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e
n
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ar
tif
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tellig
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ce
(
Gen
A
I
)
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Gen
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
C
h
atGPT
,
C
lau
d
e,
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tex
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im
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es,
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d
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ltimo
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[
3
]
,
[
4
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ar
e
in
cr
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s
in
g
ly
in
teg
r
ated
in
t
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
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p
r
ac
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[
5
]
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[
6
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I
n
teac
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ca
tio
n
,
Gen
AI
s
u
p
p
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r
ts
less
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lan
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[
7
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,
f
o
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m
ativ
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ass
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m
en
t
[
8
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,
p
r
o
f
ess
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lecti
o
n
[
9
]
,
a
n
d
AI
liter
ac
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e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
I
ts
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s
e
ca
n
also
b
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in
ter
p
r
eted
th
r
o
u
g
h
estab
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h
ed
f
r
am
ewo
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k
s
s
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as
tech
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lo
g
ical
p
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d
ag
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co
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ten
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k
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s
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titu
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m
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(
SAMR
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wh
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tech
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t
k
n
o
wled
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in
ter
s
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in
AI
-
m
ed
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teac
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in
g
.
R
ec
en
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s
tu
d
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p
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asize
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at
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-
s
u
p
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d
en
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m
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c
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ce
in
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an
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s
ib
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d
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ev
elo
p
m
en
tally
ap
p
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p
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lear
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in
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[
1
2
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–
[
1
4
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.
T
h
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f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
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t
t
h
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n
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to
p
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to
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Gen
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p
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Desp
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ev
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in
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ca
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s
lim
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p
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ly
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r
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s
s
u
ch
as
Af
r
ica
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ica
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
also
co
n
s
tr
ain
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b
y
s
m
all
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p
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ize
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s
h
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ter
m
d
esig
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s
,
a
n
d
lim
ite
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licab
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y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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N:
2252
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8
8
2
2
Gen
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A
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in
tea
ch
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c
a
tio
n
:
a
s
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(
Lo
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(
PR
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b
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2
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0
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5
)
f
o
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s
in
g
s
p
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if
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Gen
AI
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teac
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T
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to
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ex
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a
p
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s
;
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a
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f
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th
is
r
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p
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v
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a
tim
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w
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io
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
ev
iew
lies
in
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
First,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
ea
r
lies
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
em
p
ir
ical
Ge
n
AI
s
tu
d
ies
in
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
1
to
2
0
2
5
,
with
ex
p
licit
atten
tio
n
to
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ar
ea
s
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
ted
i
n
ex
is
tin
g
r
ev
iews
.
Seco
n
d
,
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
3
5
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies,
it
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
teg
r
ativ
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
lin
k
in
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
p
ath
way
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
it
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
cr
itical
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
(
6
0
%
)
a
n
d
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
lo
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
v
a
l
i
d
a
ti
o
n
,
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
e
m
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
C
u
r
r
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
ws
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
im
b
alan
ce
(
2
6
%
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
C
h
in
a
an
d
1
4
%
f
r
o
m
th
e
US)
,
s
ca
r
city
o
f
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
r
esear
ch
,
a
n
d
a
lack
o
f
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
Gen
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es
lim
i
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
Ge
n
AI
’
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t
an
d
co
n
tex
t
u
al
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
is
r
ev
iew
is
g
u
id
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
RQ
)
:
−
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
p
p
licati
o
n
s
o
f
Gen
AI
in
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
?
(
R
Q1
)
−
W
h
at
b
en
ef
its
an
d
ch
allen
g
es a
r
e
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e?
(
R
Q2
)
−
W
h
at
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
r
em
ain
,
a
n
d
wh
at
ar
e
t
h
eir
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
an
d
p
r
ac
tic
e?
(
R
Q3
)
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
h
er
e
d
to
th
e
PR
I
SMA
g
u
id
elin
es,
a
wid
ely
ac
ce
p
ted
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
cip
l
in
es.
