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[
1
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u
n
co
n
s
cio
u
s
b
iases
am
o
n
g
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
h
o
w
th
ey
in
ter
ac
t
wit
h
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
with
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
,
f
ee
l
d
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
lo
wer
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
ese
ch
allen
g
e
s
,
teac
h
er
s
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
r
esp
ec
t
an
d
r
ef
lect
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
iv
er
s
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
is
is
wh
er
e
C
R
P
b
ec
o
m
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
W
alk
er
[
5
]
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
C
R
P
h
elp
s
m
ak
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l b
y
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
less
o
n
s
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
e
al
-
life
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
also
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
g
r
ea
ter
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
f
o
s
ter
s
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
e
lo
n
g
in
g
with
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
[
6
]
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
is
,
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
C
R
P
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
itiativ
es
l
ik
e
th
e
I
n
d
ig
en
o
u
s
Peo
p
les
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
I
PEd
)
Pro
g
r
a
m
,
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
(
Dep
E
d
)
u
n
d
e
r
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
Or
d
e
r
No
.
6
2
,
s
.
2
0
1
1
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
th
at
r
esp
ec
ts
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
id
en
titi
es
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tes
th
eir
cu
ltu
r
al
h
e
r
itag
e.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
C
HE
D)
h
as
im
p
lem
en
ted
p
o
licies
to
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
f
lex
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
an
d
teac
h
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
d
iv
e
r
s
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
8
]
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
alig
n
with
th
e
Un
ited
Natio
n
s
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al,
Scien
tific
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
al
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
UNE
SC
O)
[
9
]
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
c
u
ltu
r
al
d
i
v
er
s
ity
,
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
eq
u
al
ac
c
ess
,
f
air
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
th
ese
p
o
licies,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
C
R
P
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
e
m
ain
s
a
ch
allen
g
e
.
W
h
ile
C
HE
D
an
d
UNE
SC
O
p
r
o
m
o
te
cu
ltu
r
al
in
cl
u
s
iv
ity
,
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ic
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
tr
an
s
late
th
ese
p
r
in
cip
les
in
to
p
r
ac
tice
v
ar
ies.
So
m
e
u
n
iv
er
s
itie
s
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ate
C
R
P d
u
e
to
g
ap
s
in
f
ac
u
lty
tr
ain
in
g
,
lim
ited
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
a
lack
o
f
CRT
m
ater
ials
[
1
0
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
L
ad
s
o
n
-
B
illi
n
g
s
[
1
1
]
,
f
o
r
C
R
P
to
wo
r
k
,
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
m
u
s
t
cr
ea
te
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
wh
er
e
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
,
cu
ltu
r
al
id
e
n
tity
,
an
d
s
o
cial
awa
r
en
ess
g
o
h
an
d
i
n
h
a
n
d
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
n
ee
d
to
d
o
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
ju
s
t
s
et
p
o
licies
—
th
ey
m
u
s
t
tak
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
tep
s
lik
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
f
ac
u
lty
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
an
d
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
d
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
eq
u
ity
.
B
u
t
ev
en
with
th
ese
id
ea
s
,
C
R
P
i
s
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
u
s
ed
well
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
As
cited
b
y
Siwa
tu
[
1
2
]
,
s
o
m
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
im
p
lem
en
t
th
ese
p
o
licies
d
u
e
to
v
a
r
io
u
s
c
h
allen
g
es.
T
h
i
s
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
B
r
o
w
n
e
t a
l.
[
1
3
]
,
w
h
o
ar
g
u
e
th
at
a
g
ap
e
x
is
ts
b
etwe
en
p
o
licy
in
ten
tio
n
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
e
x
am
in
e
h
o
w
C
R
P
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
w
h
at
ch
all
en
g
es e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
f
ac
e
in
its
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
in
C
R
P im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
with
in
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
aim
s
to
s
eq
u
en
tially
ex
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
in
o
n
e
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es.
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
two
-
p
h
ase
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
:
i
)
id
e
n
tifie
d
s
tr
ate
g
ies
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
C
R
P
;
ii
)
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
s
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
en
co
u
n
ter
;
iii
)
ass
ess
ed
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
;
iv
)
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
th
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
c
h
allen
g
es
;
a
n
d
v
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
o
licy
b
r
ief
t
o
s
tr
en
g
th
en
C
R
P in
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
C
R
P
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
d
iv
e
r
s
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
aim
in
g
to
b
r
id
g
e
cu
ltu
r
al
g
ap
s
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
alle
n
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
co
n
tex
t.
On
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
in
v
o
lv
es in
teg
r
atin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
in
to
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
Me
r
ca
d
o
[
1
4
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
teac
h
er
s
at
Pag
s
an
g
jan
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
d
esig
n
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
an
c
h
o
r
ed
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
an
ce
s
tr
al
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices.
Similar
ly
,
E
d
ilo
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
em
p
h
asize
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
ag
es
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
ex
am
p
les
in
m
ath
em
atics
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
b
u
t
also
af
f
ir
m
s
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
id
en
titi
es.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es p
r
o
m
o
te
r
el
ev
an
ce
an
d
en
g
a
g
em
en
t in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P
is
n
o
t
with
o
u
t
c
h
allen
g
es.
M
er
ca
d
o
[
1
4
]
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
m
an
y
teac
h
er
s
o
n
ly
h
a
v
e
a
b
asic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
eir
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
s
o
th
ey
o
f
ten
r
ely
o
n
tr
ib
al
eld
e
r
s
f
o
r
d
ee
p
er
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
etter
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
h
elp
teac
h
er
s
lear
n
m
o
r
e
ab
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
cu
ltu
r
es.
An
o
th
er
ch
allen
g
e
is
th
e
lack
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
in
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
lan
g
u
ag
es,
m
ak
in
g
it
h
ar
d
er
to
i
n
clu
d
e
cu
ltu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
in
less
o
n
s
.
W
ith
o
u
t
en
o
u
g
h
wr
itten
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
p
r
eser
v
e
an
d
p
ass
o
n
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
C
R
P
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
is
ev
id
en
t.
Ho
q
u
e
[
1
6
]
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
th
at
C
R
P
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
,
b
r
ea
k
in
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
cu
ltu
r
a
l b
ar
r
ier
s
wh
ile
h
elp
in
g
th
em
f
ee
l m
o
r
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
Ma
n
g
ila
a
n
d
Pacu
lab
a
[
1
7
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
CRT
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
elem
en
t
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
in
Du
m
in
g
ag
,
Z
am
b
o
an
g
a
d
el
Su
r
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
led
a
s
tr
o
n
g
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
wee
n
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
eq
u
en
tia
l e
x
p
lo
r
a
tio
n
o
f str
a
teg
ies a
n
d
ch
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llen
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es in
imp
le
men
tin
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…
(
Gen
a
ly
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P
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a
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ib
a
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-
Lu
a
lh
a
ti
)
1689
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
tu
d
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n
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en
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ag
e
m
en
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an
d
ac
a
d
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ic
p
er
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ed
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ical
ap
p
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ter
a
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g
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th
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class
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,
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en
ts
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
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e
m
o
tiv
ate
d
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
alig
n
with
g
lo
b
al
r
esear
ch
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
C
R
P
as
a
m
ea
n
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
g
ap
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
eq
u
ity
in
d
iv
er
s
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ettin
g
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
a
n
e
x
p
l
o
r
ato
r
y
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
m
ix
ed
-
m
et
h
o
d
s
d
esig
n
,
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
C
R
P.
