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K
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s
:
C
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ir
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ato
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ac
to
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a
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is
Hig
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citizen
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Un
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ib
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I
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N
T
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ased
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ev
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ield
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to
Or
g
a
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r
k
[
1
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,
w
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d
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as
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n
tar
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a
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p
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s
th
at
ex
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b
asic
jo
b
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
[
2
]
.
He
later
r
e
d
ef
in
e
d
it
as
th
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b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
th
at
s
h
ap
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th
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o
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an
d
p
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ch
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lo
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ical
c
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tex
t
in
wh
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o
r
g
an
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s
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ain
ac
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ar
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ca
r
r
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o
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in
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h
e
wo
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k
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la
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[
3
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Nev
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a
l
.
[
4
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e
x
p
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th
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n
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d
e
f
in
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av
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s
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f
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t
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f
f
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m
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b
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[
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a
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[
6
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Giv
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u
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m
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Ar
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2
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2
5
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r
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al
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b
j
ec
tiv
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[
7
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,
it
is
h
ig
h
ly
r
elev
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t
in
v
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io
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s
o
r
g
an
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n
al
a
n
d
wo
r
k
co
n
tex
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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15
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Ap
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20
26
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1176
Un
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s
ities
,
as
co
m
p
lex
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r
g
an
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s
,
a
r
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[
9
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I
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t
h
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,
an
d
b
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
f
f
er
in
g
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
c
h
an
g
es,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
,
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
v
is
io
n
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
teac
h
e
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
p
o
s
itiv
ely
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
elate
d
to
OC
B
[
1
2
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
is
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
ith
s
tr
o
n
g
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
with
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
tu
r
n
o
v
er
in
ten
tio
n
s
,
an
d
wo
r
k
co
m
m
itm
e
n
t
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Sh
ie
an
d
C
h
an
g
[
1
4
]
,
OC
B
is
a
ls
o
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
d
to
teac
h
er
s
’
well
-
b
ein
g
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
s
,
teac
h
er
s
’
OC
B
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
f
ac
to
r
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
,
s
o
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
p
r
i
o
r
ity
f
o
r
th
eir
lead
er
s
if
th
ey
wan
t
to
s
u
r
v
iv
e
a
n
d
th
r
iv
e
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
g
l
o
b
aliza
tio
n
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
in
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
r
esear
ch
o
n
OC
B
h
a
s
m
ad
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
d
y
n
am
ics,
ch
allen
g
es
r
em
ain
in
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
an
d
a
p
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
d
u
e
t
o
a
lack
o
f
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
n
th
e
n
atu
r
e
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
O
C
B
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
[
4
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
r
ec
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
s
h
o
w
th
at,
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
th
e
s
er
v
i
ce
s
ec
to
r
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
cc
u
p
ies
th
e
lead
in
g
p
o
s
itio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
at
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lev
els;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
th
ey
f
in
d
v
er
y
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
OC
B
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lev
e
l
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
is
a
n
ec
ess
ity
,
g
iv
en
th
at
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
u
n
iq
u
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
.
An
o
th
er
r
ele
v
an
t
f
in
d
in
g
is
t
h
e
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
ese
ar
ch
o
n
OC
B
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
u
n
tr
ies
—
m
ain
ly
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
C
h
in
a,
an
d
I
s
r
ae
l
—
with
No
r
th
Am
er
ica,
Asi
a,
an
d
th
e
Mid
d
le
E
ast
lead
in
g
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
th
is
f
ield
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
Af
r
ica
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ica
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
less
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
o
f
th
ese
g
ap
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
n
ee
d
in
th
e
L
atin
Am
er
ican
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t,
wh
er
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
OC
B
co
u
ld
m
a
n
if
est
th
em
s
elv
es
g
iv
en
s
p
ec
if
ic
cu
ltu
r
al,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
an
d
l
ab
o
r
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
OC
B
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
is
lim
i
ted
an
d
,
in
C
o
lo
m
b
ia
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
n
o
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
to
ass
ess
th
i
s
b
eh
av
io
r
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ca
le
f
o
r
co
wo
r
k
er
s
(
E
C
C
OC
T
)
in
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
C
o
lo
m
b
ia
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
er
s
.