PR
I
S
MA
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
in
clu
d
e
s
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
k
ey
s
tep
s
:
i
)
estab
li
s
h
in
g
clea
r
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
;
ii
)
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
a
n
d
ex
ec
u
tin
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
;
iii
)
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
an
d
s
elec
tin
g
elig
ib
le
s
tu
d
ies
;
iv
)
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
escr
ib
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies
;
an
d
v
)
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
an
d
a
n
aly
zin
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
[
1
7
]
.
Ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
ese
s
tep
s
en
s
u
r
es
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
an
d
r
ig
o
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
r
e
v
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
5
2
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8
8
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2
I
n
t
J
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v
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&
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u
c
,
Vo
l
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15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
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-
9
7
5
968
2
.
1
.
I
nclus
io
n a
nd
e
x
clus
io
n
cr
it
er
ia
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
ed
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
e
lectio
n
o
f
r
elev
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
alig
n
ed
w
ith
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
o
n
l
y
s
tu
d
ies
r
e
lated
to
Gen
AI
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
J
an
u
ar
y
1
s
t,
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
J
u
l
y
31
s
t,
2
0
2
5
in
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S)
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
d
a
tab
ase
s
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
Ar
ticle
s
h
ad
to
ex
p
licitly
f
o
cu
s
o
n
G
en
AI
an
d
b
e
r
elate
d
to
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
teac
h
e
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
.
S
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ex
clu
d
e
d
if
th
e
y
wer
e
n
o
t
r
elate
d
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
Ge
n
AI
,
n
o
t
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
n
o
t
p
ee
r
-
r
e
v
iewe
d
,
o
r
co
n
d
u
cted
with
in
K
-
1
2
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
en
s
u
r
e
d
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies.
2
.
2
.
L
it
er
a
t
ure
s
ea
rc
h
W
o
S
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
e
n
as
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
th
eir
b
r
o
ad
co
v
e
r
ag
e
a
n
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
.
Usi
n
g
B
o
o
lean
lo
g
ic
with
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
“
Gen
AI
”
an
d
“
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
1
7
1
ar
t
icles
wer
e
in
itially
id
en
tifie
d
.
Af
ter
ex
clu
d
in
g
o
u
td
ated
,
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
,
n
o
n
-
a
r
ticle,
an
d
d
u
p
licate
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
1
0
3
r
em
ain
e
d
.
Sco
p
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
r
em
o
v
ed
8
9
u
n
r
elat
ed
o
r
d
u
p
licate
item
s
,
leav
in
g
8
2
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
ex
clu
d
ed
4
6
ir
r
elev
a
n
t
o
r
non
-
r
et
r
iev
ed
ar
ticles
,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
wo
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
s
cr
ee
n
e
d
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
(
C
o
h
en
’
s
k
ap
p
a=
0
.
8
5
)
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
3
5
a
r
ticles
f
o
r
f
in
al
r
e
v
iew.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
lis
t
o
f
r
ev
iewe
d
ar
ticles
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
a
v
ailab
le
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
y
ea
r
s
s
h
o
ws
a
clea
r
u
p
war
d
tr
en
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
1
to
2
0
2
4
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
s
lig
h
t
d
ec
lin
e
in
2
0
2
5
.
T
h
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
2
0
2
3
an
d
2
0
2
4
,
co
in
ci
d
es
with
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
m
u
ltimo
d
al
Gen
AI
m
o
d
els
s
u
ch
as
C
h
atGPT
-
4
(
r
elea
s
ed
in
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
3
)
a
n
d
Gem
in
i
(
r
el
ea
s
ed
in
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
m
a
y
h
av
e
s
tim
u
lated
r
esear
ch
in
ter
est
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
lig
h
t
d
r
o
p
in
2
0
2
5
m
ay
p
ar
tly
r
elate
to
th
e
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
d
ea
d
lin
e.
