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stit
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e
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sfe
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m
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jo
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h
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s.
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c
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t
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e
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p
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n
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n
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str
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ll
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b
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ra
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,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
rc
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ti
o
n
c
u
lt
u
re
is
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
fra
m
e
wo
rk
p
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v
i
d
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s
a
p
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ti
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h
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n
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n
d
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m
m
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n
HEIs.
K
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w
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r
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s
:
C
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m
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tio
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I
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n
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v
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ev
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I
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tellectu
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T
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Utilizatio
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n
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C
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:
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Fed
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Ap
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Scien
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Peñ
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4
4
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C
am
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r
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Ph
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p
in
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m
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m
o
n
tan
ez
@
astean
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b
is
ca
s
t.e
d
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.
p
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
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o
f
h
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h
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u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
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s
(
HE
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s
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o
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ter
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u
ca
tio
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n
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titu
tio
n
s
is
b
ased
o
n
r
esear
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h
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v
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p
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s
k
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wled
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cr
ea
tio
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an
d
p
r
o
p
els
in
tellectu
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
R
esear
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f
u
lf
ills
a
p
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m
is
e
t
o
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o
ciety
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in
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d
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co
v
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ies
an
d
d
ev
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o
p
m
en
ts
[
3
]
–
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
o
th
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r
th
r
ee
co
r
e
r
o
les
o
f
HE
I
s
,
n
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p
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b
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p
r
ev
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u
s
r
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[
6
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–
[
8
]
.
T
h
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cr
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cial
r
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le
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f
d
is
s
em
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k
n
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wled
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d
f
r
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m
s
tu
d
y
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th
e
m
ai
n
f
o
c
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s
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
ex
ten
s
io
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wo
r
k
s
ar
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in
te
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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J
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15
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co
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[
1
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[
1
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Un
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tech
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T
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d
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[
1
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[
1
7
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Ut
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as a
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1
5
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[
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On
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p
r
o
f
itab
le
b
u
s
in
ess
es
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
eir
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
r
ev
ea
led
a
s
o
b
e
r
in
g
tr
u
th
:
d
esp
ite
n
o
tab
le
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
r
em
ain
s
lo
w
an
d
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
h
a
v
e
attain
ed
a
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
wid
ely
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
,
th
e
u
s
e
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
g
o
o
d
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices
r
em
ain
a
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
HE
I
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
T
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
h
ar
n
ess
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
r
esear
ch
d
is
co
v
er
i
es
an
d
tr
an
s
late
th
em
in
to
p
r
ac
tical,
m
ar
k
etab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
n
ew
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
tactics
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
,
g
iv
en
th
e
ev
er
-
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
n
atu
r
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
B
y
ac
ce
p
tin
g
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
HE
I
s
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
to
th
e
s
o
cieta
l
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
o
f
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ar
ea
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
in
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
lleg
es
(
SU
C
s
)
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
.
I
t
aim
s
to
g
au
g
e
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
ese
s
ch
o
o
ls
h
av
e
em
b
r
ac
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
an
d
to
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
th
eir
b
est
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
t
h
e
ch
allen
g
es
th
ey
f
ac
e.
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
g
o
in
g
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
ea
s
y
u
s
e
an
d
co
m
m
er
ci
aliza
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
lig
h
ten
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
I
P
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
with
in
th
ese
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
s
with
th
e
co
lleg
e
’
s
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
esear
ch
g
o
al.
I
t
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ass
is
tin
g
wit
h
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
o
licies
an
d
p
lan
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
lleg
e
an
d
all
r
elate
d
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
r
co
lleg
es
m
ay
u
s
e
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
p
r
o
jects,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
in
t
h
is
ar
ea
.
T
o
g
u
id
e
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t to
an
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
−
Ho
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
ally
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
ar
e
th
e
SUC
s
in
th
e
B
i
co
l
R
eg
io
n
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
?
−
W
h
at
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
d
o
SUC
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
en
co
u
n
ter
in
i
d
en
tify
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
,
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializin
g
r
esear
c
h
-
b
as
ed
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies?
−
W
h
at
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
m
et
r
ics
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
y
SUC
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
t
h
eir
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
?
R
av
i
a
n
d
J
an
o
d
i
a
[
2
1
]
a
n
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
f
a
ct
o
r
s
af
f
ec
t
in
g
co
m
m
er
cia
liz
ati
o
n
a
n
d
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ef
f
o
r
ts
wit
h
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
ies
a
n
d
co
l
le
g
es
i
n
I
n
d
i
a.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
r
e
e
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
as
p
e
cts:
e
n
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
e
d
lim
i
tat
io
n
s
i
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
b
etw
ee
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
s
t
r
at
eg
ies
f
o
r
co
m
m
er
ci
ali
za
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
r
ese
ar
c
h
a
cti
v
it
ies
,
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
I
P
a
m
o
n
g
I
n
d
i
a
n
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
es
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
e
r
ci
ali
za
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
cl
u
d
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
r
e
is
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
li
k
e
lih
o
o
d
o
f
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
tn
er
s
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
d
s
er
v
i
ce
s
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
ar
e
f
a
r
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
ies
m
u
s
t
es
t
ab
l
is
h
a
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
f
ic
e
to
a
d
d
r
ess
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
ial
iza
t
io
n
c
h
all
e
n
g
es
.
I
s
m
ail
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
ter
v
iewe
d
f
o
u
r
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
wh
o
h
a
v
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
co
m
m
er
cialize
d
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
s
aim
to
ex
tr
ac
t
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
less
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
eir
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
elem
en
ts
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
in
clu
d
ed
p
ath
s
to
co
m
m
er
c
ializatio
n
,
h
ea
lth
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
f
u
tu
r
e
b
u
s
in
ess
p
ar
tn
er
s
,
an
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
’
tr
aits
(
i.e
.
,
s
k
ills
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
n
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
attr
ib
u
tes).