T
o
th
is
e
n
d
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e:
i)
to
co
n
tr
ast
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
f
i
v
e
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
altr
u
is
m
,
co
n
s
cien
tio
u
s
n
ess
,
civ
ic
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
s
p
o
r
ts
m
an
s
h
ip
,
an
d
co
u
r
tesy
)
with
b
if
ac
to
r
ial
m
o
d
els
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e;
ii)
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
t/d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
v
er
s
io
n
;
an
d
iii)
to
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
r
esear
ch
in
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
in
n
atu
r
e
an
d
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
a
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
th
e
city
o
f
Ma
n
izale
s
,
C
o
lo
m
b
ia.
T
h
e
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
was
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
s
tatis
tical
p
o
wer
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
: te
ac
h
er
s
with
less
th
an
o
n
e
y
ea
r
o
f
af
f
iliatio
n
with
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
teac
h
er
s
with
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tr
ac
ts
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
with
p
ar
t
-
tim
e
co
n
tr
ac
ts
.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
d
ef
in
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
a
d
s
u
f
f
icien
t
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
a
s
tab
le
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
th
u
s
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
d
eq
u
ate
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
u
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ics
to
m
a
n
if
est
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
OC
B
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
i
s
ted
o
f
1
1
3
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ac
u
lties
—
h
u
m
an
ities
,
h
ea
lth
s
cien
ce
s
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
o
n
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
—
wh
o
co
r
r
ec
tly
co
m
p
le
ted
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
g
u
i
d
elin
es
f
o
r
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
in
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
a
t
1
0
0
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
a
r
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
(
E
FA
)
to
o
b
tain
r
eliab
le
r
esu
lt
s
[
19
]
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
m
ee
ts
th
is
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
5
5
.
3
%
wo
m
e
n
an
d
4
4
.
7
%
m
en
.
T
h
e
ag
e
r
an
g
e
was
2
6
t
o
6
4
y
ea
r
s
,
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
4
3
y
ea
r
s
(
SD=1
0
.
3
)
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el
,
5
4
%
h
ad
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
tr
ain
in
g
(
m
aster
'
s
o
r
d
o
cto
r
ate)
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
est
h
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
itiz
en
s
h
ip
s
ca
l
e
in
C
o
lo
mb
ia
n
…
(
Ma
b
el
I
b
a
r
r
a
Lu
n
a
)
1177
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
s
er
v
ice
at
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
to
3
0
y
ea
r
s
,
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
9
.
7
y
ea
r
s
(
SD=6
.
8
)
.
T
o
tal
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
was
a
m
ea
n
o
f
1
6
.
4
y
ea
r
s
(
SD=9
.
2
)
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
co
n
tr
ac
t ty
p
e,
6
0
% h
a
d
p
er
m
a
n
en
t c
o
n
tr
ac
ts
an
d
4
0
% h
ad
f
i
x
ed
-
ter
m
c
o
n
tr
ac
ts
.
2
.
2
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
E
C
C
OC
T
,
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
n
d
v
alid
ated
b
y
R
o
d
r
í
g
u
ez
-
Mo
n
t
alb
án
et
a
l
.
[
20
]
,
was
u
s
ed
i
n
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
9
3
4
Pu
e
r
to
R
ican
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
T
h
e
OC
B
is
a
1
5
-
item
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
ass
ess
e
s
f
iv
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
p
r
o
s
o
cial
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
at
wo
r
k
,
b
ased
o
n
Or
g
an
[
21
]
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
:
altr
u
is
m
,
s
p
o
r
ts
m
an
s
h
ip
,
ci
v
ic
v
ir
tu
e,
co
n
s
cien
tio
u
s
n
ess
,
an
d
co
u
r
tesy
.
E
ac
h
d
im
en
s
io
n
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
th
r
ee
item
s
th
at
ar
e
an
s
wer
ed
o
n
a
6
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=stro
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
to
6
=stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
ad
eq
u
ate
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
with
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
b
etwe
en
.
7
3
an
d
.
7
9
,
an
d
g
o
o
d
f
it
i
n
d
ice
s
in
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
(
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
ex
(
C
FI
)
=.
9
4
,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A
)
=.
0
7
)
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
1
5
-
item
v
er
s
io
n
was
u
s
ed
,
ad
ap
tin
g
o
n
ly
th
e
co
n
tex
t
u
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
“e
m
p
lo
y
e
es”
to
“tea
ch
er
s
.