Fo
llo
win
g
C
r
eswell
[
1
8
]
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
eg
a
n
with
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
f
ac
u
lty
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
d
ep
th
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
is
p
h
ase
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
wh
ich
ass
ess
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
en
co
u
n
te
r
ed
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
th
en
in
teg
r
ated
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
I
n
t
h
e
q
u
al
itativ
e
p
h
ase,
in
-
d
ep
th
i
n
ter
v
i
ews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
1
0
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
co
lleg
es
in
o
n
e
s
tate
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
in
B
atan
g
as,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
d
is
cip
lin
es,
teac
h
in
g
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
s
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Fo
r
th
e
q
u
an
tita
tiv
e
p
h
ase,
1
1
6
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
am
e
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
p
ar
ticip
ate
d
in
a
s
u
r
v
ey
d
esig
n
ed
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
id
en
tifie
d
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
ass
o
ciate
d
with
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
ese
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
in
teac
h
in
g
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
p
r
a
ctica
l e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
f
u
r
th
er
en
r
ich
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
pro
ce
du
re
Data
co
llectio
n
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
eq
u
en
tial
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
B
ef
o
r
e
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
o
b
tain
ed
p
er
m
i
s
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elev
an
t
au
th
o
r
ities
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
f
o
r
m
al
wr
itte
n
r
eq
u
est.
I
n
-
d
ep
t
h
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
C
R
P
-
r
elate
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ch
allen
g
es.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
b
r
ief
ed
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
an
d
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
at
th
eir
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
.
Qu
esti
o
n
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
f
ac
u
lty
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
in
teg
r
atin
g
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
to
teac
h
in
g
,
ch
allen
g
es e
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
,
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies em
p
lo
y
e
d
.
Sam
p
le
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
clu
d
e
d
:
−
C
an
y
o
u
d
escr
ib
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
s
tan
ce
wh
er
e
y
o
u
in
teg
r
ated
elem
en
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
i
n
to
y
o
u
r
teac
h
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
?
−
W
h
at
s
tr
ateg
ies ar
e
y
o
u
u
s
in
g
to
im
p
lem
en
t CR
P?
−
W
h
at
ch
allen
g
es h
av
e
y
o
u
en
c
o
u
n
ter
ed
wh
ile
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P in
y
o
u
r
class
r
o
o
m
?
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
tr
an
s
cr
ib
ed
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
id
e
n
tify
k
ey
th
em
es
an
d
p
atter
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
ter
v
iews,
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es
wer
e
id
en
tif
ied
,
s
er
v
in
g
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
m
ad
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
two
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
0
item
s
aim
ed
at
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
8
item
s
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
e
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
wh
en
i
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
v
alid
ity
,
s
elec
ted
f
ac
u
lt
y
ex
p
er
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
co
n
d
u
cted
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
atio
n
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
y
ield
ed
a
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t
o
f
0
.
8
5
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
f
o
r
s
co
r
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
es
wer
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ca
le
r
an
g
es,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Scale
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
o
f
C
R
P st
r
ateg
ies
N
u
meri
c
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
S
c
a
l
e
r
a
n
g
e
V
e
r
b
a
l
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
4
3
.
5
0
–
4
.
0
0
H
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
/
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
3
2
.
5
0
–
3
.
4
9
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
/
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
2
1
.
5
0
–
2
.
4
9
S
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
/
sl
i
g
h
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
1
1
.
0
0
–
1
.
4
9
N
o
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
/
n
o
t
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
a
nd
t
re
a
t
m
ent
Fo
r
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
ase,
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
tif
y
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
th
e
m
es
a
n
d
p
atter
n
s
in
f
ac
u
lty
in
ter
v
iews.
Fo
llo
win
g
Sch
r
eier
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
em
p
lo
y
e
d
an
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
e
r
e
in
itial
o
p
en
co
d
in
g
was
u
s
ed
t
o
id
en
tify
k
ey
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
em
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ata.
C
o
d
es
wer
e
th
en
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
to
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
em
es
th
at
en
ca
p
s
u
lated
f
ac
u
l
ty
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
with
C
R
P
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
ese
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
6
8
7
-
1
6
9
7
1690
th
em
es
g
u
id
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
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o
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th
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q
u
an
titativ
e
s
u
r
v
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.
Fo
r
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q
u
an
titativ
e
p
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ase,
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
wer
e
an
al
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s
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escr
ip
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tatis
tics
,
i
n
clu
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g
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ea
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ar
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iatio
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th
r
o
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Min
itab
s
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f
twar
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aly
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p
r
o
v
id
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s
ig
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ts
in
to
th
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er
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ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
o
f
C
R
P s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
i
f
f
icu
lty
e
n
c
o
u
n
ter
ed
in
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
f
o
r
t
he
qu
a
lita
t
i
v
e
ph
a
s
e
4
.
1
.
1.
I
dentif
ied
s
t
ra
t
eg
ies f
o
r
im
plem
ent
ing
cult
ura
lly
re
s
po
ns
iv
e
pe
da
g
o
g
y
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
d
k
e
y
s
tr
a
teg
ies
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
CRP
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
th
r
ee
m
a
in
th
em
es
s
u
ch
as
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
a
n
t
m
ater
ials
,
a
cu
ltu
r
ally
in
clu
s
iv
e
class
r
o
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
ice
a
n
d
ch
o
ice.
T
h
ese
id
en
tifie
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
r
ev
ea
l
h
o
w
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
in
to
teac
h
in
g
f
o
s
ter
s
d
ee
p
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
.
On
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tr
ateg
y
is
u
s
in
g
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
ele
v
an
t
m
ate
r
ials
,
s
u
ch
as
liter
atu
r
e,
m
ed
ia
,
an
d
ar
t.
Facu
lty
m
em
b
er
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ee
th
eir
cu
ltu
r
es
r
ef
lecte
d
in
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
th
ey
co
n
n
ec
t
m
o
r
e
with
th
e
co
n
ten
t.
As
o
n
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
P1
0
)
s
h
ar
e
d
,
“
cu
ltu
r
a
lly
r
elev
a
n
t
ma
teri
a
ls
s
p
a
r
ke
d
mo
r
e
mea
n
in
g
fu
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
in
cla
s
s
.