T
h
e
s
e
elem
en
ts
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
an
d
in
ter
r
elate
d
,
lead
in
g
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies f
o
r
co
m
m
e
r
cializin
g
Ma
lay
s
ian
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Sán
ch
ez
-
B
ar
r
io
lu
en
g
o
a
n
d
B
e
n
n
ewo
r
th
[
2
3
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
te
r
est
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ties
in
th
e
so
-
ca
lled
“
th
ir
d
m
is
s
io
n
”
,
w
h
ich
p
er
tain
e
d
to
th
e
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
th
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
i
n
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
teac
h
i
n
g
o
r
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
m
is
s
io
n
)
an
d
r
esear
c
h
(
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
is
s
io
n
)
.
W
ith
th
e
d
iv
er
s
if
ied
in
ter
n
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
U
n
ited
K
in
g
d
o
m
HE
I
s
,
th
e
g
ap
was
an
s
wer
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
v
ital
in
d
icato
r
s
n
am
el
y
,
ac
a
d
em
ic
h
ea
r
tlan
d
,
in
ter
n
al
co
u
p
lin
g
,
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
m
ac
h
in
er
y
an
d
th
e
s
teer
in
g
co
r
e.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
allo
we
d
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
U
n
ited
K
in
g
d
o
m
H
E
I
s
r
esear
ch
o
u
t
p
u
t
in
lead
in
g
to
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
th
er
eb
y
co
n
clu
d
in
g
th
at
it is
an
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
Ma
m
ed
o
v
an
d
B
ay
r
am
o
v
a
[
2
4
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
s
h
ap
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
in
Aze
r
b
aijan
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
“
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
y
”
.
Dis
tin
ctiv
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
i
n
Aze
r
b
aijan
’
s
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
elat
e
to
th
e
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
ad
v
o
ca
cy
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectin
g
I
P
th
r
o
u
g
h
licen
s
in
g
,
an
d
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
d
iv
is
io
n
s
o
f
f
in
an
cial
ass
ets
(
i.e
.
,
co
m
p
a
n
ies).
T
h
ese
elem
e
n
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
Aze
r
b
aijan
’
s
u
n
iv
er
s
iti
es,
lead
in
g
th
em
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Un
lo
ck
in
g
a
c
a
d
emic
p
o
ten
tia
l
:
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
effec
tive
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
… (
Jo
h
n
Jo
s
h
u
a
F
ed
eris
Mo
n
ta
ñ
ez
)
1093
“
Un
iv
er
s
ity
3
.
0
”
.
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
3
.
0
r
etain
s
teac
h
in
g
(
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
)
an
d
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
s
h
if
ts
to
war
d
s
r
eto
o
lin
g
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
en
g
ag
e
m
en
ts
.
Su
to
p
o
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
o
p
e
n
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
en
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
,
attr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices
to
th
ei
r
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
.
Sev
er
al
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ac
ilit
ies,
en
h
an
cin
g
in
ter
n
al
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
p
o
licies
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
n
etwo
r
k
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
m
ar
k
etin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
s
e
in
d
icato
r
s
en
ab
le
I
n
d
o
n
es
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
r
elativ
e
ef
f
icien
cy
in
co
m
m
er
cializin
g
r
esear
c
h
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Gr
af
an
d
Me
n
ter
[
2
6
]
e
x
p
l
o
r
ed
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
,
as
well
as
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
i
n
v
en
tio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
af
f
ec
tin
g
r
e
g
io
n
al
em
b
ed
d
e
d
n
ess
in
Ger
m
an
y
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
tu
d
ied
a
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
r
esear
ch
(
i.e
.
,
g
en
er
ality
,
r
ad
icaln
ess
,
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
n
e
s
s
,
a
n
d
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
t
y
)
,
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
o
r
i
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
(
i.e
.
,
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
b
asic
o
r
ap
p
lied
s
cien
ce
s
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
s
cien
tific
o
r
ien
tatio
n
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
n
o
v
elty
o
f
p
aten
ts
am
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
.
T
h
e
b
asic
s
cien
ce
s
clin
g
to
r
ad
icalism
in
p
aten
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Desp
ite
em
p
lo
y
ee
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
d
r
iv
e
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
m
a
n
if
est.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
led
to
a
p
o
licy
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
to
b
o
o
s
t e
co
n
o
m
ic
le
v
er
ag
e
at
Ger
m
an
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
.
Sp
ith
o
v
en
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
c
o
m
p
an
y
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
eir
ef
f
e
cts
o
n
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
co
m
m
er
cializin
g
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
in
B
elg
iu
m
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
tu
d
ied
ar
e
r
eg
io
n
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
m
p
a
n
ies,
an
d
co
m
m
is
s
io
n
in
g
r
esear
ch
lead
in
g
to
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
,
n
am
ely
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
wh
e
r
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
r
esid
e
h
av
e
a
lo
wer
li
k
elih
o
o
d
to
b
e
p
air
e
d
with
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies,
h
av
i
n
g
th
e
s
am
e
r
e
g
io
n
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
m
p
an
ies
allo
ws
to
em
b
ar
k
in
a
li
n
k
ag
e
f
o
r
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
,
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
am
o
n
g
ex
ac
t
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
n
e
g
ativ
ely
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
co
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
is
tan
ce
s
h
o
wca
s
es a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
c
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
.
