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r
ty
p
ical
n
o
is
e
,
s
u
ch
as
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
al
p
u
ls
es
(
HVSP
)
,
elec
tr
ical
f
ast tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t p
u
ls
es
(
E
FTP
)
,
an
d
s
u
r
g
e
p
u
ls
e
s
(
SP
)
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
[
2
7
]
w
as
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
U
A
V
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
an
d
d
em
o
d
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
OF
DM
,
w
it
h
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
p
u
ls
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
its
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ep
ar
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
d
u
al
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
alo
n
g
s
id
e
OFDM
-
b
ased
n
o
is
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
n
o
is
e
in
U
AV
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
lead
in
g
to
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
ali
t
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
c
ed
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
at
e
(
B
E
R
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
all
y
in
ten
s
iv
e,
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
w
h
ite
n
i
n
g
p
h
a
s
e.
T
h
is
w
h
i
ten
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
ic
h
r
e
m
o
v
e
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
i
g
n
als,
p
r
ec
ed
es
th
e
iter
ati
v
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
el
ec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
n
o
is
e
an
d
s
i
m
p
li
f
ie
s
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
w
h
ite
n
i
n
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
an
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
it
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
l
y
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
n
o
t
w
e
ll
s
u
ited
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
as
it
o
p
er
ates
o
n
d
ata
b
lo
ck
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
s
ev
er
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ep
ar
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
in
t
h
e
li
ter
at
u
r
e,
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
least
m
e
an
s
q
u
ar
e
(
L
MS)
-
b
ased
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
ad
ap
tiv
e
d
ec
o
r
r
elatio
n
(
SA
D)
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
8
]
,
w
h
ic
h
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
b
et
w
ee
n
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
to
e
n
ab
le
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
ig
n
al
s
ep
ar
ati
o
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
o
f
t
w
o
-
c
h
a
n
n
el
v
ar
i
ab
le
-
s
tep
-
s
ize
f
o
r
w
ar
d
-
an
d
-
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
es
f
o
r
s
p
ee
c
h
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t in
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
i
n
v
o
lv
in
g
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
n
o
is
y
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
i
m
p
u
l
s
i
v
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
in
U
AV
OFDM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
lies
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
co
m
p
le
x
-
v
al
u
ed
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
s
ize
n
o
r
m
alize
d
L
MS
(
C
V
-
VS
S
-
NL
MS)
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
w
h
ic
h
is
e
x
cl
u
s
i
v
el
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
a
m
p
le
-
by
-
s
a
m
p
le
n
o
is
e
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
an
d
d
ed
icate
d
f
o
r
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
-
v
a
lu
ed
s
i
g
n
als.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
r
ea
l
v
al
u
ed
VSS
-
L
M
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
u
s
t
f
ilter
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
i
m
ag
i
n
ar
y
p
ar
ts
s
ep
ar
atel
y
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
i
n
p
o
o
r
er
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
MSE
)
c
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
a
p
ts
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
L
M
S
-
b
ased
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
i
lter
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
i
n
te
g
r
ates
co
n
ce
p
ts
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
u
ls
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
ef
f
ic
ien
t,
l
ig
h
t
w
ei
g
h
t,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
n
o
is
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
i
n
U
A
V
-
OF
D
M
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
e
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
V
-
VSS
-
N
L
M
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
a
w
ell
-
d
esig
n
ed
s
in
g
le
-
an
te
n
n
a
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Un
li
k
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
b
lin
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
r
el
y
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
m
atr
i
x
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
an
d
b
lo
ck
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
b
in
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
d
er
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
in
d
etail
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es
t
h
e
p
ap
er
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
izes t
h
e
m
ain
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
as
w
ell
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
2
.
1
.