”
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
Data
co
llectio
n
was c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t b
etwe
en
J
u
n
e
an
d
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
3
,
u
s
in
g
an
o
n
lin
e
f
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
v
i
a
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
em
ail.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t,
wh
ic
h
o
u
tlin
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
e
an
d
th
e
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
an
d
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tial
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
d
ata
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
n
ly
,
as
well
as
e
m
p
h
asizin
g
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
with
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
at
an
y
tim
e
an
d
f
o
r
an
y
r
ea
s
o
n
.
I
t
also
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
s
o
cio
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
an
d
wo
r
k
-
r
elate
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
u
ch
as
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el,
len
g
th
o
f
s
er
v
ice
in
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
co
n
tr
ac
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
in
a
d
v
an
ce
b
y
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
'
s
eth
ics co
m
m
ittee.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
First,
u
s
in
g
J
ASP
s
o
f
twa
r
e
(
latest
v
er
s
io
n
av
ailab
le)
,
E
FA
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
ax
is
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
with
Ob
lim
in
r
o
tatio
n
.
Par
allel
an
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
Nex
t,
C
FA
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
R
s
o
f
twar
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
5
.
2
)
with
t
h
e
lav
a
a
n
p
ac
k
ag
e
[
22
]
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t m
ax
im
u
m
lik
elih
o
o
d
(
M
L
R
)
esti
m
ato
r
o
n
th
e
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
.
T
o
ass
ess
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
it
in
d
ices
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
:
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
(
χ²)
,
C
FI,
T
u
ck
er
-
L
ewis
in
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
,
R
MSE
A,
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
r
esid
u
al
(
SR
MR
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
o
m
eg
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
ω
)
.
No
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
u
s
in
g
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
r
esp
ec
tin
g
th
e
t
h
e
o
r
etica
l stru
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
allel
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
eq
u
en
tial
u
s
e
o
f
E
FA
a
n
d
C
FA
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
s
am
p
le
,
wh
ile
n
o
t
i
d
ea
l,
was
n
ec
ess
itated
b
y
p
r
ac
tical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
ta
r
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
er
s
with
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
an
d
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ten
u
r
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
-
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
co
n
tin
u
u
m
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
au
t
h
o
r
s
[2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
wh
en
s
am
p
le
d
iv
is
io
n
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
ca
p
italizatio
n
o
n
c
h
an
ce
:
i
)
we
u
s
ed
th
eo
r
etica
lly
d
r
i
v
e
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
r
ete
n
tio
n
(
p
ar
allel
a
n
aly
s
is
)
;
ii
)
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
C
FA
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
d
ices
;
an
d
iii
)
co
n
d
u
cte
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
v
alid
ity
a
n
aly
s
es
(
av
er
ag
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
,
h
eter
o
tr
ait
–
m
o
n
o
tr
ait
r
atio
(
HT
MT
)
)
to
c
o
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
we
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
is
as a
lim
itati
o
n
th
at
war
r
a
n
ts
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
in
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies with
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t sam
p
les.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
o
ry
f
a
ct
o
r
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
o
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
ali
d
ity
o
f
th
e
E
C
C
OC
T
s
ca
le,
an
E
FA
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
f
ac
to
r
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
with
Ob
lim
in
,
g
iv
e
n
th
at
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
f
ac
to
r
s
was
ass
u
m
ed
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
J
ASP
s
o
f
twar
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Kaiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
in
in
d
e
x
(
(
KM
O
)
=.
8
8
8
)
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
ad
eq
u
ac
y
was
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
,
a
n
d
B
ar
tlett'
s
s
p
h
er
icity
test
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
χ²(
3
6
)
=6
3
5
.
3
0
9
,
p
<
.
0
0
1
)
,
wh
ic
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
d
ata
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
a
m
u
l
tiv
ar
iate
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
d
wer
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
p
ar
allel
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
ei
g
en
v
alu
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
r
e
ten
tio
n
o
f
two
f
ac
to
r
s
,
wh
o
s
e
v
alu
es
wer
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
o
s
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
in
th
e
s
im
u
lated
d
ata:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
ac
to
r
o
b
tain
ed
an
eig
en
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
9
0
1
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
f
.
6
4
3
,
b
o
th
ab
o
v
e
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
(
.
8
3
4
a
n
d
.