”
An
o
th
er
(
P3
)
n
o
ted
th
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
u
s
ic
an
d
ar
t
h
el
p
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
r
asp
co
m
p
lex
id
ea
s
,
“
m
u
s
ic
a
n
d
a
r
t in
less
o
n
s
h
a
ve
h
elp
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ela
te
to
th
e
ma
teri
a
l a
n
d
u
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
b
etter
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
th
at
d
iv
er
s
e
m
ater
ials
m
ak
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
r
elata
b
le
a
n
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
An
o
th
er
k
e
y
s
tr
ateg
y
is
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
cu
ltu
r
ally
in
clu
s
iv
e
class
r
o
o
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
G
r
o
u
p
ac
t
iv
ities
an
d
p
r
o
jects
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
a
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
b
el
o
n
g
in
g
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
A
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
P8
)
ex
p
lain
e
d
,
“
g
r
o
u
p
a
ctivities
a
n
d
p
r
o
jects
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tio
n
a
mo
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
fr
o
m
d
iffer
en
t
b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
”
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
ev
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cu
ltu
r
al
len
s
also
d
ee
p
en
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
d
i
v
er
s
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
On
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
P2
)
s
tated
,
“
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
ev
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cu
ltu
r
a
l
len
s
h
a
s
s
p
a
r
ke
d
mea
n
in
g
fu
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
”
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
illu
s
tr
at
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
ity
in
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ac
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
n
o
ted
th
at
g
iv
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
lead
ac
tiv
ities
m
ad
e
th
em
m
o
r
e
e
n
g
ag
e
d
a
n
d
m
o
tiv
ated
.
As
o
n
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
(
P5
)
p
u
t
it,
“
s
tu
d
en
t
-
le
d
a
ctivities
ma
ke
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
o
r
e
en
g
a
g
e
d
a
n
d
mo
tiva
ted
t
o
lea
r
n
.
”
Allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
h
o
w
th
ey
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
—
wh
eth
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
,
ess
ay
s
,
o
r
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
r
o
jects
—
also
p
r
o
v
ed
b
e
n
ef
icial.
A
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
P9
)
ex
p
lain
e
d
,
“
o
ffer
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
ch
o
ices
in
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
a
s
s
es
s
men
ts
h
a
s
emp
o
w
ered
th
em
to
p
er
s
o
n
a
liz
e
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
erien
ce
s
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
i
d
ea
th
at
f
lex
ib
i
lity
in
lear
n
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
tu
d
en
t
co
n
f
id
en
ce
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
ice
an
d
c
h
o
ice
em
er
g
e
d
as a
p
o
wer
f
u
l s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
d
en
tifie
d
s
tr
ateg
ies f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
CRP
Th
e
m
e
s
S
u
b
t
h
e
mes
Ex
e
m
p
l
a
r
y
t
e
x
t
s
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s
D
i
v
e
r
s
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
med
i
a
“
Li
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
h
i
st
o
r
i
c
a
l
t
e
x
t
s
m
i
r
r
o
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
”
(
P1
)
“
…c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
s
p
a
r
k
e
d
mo
r
e
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
d
i
sc
u
ssi
o
n
s
i
n
c
l
a
ss
.”
(
P
1
0
)
“
…m
u
si
c
a
n
d
a
r
t
i
n
l
e
ss
o
n
s
h
a
s
h
e
l
p
e
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
t
o
t
h
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
.”
(
P3
)
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
i
n
c
l
u
si
v
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
I
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
“
G
r
o
u
p
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
f
o
s
t
e
r
a
sen
s
e
o
f
b
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
s
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s fr
o
m
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
”
(
P8
)
“
…
t
h
e
se
t
a
s
k
s
c
e
l
e
b
r
a
t
e
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
d
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
.”
(
P1
)
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
e
n
s
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
“
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
e
t
a
l
i
ss
u
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
e
n
s
h
a
s
sp
a
r
k
e
d
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
d
i
sc
u
ss
i
o
n
s
a
mo
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
”
(
P2
)
“
…b
r
o
a
d
e
n
e
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
o
f
d
i
v
e
r
se
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
.”
(
P3
)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
v
o
i
c
e
a
n
d
c
h
o
i
c
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
-
l
e
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
i
n
q
u
i
r
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
“
G
i
v
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
t
o
v
o
i
c
e
t
h
e
i
r
o
p
i
n
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
ma
k
e
c
h
o
i
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
s e
m
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
.
”
(
P1
)
“
…m
o
r
e
e
n
g
a
g
e
d
a
n
d
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
.
”
(
P5
)
“
…h
a
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
t
h
e
i
r
se
n
s
e
o
f
o
w
n
e
r
sh
i
p
.”
(
P
1
0
)
F
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
a
t
h
w
a
y
s
a
n
d
a
ssessm
e
n
t
s
“
O
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
e
ssa
y
s,
o
r
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
,
h
a
s
e
mp
o
w
e
r
e
d
t
h
e
m
t
o
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s.
”
(
P9
)
“
…
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
t
o
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
.”
(
P2
)
4.
1.
2
.
E
nco
un
t
er
ed
cha
lleng
e
s
in im
plem
ent
ing
cult
ura
lly
re
s
po
ns
iv
e
pe
da
g
o
g
y
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
s
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
f
ac
e
wh
en
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
CRP
.
T
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
f
all
in
to
th
r
ee
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies
s
u
ch
as
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
b
iases
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
C
R
P
in
to
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
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&
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es E
d
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I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
eq
u
en
tia
l e
x
p
lo
r
a
tio
n
o
f str
a
teg
ies a
n
d
ch
a
llen
g
es in
imp
le
men
tin
g
…
(
Gen
a
ly
n
P
a
n
g
a
n
ib
a
n
-
Lu
a
lh
a
ti
)
1691
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
E
ac
h
ca
teg
o
r
y
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
k
ey
d
if
f
icu
lties
th
at
m
ak
e
it
h
a
r
d
er
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
C
R
P
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
So
m
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
t
h
at
co
n
f
r
o
n
tin
g
th
eir
o
w
n
b
ia
s
es
i
s
es
s
en
tial
to
cr
ea
tin
g
an
in
clu
s
iv
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
As
o
n
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
(
P6
)
n
o
te
d
,
“
co
n
fr
o
n
tin
g
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
b
ia
s
es
is
ess
en
tia
l
fo
r
in
clu
s
ivity
.
”
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
a
r
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
CRT
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
b
iases
also
ex
is
t
at
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lev
el.
O
n
e
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
em
b
er
(
P5
)
e
x
p
lain
ed
,
“
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
s
ystemic
b
a
r
r
iers
i
s
crit
ica
l
fo
r
eq
u
ity
.
”
T
h
is
ca
lls
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
a
d
v
o
c
ac
y
an
d
p
o
licy
ch
an
g
es
to
alig
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
with
C
R
P
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
is
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
iases
is
a
ch
allen
g
e.