Rev
ie
w
o
f
elec
t
r
o
m
a
g
ne
t
ic
pu
ls
e
s
up
pre
s
s
io
n
m
et
ho
d f
o
r
O
F
D
M
-
ba
s
ed
UAV
I
n
t
h
is
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
es
en
t
a
r
e
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
al
-
an
t
en
n
a
p
u
l
s
e
n
o
is
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
2
7
]
,
w
h
ic
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
p
u
ls
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
OFDM
-
b
ased
U
A
V
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
an
d
2
,
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
e
s
s
ev
er
a
l
s
tag
e
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
d
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
,
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
,
w
h
ite
n
i
n
g
,
iter
ativ
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ass
es
s
m
e
n
t.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
th
at
th
e
t
w
o
s
ig
n
als
1
=
[
0
1
,
1
1
,
…,
−
1
1
]
T
an
d
2
=
[
0
2
,
1
2
,
…,
−
1
2
]
T
,
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
a
n
d
[
⋅
]
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
m
atr
i
x
tr
a
n
s
p
o
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ar
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
t
w
o
s
ep
ar
ated
an
ten
n
as
an
d
t
h
e
n
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
e
-
m
ea
n
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
le
s
u
b
tr
ac
ts
th
e
m
ea
n
v
a
lu
e
o
f
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les,
r
es
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w
s
ig
n
al
s
̄
1
=
[
̄
0
1
,
̄
1
1
,
…,
̄
−
1
1
]
T
an
d
̄
2
=
[
̄
0
2
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̄
1
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,
…,
̄
−
1
2
]
T
w
h
o
s
e
s
a
m
p
les ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as
:
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=
−
1
∑
−
1
=
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,
i
=1
,
2
an
d
n
=
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K
-
1
(
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
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elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
N
o
is
e
-
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
meth
o
d
fo
r
UA
V
-
OF
DM syst
em
s
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
C
V
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S
S
-
N
LM
S
…
(
W
a
lid
Leb
b
o
u
)
409
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
e
-
m
ea
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
(
1
)
is
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
iter
ativ
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
s
ig
n
al
s
r
esu
lted
f
r
o
m
(
1
)
ar
e
th
en
co
m
b
in
ed
i
n
a
s
in
g
le
s
ig
n
al
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
t
w
o
-
r
o
w
m
atr
i
x
as
:
=
[
(
̄
1
)
(
̄
2
)
]
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
k
f
o
r
UA
V
[
2
7
]
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
p
u
l
s
e
n
o
i
s
e
f
r
o
m
O
FDM
w
ir
eles
s
s
ig
n
al
[
2
7
]
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
w
h
i
ten
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
r
esu
lted
in
(
2
)
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
as
:
=
−
1
2
(
3
)
W
h
e
r
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
iv
ely
th
e
e
i
g
e
n
v
ec
t
o
r
an
d
e
ig
e
n
v
a
lu
e
m
a
t
r
ix
e
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
v
a
r
i
an
c
e
m
a
tr
i
x
g
iv
en
b
y
:
=
(
1
)
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
s
i
g
n
als,
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
eq
u
al
to
2
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
w
h
ite
n
ed
in
(
3
)
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
=
[
1
2
]
,
is
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
u
ti
lized
in
th
e
iter
ativ
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
w
eig
h
t
v
ec
to
r
as
:
1
=
{
∗
ℎ
(
×
)
}
−
{
1
−
(
ℎ
(
×
)
2
)
}
∗
,
i
=
1
,
2
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
=[
0
,
1
,
…,
−
1
]
T
,
i
=
1
,
2
,
a
r
e
t
w
o
w
e
ig
h
t
v
ec
to
r
s
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
iter
ati
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
in
a
t
w
o
-
r
o
w
m
atr
i
x
as
=
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
×
an
d
*
d
en
o
te,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
th
e
d
o
t
an
d
Had
a
m
ar
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
an
d
E
{∙
}
is
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
v
ec
to
r
s
1
=
[
1
0
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1
1
,
…,
1
−
1
]
T
,
=
1
,
2
,
r
esu
lted
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
ar
e
also
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
a
t
w
o
-
r
o
w
m
atr
i
x
as
1
=
[
1
1
1
2
]
.
B
y
ad
ap
tin
g
t
h
e
v
ec
to
r
1
,
a
n
e
w
v
ec
to
r
2
is
o
b
tain
ed
as
:
2
=
1
−
∑
[
1
×
]
−
1
=
1
∗
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
20
26
:
4
0
7
-
419
410
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
2
=
[
2
1
2
2
]
,
w
h
er
e
2
=[
2
0
,
2
1
,
…,
2
−
1
]
T
,
i
=1
,
2
.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
w
ei
g
h
t v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
as
:
̃
=
2
/
‖
2
‖
,
=
1
,
2
(
7
)
an
d
th
e
n
co
m
b
in
ed
i
n
a
t
w
o
-
r
o
w
m
atr
i
x
as
̃
=
[
̃
1
̃
2
]
,
w
h
er
e
‖
∙
‖
d
en
o
te
s
th
e
n
o
r
m
o
p
er
atio
n
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
:
‖
2
‖
=
√
∑
(
2
)
2
−
1
=
0
,
i
=
1
,
2
.
an
d
M
=
2
(
8
)
I
n
th
e
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
1
an
d
2
ar
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
v
ar
iab
les
m
atr
i
x
es
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
.
T
h
e
m
atr
i
x
̃
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
u
p
d
ate
o
f
af
ter
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
.