3
3
1
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
ar
allel
an
aly
s
is
g
r
ap
h
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
r
eten
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
two
ex
t
r
ac
ted
f
ac
t
o
r
s
t
o
g
eth
er
e
x
p
lain
ed
6
4
.
2
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
v
a
r
ian
ce
(
Facto
r
1
=3
4
.
6
%,
Facto
r
2
=2
9
.
7
%).
B
ased
o
n
item
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
ali
g
n
m
en
t
with
W
illi
am
s
an
d
A
n
d
er
s
o
n
[
2
5
]
OC
B
tax
o
n
o
m
y
,
Facto
r
1
was
id
en
tifie
d
as
OC
B
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
(
OC
B
-
I
)
,
co
m
p
r
i
s
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
th
at
b
en
ef
it
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
item
s
O2
,
O3
,
O4
,
a
n
d
O5
)
.
Facto
r
2
was
id
en
tifie
d
as
OC
B
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
(
OC
B
-
O)
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
th
a
t
b
en
ef
it
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
as
a
w
h
o
le
(
item
s
O7
,
O8
,
O9
,
O1
2
,
an
d
O
1
4
)
.
Facto
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
4
6
6
to
0
.
8
8
4
,
wh
ich
is
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
1
1
7
5
-
1
1
8
4
1178
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
o
m
eg
a
f
o
r
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
was
.
9
0
(
OC
B
-
I
)
an
d
.
8
4
(
OC
B
-
O)
,
in
d
icatin
g
g
o
o
d
to
e
x
ce
llen
t r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Scr
ee
p
lo
t o
f
th
e
p
a
r
allel
an
aly
s
is
T
ab
le
1
.
R
o
tated
f
ac
t
o
r
lo
ad
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
E
C
C
OC
T
item
s
I
t
e
ms
F
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
s
I
t
e
m c
o
d
e
F
a
c
t
o
r
1
F
a
c
t
o
r
2
U
n
i
q
u
e
n
e
ss
I
w
i
l
l
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n
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y
g
i
v
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y
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i
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o
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e
l
p
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o
l
l
e
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g
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e
s
O3
.
8
8
4
.
3
1
0
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h
e
l
p
c
o
l
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e
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g
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e
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e
n
a
b
s
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n
t
O2
.
8
7
0
.
2
7
6
I
sh
a
r
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ma
t
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r
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l
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g
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e
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.
8
0
5
.
2
1
6
I
h
e
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p
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o
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l
e
a
g
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e
s
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t
h
t
h
e
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r
w
o
r
k
l
o
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d
O4
.
5
9
4
.
3
3
0
M
y
c
o
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
c
h
e
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k
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m
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o
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t
a
n
t
d
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t
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s
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t
m
y
w
o
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k
p
l
a
c
e
b
e
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o
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t
a
k
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n
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t
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me
o
f
f
O
1
4
.
8
1
4
.
4
5
6
M
y
c
o
w
o
r
k
e
r
s f
i
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sh
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1
2
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6
4
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4
3
4
M
y
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e
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6
3
3
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4
3
7
M
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n
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.
6
1
9
.
3
3
2
M
y
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o
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g
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e
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w
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k
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h
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i
r
b
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b
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c
a
u
s
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h
i
s
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g
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z
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t
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d
e
ser
v
e
s
i
t
O9
.
4
6
6
.
4
2
7
N
o
t
e
:
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
me
t
h
o
d
i
s
O
b
l
i
mi
n
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
I
t
em
elim
ina
t
io
n c
rit
er
ia
Six
item
s
(
O1
,
O6
,
O1
0
,
O1
1
,
O1
3
,
a
n
d
O1
5
)
wer
e
elim
i
n
ated
f
o
llo
win
g
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ev
alu
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
f
iv
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
an
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
cr
iter
ia:
i
)
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
b
elo
w
.
4
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
laten
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
[2
6
]
;
ii
)
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
.
4
0
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
p
o
o
r
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
[2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
;
iii
)
co
m
m
u
n
alities
b
elo
w
.
4
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
ite
m
s
h
ar
es
m
in
im
al
v
ar
ian
ce
with
o
th
er
item
s
[2
6
]
;
iv
)
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
,
wh
er
e
item
co
n
ten
t
was
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
s
im
ilar
to
r
etain
ed
item
s
[
28
]
;
a
n
d
v
)
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
m
o
d
el
f
it
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
cr
em
en
tal
C
FA
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
[
29
]
.
