten
n
a
I
e
x
h
ib
its
a
s
in
g
le
r
eso
n
an
ce
at
2
0
7
.
3
GHz
with
a
−1
0
d
B
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
7
.
0
4
GHz
a
n
d
a
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
r
ef
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
t
o
f
11
=
−
17
.
42
d
B
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
t
e
d
S
1
1
f
o
r
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
I
I
r
e
v
e
a
l
s
a
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
w
i
t
h
r
es
o
n
a
n
c
e
s
a
t
1
4
9
.
5
7
G
Hz
a
n
d
1
9
9
.
5
7
G
H
z
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
r
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
es
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
s
ar
e
−
1
5
.
8
9
d
B
(
4
.
3
3
G
H
z
)
a
n
d
−
2
2
.
0
2
3
d
B
(
1
4
.
3
6
G
H
z
)
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
t
o
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
I
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
s
l
o
t
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
t
c
h
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
c
r
e
a
te
d
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
ll
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
a
t
c
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
I
I
I
i
n
d
i
c
at
e
s
s
m
al
l
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
s
h
i
f
ts
:
t
h
e
l
o
w
e
r
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
f
r
o
m
1
4
9
.
5
7
G
H
z
t
o
1
4
7
.
4
2
G
H
z
w
i
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
(
11
=
−
19
.
818
d
B
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
p
p
e
r
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
s
h
i
f
ts
f
r
o
m
1
9
9
.
5
7
G
H
z
t
o
2
0
2
.
5
G
H
z
wi
t
h
11
=
−
44
.
776
d
B
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
c
ta
n
g
u
l
a
r
s
l
o
t
t
i
n
g
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
r
e
f
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
m
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
t
u
n
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
c
e
p
o
s
it
i
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Simu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
S1
1
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
th
r
ee
an
ten
n
as
3
.
2
.
VSWR
T
h
e
V
SW
R
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
An
t
e
n
n
a
I
I
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i
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atch
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NC
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S
[
1
]
J.
F
.
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a
r
a
,
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k
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[
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S
.
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[
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Z.
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s
b
o
rn
in
T
h
a
n
h
Ho
a
P
ro
v
i
n
c
e
,
Vie
tn
a
m
.
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re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is B
.
S
.
in
Air
Traffic
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
fro
m
Vi
e
tn
a
m
Av
iatio
n
Ac
a
d
e
m
y
in
2
0
2
3
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
w
o
rk
s
a
s
a
tea
c
h
in
g
a
ss
istan
t
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Av
iatio
n
O
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
t
Vie
tn
a
m
Av
iatio
n
Ac
a
d
e
m
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
fl
ig
h
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
n
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
su
rv
e
i
ll
a
n
c
e
(CNS)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
il
t@v
a
a
.
e
d
u
.
v
n
.
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