T
h
is
t
r
en
d
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
m
ay
h
av
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
ted
to
a
s
h
if
t
in
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
f
r
o
m
tex
t
-
b
ased
to
o
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
8
]
t
o
m
u
ltimo
d
al
co
n
ten
t
g
en
e
r
atio
n
[
1
9
]
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
d
ea
d
lin
e
(
J
u
ly
2
0
2
5
)
m
ay
h
av
e
r
esu
lted
in
u
n
d
er
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
an
aly
ze
d
i
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
d
icate
s
th
at
C
h
in
a
(
2
6
%)
ten
d
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
an
d
p
o
licy
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
,
as
s
ee
n
in
r
esear
ch
o
n
AI
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
2
0
]
an
d
p
o
licy
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
em
p
h
asis
is
clo
s
ely
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
i
lo
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Un
ited
States
(
1
4
%)
ar
e
m
o
r
e
o
r
ie
n
ted
to
war
d
h
u
m
an
-
AI
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
le
ar
n
in
g
a
n
d
et
h
ical
r
ef
lectio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
an
aly
s
es
o
f
h
u
m
an
-
m
ac
h
in
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
in
wr
itin
g
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
1
]
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
er
s
[
2
2
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
r
eg
io
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
Af
r
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Fig
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8
8
2
2
Gen
era
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A
I
in
tea
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c
a
tio
n
:
a
s
ystema
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w
(
Lo
n
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fa
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a
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)
969
T
h
e
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aly
s
is
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
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al
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p
r
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s
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ws
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litativ
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ies
ac
co
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f
o
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th
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ajo
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ity
(
6
0
%)
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
f
o
cu
s
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n
s
tak
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ch
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v
ey
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
1
]
a
n
d
teac
h
er
in
ter
v
iews
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
i
s
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
f
ield
is
s
til
l
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
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ien
te
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d
d
escr
ip
tiv
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ch
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Mix
ed
-
m
eth
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d
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tu
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ies
(
1
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ar
e
m
o
s
tly
ap
p
lied
in
co
n
tex
ts
r
elate
d
to
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
2
3
]
,
aim
in
g
t
o
b
alan
ce
s
u
b
jectiv
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
with
o
b
jectiv
e
d
ata.
Qu
an
titativ
e
s
tu
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ies
(
2
9
%)
te
n
d
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cy
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
s
u
c
h
as
an
AI
liter
ac
y
s
ca
le
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
s
,
b
u
t
ty
p
ically
in
v
o
lv
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
izes
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
c
h
r
ef
le
cts
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
q
u
an
titativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
Gen
AI
u
s
e
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
Wha
t
a
re
t
he
curr
ent
a
pp
lica
t
io
ns
o
f
G
enAI in t
ea
cher
educa
t
io
n?
Gen
AI
h
as
s
h
o
wn
d
iv
er
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
r
ec
en
t
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
c
o
n
te
x
ts
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
en
c
o
m
p
ass
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
an
d
n
ee
d
s
o
f
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
co
n
ten
t
g
en
er
atio
n
,
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tu
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en
t
-
AI
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llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
,
g
u
id
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g
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
p
r
a
ctice
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d
p
o
licy
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
o
o
ls
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
o
g
eth
e
r
,
th
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
ef
lect
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
Gen
AI
in
t
o
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices a
n
d
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
Understa
nd
ing
t
he
p
er
ce
ptio
ns
a
nd
n
ee
d
s
o
f
s
t
a
k
eh
o
lders
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
r
ap
i
d
ly
a
d
v
a
n
cin
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
n
ee
d
s
o
f
k
ey
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
la
r
ly
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
te
g
r
a
tio
n
o
f
Gen
AI
i
n
to
wr
itin
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
B
ar
r
ett
an
d
Pack
[
2
1
]
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
Gen
AI
b
y
b
o
th
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
wr
itin
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
e
m
p
ir
ica
l
ev
id
en
ce
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
its
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
in
te
g
r
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
clea
r
u
s
ag
e
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Yau
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
in
v
esti
g
ate
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
eig
h
t
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
n
o
tin
g
p
o
ten
tial
s
elf
-
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
b
iases
an
d
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
lo
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
ev
id
en
ce
.