Ken
zh
aliy
ev
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
R
&
D
s
tu
d
ies
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
esp
ec
ially
f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
r
esear
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
e
p
icts
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
in
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
R
&
D
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
m
an
if
ested
th
r
o
u
g
h
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
in
teg
r
ated
ar
r
a
n
g
em
e
n
ts
,
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
all
o
f
wh
ich
s
tim
u
late
em
p
lo
y
ee
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
d
ev
is
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
b
o
o
s
t
R
&
D
am
o
n
g
in
ter
ested
in
d
iv
id
u
als f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
r
esear
ch
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
e
d
with
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ac
tiv
ity
b
y
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
an
d
r
esear
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
war
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Pit
s
ak
i
s
an
d
Giac
h
etti
[
2
9
]
a
r
g
u
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices
in
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
o
u
tp
u
t,
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
i
p
s
with
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
th
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
r
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices
h
av
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
an
d
ate
to
d
ev
elo
p
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
estab
lis
h
lin
k
ag
es
with
p
o
te
n
tial
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
a
r
t
n
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices
ar
e
n
eg
ativ
ely
r
elate
d
to
th
eir
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
to
th
e
c
o
m
m
er
c
ializatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
ey
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
s
e.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices
in
ass
o
ci
atio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
UK
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
.
M
a
l
w
i
n
a
a
n
d
H
u
b
e
r
t
[
3
0
]
e
x
p
o
u
n
d
e
d
o
n
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
s
a
p
r
e
d
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c
t
o
r
f
o
r
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
al
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
i
za
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
u
tp
u
t
s
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
es
i
n
Po
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
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s
t
u
d
y
i
s
a
c
r
it
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c
al
li
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at
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r
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v
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a
n
d
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n
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i
v
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d
at
a
a
n
al
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is
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w
i
t
h
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
d
a
t
a
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
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e
v
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f
a
c
t
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s
n
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g
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t
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f
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b
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m
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.
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et
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ci
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n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ti
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
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es
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
v
a
r
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s
f
a
c
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ts
o
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m
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i
a
l
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t
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o
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i
n
cl
u
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i
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n
t
r
ep
r
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n
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u
r
i
a
l
o
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n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
I
P
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,
w
h
i
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e
a
ls
o
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
c
o
u
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t
r
y
-
s
p
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c
i
f
i
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c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
i
n
g
c
o
m
m
o
n
t
h
e
m
es
o
f
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
,
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
s
e
s
t
u
d
i
es
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
es
w
h
i
l
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
s
i
n
t
o
h
o
w
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
u
s
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
iz
e
d
a
c
r
o
s
s
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
c
o
n
t
ex
t
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
em
p
lo
y
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
its
g
o
als.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
to
o
l
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
ich
its
v
alid
ity
was e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
.
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
m
e
t
ho
ds
us
ed
B
o
th
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
in
v
esti
g
a
tio
n
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
C
ase
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
r
elat
io
n
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
1
-
1
1
0
2
1094
aim
s
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
W
ith
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
,
n
in
e
S
U
C
s
ar
e
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
ar
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
L
ev
el
I
V
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
th
r
ee
L
e
v
el
I
I
I
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
th
r
ee
L
e
v
el
I
I
I
s
tate
co
lleg
es,
an
d
o
n
e
L
ev
el
I
I
s
tate
co
lleg
e
am
o
n
g
th
ese
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
estab
lis
h
m
en
ts
,
as in
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
ty
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
lleg
es.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
ch
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
to
c
o
llect
p
er
tin
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
m
ajo
r
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
d
ep
ict
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
as
a
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
d
ata
th
at
is
o
b
tain
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
ch
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
is
to
g
ai
n
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
B
ico
l
S
UC
s
as
a
wh
o
le
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
g
o
al
s
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
in
itiativ
es.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple
s
ize
a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
m
et
ho
d
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
n
in
e
S
U
C
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
o
f
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es.
T
h
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
en
tire
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
SUC
s
in
th
e
r
eg
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
p
r
is
in
g
two
L
ev
el
I
V
s
tate
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
,
th
r
ee
L
ev
el
I
I
I
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
th
r
ee
L
ev
el
I
I
I
s
tate
co
lleg
es,
an
d
o
n
e
L
ev
el
I
I
s
tate
co
lleg
e,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ty
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
H
E
I
s
.
A
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
is
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
d
ee
m
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
with
d
ir
ec
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
in
r
esear
ch
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
ple
s
elec
t
io
n c
rit
er
ia
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
as:
i
)
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
r
C
o
lleg
e
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
;
ii
)
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
o
r
estab
lis
h
ed
R
&
D
ac
t
iv
ities
;
an
d
iii
)
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
d
esig
n
ated
o
f
f
ices,
u
n
its
,
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
IP
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
,
o
r
i
n
co
m
e
-
g
en
er
atin
g
p
r
o
jects.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
ese
cr
iter
ia:
i
)
h
o
ld
in
g
m
an
ag
er
ial,
co
o
r
d
in
ativ
e
,
o
r
t
ec
h
n
ical
r
o
les
r
elate
d
to
r
esear
ch
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
IP
,
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
(
e
.
g
.
,
I
PMO
h
ea
d
s
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ice
r
s
,
R
E
PED
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
)
;
ii
)
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
d
ir
ec
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
r
esear
ch
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
o
r
p
o
licy
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
;
an
d
ii
i
)
b
ein
g
o
f
f
icially
d
esig
n
ated
b
y
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
-
r
e
lated
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
tic
ip
atin
g
SUC
was
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
at
least
o
n
e
q
u
alif
ied
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
wh
o
m
e
t
th
ese
cr
iter
ia,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
r
ef
lecte
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
-
lev
el
p
r
ac
tices r
ath
er
th
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
o
p
in
i
o
n
s
.
2
.
4
.
Dev
el
o
pm
ent
o
f
t
he
s
urv
ey
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
B
ef
o
r
e
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
am
o
n
g
tar
g
eted
B
ico
l
S
UC
s
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
elev
a
n
t,
co
n
cise,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
v
alid
ated
.
A
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
with
th
o
s
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
y
ield
s
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
r
eliab
le
d
ata
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
eg
an
with
k
ey
i
n
f
o
r
m
an
t
i
n
ter
v
iews
(
KI
I
s
)
t
o
g
ath
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
d
ir
ec
tly
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
th
ei
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
wh
o
p
o
s
s
ess
f
ir
s
t
-
h
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
f
o
ca
l
p
er
s
o
n
s
wer
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
,
u
s
u
ally
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
an
a
g
er
s
at
th
e
B
ico
l
S
UC
s
,
esp
ec
ially
th
e
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
o
r
h
ea
d
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
,
b
u
s
i
n
ess
,
in
co
m
e
-
g
en
e
r
atin
g
p
r
o
je
cts,
an
d
IP
.