Af
ter
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
,
th
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
|
̃
+
|
<
(
9
)
m
u
s
t b
e
v
er
i
f
ied
,
w
h
er
e
q
is
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
v
a
lu
e
u
s
ed
to
ju
d
g
e
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
̃
.
I
f
co
n
d
itio
n
(
9
)
is
s
atis
f
ied
,
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
av
e
co
n
v
er
g
ed
.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
̃
is
u
p
d
ated
an
d
u
s
ed
as th
e
n
e
w
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
:
̃
=
(
1
0
)
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t d
e
m
i
x
in
g
m
atr
i
x
is
t
h
en
o
b
tain
ed
as
:
=
̃
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
,
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
in
g
̃
,
co
n
tain
s
b
o
th
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l si
g
n
al.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
n
s
u
r
es th
a
t
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
atr
ix
ac
h
iev
e
s
m
ax
i
m
u
m
n
o
n
-
Gau
s
s
ia
n
it
y
,
allo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
t
h
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
o
f
i
n
ter
est
f
r
o
m
.
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ch
I
n
th
is
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
a
n
o
v
el
n
o
is
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
th
e
UAV
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
lin
k
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
r
ee
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
o
is
e
ca
n
ce
ller
s
(
A
N
C
s
)
u
n
its
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
e
w
C
V
-
VSS
-
N
L
M
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
ca
n
ce
ller
s
o
p
er
ate
in
p
ar
allel,
ea
ch
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
n
o
is
e
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
to
g
iv
e
a
n
est
i
m
a
tio
n
̂
o
f
th
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
co
m
p
le
x
v
alu
ed
n
o
i
s
e
p
r
esen
t i
n
th
e
ca
p
t
u
r
e
d
s
ig
n
al
g
i
v
en
a
s
:
=
+
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
v
a
lu
ed
r
e
f
er
en
c
e
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
1
)
=
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
=
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
=
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
n
o
is
es
a
r
e
th
en
s
u
b
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
to
d
e
-
n
o
i
s
e
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
o
f
in
ter
est
.
A
t
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
m
o
d
u
l
e
u
s
in
g
a
co
s
t
f
u
n
ct
io
n
to
id
en
tify
w
h
ic
h
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
A
N
C
’
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
est
d
e
-
n
o
i
s
ed
v
er
s
io
n
̂
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
C
V
-
VSS
-
N
L
MS
A
N
C
s
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
:
+
1
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
̂
(
)
(
(
)
)
∗
(
(
)
)
(
)
+
,
=
1
,
2
,
3
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
(
⋅
)
∗
an
d
(
⋅
)
d
en
o
te
th
e
co
m
p
lex
co
n
j
u
g
ate
a
n
d
t
h
e
Her
m
itia
n
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
(
)
=
[
(
)
(
0
)
,
(
)
(
1
)
,
.
.
.
,
(
)
(
−
1
)
]
is
th
e
f
ilter
w
ei
g
h
t
v
ec
to
r
o
f
len
g
t
h
N
,
i
=1
,
2
,
3
an
d
th
e
ter
m
(
(
)
)
(
)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
esti
m
ate
o
f
(
)
,
w
h
ic
h
en
ab
les
its
p
o
w
er
n
o
r
m
al
izatio
n
,
th
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
is
a
r
eg
u
lar
izatio
n
ter
m
t
h
at
ta
k
es
s
m
al
l
v
al
u
es
to
p
r
ev
en
t
o
v
er
f
l
o
w
,
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
-
s
ize
p
ar
am
ete
r
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
s
(
)
,
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ilter
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
t
h
r
ee
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
o
is
e
t
y
p
es.
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
t
y
p
e
s
ar
e
(
1
)
:
HVSP
,
(
2
)
: E
FT
P,
an
d
(
3
)
:
SP
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
N
o
is
e
-
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
meth
o
d
fo
r
UA
V
-
OF
DM syst
em
s
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
C
V
-
V
S
S
-
N
LM
S
…
(
W
a
lid
Leb
b
o
u
)
411
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
s
i
g
n
al
at
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t o
f
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
A
NC
s
is
th
e
n
co
m
p
u
ted
as
:
̂
(
)
=
−
(
(
)
)
(
)
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
(
⋅
)
d
en
o
te
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
s
ize
(
)
in
(
1
3
)
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
:
(
)
=
−
1
(
)
+
‖
̂
(
)
‖
2
(
1
5
)
w
h
er
e
,
̂
(
)
=
̂
−
1
(
)
+
(
1
−
)
̂
(
)
(
(
)
)
∗
(
(
)
)
(
)
+
(
1
6
)
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
ar
e
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
s
ca
lar
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
s
ize
(
)
,
an
d
is
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
f
ac
to
r
w
it
h
v
alu
e
s
t
ak
en
i
n
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
(
0
,
1
)
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
V
-
VSS
-
N
L
MS
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
lated
in
(
1
3
)
-
(
1
6
)
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
tep
s
ize
p
r
e
-
w
h
iten
i
n
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
-
d
o
m
ai
n
L
MS
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
3
0
]
f
o
r
an
A
NC
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atin
g
in
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
o
m
ai
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
V
-
VSS
-
NL
M
S
-
b
ased
A
N
C
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
p
er
ates in
t
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
[
2
7
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
es
o
n
l
y
a
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
th
e
in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
n
o
is
e
in
(
1
2
)
,
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
U
A
V
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
,
ca
n
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
y
p
es o
f
n
o
is
e.