T
h
eir
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
ac
tu
al
Gen
AI
u
s
ag
e
p
atter
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
C
h
an
an
d
T
s
i
[
2
7
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
f
t
wo
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
e
r
s
o
n
ea
r
ly
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
is
s
m
all,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
ef
u
l
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
tailo
r
in
g
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
Gen
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
es
e
s
tu
d
ies
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t n
ee
d
s
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
Gen
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
I
ns
t
ruct
io
na
l
re
s
o
urce
s
a
nd
co
nte
nt
s
up
po
rt
Hwa
n
g
an
d
C
h
en
[
2
3
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
r
o
les
th
at
Gen
AI
ca
n
p
la
y
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ac
tin
g
as
a
teac
h
er
,
tu
to
r
,
o
r
l
ea
r
n
er
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
Gen
AI
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
task
s
s
u
ch
as
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
test
item
g
en
er
atio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
en
r
ich
i
n
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
r
ec
en
t
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
AI
-
in
-
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
AI
t
o
o
ls
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
to
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
/au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
a
r
e
e
n
r
ic
h
in
g
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
co
n
ten
t
av
ailab
le
to
lear
n
er
s
.
Su
ch
to
o
ls
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
,
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
i
n
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
[
2
8
]
.
Gen
AI
to
o
ls
lik
e
C
h
atGPT
also
e
n
h
an
ce
lear
n
er
m
o
tiv
atio
n
:
a
s
tu
d
y
with
J
ap
an
ese
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
Gen
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
wr
itin
g
cla
s
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
th
eir
id
ea
l
L
2
s
elf
an
d
lear
n
in
g
en
g
ag
em
en
t
[
2
9
]
.
3
.
1
.
3
.
Curric
ulu
m
des
ig
n
a
n
d
dev
elo
pm
ent
Dai
et
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
em
p
h
asize
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
e
x
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
Gen
A
I
-
g
en
er
ate
d
m
ater
ials
,
ca
n
h
el
p
alig
n
AI
cu
r
r
icu
la
f
o
r
p
r
im
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
with
lo
ca
l
n
ee
d
s
.
Kim
[
3
0
]
id
e
n
tifie
s
lim
ited
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
Gen
AI
ac
r
o
s
s
s
cien
ce
d
is
cip
lin
es
in
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
i
ce
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
co
n
tex
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
u
n
d
er
u
s
ed
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
en
h
an
ci
n
g
s
cien
ce
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
esig
n
[
3
1
]
a
n
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
3
2
]
.
Ho
u
s
s
ain
i
et
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
in
teg
r
ate
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
,
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
alig
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
Gen
AI
in
t
o
th
e
DR
I
I
PT
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
a
m
ed
ical
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
in
M
o
r
o
cc
o
,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
Gen
AI
’
s
r
o
le
in
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
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3
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[
3
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AI
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.
[
3
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h
ig
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lig
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lack
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ed
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.
[
1
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d
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tr
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3
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6
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Resea
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Dea
[
5
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d
is
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[
3
9
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p
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AI
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2
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Wha
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2
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2
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p
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[
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.
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[
3
7
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wh
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[
2
3
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x
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es,
o
f
f
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4
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.
[
2
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s
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[
2
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ex
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ly
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E
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ep
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an
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p
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[
2
6
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clea
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as
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g
ap
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licab
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r
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ca
p
ab
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[
2
1
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.
Ad
d
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ally
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s
im
p
lifie
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h
y
p
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s
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f
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ail
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lect
r
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-
wo
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ld
in
s
tr
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co
m
p
lex
ity
[
2
7
]
.