T
a
b
le
2
p
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
d
etailed
ju
s
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
elim
in
ated
item
.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
tem
elim
in
atio
n
ju
s
ti
f
icatio
n
I
t
e
m
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
F
a
c
t
o
r
1
F
a
c
t
o
r
2
C
o
mm
u
n
a
l
i
t
y
P
r
i
mary
r
e
a
s
o
n
f
o
r
e
l
i
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
O1
C
o
w
o
r
k
e
r
s wi
l
l
i
n
g
t
o
h
e
l
p
-
.
0
5
1
.
9
5
2
.
8
5
5
R
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
w
i
t
h
O
2
/
O
3
(
h
e
l
p
/
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
O6
Emp
l
o
y
e
e
s res
p
e
c
t
n
o
r
ms
.
4
8
4
.
1
6
7
.
3
5
4
C
r
o
ss
-
l
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a
d
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/
d
o
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o
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d
i
scr
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f
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c
t
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s
O
1
0
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o
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p
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t
m
a
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i
a
l
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.
6
4
7
.
1
4
1
.
5
4
2
Lo
w
l
o
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d
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n
g
/
v
e
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e
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i
f
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c
c
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t
O
1
1
W
o
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k
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.
7
3
7
-
.
1
5
5
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4
3
7
Lo
w
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c
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x
t
O
1
3
R
e
p
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r
t
a
b
se
n
c
e
s
i
n
a
d
v
a
n
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e
.
6
1
6
.
1
4
7
.
5
0
4
Lo
w
l
o
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d
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n
g
/
l
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ss re
l
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t
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O
1
5
I
n
f
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m a
b
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n
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e
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n
d
.
7
8
5
.
0
0
5
.
6
2
0
V
e
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y
s
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t
N
o
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e
.
F
a
c
t
o
r
l
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a
d
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g
s
d
e
r
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v
e
d
f
r
o
m
E
F
A
w
i
t
h
O
b
l
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mi
n
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
t
e
ms w
e
r
e
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l
i
mi
n
a
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
d
i
n
sec
t
i
o
n
3
.
1
.
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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v
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&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
itiz
en
s
h
ip
s
ca
l
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in
C
o
lo
mb
ia
n
…
(
Ma
b
el
I
b
a
r
r
a
Lu
n
a
)
1179
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
O1
was
r
em
o
v
e
d
d
u
e
to
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
with
O2
an
d
O3
(
all
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
h
elp
i
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
)
;
O6
ex
h
ib
ited
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
s
(
.
4
8
4
o
n
Facto
r
1
,
.
1
6
7
o
n
Facto
r
2
)
an
d
l
o
w
co
m
m
u
n
ality
(
.
3
5
4
)
;
O1
0
an
d
O1
1
s
h
o
wed
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
b
elo
w
th
e
.
4
0
th
r
esh
o
ld
an
d
wer
e
less
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tex
t;
an
d
O1
3
a
n
d
O1
5
wer
e
b
o
th
e
lim
in
ated
d
esp
ite
O1
5
s
h
o
win
g
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
(
lo
ad
in
g
=.
7
8
5
v
s
.
6
1
6
)
b
ec
au
s
e:
i)
b
o
th
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
ig
h
ly
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
te
n
t
(
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
ab
s
en
ce
s
)
th
at
is
less
r
elev
an
t
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
ettin
g
s
wh
er
e
f
ac
u
lty
h
av
e
g
r
ea
ter
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
;
ii)
n
eith
e
r
item
clea
r
l
y
alig
n
e
d
with
th
e
OC
B
-
I
o
r
OC
B
-
O
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
;
an
d
iii)
th
eir
r
em
o
v
al
r
esu
lted
in
a
m
o
r
e
p
ar
s
i
m
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s
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with
o
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t
lo
s
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f
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
b
r
e
ad
th
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
9
-
item
s
o
lu
tio
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
u
p
er
io
r
f
it
in
d
ices
ac
r
o
s
s
all
cr
iter
ia
(
s
ee
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
2
)
.
3
.
2
.