T
o
i
d
en
tify
w
h
ich
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
̂
(
)
,
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
b
est d
e
-
n
o
is
ed
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
s
i
g
n
al,
w
e
h
a
v
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
id
en
ti
f
ic
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
l
cu
latio
n
o
f
a
co
s
t
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
r
elies
o
n
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
̂
(
)
,
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ea
ch
A
N
C
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
n
o
is
e
t
h
at
co
n
ta
m
i
n
ated
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
i
s
co
m
p
u
ted
,
at
ea
ch
i
n
s
ta
n
t
k
,
af
ter
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
C
V
-
VSS
-
N
L
MS
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
a
s
[
3
1
]
:
{
(
)
=
1
∑
̂
−
(
)
×
(
̂
−
(
)
)
−
1
=
0
∗
if
≥
0
othe
r
wi
s
e
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
w
i
n
d
o
w
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
w
e
lo
o
k
f
o
r
th
e
lo
w
est
a
v
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
a
m
o
n
g
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
,
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
esti
m
ated
s
ig
n
al
i
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
to
b
e
th
e
o
n
e
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
r
ep
lace
s
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
s
ep
ar
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
i
n
th
e
OFDM
-
B
ased
U
A
V
r
ec
eiv
er
w
it
h
a
m
o
d
u
le
th
at
u
s
es o
n
l
y
a
s
in
g
le
a
n
ten
n
a
as th
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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24
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2
,
A
p
r
il
20
26
:
4
0
7
-
419
412
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
3
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
ns
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
[
2
7
]
.
W
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
o
is
es,
n
a
m
el
y
:
HV
SP
,
th
e
E
FT
P
an
d
t
h
e
SP
.
T
h
e
f
ield
a
n
al
y
t
ic
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
is
es a
r
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
b
y
(
1
8
)
-
(
2
0
)
as:
(
1
)
(
)
=
(
2
+
)
(
1
8
)
w
h
er
e
=
5
0
0
V/m
,
=
4
k
Hz
an
d
=
+0
r
ad
.
T
h
is
n
o
is
e
i
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ated
n
ea
r
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
i
m
p
ac
ts
d
r
o
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
li
n
k
[
3
2
]
.
2
(
)
=
{
×
1
0
9
,
0
≤
≤
4
.
4
⋅
1
0
−
9
4
.
4
−
0
.
11
×
(
−
4
.
4
×
1
0
9
)
×
1
0
9
,
4
.
4
⋅
1
0
−
9
≤
≤
1000
×
1
0
−
9
(
1
9
)
3
(
)
=
{
0
.
48
×
1
0
12
×
2
−
1
,
0
≤
≤
1
.
2
×
1
0
−
6
−
−
1
.
2
×
1
0
−
6
×
1
0
4
+
1
,
1
.
2
×
1
0
−
6
≤
≤
130
×
1
0
−
6
−
1
.
2
×
1
0
−
6
×
1
0
4
−
0
.
570
,
130
×
1
0
6
≤
≤
158
×
1
0
−
6
(
2
0
)
T
h
ese
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
es
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
d
is
r
u
p
t
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
w
i
th
th
e
ir
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
en
er
g
y
b
ein
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
d
ir
ec
tly
ca
u
s
e
d
r
o
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
ail
u
r
es
[
2
7
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
p
u
ls
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
n
o
is
e
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es 4
(
a)
to
(
c)
.
T
h
e
b
au
d
r
ate
f
o
r
a
f
ix
ed
-
w
i
n
g
UAV
is
t
y
p
icall
y
a
s
s
u
m
ed
t
o
b
e
4
0
0
0
,
w
h
ile
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
s
et
to
4
k
Hz.