An
o
th
er
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
s
(
FGDs
)
,
wh
ich
s
tim
u
late
id
ea
s
an
d
elicit
d
iv
er
s
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
e
FGDs
to
s
tr
ik
e
a
b
alan
ce
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
in
ter
ested
p
ar
ties
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
wa
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
f
o
u
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
n
am
ely
:
i
)
B
ico
l
SU
C
s
’
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
itiativ
e
s
;
ii)
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
a
ctiv
ities
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
;
ii
i)
f
in
an
cial
asp
ec
ts
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
;
an
d
iv
)
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
t
o
war
d
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n.
2.
5
.
Q
ua
lit
a
t
iv
e
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n o
f
t
he
s
urv
ey
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
u
n
d
er
wen
t
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
io
r
to
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
I
n
itial
v
alid
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
KI
I
s
an
d
FGDs
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
1
5
ex
p
e
r
ts
with
d
ir
ec
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
r
esear
ch
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
IP
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
ex
p
er
ts
ev
alu
ated
t
h
e
r
elev
an
ce
,
cla
r
ity
,
a
n
d
r
ep
r
es
en
tativ
en
ess
o
f
ea
c
h
item
,
th
er
eb
y
estab
lis
h
in
g
co
n
te
n
t
v
a
lid
ity
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
e
x
(
C
VI
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
’
s
co
n
ten
t
v
ali
d
ity
was
q
u
an
titativ
ely
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
VI
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
t
r
ev
iew
(
N=
1
5
)
.
E
x
p
er
ts
r
ated
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
f
o
r
r
elev
an
ce
o
n
a
f
o
u
r
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le,
with
r
atin
g
s
o
f
3
o
r
4
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
d
icativ
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
en
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
c
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
,
with
item
-
lev
el
C
VI
(
I
-
C
VI
)
v
alu
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
7
to
1
.
0
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
at
least
1
3
o
u
t
o
f
1
5
e
x
p
er
t
s
ju
d
g
ed
ea
ch
item
to
b
e
r
elev
an
t,
an
d
s
ev
er
al
item
s
ac
h
iev
ed
u
n
iv
er
s
al
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
(
1
5
/1
5
)
.
At
th
e
s
ca
le
le
v
el,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Un
lo
ck
in
g
a
c
a
d
emic
p
o
ten
tia
l
:
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
effec
tive
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
… (
Jo
h
n
Jo
s
h
u
a
F
ed
eris
Mo
n
ta
ñ
ez
)
1095
ac
h
iev
ed
a
s
ca
le
-
lev
el
C
VI
(
S
-
C
VI
/Av
e)
o
f
0
.
9
3
,
s
ig
n
if
y
i
n
g
th
at,
o
n
a
v
er
ag
e,
9
3
%
o
f
ex
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
a
n
d
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
item
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
ev
id
en
ce
th
at
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ad
eq
u
ately
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ass
ess
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
s
tr
ateg
ies,
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
an
d
s
u
cc
es
s
m
ea
s
u
r
es r
elate
d
to
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
S
U
C
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
atio
n
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
’
s
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
was
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a,
y
ield
in
g
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
0
.
9
2
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
ex
ce
lle
n
t in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
Giv
en
th
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
N=
9
)
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
wa
s
in
ter
p
r
eted
s
tr
ictly
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
i
n
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
r
ath
er
th
an
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
e
x
p
er
t
-
b
ased
co
n
te
n
t
v
alid
atio
n
(
C
VI
)
a
n
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
aly
s
is
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
co
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t in
th
is
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
-
lev
el
s
tu
d
y
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
in
clu
d
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
r
o
m
SUC
s
in
th
e
B
ic
o
l
R
eg
io
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
clu
d
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
o
n
IP
m
an
ag
em
en
t
,
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
v
iab
ilit
y
,
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
s
t
ep
s
tak
en
to
p
r
o
tect
IP
r
ig
h
ts
,
d
ed
icate
d
o
f
f
ices,
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
er
v
ices
av
ailab
le
to
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
an
d
ex
am
p
les
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
p
r
o
jects.
R
esu
lts
ca
p
tu
r
ed
v
alu
ab
le
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
d
i
v
er
s
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
ts
with
in
n
in
e
S
U
C
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
.
I
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
f
am
iliar
ity
,
th
r
ee
o
f
th
e
n
in
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
te
d
b
ein
g
v
er
y
f
am
iliar
with
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
All
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
av
in
g
d
ed
icate
d
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t
s
o
r
u
n
its
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
,
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies
em
p
lo
y
e
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
IP
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
t
n
er
s
,
an
d
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
wo
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
s
h
ar
ed
n
o
tab
le
s
u
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
d
ig
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
l
o
ca
l
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
ag
r
i
-
b
ased
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
also
em
p
h
asized
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
,
h
u
m
an
a
n
d
m
ater
ial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
o
licies,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
r
o
s
s
SUC
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
S
UC
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
em
p
lo
y
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
id
en
tify
,
ass
ess
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
itize
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
f
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
e
v
alu
atin
g
s
u
b
m
itted
R
&
D
p
r
o
jects,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
s
tu
d
ies,
m
ar
k
etab
ilit
y
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
IP
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ac
tiv
ely
p
r
o
tect
IP
r
ig
h
ts
b
y
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
I
P
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
I
P
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
No
tab
ly
,
ea
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
as
d
ed
icate
d
o
f
f
ices,
s
u
ch
as
IP
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
f
ices
an
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
-
b
ased
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
an
d
en
ter
p
r
is
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t u
n
its
,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
IP
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
.