An
o
th
er
k
ey
c
h
allen
g
e
is
in
teg
r
atin
g
C
R
P
in
to
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
wh
ile
m
ee
tin
g
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
o
f
ten
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
b
alan
ce
cu
ltu
r
al
in
clu
s
iv
ity
with
ex
is
tin
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
g
u
id
eli
n
es.
On
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
P5
)
s
h
ar
ed
,
“
a
lig
n
in
g
w
ith
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
s
w
h
ile
b
ei
n
g
c
u
ltu
r
a
lly
r
esp
o
n
s
ive
is
ch
a
llen
g
i
n
g
.
”
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
teac
h
er
s
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
ad
a
p
tin
g
les
s
o
n
p
lan
s
to
in
clu
d
e
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
teac
h
in
g
wh
ile
s
till
m
ee
tin
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
c
r
ea
tin
g
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
ca
n
also
b
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
T
h
is
is
ev
id
en
t
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
in
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
s
en
s
itiv
e
cu
ltu
r
al
t
o
p
ics.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
P3
)
e
m
p
h
asized
,
“
fo
s
teri
n
g
b
elo
n
g
in
g
is
cru
cia
l
fo
r
in
clu
s
ivity
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
in
ten
tio
n
a
l
effo
r
ts
a
n
d
co
lla
b
o
r
a
tio
n
.
”
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
v
alu
ed
in
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
cu
ltu
r
al
is
s
u
es
r
eq
u
ir
es
ca
r
ef
u
l
h
a
n
d
lin
g
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
esp
ec
tf
u
l
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
.
A
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
P1
0
)
ex
p
lain
e
d
,
“
crea
tin
g
s
a
fe
s
p
a
ce
s
fo
r
s
en
s
it
ive
to
p
ics
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
s
ettin
g
clea
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
u
les
a
n
d
r
esp
ec
tfu
l
d
ia
lo
g
u
e
.
”
T
h
i
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
c
e
o
f
e
s
t
a
b
l
is
h
i
n
g
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
v
e
c
l
as
s
r
o
o
m
c
u
lt
u
r
e
w
h
e
r
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
f
e
e
l
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
a
b
le
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
v
i
e
ws
wi
t
h
o
u
t
f
e
a
r
o
f
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
.
T
ab
le
3
.
E
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
ch
alle
n
g
es in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
CRP
Th
e
m
e
s
S
u
b
t
h
e
mes
Ex
e
m
p
l
a
r
y
t
e
x
t
s
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
b
i
a
s
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
b
i
a
ses
“
C
o
n
f
r
o
n
t
i
n
g
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
b
i
a
ses
i
s
e
sse
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
i
t
y
.
”
(
P6
)
“
…r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s s
e
l
f
-
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
”
(
P7
)
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
b
i
a
ses
“
A
d
d
r
e
ssi
n
g
s
y
st
e
mi
c
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s i
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
f
o
r
e
q
u
i
t
y
.
”
(
P5
)
“
…
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
a
d
v
o
c
a
c
y
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
(
P9
)
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
“
A
l
i
g
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
s w
h
i
l
e
b
e
i
n
g
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
i
s c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
.
”
(
P5
)
“
…
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
sel
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
l
a
n
s.
”
(
P1
)
C
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
B
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
a
l
l
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
“
F
o
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
b
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
g
i
s
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
f
o
r
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
(
P3
)
S
a
f
e
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
d
i
s
c
u
ss
i
o
n
s
“
C
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
s
a
f
e
s
p
a
c
e
s f
o
r
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
p
i
c
s
i
s
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
.
”
(
P
1
0
)
“
…
a
s a
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
,
i
t
n
e
e
d
s
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
sp
e
c
t
f
u
l
d
i
a
l
o
g
u
e
.
”
(
P4
)
4
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
f
o
r
t
he
qu
a
ntit
a
t
iv
e
ph
a
s
e
4.
2
.
1
.
Ass
ess
e
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
eness
lev
el
o
f
t
he
identif
ied st
ra
t
eg
ies in im
plem
ent
ing
CRP
T
ab
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
all
s
tr
ateg
ies
wer
e
r
ated
as
h
ig
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
in
clu
s
iv
ity
,
a
n
d
cu
ltu
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
well
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
.
A
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
at
eg
ies
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
c
u
lt
u
r
all
y
r
ele
v
an
t
m
at
er
ials
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
ea
n
s
c
o
r
e
(
3
.
7
7
)
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
u
s
in
g
lit
er
at
u
r
e,
m
ed
ia
,
an
d
c
u
lt
u
r
al
a
r
t
if
ac
ts
h
el
p
s
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
e
r
s
p
e
cti
v
es
.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
s
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ee
t
h
ei
r
o
w
n
cu
lt
u
r
e
i
n
le
a
r
n
in
g
m
ate
r
i
als
,
th
ey
f
e
el
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
,
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
e
m
o
r
e,
a
n
d
en
g
ag
e
i
n
d
e
e
p
e
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
t
h
a
t
c
u
l
tu
r
all
y
r
e
le
v
a
n
t
m
ate
r
ia
ls
ar
e
n
o
t
ju
s
t
h
el
p
f
u
l
b
u
t
n
e
ce
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
c
r
e
ati
n
g
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
le
ar
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
i
e
n
c
es.
W
h
e
n
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
lat
e
t
h
e
ir
o
w
n
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
s
t
o
wh
at
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
y
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
m
o
t
iv
a
te
d
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
ei
r
s
t
u
d
ies
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
alig
n
in
g
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
with
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
r
e
ce
iv
ed
th
e
lo
west
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
(
3
.
5
1
)
,
th
o
u
g
h
it
was
s
till
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
ig
h
ly
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
wh
ile
f
lex
ib
le
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
te
ac
h
er
s
m
ay
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
u
s
e
th
em
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
.
T
h
e
lo
wer
r
atin
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
cu
r
r
en
t
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
m
ay
n
o
t
f
u
lly
r
ef
lect
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
way
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
n
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Sch
o
o
ls
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
n
ew
way
s
to
ass
e
s
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
at
allo
w
th
em
to
s
h
o
wca
s
e
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
in
way
s
th
at
r
esp
ec
t th
eir
c
u
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
o
f
3
.
6
9
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
elp
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
CRT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
in
v
est
in
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
,
ex
p
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
ele
v
an
t
m
ate
r
ials
,
an
d
estab
lis
h
p
o
licies
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
CRP
.
R
ath
er
th
an
r
ely
in
g
s
o
lely
o
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
C
R
P sh
o
u
ld
b
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
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I
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t
J
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Vo
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15
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2
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Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
6
8
7
-
1
6
9
7
1692
T
ab
le
4
.
Ass
ess
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
lev
el
o
f
th
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
s
tr
ateg
ies in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
CRP
I
t
e
m st
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
M
e
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o
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V
e
r
b
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
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t
a
t
i
o
n
1.