E
th
ic
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co
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r
n
s
ar
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f
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eq
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n
tly
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if
ic
ac
tio
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ab
le
g
u
id
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es
ar
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ca
r
ce
[
2
6
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
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f
5
6
E
cu
a
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ian
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FL
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ed
g
u
id
a
n
ce
[
4
3
]
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
cu
l
tu
r
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
also
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
,
as
m
a
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
s
itu
ated
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
r
estrictin
g
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
B
r
az
ilian
K
-
1
2
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
C
h
atGPT
as
o
f
f
er
in
g
p
o
ten
tial
b
en
ef
its
b
u
t
r
aisi
n
g
n
o
tab
le
c
h
allen
g
es f
o
r
ass
es
s
m
en
t a
n
d
ac
ad
em
ic
in
te
g
r
ity
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iewe
d
liter
atu
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
d
iv
er
g
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
eg
a
r
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
ch
allen
g
e
s
o
f
Gen
AI
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
ar
r
ett
an
d
Pack
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
tr
o
n
g
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
i
n
wr
itin
g
co
u
r
s
es
[
2
1
]
,
wh
er
ea
s
Yau
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
id
e
n
tify
s
k
ep
ticis
m
in
h
ig
h
-
s
tak
es
ass
ess
m
en
t
co
n
tex
ts
d
u
e
to
ac
ad
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
T
h
ese
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
G
en
AI
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
co
n
tex
t
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t,
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licy
,
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
c
u
ltu
r
e,
an
d
n
ati
o
n
al
n
o
r
m
s
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
n
o
te
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
cr
e
ativ
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ai
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s
,
f
ew
ex
a
m
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e
p
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ten
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o
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ch
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r
r
elian
ce
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to
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ate
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co
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t,
wea
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d
cr
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co
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itiv
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lo
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f
o
r
teac
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r
s
ev
alu
atin
g
AI
-
g
e
n
er
ated
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
.
Giv
en
th
at
m
o
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ely
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r
t
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to
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ab
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p
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ag
o
g
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p
r
o
v
em
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u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
th
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n
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d
f
o
r
ca
u
tio
u
s
in
ter
p
r
etatio
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an
d
f
u
r
th
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e
m
p
ir
ical
v
alid
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n
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
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f
in
d
in
g
s
,
r
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
Gen
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
tial
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
clu
s
iv
ity
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
J
a
im
e
-
Var
g
as
[
1
3
]
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
Gen
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
to
o
ls
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
lear
n
in
g
b
a
r
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ac
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8
8
2
2
Gen
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tive
A
I
in
tea
ch
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d
u
c
a
tio
n
:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
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w
(
Lo
n
g
fa
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n
)
971
eq
u
itab
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p
ar
ticip
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f
o
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d
iv
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s
e
lear
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s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
ep
a
r
e
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
to
ap
p
ly
Gen
AI
f
o
r
in
clu
s
iv
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
S
im
ilar
ly
,
R
o
ld
an
-
C
ar
d
o
n
a
et
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
c
a
n
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
v
e
an
d
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
le
lear
n
in
g
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
a
b
r
o
ad
er
n
ee
d
f
o
r
Gen
AI
-
m
e
d
iated
p
ed
ag
o
g
ies th
at
ad
d
r
ess
lear
n
er
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
an
asp
ec
t sti
ll u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
c
h
.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
er
,
t
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
esp
o
n
d
to
R
Q2
b
y
i
d
en
tify
in
g
b
o
th
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical,
eth
ical,
an
d
co
n
tex
t
u
al
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
Gen
AI
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
es tar
g
eted
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
3
.
3
.
Wha
t
re
s
ea
rc
h g
a
ps
re
m
a
in,
a
nd
wha
t
a
re
t
heir
i
mp
lica
t
io
ns
f
o
r
f
uture
re
s
ea
rc
h a
nd
pra
ct
ice?
3
.
3
.
1
.
G
a
ps
in
curr
ent
re
s
ea
rc
h
Desp
ite
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
est
in
Gen
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
p
er
s
is
t.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
lim
ited
s
am
p
le
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
F
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
B
ar
r
ett
an
d
Pack
[
2
1
]
f
o
cu
s
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
w
ith
m
ain
ly
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
er
s
;
Yau
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
d
r
a
w
s
am
p
les
f
r
o
m
eig
h
t
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
with
d
is
ci
p
lin
ar
y
im
b
ala
n
ce
;
C
h
an
an
d
T
s
i
[
2
7
]
,
an
d
F
ass
b
en
d
er
[
3
5
]
r
ely
o
n
o
n
l
y
two
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
E
n
g
lis
h
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
.