Su
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies
lik
e
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
d
ig
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
a
g
r
i
-
b
ased
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
m
ir
r
o
r
lo
ca
lized
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
o
u
tco
m
es
as
s
ee
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
a
n
d
Ma
lay
s
ian
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
wh
er
e
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
is
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
I
P
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
m
ar
k
et
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
a
n
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
as
in
Po
lan
d
[
3
0
]
,
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
lim
ited
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
a
lack
o
f
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
cu
ltu
r
e
,
an
d
g
ap
s
in
I
P
p
o
licy
wer
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
n
o
t
u
n
iq
u
e
to
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
b
u
t
ar
e
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
I
ns
t
it
utio
na
l
re
a
din
ess
f
o
r
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
c
o
mm
er
cia
liza
t
io
n
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
5
5
.
5
6
%)
wer
e
f
am
iliar
with
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
with
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
g
r
o
u
p
.
All
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
S
U
C
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
e
ac
h
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
as
d
ed
icate
d
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
ts
o
r
u
n
it
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
is
i
n
d
icate
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
f
in
d
in
g
s
b
y
Ma
m
ed
o
v
an
d
B
a
y
r
am
o
v
a
[
2
4
]
,
wh
o
em
p
h
asized
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
o
f
HE
I
s
in
to
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
“Un
iv
er
s
ity
3
.
0
”
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
B
ico
l
SUC
s
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
also
s
ee
n
in
Ka
za
k
h
s
tan
’
s
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
wh
er
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
wer
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
n
atio
n
al
R
&
D
p
o
licies [
2
8
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
wer
e
h
ig
h
ly
f
am
iliar
with
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
p
er
v
asiv
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
ab
le
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
S
U
C
s
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
d
ed
icate
d
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
o
r
u
n
its
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
r
ef
lects
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
f
am
iliar
ity
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
t
with
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
p
er
v
asiv
e
awa
r
en
ess
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
,
lay
in
g
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
th
ese
in
itiativ
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
1
-
1
1
0
2
1096
3
.
2
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
identif
ica
t
i
o
n a
nd
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
em
p
lo
y
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
with
a
n
o
tab
le
em
p
h
asis
o
n
IP
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
tn
er
s
an
d
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
also
em
er
g
ed
as
p
r
ev
ale
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
p
er
ce
iv
ed
as
m
o
d
er
ately
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
(
8
0
%),
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
g
en
e
r
ally
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
’
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
g
en
er
ally
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
d
as
m
o
d
er
ately
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
id
en
tify
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Stra
teg
ies
lik
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
s
tu
d
ies,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
r
ea
d
in
ess
lev
el
(
T
R
L
)
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
ts
,
an
d
m
ar
k
et
an
aly
s
is
w
er
e
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
.
Similar
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wer
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
B
elg
iu
m
[
2
7
]
,
w
h
er
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
p
r
o
x
im
ity
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ies in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
r
esear
ch
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
Su
pp
o
rt
f
o
r
re
s
ea
rc
hers
a
nd
f
a
cult
y
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
with
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
in
g
,
b
u
s
in
ess
in
cu
b
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
,
IP
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
a
n
d
n
etw
o
r
k
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
co
m
m
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
.
SUC
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
en
g
a
g
e
d
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
IP
p
r
o
tectio
n
ass
i
s
tan
ce
(
1
0
0
%)
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
wh
ile
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
an
d
g
u
id
a
n
ce
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ex
p
er
ts
(
2
2
.
2
2
%)
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
least
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
.
Fu
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
co
n
ce
p
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
co
u
p
le
d
with
ass
is
tan
ce
in
IP
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
was
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
co
m
m
o
n
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
en
h
a
n
ce
b
u
s
in
ess
in
cu
b
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
an
d
m
en
t
o
r
s
h
ip
in
itiativ
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
th
at
em
p
o
wer
s
in
n
o
v
at
o
r
s
at
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tag
es
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
in
v
en
to
r
s
in
clu
d
ed
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
,
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
,
an
d
I
P
ass
is
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
o
f
Pit
s
ak
is
an
d
Giac
h
etti
[
2
9
]
,
wh
o
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ice
(
T
T
O
)
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
al
i
z
at
i
o
n
.
F
u
n
d
in
g
lim
itatio
n
s
,
h
o
wev
er
,
lim
it th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
it
y
o
f
s
u
ch
s
er
v
ices,
as o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
tr
an
s
itio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ies s
u
ch
as L
atv
ia
[
2
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
3
.
4
.
B
a
rr
iers a
nd
c
ha
lleng
es
No
tab
le
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
SUC
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
in
clu
d
ed
a
lack
o
f
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
lim
ited
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
,
a
d
ef
ic
ien
t
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
cu
ltu
r
e,
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
IP
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
lim
i
ted
m
ar
k
et
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
h
u
r
d
les.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
f
o
s
ter
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
co
n
d
u
civ
e
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
ci
aliza
tio
n
in
ac
ad
em
ic
s
ettin
g
s
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
will
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
with
ex
ter
n
al
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
p
o
licy
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
c
r
ea
te
a
n
en
a
b
lin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tech
n
o
lo
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tr
a
n
s
f
er
.
I
d
en
tifie
d
b
ar
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ier
s
—
s
u
ch
as
a
lack
o
f
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
w
ea
k
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lin
k
s
,
a
n
d
lim
ited
m
ar
k
et
ac
ce
s
s
—
ec
h
o
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
R
av
i
an
d
J
an
o
d
ia
[
2
1
]
an
d
Gr
af
a
n
d
M
en
ter
[
2
6
]
,
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
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ltu
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al
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d
in
a
d
eq
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ate
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tr
ep
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r
ial
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r
ie
n
tatio
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in
d
er
co
m
m
e
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cializa
tio
n
.
3
.
5
.