U
si
n
g
o
f
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
t
e
x
t
s,
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s)
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
d
i
v
e
r
se
c
u
l
t
u
r
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l
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
3
.
7
7
0
.
4
3
H
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
2.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
n
g
d
i
v
e
r
se
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
med
i
a
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n
r
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c
h
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s
st
u
d
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t
s’
a
w
a
r
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n
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s
a
n
d
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p
p
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c
i
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t
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d
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v
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si
t
y
3
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7
4
0
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4
5
H
i
g
h
l
y
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f
f
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c
t
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v
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F
o
st
e
r
i
n
g
a
s
a
f
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
e
n
v
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r
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men
t
t
h
a
t
p
r
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mo
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p
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c
t
a
n
d
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n
c
l
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si
v
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t
y
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o
w
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d
b
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c
k
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r
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d
s
3
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7
2
0
.
5
1
H
i
g
h
l
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f
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t
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G
i
v
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c
t
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v
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n
d
p
r
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t
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d
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g
a
mo
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g
st
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t
s
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m
d
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f
f
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n
t
c
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l
t
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r
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l
b
a
c
k
g
r
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d
s
3
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7
2
0
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4
9
H
i
g
h
l
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f
f
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c
t
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5.
A
n
a
l
y
z
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n
g
c
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r
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t
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t
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c
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c
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g
l
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b
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ssu
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s wi
t
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r
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t
s
3
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6
7
0
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5
3
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h
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t
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6.
P
r
o
v
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d
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n
g
o
p
p
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r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
f
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st
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d
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t
s
t
o
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x
p
r
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ss
t
h
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r
c
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l
t
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t
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t
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s
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d
p
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a
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s
t
h
e
i
r
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n
g
a
g
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me
n
t
i
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l
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3
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5
0
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4
9
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7.
En
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
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g
s
t
u
d
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n
t
-
l
e
d
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c
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v
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s
a
n
d
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q
u
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y
-
b
a
se
d
l
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a
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f
o
st
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r
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3
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2
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5
3
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8.
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d
a
p
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g
l
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a
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p
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w
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c
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o
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3
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9
0
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5
6
H
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h
l
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f
f
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v
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9.
A
l
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
ssessm
e
n
t
s w
i
t
h
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
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l
y
r
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l
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v
a
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mes
3
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1
0
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5
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g
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l
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f
f
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c
t
i
v
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1
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.
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o
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b
o
r
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t
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w
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t
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c
o
mm
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y
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3
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4
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3
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0
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0
H
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g
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e
f
f
e
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t
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4
.
3
.
E
x
t
ent
o
f
diff
iculty
o
f
t
h
e
enco
un
t
er
ed
cha
lleng
es
T
ab
le
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
f
ac
e
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
C
R
P.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
all
ch
allen
g
es
wer
e
r
ated
as
h
i
g
h
ly
d
i
f
f
icu
lt,
with
a
n
o
v
er
all
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
o
f
3
.
7
2
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
ile
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
R
P,
s
u
b
s
tan
tial b
ar
r
ier
s
h
in
d
er
its
f
u
ll im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
ch
allen
g
es,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
o
p
en
an
d
r
esp
ec
tf
u
l
d
ialo
g
u
e
a
b
o
u
t
c
u
ltu
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
was
r
ated
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
if
f
icu
lt.
T
h
is
was
m
an
if
ested
b
y
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
(
3
.
7
7
)
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
h
a
n
d
lin
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
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ar
e
ac
k
n
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wled
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e
d
an
d
r
esp
ec
ted
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
m
a
y
lac
k
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
o
r
co
n
f
id
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ce
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f
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ate
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n
v
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s
o
n
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ltu
r
al
i
d
en
titi
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s
o
cial
in
eq
u
alities
,
an
d
h
is
to
r
i
ca
l
b
iases
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
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d
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lo
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m
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t
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s
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o
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ally
r
esp
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s
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m
m
u
n
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n
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n
d
co
n
f
lic
t r
eso
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tio
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.
An
o
th
er
s
ig
n
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ica
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t
ch
allen
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e
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tify
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g
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
ic
b
iases
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
3
.
7
5
)
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
cu
r
r
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lu
m
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
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d
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o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
te
n
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
im
p
licit
b
iases
.
T
h
es
e
b
iases
lim
it
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
iv
er
s
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
ese
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
r
e
q
u
ir
es
t
ar
g
eted
p
o
licy
r
ef
o
r
m
s
,
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t
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n
itiativ
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d
in
s
titu
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co
m
m
itm
en
t to
e
q
u
ity
-
d
r
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u
ca
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.
On
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e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
c
h
allen
g
e
with
th
e
l
o
west
d
if
f
icu
l
ty
r
atin
g
,
b
u
t
s
till
class
if
ied
as
h
ig
h
ly
d
if
f
icu
lt,
was
co
llab
o
r
atin
g
with
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
(
3
.
6
1
)
.
W
h
ile
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
ca
n
en
r
ich
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cu
ltu
r
al
awa
r
en
es
s
,
lo
g
is
tical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
—
s
u
ch
as
tim
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
g
ap
s
,
an
d
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
i
o
r
ities
—
o
f
ten
h
in
d
er
s
u
s
tain
ed
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
n
s
id
er
f
o
r
m
alizin
g
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
r
eso
u
r
c
e
-
s
h
ar
in
g
in
itiativ
es,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
n
s
u
m
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
t
r
ain
in
g
,
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
ts
,
an
d
p
o
l
icy
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
.
W
ith
o
u
t th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
ed
u
c
ato
r
s
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t CR
P e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
ab
le
5
.
E
x
ten
t o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
th
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
c
h
allen
g
es
I
t
e
m st
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
V
e
r
b
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
1.
R
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
b
i
a
ses
t
o
f
o
st
e
r
e
q
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
3
.
7
6
0
.
4
2
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
2.
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
c
b
i
a
ses
w
i
t
h
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
3
.
7
5
0
.
4
6
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
3.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
a
c
r
o
ss
d
i
v
e
r
se
c
o
u
r
ses
3
.
7
2
0
.
5
3
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
4.
C
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
men
t
s
3
.
7
0
0
.
4
7
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
5.
F
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
n
g
safe
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
c
u
ssi
o
n
s
o
n
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
t
o
p
i
c
s
3
.
6
8
0
.
5
4
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
6.
P
r
o
mo
t
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
f
u
l
d
i
a
l
o
g
u
e
a
b
o
u
t
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
si
mi
l
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
a
mo
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
3
.
7
7
0
.
5
1
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
7.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
a
i
r
a
ssessm
e
n
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
l
i
g
n
w
i
t
h
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
d
i
v
e
r
se
st
u
d
e
n
t
n
e
e
d
s
3
.
7
4
0
.
5
6
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
8.