Co
nfir
m
a
t
o
ry
f
a
ct
o
r
a
n
a
ly
s
is
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
C
FA
was
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
f
it
o
f
th
e
two
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
i
d
en
tif
ied
in
th
e
E
FA.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
R
s
o
f
twar
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
5
.
2
)
with
th
e
lav
aa
n
p
ac
k
a
g
e,
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ML
R
esti
m
ato
r
,
wh
ich
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
les
with
n
o
n
-
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
n
C
FA,
a
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
(
p
>.
0
5
)
in
d
icate
s
ac
ce
p
tab
le
m
o
d
el
f
it,
as
it
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
-
im
p
lied
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
two
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wed
an
ex
ce
llen
t
f
it,
with
in
d
ices
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
alid
ity
:
χ²(
2
6
)
=
3
2
.
1
4
5
,
p
=.
1
8
8
;
C
FI=
.
9
7
7
;
T
L
I
=.
9
6
8
;
R
MSE
A=
.
0
4
6
[
9
0
%
C
I
:
.
0
0
0
–
.
0
7
9
]
;
a
n
d
SR
MR=.
0
5
6
,
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
ex
ce
e
d
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
r
a
n
g
es f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
an
ex
ce
llen
t f
it
[3
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
i
n
g
s
wer
e
all
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
.
4
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
a
t
th
e
item
s
h
av
e
ad
eq
u
ate
weig
h
t
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
to
wh
ich
th
e
y
b
elo
n
g
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
eo
r
etica
l
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
OC
B
-
I
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
d
ir
ec
t
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
to
war
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
(
item
s
O
2
,
O3
,
O4
,
a
n
d
O5
)
:
wh
ile
OC
B
-
O
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
r
el
ated
to
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ad
v
o
ca
cy
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
civ
ic
v
ir
t
u
e
(
ite
m
s
O7
,
O8
,
O9
,
O1
2
,
an
d
O1
4
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
d
iag
r
am
T
ab
le
3
.
Stan
d
a
r
d
ized
f
ac
t
o
r
l
o
ad
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
C
FA f
o
r
th
e
9
i
tem
s
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
mo
d
e
l
La
t
e
n
t
O
b
serv
e
d
Est
i
m
a
t
e
SE
9
5
%
C
I
β
z
p
Lo
w
e
r
U
p
p
e
r
O
C
B
-
I
O2
1
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
.
8
3
3
O3
1
.
1
0
2
.
1
1
9
5
.
8
6
8
1
.
3
4
.
7
8
6
9
.
2
2
<
.
0
0
1
O4
.
8
2
7
.
0
9
5
3
.
6
4
0
1
.
0
1
.
8
2
0
8
.
6
8
<
.
0
0
1
O5
.
9
4
9
.
0
9
3
5
.
7
6
6
1
.
1
3
.
9
0
2
1
0
.
1
6
<
.
0
0
1
O
C
B
-
O
O7
1
.
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
.
7
3
8
O8
1
.
3
5
5
.
1
5
2
5
1
.
0
5
6
1
.
6
5
.
8
3
1
8
.
8
9
<
.
0
0
1
O9
1
.
1
8
3
.
1
3
0
0
.
9
2
8
1
.
4
4
.
7
6
9
9
.
1
0
<
.
0
0
1
O
1
2
1
.
3
0
5
.
1
7
2
1
.
9
6
8
1
.
6
4
.
7
1
3
7
.
5
8
<
.
0
0
1
O
1
4
1
.
3
3
9
.
1
8
4
2
.
9
7
8
1
.
7
0
.
6
5
6
7
.
2
7
<
.
0
0
1
N
o
t
e
.
S
E
=
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
e
r
r
o
r
;
C
I
=
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
;
β
=
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
,
z
=
z
-
st
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
;
p
=
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
.
O
C
B
-
I
=
(
b
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n
e
f
i
t
s s
p
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f
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c
o
w
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r
k
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t
s)
O
C
B
-
O
=
(
b
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f
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t
s
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i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
s
a
w
h
o
l
e
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
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,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
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2
,
Ap
r
il
20
26
:
1
1
7
5
-
1
1
8
4
1180
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
f
ac
to
r
s
was
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
(
r
=.