A
lack
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
is
also
co
m
m
o
n
,
as
n
o
ted
,
wh
er
e
m
o
s
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
em
ain
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
with
o
u
t
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
o
r
s
u
r
v
ey
-
b
ased
v
alid
atio
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
3
8
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
L
o
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
u
n
d
er
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
b
ec
au
s
e
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
r
ely
o
n
s
h
o
r
t
-
te
r
m
o
r
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
ata,
m
is
s
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ed
im
p
ac
t
p
atter
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
p
er
s
is
t,
as
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
e
o
u
td
a
ted
to
o
ls
o
r
f
o
cu
s
n
ar
r
o
wly
o
n
tex
t
-
b
ased
AI
,
o
v
er
lo
o
k
in
g
em
er
g
in
g
m
u
lti
m
o
d
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
[
2
1
]
.
E
t
h
ical
g
u
i
d
elin
es
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
m
en
tio
n
e
d
b
u
t
r
e
m
ain
v
ag
u
e
an
d
lack
ac
tio
n
a
b
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
in
te
r
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
is
also
u
n
d
er
ex
a
m
in
ed
,
with
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
r
o
o
ted
i
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
lim
itin
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
Gen
AI
’
s
a
p
p
licab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
A
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
in
v
o
lv
in
g
1
,
2
1
7
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
r
o
m
7
6
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
cu
ltu
r
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
Gen
AI
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
d
i
s
h
o
n
esty
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
eth
ical
p
o
licies
[
4
6
]
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
f
o
r
f
uture
re
s
ea
rc
h
a
nd
pra
ct
ice
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
b
y
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
s
am
p
le
s
izes
an
d
in
clu
d
in
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
,
s
c
h
o
o
l
ty
p
es,
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
d
i
s
cip
lin
es
[
3
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
L
o
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
to
e
v
alu
at
e
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els,
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
s
,
an
d
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ed
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
in
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
.
Gr
ea
ter
atten
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
AI
to
o
l
d
esig
n
an
d
tech
n
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
in
teg
r
atio
n
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
o
b
s
o
lescen
ce
.
Mu
ltimo
d
al
an
d
em
er
g
in
g
Gen
AI
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
war
r
an
t
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
to
b
r
o
ad
e
n
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
co
p
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
clea
r
,
ac
tio
n
ab
le
eth
i
ca
l
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
u
s
e
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
In
-
d
ep
th
an
aly
s
es
o
f
r
eg
io
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
t
h
ey
s
h
ap
e
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
p
o
licy
d
esig
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
4
8
]
.
R
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
also
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
an
d
au
th
e
n
tic
teac
h
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
ec
o
lo
g
ical
v
alid
ity
[
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fin
ally
,
c
r
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies,
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
an
d
s
u
b
ject
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
g
lo
b
al
s
ettin
g
s
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
clu
s
iv
e
Gen
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
lear
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
h
as
also
b
ee
n
em
p
h
asized
in
r
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
.
Al
-
B
ar
ak
at
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
s
h
o
w
th
at
d
ig
ital
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
wh
en
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
AI
,
en
h
an
ce
y
o
u
n
g
c
h
ild
r
en
’
s
s
cien
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
k
ills
,
illu
s
tr
ati
n
g
h
o
w
AI
-
m
e
d
iated
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ies
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tally
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lear
n
in
g
.
W
h
en
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
R
o
ld
an
-
C
ar
d
o
n
a
et
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
an
d
J
aim
e
-
Var
g
a
s
[
1
3
]
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
co
llectiv
ely
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
t
o
ex
am
in
e
h
o
w
Gen
AI
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
in
clu
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
is
r
ev
ea
ls
a
clea
r
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
Gen
AI
h
o
ld
s
p
r
o
m
is
e,
te
ac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
tu
d
ies
r
ar
el
y
ex
p
lo
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
es
o
r
e
q
u
i
t
y
-
o
r
i
en
t
e
d
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
ti
o
n
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
a
cr
itical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
in
q
u
ir
y
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
f
ield
also
ex
h
ib
its
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
b
iases
[
5
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
esu
m
e
th
at
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
willin
g
an
d
ab
le
t
o
i
n
teg
r
ate
Gen
AI
,
o
v
er
lo
o
k
in
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
s
u
ch
as
tech
n
o
s
tr
ess
,
jo
b
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
f
te
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
b
en
ef
its
wh
ile
g
iv
i
n
g
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
to
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
o
wn
s
id
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
eth
ica
l
d
ilem
m
as,
in
tellectu
al
p
r
o
p
er
ty
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
teac
h
er
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
.