Su
cc
ess
m
ea
s
urem
ent
Var
io
u
s
m
etr
ics
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
aten
ts
f
iled
/g
r
an
ted
b
ein
g
th
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m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
li
ce
n
s
in
g
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
ts
s
ig
n
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
was
p
r
im
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ily
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
u
s
in
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tan
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ib
le
m
etr
ics
s
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as
th
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n
u
m
b
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f
p
aten
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iled
/g
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ted
,
licen
s
in
g
a
g
r
ee
m
en
ts
s
ig
n
ed
,
an
d
r
e
v
en
u
e
g
en
er
ated
.
T
h
is
em
p
h
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n
q
u
an
tifia
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le
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tco
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alig
n
s
with
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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2252
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8
8
2
2
Un
lo
ck
in
g
a
c
a
d
emic
p
o
ten
tia
l
:
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
effec
tive
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
… (
Jo
h
n
Jo
s
h
u
a
F
ed
eris
Mo
n
ta
ñ
ez
)
1097
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
es
t
a
p
r
ag
m
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ass
ess
in
g
s
u
cc
ess
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
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o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
SUC
s
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
tin
u
e
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
th
ese
m
etr
ics
wh
ile
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
q
u
alitativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
ac
ts
.
W
h
ile
n
o
t
all
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
a
d
n
o
ta
b
le
s
u
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies,
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
d
ig
ita
l
ap
p
licatio
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u
p
p
o
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tin
g
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
ag
r
i
-
b
ased
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
wer
e
cited
as
ex
am
p
les
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
p
r
o
jects.
Me
t
r
ics
s
u
ch
as
p
aten
t
co
u
n
t,
licen
s
in
g
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
r
ev
e
n
u
e
wer
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
p
r
ac
tice
alig
n
s
with
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
B
elits
k
i
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
wh
o
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
q
u
a
n
tifia
b
le
in
d
icato
r
s
in
ju
s
tify
in
g
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
v
estme
n
t
in
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
q
u
alitativ
e
s
u
cc
ess
in
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
t
r
em
ain
u
n
d
er
u
tili
ze
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
allen
g
es f
ac
e
d
b
y
SUC
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
asu
r
e
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
3
.
6
.
I
P
/I
P
R
m
a
na
g
em
ent
a
nd
po
licies
All
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
I
P/
in
tellectu
al
p
r
o
p
er
ty
r
ig
h
ts
(
I
PR
)
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
p
o
licies
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
p
lace
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
g
a
p
s
r
em
a
in
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
r
o
y
alty
is
s
u
es
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
licen
s
o
r
s
an
d
licen
s
ee
s
.
T
h
is
ca
lls
f
o
r
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
v
iew
an
d
en
h
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ce
m
en
t
o
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ex
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p
o
licies
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s
u
r
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th
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ar
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o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
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a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
ad
d
r
ess
p
o
ten
tial
ch
allen
g
es.
E
n
h
an
cin
g
ex
is
tin
g
p
o
licies
will
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
y
a
d
d
r
ess
em
er
g
in
g
ch
allen
g
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a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
o
lid
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
m
an
ag
i
n
g
IP
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
All
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
av
i
n
g
an
I
P/IPR
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
o
licy
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
to
co
l,
with
v
ar
y
in
g
s
tag
es
o
f
in
s
titu
t
io
n
aliza
tio
n
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
v
al.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
d
icate
d
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
am
o
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
s
titu
en
ts
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
f
u
lly
awa
r
e
to
n
o
t
f
u
lly
awa
r
e
.
I
d
en
tif
ied
g
ap
s
in
clu
d
ed
d
if
f
er
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
v
iews,
is
s
u
es
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
I
P
o
wn
e
r
s
h
ip
co
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
-
in
itiated
p
r
o
jects.
C
h
allen
g
es
in
clu
d
ed
l
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
r
an
s
f
er
,
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
m
m
er
cialize
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
an
d
t
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
c
h
allen
g
es
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
s
o
m
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
cl
u
d
ed
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
tr
ain
in
g
,
p
o
licy
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
s
o
licitin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
f
u
n
d
in
g
ag
en
cies,
an
d
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
I
P m
an
ag
em
en
t.
All
SU
C
s
h
ad
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
I
P
p
o
licy
,
b
u
t
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
in
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
wer
e
n
o
t
ed
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
wh
er
e
I
P
p
o
licy
m
atu
r
ity
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
2
]
.
Similar
p
o
licy
c
h
allen
g
es
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
y
Ma
lwin
a
a
n
d
Hu
b
e
r
t
[
3
0
]
i
n
Po
lis
h
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
3
.
7
.
Rev
o
lv
ing
f
un
d a
nd
f
un
din
g
s
o
urce
s
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
d
i
ca
t
ed
t
h
e
l
im
i
t
ed
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
a
r
e
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
,
w
it
h
m
o
s
t
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
i
n
d
icat
in
g
i
ts
ab
s
en
ce
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
o
f
e
x
p
lo
r
i
n
g
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
o
s
u
s
ta
in
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
ac
ti
v
i
ties
.
E
s
ta
b
l
is
h
in
g
a
n
d
s
t
r
en
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
w
it
h
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
tit
u
t
io
n
s
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
p
r
i
v
at
e
i
n
v
es
to
r
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
f
i
n
an
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
u
s
tai
n
e
d
s
u
c
ce
s
s
i
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
ci
ali
za
ti
o
n
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
d
e
n
t
if
ie
d
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
l
ac
k
o
f
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
li
m
it
ed
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
,
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
la
to
r
y
h
u
r
d
l
es.
T
h
ey
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
th
e
n
e
ed
f
o
r
a
d
d
iti
o
n
al
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
,
h
u
m
a
n
a
n
d
m
at
er
ial
r
eso
u
r
c
es,
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
o
lic
ies
,
a
n
d
co
l
la
b
o
r
ati
o
n
s
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
u
t
ili
za
ti
o
n
an
d
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
ial
iz
ati
o
n
o
f
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
e
l
im
ite
d
a
v
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
e
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
o
f
e
x
p
lo
r
i
n
g
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
s
u
s
ta
in
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
a
cti
v
it
ies
.