7
9
5
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
OC
B
-
I
a
n
d
OC
B
-
O
is
th
eo
r
etica
lly
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
izatio
n
o
f
OC
B
as
r
elate
d
b
u
t
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ab
le
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
alig
n
s
with
W
illi
am
s
an
d
An
d
e
r
s
o
n
[
25
]
o
r
ig
i
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
er
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
r
e
p
r
es
en
t
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
f
ac
ets
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
d
esp
ite
th
is
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ad
eq
u
ate
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
(
HT
MT
=.
7
7
2
<.
8
5
)
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
d
is
tin
ctiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
g
ent
a
nd
dis
cr
i
m
ina
nt
v
a
lid
it
y
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
was
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
AVE
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
ce
e
d
.
5
0
to
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ex
p
lain
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
h
alf
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
o
f
its
in
d
icato
r
s
[3
1
]
.
B
o
th
f
ac
to
r
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
d
eq
u
ate
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
:
OC
B
-
I
(
AVE
=.
6
9
9
)
a
n
d
OC
B
-
O
(
AVE
=.
5
5
3
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
item
s
with
in
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
s
h
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
m
m
o
n
v
ar
ian
ce
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
HT
MT
,
a
c
r
iter
io
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[3
2
]
.
Valu
es
b
elo
w
.
8
5
in
d
icate
th
at
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
d
is
tin
ct.
T
h
e
HT
MT
b
etwe
en
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O
was
.
7
7
2
,
well
b
elo
w
th
e
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
two
f
ac
to
r
s
,
wh
ile
co
r
r
elate
d
,
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ab
le
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
OC
B
.
T
ab
le
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
v
alid
ity
in
d
ices.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t v
alid
ity
M
e
t
r
i
c
V
a
l
u
e
C
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
n
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
V
E
O
C
B
-
I
.
6
9
9
≥
.
5
0
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
A
V
E
O
C
B
-
O
.
5
5
3
≥
.
5
0
G
o
o
d
H
TM
T
(
O
C
B
-
I
v
s O
C
B
-
O)
.
7
7
2
<
.
8
5
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
E
C
C
OC
T
in
C
o
lo
m
b
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
er
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
OC
B
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
two
m
ain
d
o
m
ain
s
:
OC
B
-
O
w
ith
f
iv
e
item
s
an
d
OC
B
-
I
with
f
o
u
r
item
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elev
an
t
in
th
e
ac
a
d
em
ic
f
ield
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
c
o
r
r
o
b
o
r
at
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
b
y
W
illi
am
s
an
d
An
d
er
s
o
n
[2
5
]
,
wh
o
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
class
ic
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
d
ir
ec
ted
at
p
e
o
p
le
(
OC
B
-
I
)
an
d
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
(
OC
B
-
O)
,
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
as
also
b
ee
n
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
4
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
ese
au
th
o
r
s
wer
e
ab
le
to
em
p
ir
ically
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
is
two
-
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
eo
r
etica
lly
v
alid
b
u
t
also
p
r
esen
ts
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
co
r
r
el
atio
n
s
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
d
is
cr
im
in
a
n
t
an
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
,
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
C
FA
,
wh
ich
r
ev
ea
led
d
if
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er
en
tiated
eig
e
n
v
alu
es
an
d
d
is
tin
ct
ex
p
lain
e
d
v
ar
ian
ce
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
th
e
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
b
etwe
en
OC
B
-
I
,
O
C
B
-
O,
an
d
in
tr
a
-
r
o
le
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
(
I
R
B
)
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
,
th
is
p
atter
n
is
r
ep
licated
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
th
e
C
o
lo
m
b
ian
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tex
t,
wh
er
e
OC
B
-
I
s
h
o
ws
b
eh
av
io
r
s
to
war
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
s
h
ar
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
r
h
elp
in
g
co
lleag
u
es
with
wo
r
k
lo
ad
s
,
wh
ile
OC
B
-
O
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
b
eh
av
io
r
s
th
a
t
b
en
ef
it th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
g
en
e
r
al,
s
u
ch
as p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
im
ag
e
o
r
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
in
co
m
m
ittees.