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
t
o
e
n
r
i
c
h
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
3
.
6
1
0
.
5
8
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
C
o
m
p
o
si
t
e
mea
n
3
.
7
2
0
.
5
1
H
i
g
h
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2252
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1693
4.
4
.
Dis
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s
io
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T
h
e
f
in
d
in
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s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
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n
s
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d
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r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
R
P
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
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.
B
o
th
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
g
en
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ally
e
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f
ec
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t
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ag
em
en
t,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
ity
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
[
2
0
]
-
[
22
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es
in
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ad
d
r
es
s
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
iases
,
alig
n
in
g
C
R
P
with
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
af
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
c
u
ltu
r
al
to
p
ics
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
ase,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
i
d
en
tifi
ed
th
r
ee
k
ey
th
e
m
es
f
o
r
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
a
n
t
m
ater
ials
,
cu
ltu
r
ally
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
class
r
o
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
v
o
ice
an
d
ch
o
ice.
Facu
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
em
p
h
asize
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
iv
er
s
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
m
ed
ia,
en
g
a
g
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
in
clu
s
iv
e
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
r
o
jects,
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
c
u
ltu
r
al
len
s
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ev
en
ts
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
s
’
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
in
to
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
s
ter
s
d
ee
p
er
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
id
en
tity
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Facu
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
wh
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
d
iv
er
s
e
liter
atu
r
e,
m
u
s
ic,
an
d
a
r
t
n
o
ted
t
h
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
en
th
u
s
iasm
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
ce
p
ts
[
2
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
o
u
tl
in
ed
k
e
y
ch
allen
g
es
en
co
u
n
te
r
ed
in
C
R
P
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
c
ateg
o
r
ized
in
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
b
ias,
in
teg
r
atin
g
C
R
P
in
t
o
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
in
clu
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Sin
ce
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
iases
em
er
g
ed
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
alle
n
g
e,
th
is
r
e
q
u
ir
es
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
ad
v
o
ca
cy
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Facu
lty
m
em
b
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
alig
n
in
g
C
R
P
with
ex
is
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Sleeter
an
d
C
ar
m
o
n
a
[
2
8
]
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
en
s
u
r
es
in
clu
s
iv
e,
a
d
a
p
tab
le,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
b
elo
n
g
in
g
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
c
u
ltu
r
al
to
p
ics
wer
e
n
o
ted
as
c
o
m
p
lex
y
et
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
a
n
in
clu
s
iv
e
le
ar
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
o
f
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
s
a
f
e
s
p
ac
e
s
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
c
l
e
a
r
g
u
i
d
e
li
n
e
s
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
f
u
l
d
ia
l
o
g
u
e
,
a
n
d
f
a
c
u
l
ty
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
i
ti
v
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
[
3
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
al
l
id
en
tifie
d
C
R
P
s
tr
ateg
ies
we
r
e
r
ated
as
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
-
r
ated
s
tr
ateg
y
was
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ee
th
ei
r
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
r
ef
lecte
d
in
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
th
ey
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
co
n
n
ec
t
with
th
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
p
ar
ticip
a
te
ac
tiv
ely
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
As
cited
by
Yo
o
n
[
3
1
]
,
c
u
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
m
ater
ials
in
clu
d
e
d
iv
er
s
e
liter
atu
r
e,
m
e
d
ia,
h
is
to
r
ical
tex
ts
,
v
is
u
al
a
r
ts
,
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
r
ef
lect
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
tr
a
teg
ies
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
ic
e
an
d
c
h
o
ice,
s
u
c
h
as
s
tu
d
en
t
-
led
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
lear
n
in
g
p
ath
way
s
,
wer
e
also
r
ate
d
h
i
g
h
ly
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
i
n
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
n
g
s
elf
-
e
x
p
r
ess
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
ee
p
er
lea
r
n
i
n
g
.
A
ls
o
,
t
h
is
f
o
s
te
r
s
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e,
an
d
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
b
ec
au
s
e
lear
n
in
g
is
more
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
.
As
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
Go
r
s
k
i
[
3
2
]
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
tak
e
an
ac
tiv
e
r
o
le
in
th
eir
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
ey
d
ev
el
o
p
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
s
k
ills
an
d
a
d
ee
p
e
r
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
co
n
ten
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
lo
west
-
r
ated
s
tr
ateg
y
was
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
ts
with
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
t
o
im
p
lem
e
n
t
f
lex
ib
le
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
to
h
elp
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
d
esig
n
ass
ess
m
en
ts
th
at
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
c
u
l
tu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
t
iv
es.
W
it
h
o
u
t
c
u
lt
u
r
all
y
r
es
p
o
n
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
ts
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
a
y
f
a
ce
d
if
f
i
c
u
lti
es
i
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
way
s
th
at
r
ef
lect
th
eir
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les
[
33
]
,
[
34
].
Desp
ite
t
h
es
e
p
o
s
it
iv
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ts
s
u
b
s
ta
n
t
ial
c
h
alle
n
g
es
e
d
u
c
at
o
r
s
f
ac
e
i
n
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
in
g
C
R
P.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
h
a
lle
n
g
i
n
g
asp
ec
t
w
as
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
o
p
e
n
a
n
d
r
es
p
ec
t
f
u
l
d
ial
o
g
u
e
a
b
o
u
t
c
u
l
tu
r
a
l
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
r
ess
es
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
iti
es
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
i
n
f
a
cili
tat
in
g
s
en
s
iti
v
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
wit
h
i
n
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
A
d
d
iti
o
n
al
ly
,
t
h
e
c
h
al
le
n
g
e
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
ic
b
iases
wi
th
i
n
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
l i
n
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
s
p
o
in
ts
to
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
in
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
al
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
t
a
r
g
e
ted
f
ac
u
lt
y
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
cu
lt
u
r
all
y
i
n
c
lu
s
iv
e
p
r
ac
tic
es.
Fac
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
also
i
n
d
ic
ate
d
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
y
i
n
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
b
e
lo
n
g
i
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
all
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
at
i
n
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
al
p
o
lic
ies
a
n
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
i
ca
l
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
y
a
cti
v
el
y
p
r
o
m
o
te
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
i
ty
a
n
d
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
ati
o
n
.
I
n
cl
u
s
i
v
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
b
o
o
s
t st
u
d
e
n
t
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
w
ell
-
b
ei
n
g
,
an
d
ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
s
u
c
ce
s
s
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
C
R
P
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
First,
in
s
titu
t
io
n
s
m
u
s
t
in
v
est
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
eq
u
ip
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
n
av
ig
ate
c
u
ltu
r
al
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
Pro
v
id
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
o
n
b
ias
awa
r
en
ess
,
in
clu
s
iv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
cu
lt
u
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
will
b
e
ess
en
tial
in
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
th
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
[
3
3
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
r
ef
o
r
m
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
in
teg
r
ate
C
R
P
p
r
in
cip
les
m
o
r
e
s
ea
m
less
ly
with
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
2
]
.