T
h
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
e
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
li
m
its
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
c
o
m
m
er
ci
aliz
ati
o
n
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
p
a
r
a
llels
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
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I
n
d
o
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esia
a
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d
I
n
d
i
a,
w
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c
o
m
m
er
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ali
za
ti
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r
e
lie
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h
e
a
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il
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er
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i
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te
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io
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d
u
n
i
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e
r
s
it
y
-
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
c
o
-
f
i
n
a
n
ci
n
g
m
o
d
els
[
2
1
]
,
[2
5
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
1
-
1
1
0
2
1098
3
.
8
.
Ro
le
o
f
SUCs
in driv
ing
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n
R
esu
lts
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
SUC
s
in
d
r
iv
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
,
an
d
R
&
D
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
u
b
licatio
n
(
5
6
%)
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
tr
ateg
y
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
th
e
SUC
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
ex
te
n
s
io
n
wo
r
k
(
3
3
%),
an
d
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
(
1
1
%)
is
th
e
last
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
wer
e
g
en
er
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
cip
lin
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e,
f
is
h
er
ies,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
th
e
a
r
ts
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
af
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
ex
is
ten
c
e
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
lik
e
th
e
B
S
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
Pro
g
r
am
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
e
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
en
g
ag
e
in
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
.
W
h
ile
f
o
u
r
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
ad
u
n
its
o
r
co
m
m
ittees
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
e
r
,
o
n
e
in
d
icate
d
th
at
it
s
till
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
h
an
d
led
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lev
el.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
als
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
,
v
ice
p
r
esid
en
ts
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
o
f
f
icer
s
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
o
r
d
in
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
two
to
f
o
u
r
,
with
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
s
p
an
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
ir
e
cto
r
s
to
r
an
k
-
an
d
-
f
ile
s
taf
f
.
F
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
s
er
v
ices
(
PS
)
/s
alar
y
in
clu
d
ed
PS
an
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
an
d
o
th
er
o
p
er
atin
g
ex
p
en
s
es
(
MO
OE
)
,
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
C
o
u
n
cil
f
o
r
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
Aq
u
atic
an
d
Natu
r
al
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
R
esear
ch
an
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
PC
AR
R
D)
,
g
en
er
al
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
s
(
GA
)
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
DOST
)
,
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
f
u
n
d
s
was
th
e
g
en
er
al
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
s
ac
t
,
with
m
in
im
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
o
u
r
c
es.
W
h
ile
o
n
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
ad
a
r
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
u
n
d
,
f
o
u
r
d
id
n
o
t,
citin
g
r
ea
s
o
n
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
au
d
it (
C
OA
)
r
u
les,
th
e
lack
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
ized
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
n
o
r
e
v
en
u
e
f
r
o
m
tech
tr
an
s
f
er
,
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
p
o
licies,
an
d
t
h
e
lack
o
f
tech
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
cr
ea
tin
g
s
p
in
-
o
f
f
u
n
its
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
s
tar
tu
p
s
,
ac
tiv
e
I
P
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
ass
is
tan
ce
in
I
P
ap
p
licatio
n
,
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
p
itch
f
ests
an
d
in
v
esto
r
f
o
r
a,
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
c
o
m
m
er
ciali
za
tio
n
r
elativ
e
to
p
u
b
licatio
n
a
n
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
’
t
h
i
r
d
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
.
A
s
s
e
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
U
n
it
e
d
K
i
n
g
d
o
m
an
d
Aze
r
b
aijan
,
th
is
s
h
if
t in
m
is
s
io
n
to
war
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
s
o
cieta
l im
p
ac
t r
e
q
u
ir
es sy
s
tem
ic
r
ef
o
r
m
s
an
d
in
ce
n
tiv
es [
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
1
0
0
%
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
SUC
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
e
d
icate
d
o
f
f
ices
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
f
o
r
IP
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
r
em
ain
s
a
lo
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
ity
,
a
cc
o
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
o
n
ly
1
1
%
o
f
r
ep
o
r
ted
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
5
6
%
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
an
d
3
3
%
f
o
r
ex
ten
s
io
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
ap
p
ar
e
n
t
co
n
t
r
ad
ictio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
a
d
is
tin
cti
o
n
b
etwe
en
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
Stru
ctu
r
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
r
ef
e
r
s
to
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
o
r
m
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
u
n
its
,
p
o
licies,
an
d
d
esig
n
ated
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
w
h
ich
ar
e
ev
id
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
all
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
SUC
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
ea
d
i
n
e
s
s
—
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
th
e
av
ailab
il
ity
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
f
i
n
an
cial
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
—
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
.
Mo
s
t
SUC
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
a
r
e
v
o
lv
in
g
f
u
n
d
,
wh
ich
r
estricts
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
,
s
ca
le
-
u
p
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
i
ce
s
o
f
ten
o
p
er
ate
in
a
co
m
p
lian
ce
-
o
r
ien
te
d
o
r
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ca
p
ac
ity
r
ath
er
th
an
as
r
ev
en
u
e
-
g
en
er
atin
g
o
r
m
ar
k
et
-
f
ac
in
g
u
n
its
.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
f
u
r
th
er
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
lim
ited
in
d
u
s
tr
y
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
(
2
2
.
2
2
%)
an
d
r
elian
ce
o
n
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
s
f
o
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ex
p
en
s
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
wh
ile
SUC
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
,
th
e
lack
o
f
en
ab
lin
g
f
in
a
n
cial
an
d
m
ar
k
et
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
tr
an
s
latio
n
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
to
tan
g
ib
le
c
o
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ma
in
s
tr
ateg
ies in
r
e
leasin
g
R
&
D
r
esu
lts
3
.
9
.