T
h
ese
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ad
o
p
ted
as
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
o
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
el
y
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
u
l
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
r
e
m
ai
n
b
r
o
ad
ly
ap
p
licab
le,
s
ee
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
OFDM
tr
an
s
ce
i
v
er
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
in
(
QP
SK
)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
i
th
a
n
f
ast
f
o
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
F
FT
)
s
ize
o
f
3
2
an
d
a
cy
clic
p
r
ef
i
x
le
n
g
t
h
o
f
8
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
V
-
VS
S
-
N
L
MS
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
il
ter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
ANCs
ar
e
li
s
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
o
ass
es
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
n
o
is
e
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
U
A
V
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
,
i.e
.
,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
i
m
p
ac
ti
n
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
o
f
in
ter
est
in
(
1
2
)
,
an
d
to
ev
alu
ate
its
d
en
o
is
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
cr
i
ter
ia
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
th
e
r
esid
u
al
n
o
is
e
en
er
g
y
in
t
h
e
d
en
o
is
e
d
s
ig
n
al,
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
MSE
f
o
r
th
e
C
V
-
V
SS
-
N
L
MS
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
B
E
R
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al.
T
o
s
im
u
l
at
e
r
e
al
is
t
i
c
f
l
ig
h
t
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
R
ay
l
e
ig
h
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
e
l
w
i
th
D
o
p
p
l
e
r
ef
f
e
ct
s
i
s
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
1
0
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
UA
V
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
2
0
m
/
s
,
a
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
5
GHz
,
an
d
a
r
es
u
lti
n
g
Do
p
p
ler
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
3
3
3
.
3
3
Hz.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
i
s
s
et
to
1
0
MH
z.
T
h
e
O
F
D
M
s
y
s
t
em
p
a
r
am
et
e
r
s
i
n
th
is
c
as
e
in
c
lu
d
e
a
6
4
-
p
o
in
t
F
FT
a
n
d
a
cy
cl
i
c
p
r
ef
ix
l
en
g
th
o
f
1
2
[
3
5
]
.
A
t t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e,
th
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
s
ig
n
al
in
(
1
2
)
b
ec
o
m
es:
=
∗
ℎ
+
(
2
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
∗
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
co
n
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
ℎ
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
i
m
p
u
ls
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
w
it
h
Do
p
p
ler
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
cr
iter
io
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
is
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[
3
6
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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T
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n
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Fig
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c)
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Fig
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R
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u
r
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in
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t
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AV
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m
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ter
ap
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1
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54
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,
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ter
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n
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ast,
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e
I
C
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g
o
r
ith
m
,
d
escr
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d
in
[
2
7
]
,
in
v
o
lv
es
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v
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al
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m
p
u
tatio
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all
y
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e
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s
tep
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4
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3
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ativ
e
u
p
d
ate
in
(
5
)
,
w
eig
h
t
ad
ap
tatio
n
in
(
6
)
,
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
i
o
n
in
(
7
)
an
d
(
8
)
,
co
n
v
er
g
en
c
e
test
in
g
in
(
9
)
,
an
d
d
e
m
ix
i
n
g
in
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
e
to
tal
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
p
er
iter
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ated
a
s
2
3
+
3
2
+
3
ad
d
itio
n
s
an
d
3
+
3
2
+
3
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
s
.
S
in
ce
th
e
I
C
A
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
m
u
s
t
b
e
e
x
ec
u
te
d
s
ep
ar
atel
y
t
w
o
t
i
m
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
i
m
a
g
i
n
ar
y
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
O
FDM
s
ig
n
a
l.
So
,
t
h
e
to
tal
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
co
s
t
d
o
u
b
les,
y
ield
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
4
3
+
6
2
+
6
ad
d
itio
n
s
an
d
2
3
+
6
2
+
6
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
s
,
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
an
d
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
es.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
s
u
s
ed
in
[
2
7
]
,
w
h
ic
h
is
3
0
0
3
1
3
6
.
B
y
lettin
g
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
=
5
an
d
=
8
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
eq
u
ir
es
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
1
.
4
3
×1
0
9
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
s
an
d
1
.
1
0
×1
0
9
ad
d
itio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
b
y
letti
n
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
=
2
an
d
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
=
36
,
th
e
I
C
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
eq
u
ir
es
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
3
.
8
9
×1
0
9
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
3
.
8
9
×1
0
9
ad
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
n
u
m
er
ical
il
lu
s
tr
atio
n
s
clea
r
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
ac
h
iev
e
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
l
y
lo
w
er
co
m
p
u
tati
o
n
al
co
s
t,
b
ein
g
n
ea
r
l
y
th
r
ee
ti
m
es
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
th
an
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
I
C
A
m
e
th
o
d
.
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