Flex
ib
ilit
y
in
co
u
r
s
e
d
esig
n
,
d
iv
er
s
if
ied
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
cu
lt
u
r
ally
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
will
h
el
p
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
C
R
P
b
ec
o
m
es a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
in
g
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
with
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
B
añ
ez
[
3
6
]
,
cu
ltu
r
al
lead
er
s
,
p
a
r
e
n
ts
,
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
wo
r
k
co
llab
o
r
ativ
ely
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
au
th
e
n
ticity
o
f
C
R
P p
r
ac
tices.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
E
v
a
n
s
[
3
7
]
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
a
t e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
with
lo
ca
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
en
a
b
les
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
to
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
c
u
ltu
r
al
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
in
to
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
.
Stu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
a
d
o
p
ted
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ies
p
r
o
v
id
ed
m
o
r
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
teac
h
in
g
-
le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
[
3
8
]
-
[
4
0
]
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
wh
ile
C
R
P
s
t
r
ateg
ies
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
6
8
7
-
1
6
9
7
1694
f
o
s
ter
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
th
e
ir
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
em
ai
n
s
ch
allen
g
in
g
d
u
e
to
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
cu
ltu
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
c
es in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
tr
ain
in
g
to
in
teg
r
ate
C
R
P
in
t
o
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
I
f
ac
h
iev
ed
,
th
is
ca
n
cr
ea
te
m
o
r
e
eq
u
itab
le
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
t
s
[
4
3
]
-
[
4
5
]
.
4.
5
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
po
licy
brief
:
a
dv
a
ncing
cult
ura
lly
re
s
po
ns
i
v
e
peda
g
o
g
y
in P
hil
ipp
i
ne
s
h
ig
her
educa
t
io
n
4
.
5
.
1
.
J
us
t
if
ica
t
io
n f
o
r
t
he
brief
a
nd
po
licy
o
bje
ct
iv
es
C
R
P
e
n
h
a
n
c
es
s
tu
d
en
t
e
n
g
a
g
em
e
n
t
,
l
ea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
,
a
n
d
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
i
ty
ac
r
o
s
s
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
s
etti
n
g
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
te
x
t
o
f
P
h
i
li
p
p
i
n
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
,
C
R
P
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
is
c
h
al
le
n
g
e
d
b
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p
e
r
s
is
t
e
n
t
b
i
ases
,
r
i
g
i
d
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
la
,
a
n
d
li
m
i
te
d
i
n
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
al
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
p
o
l
ic
y
b
r
i
e
f
s
ee
k
s
t
o
p
r
es
en
t
e
v
i
d
e
n
ce
-
b
ase
d
s
t
r
at
e
g
ies
to
ef
f
e
cti
v
el
y
i
n
t
eg
r
a
te
C
R
P
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
d
is
co
n
n
e
ct
b
etwe
e
n
n
ati
o
n
a
l
p
o
lic
y
a
n
d
c
lass
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
ti
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
o
b
je
cti
v
es
a
r
e
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
te
f
a
cu
lt
y
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
,
a
d
v
o
ca
t
e
f
o
r
cu
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
r
e
f
o
r
m
,
en
s
u
r
e
a
d
e
q
u
at
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
al
lo
ca
t
io
n
,
f
o
s
te
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
v
el
o
p
co
h
e
r
en
t
p
o
li
cy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
e
ch
an
is
m
s
.
4
.
5
.
2
.
K
ey
m
ess
a
g
es/p
o
licy
re
co
mm
enda
t
io
ns
T
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
aliz
atio
n
o
f
C
R
P,
s
ev
er
al
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Fir
s
t,
f
ac
u
lty
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
alize
d
to
em
p
o
wer
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
to
o
ls
to
im
p
lem
en
t
C
R
P
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wo
u
ld
en
h
a
n
ce
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ate
g
ies
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
class
r
o
o
m
in
clu
s
iv
ity
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
cu
r
r
icu
la
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ev
is
ed
t
o
in
te
g
r
ate
d
iv
er
s
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
ad
o
p
t
in
clu
s
iv
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
co
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t
r
ef
lects
th
e
m
u
ltic
u
ltu
r
al
r
ea
liti
es
o
f
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
s
o
ciety
.
T
h
i
r
d
,
th
e
r
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
al
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
in
an
cial
a
n
d
m
a
ter
ial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
C
R
P
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
d
e
d
icate
d
r
esear
ch
ce
n
ter
s
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
s
tr
en
g
th
en
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
with
lo
ca
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
allo
win
g
r
ea
l
-
l
if
e
cu
ltu
r
al
n
ar
r
ativ
es
a
n
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
to
en
r
ic
h
ac
ad
e
m
ic
co
n
ten
t.
L
astl
y
,
n
atio
n
al
g
u
id
eli
n
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
iz
e
C
R
P
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
4
.
5
.
3
.
Descript
io
n o
f
po
licy
o
ptio
ns
T
a
b
le
6
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
ze
s
t
h
e
k
ey
p
o
li
cy
o
p
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
d
v
an
ci
n
g
C
R
P
in
P
h
ili
p
p
i
n
e
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
c
at
io
n
.
T
h
es
e
p
o
lic
y
o
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
f
e
r
d
is
ti
n
c
t p
a
th
w
ay
s
f
o
r
a
d
v
a
n
ci
n
g
CRP
i
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
F
ac
u
lt
y
t
r
ai
n
in
g
is
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
al
,
eq
u
i
p
p
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
at
o
r
s
wi
t
h
t
h
e
s
k
il
ls
t
o
d
eli
v
er
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
cti
o
n
,
t
h
o
u
g
h
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
u
s
tai
n
e
d
in
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
a
l
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
.
C
u
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
r
ef
o
r
m
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
ts
th
is
b
y
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
d
iv
er
s
e
cu
lt
u
r
al
co
n
t
e
n
t
,
b
u
t
m
a
y
en
co
u
n
t
er
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
tr
a
d
iti
o
n
a
l
a
c
ad
em
i
c
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
es
an
d
s
lo
w
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
r
a
tes
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
R
P
-
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
r
ese
ar
c
h
ce
n
t
e
r
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
b
o
t
h
f
ac
u
l
ty
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
c
u
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
e
n
r
ic
h
m
e
n
t
,
al
th
o
u
g
h
f
i
n
a
n
c
ial
co
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
ts
m
a
y
li
m
it
s
c
al
ab
ilit
y
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
a
r
t
n
er
s
h
i
p
s
o
f
f
e
r
v
al
u
ab
le
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
it
ies
f
o
r
c
o
n
t
ex
tu
al
lea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
c
u
l
tu
r
al
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e,
y
et
th
ey
d
e
m
an
d
c
ar
e
f
u
l
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
ti
o
n
an
d
co
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
Fi
n
a
ll
y
,
n
at
io
n
al
p
o
l
ic
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
t
h
e
n
e
ce
s
s
a
r
y
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
s
y
s
t
em
ic
a
n
d
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
iz
ed
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
,
b
u
t
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
at
ic
h
u
r
d
l
es
m
a
y
h
i
n
d
e
r
ti
m
e
ly
e
x
ec
u
t
i
o
n
.