B
est
pra
ct
ices a
nd
diff
icultie
s
Su
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
d
ig
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
l
o
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
ag
r
i
-
b
ased
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Ho
wev
er
,
ch
allen
g
e
s
r
elate
d
to
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
a
p
s
in
d
icate
a
r
ea
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
atten
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Un
lo
ck
in
g
a
c
a
d
emic
p
o
ten
tia
l
:
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
effec
tive
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
… (
Jo
h
n
Jo
s
h
u
a
F
ed
eris
Mo
n
ta
ñ
ez
)
1099
I
d
en
tify
in
g
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
tar
g
eted
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
allen
g
e
s
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
th
r
iv
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
with
in
SU
C
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
a
d
y
n
am
ic
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
s
tr
at
eg
ies
am
o
n
g
S
U
C
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
.
Su
cc
ess
s
to
r
ies,
s
u
ch
as
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ag
r
i
-
b
ased
c
o
m
m
er
cial
izatio
n
in
itiativ
es
an
d
licen
s
ed
s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
jects,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
lo
w
awa
r
en
es
s
,
f
u
n
d
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
p
o
licy
g
ap
s
h
av
e
y
et
to
b
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
n
ee
d
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
o
n
g
o
in
g
awa
r
e
n
ess
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
f
o
r
m
alizin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
,
an
d
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
a
r
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
u
n
d
.
W
h
ile
SUC
s
s
h
o
w
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
r
ef
in
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
ased
o
n
id
en
tifie
d
ch
allen
g
es
ca
n
f
u
r
th
e
r
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
b
etwe
en
ac
a
d
e
m
ia,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
en
cies
ar
e
p
iv
o
tal.
Alig
n
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
g
lo
b
al
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
e
d
b
y
SU
C
s
.
Stu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
I
n
d
ia,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
th
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
K
i
n
g
d
o
m
,
Aze
r
b
aijan
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
Ger
m
an
y
,
B
elg
iu
m
,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
an
d
th
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
K
i
n
g
d
o
m
ag
ain
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
I
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
f
ices,
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
ese
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
W
h
ile
lo
ca
l
s
u
cc
ess
es
lik
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
-
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
ag
r
i
-
b
ased
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
t
io
n
in
itiativ
es
an
d
licen
s
ed
s
o
f
twar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
e
p
o
te
n
tial,
th
e
SUC
s
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
s
im
ilar
to
th
o
s
e
in
E
aster
n
E
u
r
o
p
e,
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a,
an
d
C
en
tr
al
A
s
ia.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
Ger
m
a
n
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
K
i
n
g
d
o
m
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
s
u
s
tain
ed
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
f
u
n
d
in
g
co
n
tin
u
ity
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
3
.
1
0
.
F
ra
m
ewo
rk
f
o
r
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
co
m
merc
ia
liza
t
io
n
in SUCs
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
at
e
s
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
i
ca
t
e
i
n
t
e
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
i
s
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
es
k
e
y
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
h
o
w
e
a
c
h
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
i
za
t
i
o
n
i
n
H
E
I
s
.
T
h
e
v
i
s
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
c
o
n
v
e
y
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
ex
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
a
n
d
s
y
n
e
r
g
i
s
ti
c
e
f
f
e
ct
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
id
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
a
h
o
l
i
s
ti
c
v
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
’
s
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
i
n
SUC
: in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
e
d
r
esear
ch
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
p
r
ac
tices
in
n
in
e
SUC
s
in
th
e
B
ico
l
R
eg
io
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
allen
g
es,
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
e
,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
is
g
en
er
ally
s
tr
o
n
g
,
with
1
0
0
%
o
f
SUC
s
h
av
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
0
9
1
-
1
1
0
2
1100
d
ed
icate
d
o
f
f
ices o
r
d
esig
n
ate
d
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
f
o
r
I
P
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
l
y
5
5
.
5
6
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
a
m
iliar
ity
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
in
d
icatin
g
u
n
e
v
e
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
e,
SUC
s
em
p
lo
y
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
s
tu
d
ies,
m
ar
k
etab
ilit
y
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
I
P
p
r
o
tectio
n
in
ev
al
u
atin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
c
ess
es
wer
e
r
ated
as
m
o
d
er
ately
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
y
8
0
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Desp
ite
th
is
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
b
y
lim
ited
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
wea
k
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lin
k
ag
es,
p
o
licy
g
ap
s
,
an
d
a
lim
ited
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
cu
lt
u
r
e.
No
tab
ly
,
o
n
ly
2
2
.
2
2
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
t
ed
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ex
p
er
ts
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
a
cr
itical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
ap
.
W
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
th
ir
d
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
e,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
s
u
cc
ess
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
aten
ts
,
licen
s
in
g
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
,
an
d
r
e
v
en
u
e
g
en
er
atio
n
.
R
esear
ch
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
(
5
6
%)
an
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
ac
tiv
iti
es
(
3
3
%),
wh
ile
co
m
m
er
ciali
za
tio
n
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
o
n
l
y
1
1
%,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
ir
d
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
SUC
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
em
p
h
asize
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
SUC
s
as
d
r
iv
er
s
o
f
r
eg
io
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
wh
ile
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
to
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
I
P
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
f
o
r
m
alize
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
en
h
a
n
ce
c
o
llab
o
r
a
tio
n
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
in
v
est
in
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
im
p
ac
t
m
etr
ics,
an
d
estab
lis
h
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
r
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
n
in
e
SUC
s
with
in
o
n
e
r
eg
io
n
,
r
elies
o
n
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
ata,
a
n
d
u
s
es
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esi
g
n
,
wh
ich
m
ay
lim
it
g
en
er
aliz
ab
ilit
y
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
is
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
m
a
y
co
n
d
u
ct
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
d
l
o
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
r
eg
io
n
s
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
ty
p
es
an
d
i
n
teg
r
ate
in
-
d
ep
t
h
c
ase
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
s
p
in
-
o
f
f
s
o
r
licen
s
in
g
in
itiativ
es
to
r
ef
in
e
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
in
ac
ad
em
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
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RE
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