So
m
e
wo
r
k
e
x
tr
ap
o
lates
f
r
o
m
ea
r
ly
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
AI
m
o
d
els
with
o
u
t
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
in
g
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
r
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
ab
o
u
t
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
,
as
ex
is
tin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
lar
g
ely
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
W
ester
n
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ically
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tex
ts
an
d
m
ay
n
o
t
ap
p
l
y
to
u
n
d
er
-
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
o
p
t
a
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
an
d
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
r
e
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
o
f
Gen
AI
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
an
d
et
h
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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es E
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c
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Vo
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15
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No
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2
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Ap
r
il
20
2
6
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-
9
7
5
972
3.
4
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
o
f
t
his
s
t
ud
y
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
clu
d
e:
i
)
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
was
lim
ited
to
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
u
p
to
J
u
ly
2
0
2
5
,
p
o
te
n
tially
o
m
itti
n
g
r
e
ce
n
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
;
ii
)
t
h
e
e
x
clu
s
io
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
m
ay
h
av
e
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
ac
tic
es
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
An
g
lo
p
h
o
n
e
co
n
tex
ts
;
an
d
iii
)
n
o
f
o
r
m
al
q
u
ali
ty
ass
ess
m
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
e
v
alu
ate
p
o
ten
ti
al
b
ias
in
th
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies.
T
o
s
y
n
t
h
esize
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
etwe
en
Gen
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
eir
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
ex
is
tin
g
c
h
alle
n
g
es,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
p
at
h
way
s
,
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
in
teg
r
ate
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
h
elp
s
clar
if
y
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
Gen
AI
r
esear
ch
i
n
ter
ac
t a
n
d
wh
er
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
two
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
ed
is
s
u
es
in
cu
r
r
en
t
Gen
AI
r
esear
ch
.
First,
th
e
f
ield
is
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
q
u
alitativ
e
d
es
cr
ip
tiv
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
lack
la
r
g
e
-
s
ca
le
o
r
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
v
ali
d
atio
n
,
lim
itin
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
im
b
alan
ce
,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
m
an
y
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
ir
ec
tly
an
s
wer
s
R
Q3
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
em
p
ir
ical
v
alid
atio
n
,
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
Gen
AI
d
esig
n
in
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
G
e
n
AI
in
t
ea
ch
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
es
Gen
A
I
’
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
al
y
zin
g
its
b
en
e
f
its
,
c
h
allen
g
es,
an
d
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
,
wh
ile
id
e
n
tify
in
g
t
h
r
ee
c
r
itical
ten
s
io
n
s
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
r
ac
t
ice.
First,
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ca
p
ab
i
liti
es
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
W
h
ile
Gen
AI
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
task
s
s
u
ch
as
less
o
n
p
lan
n
in
g
,
m
an
y
teac
h
er
s
s
ti
ll lac
k
th
e
s
k
ill
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
AI
-
g
en
e
r
ated
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
is
g
a
p
s
u
g
g
ests
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
clea
r
er
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
tar
g
eted
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
th
at
p
r
io
r
itizes
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
alu
e
o
v
er
tech
n
i
ca
l
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Seco
n
d
,
t
h
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
r
esear
c
h
ec
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
g
lo
b
al
d
iv
er
s
it
y
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
r
em
ain
s
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
,
with
s
tu
d
ies
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ately
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
in
C
h
in
a
a
n
d
th
e
Un
ited
States
.
T
h
is
lim
it
s
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
Gen
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
leav
es
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
teac
h
er
s
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
r
ep
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
s
tag
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
d
em
an
d
s
.
E
x
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
,
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
s
tu
d
ies
d
o
m
in
ate,
o
f
f
er
in
g
litt
le
ac
tio
n
ab
le
g
u
id
an
ce
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
d
escr
ib
in
g
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
r
ac
tical,
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
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