T
a
k
e
n
to
g
e
th
e
r
,
th
ese
s
tr
ate
g
i
es
p
r
ese
n
t
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
b
al
a
n
c
ed
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
e
m
b
e
d
d
in
g
C
R
P
wit
h
i
n
t
h
e
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
ab
le
6
.
Descr
ip
tio
n
o
f
p
o
licy
o
p
tio
n
s
P
o
l
i
c
y
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
D
i
sad
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
R
e
g
u
l
a
r
w
o
r
k
sh
o
p
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
n
C
R
P
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s.
I
n
c
r
e
a
se
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
st
u
d
e
n
t
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
.
C
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
r
e
f
o
r
m
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
d
i
v
e
r
se
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
i
n
t
o
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
.
P
r
o
m
o
t
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
t
r
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
u
l
t
y
;
sl
o
w
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
.
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
R
P
-
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s a
n
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
e
n
t
e
r
s.
B
e
t
t
e
r
a
c
c
e
ss
t
o
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
t
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
su
p
p
o
r
t
.
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
i
n
v
e
s
t
me
n
t
.
C
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
r
i
c
h
me
n
t
.
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
s
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
L
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
s.
P
o
l
i
c
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
C
R
P
i
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
En
a
b
l
e
s
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
,
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
B
u
r
e
a
u
c
r
a
t
i
c
d
e
l
a
y
s
i
n
p
o
l
i
c
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
a
n
d
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
ese
p
o
licy
o
p
tio
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o
f
f
er
d
is
tin
ct
p
ath
way
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f
o
r
ad
v
an
c
in
g
CRP
in
h
ig
h
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u
ca
tio
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.
Facu
lty
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ain
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g
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o
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n
d
atio
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eq
u
ip
p
in
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ca
to
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with
th
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th
o
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g
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it
r
eq
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ir
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s
u
s
tain
ed
in
s
titu
tio
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in
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est
m
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C
u
r
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m
r
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m
co
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p
lem
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th
is
b
y
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b
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d
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cu
ltu
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co
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ten
t,
b
u
t
m
a
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co
u
n
ter
r
esis
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
an
d
s
lo
w
ad
o
p
tio
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ates.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
R
P
-
f
o
cu
s
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eso
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ch
c
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ter
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p
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ts
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o
th
f
ac
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ev
elo
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a
n
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2
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eq
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x
p
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o
f str
a
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n
d
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imp
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1695
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
en
r
ic
h
m
en
t,
alth
o
u
g
h
f
in
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
m
a
y
lim
it
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
tn
e
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s
h
ip
s
o
f
f
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tex
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lear
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d
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ltu
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ex
ch
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g
e,
y
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th
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y
d
em
an
d
ca
r
ef
u
l
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
en
g
ag
em
en
t
.
Fin
ally
,
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
ic
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
b
u
t
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
h
u
r
d
les
m
ay
h
in
d
er
tim
e
ly
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
ak
e
n
to
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
p
r
esen
t
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
b
a
lan
ce
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
em
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
C
R
P
w
ith
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
4
.
6
.
F
urt
her
co
ns
idera
t
io
ns
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
a
n
d
s
u
s
ta
in
a
b
l
e
C
R
P
i
n
te
g
r
at
io
n
,
it
is
es
s
en
t
ial
to
est
ab
lis
h
m
o
n
it
o
r
i
n
g
in
d
ic
at
o
r
s
th
a
t
c
an
ass
ess
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
e
f
f
o
r
ts
.
R
e
g
u
la
r
r
e
v
ie
ws
a
n
d
u
p
d
at
e
s
o
f
C
R
P
p
o
li
cies
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
b
as
e
d
o
n
f
e
e
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
es
ea
r
c
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
is
v
i
tal
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
C
R
P
p
r
ac
t
ic
es
a
n
d
ad
ap
t
th
em
t
o
e
v
o
lv
in
g
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
l
co
n
t
e
x
ts
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
C
R
P
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
e,
en
g
ag
in
g
,
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Usi
n
g
b
o
th
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
a
ly
s
es,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
C
R
P
s
tr
ate
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cu
l
tu
r
ally
r
elev
an
t
m
ater
ials
,
in
clu
s
iv
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class
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
ice
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
id
en
tity
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
iases
,
ali
g
n
in
g
C
R
P
with
r
ig
id
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
A
k
ey
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
its
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
C
R
P
with
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
ar
ea
th
at
r
e
m
ain
s
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e.
Un
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
o
f
te
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
o
r
etica
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
C
R
P,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
r
id
g
es
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
licy
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
co
n
cr
ete,
ev
i
d
en
ce
-
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
its
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
a
p
o
licy
b
r
ief
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
p
r
ac
tical
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
tr
ai
n
in
g
,
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ef
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
f
u
r
th
er
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
its
n
o
v
elty
.
I
n
s
u
m
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
b
lu
ep
r
in
t
f
o
r
in
te
g
r
atin
g
C
R
P in
to
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l m
a
n
n
er
.
B
ey
o
n
d
its
i
m
m
e
d
ia
te
i
m
p
lic
ati
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
at
o
r
s
,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ad
v
an
ce
s
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
o
n
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
al
e
q
u
it
y
.
I
t
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
s
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
,
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
p
o
lic
y
in
te
r
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
CRT
p
r
ac
tic
es.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
s
h
o
u
l
d
ex
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
l
o
n
g
it
u
d
i
n
al
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
C
R
P
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
a
ch
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
r
e
te
n
ti
o
n
.
A
s
u
s
tai
n
ed
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
c
u
lt
u
r
al
ly
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
e
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
w
ill
b
e
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
tal
i
n
s
h
ap
in
g
m
o
r
e
i
n
cl
u
s
i
v
e
an
d
s
o
ci
all
y
ju
s
t l
ea
r
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
f
o
r
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
o
p
u
la
ti
o
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
a
p
p
r
e
c
i
a
t
e
al
l
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
c
o
l
le
a
g
u
e
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
s
t
itu
t
i
o
n
a
l
lead
er
s
wh
o
s
e
in
v
alu
ab
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
g
u
id
an
ce
,
an
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
p
o
licy
b
r
ief
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
with
in
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
lead
er
s
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
co
m
m
itted
to
ad
v
an
cin
g
in
clu
s
i
v
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
y
.
F
UNDING
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NF
O
R
M
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h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
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was r
ec
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d
f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
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s
ity
f
o
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th
e
c
o
n
d
u
ct
o
f
t
h
is
r
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ch
.
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th
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ip
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