T
h
is
two
-
f
ac
to
r
v
alid
atio
n
f
in
d
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
u
s
ed
s
ca
les
w
id
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Su
ch
as
th
at
o
f
L
ee
an
d
Allen
[3
4
]
,
wh
o
v
alid
ated
a
1
6
-
item
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
also
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is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
b
etwe
en
O
C
B
-
I
an
d
O
C
B
-
O,
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
lo
a
d
s
f
o
r
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
to
war
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
an
d
to
war
d
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
ese
a
u
th
o
r
s
id
en
tifie
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
s
b
y
ty
p
e
o
f
OC
B
,
f
in
d
in
g
a
cr
u
cial
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
p
atter
n
:
wo
r
k
af
f
ec
t
was
m
o
r
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ass
o
ciate
d
th
an
wo
r
k
co
g
n
itio
n
s
with
OC
B
-
I
,
wh
i
le
wo
r
k
co
g
n
itio
n
s
wer
e
m
o
r
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
th
an
wo
r
k
af
f
ec
t
with
OC
B
-
O
[3
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
iatio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
b
tain
ed
with
th
e
E
C
C
O
C
T
,
wh
er
e
OC
B
-
I
co
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
p
o
s
itiv
e
af
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tates
to
war
d
co
lleag
u
es
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ile
O
C
B
-
O
wo
u
ld
r
esp
o
n
d
m
o
r
e
to
co
g
n
itiv
e
ev
alu
ati
o
n
s
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
an
d
wo
r
k
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
r
e
m
ay
b
e
o
th
e
r
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
th
at
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
th
e
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
wh
ich
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
m
ask
ed
if
o
n
ly
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
s
ca
le
is
u
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
th
is
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O
p
r
o
v
id
es g
r
ea
ter
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
clar
ity
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
[3
3
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
C
o
lem
an
an
d
B
o
r
m
an
[3
5
]
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
n
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
el
o
f
citizen
s
h
ip
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
at
id
en
tifie
d
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
c
ateg
o
r
ies
th
at
v
a
r
y
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
b
en
ef
iciar
y
:
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
b
en
e
f
its
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
)
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
b
en
ef
its
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
)
,
an
d
j
o
b
/tas
k
co
n
s
cien
tio
u
s
n
ess
(
b
en
ef
its
th
e
jo
b
/tas
k
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ied
E
C
C
O
C
T
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
th
is
th
ir
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
e
p
licate
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
lo
g
ic
in
its
two
b
en
ef
iciar
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
wh
e
r
e
“OCB
-
I
”
b
en
ef
its
s
p
ec
if
ic
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
(
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
co
lleag
u
es)
an
d
“OCB
-
O”
b
en
ef
its
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
g
en
er
al.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
ese
au
th
o
r
s
,
th
er
e
is
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
n
o
s
in
g
le
o
p
tim
al
way
to
d
ef
in
e
OC
B
,
an
d
th
e
s
im
ilar
ities
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
o
d
els
ar
e
m
o
r
e
n
o
tab
le
th
an
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
[3
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
metric v
a
lid
a
tio
n
o
f a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
itiz
en
s
h
ip
s
ca
l
e
in
C
o
lo
mb
ia
n
…
(
Ma
b
el
I
b
a
r
r
a
Lu
n
a
)
1181
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
a
r
ec
en
t
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
an
OC
B
s
ca
le
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Nev
es
et
a
l.
[
4
]
i
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
wh
ich
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
a
u
n
id
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
g
en
er
al
wo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
s
o
f
citizen
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
s
g
iv
en
its
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
m
is
s
io
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
m
eta
-
a
n
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Po
d
s
ak
o
f
f
et
a
l.
[3
6
]
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
o
b
u
s
t
em
p
ir
ical
ev
i
d
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
co
r
r
elate
d
,
t
h
ey
s
till
s
h
ar
e
less
th
an
5
7
%
o
f
th
eir
v
a
r
ian
ce
.
T
h
is
ev
i
d
en
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
ali
d
ity
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
y
a
r
e
r
elate
d
,
th
ey
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
is
tin
ct
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
OC
B
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
b
tain
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
with
th
e
E
C
C
OC
T
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
with
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O
co
n
s
titu
te
th
e
p
illar
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
citizen
s
h
ip
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
ac
u
lty
a
n
d
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
ass
ess
in
g
th
ese
b
eh
av
io
r
s
with
a
b
r
ief
,
v
ali
d
,
an
d
r
eliab
le
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
a
r
e
s
ev
er
al
estab
lis
h
ed
s
ca
les
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
OC
B
,
OC
B
-
I
,
o
r
OC
B
-
O,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
test
an
d
ad
a
p
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
th
at
ar
e
tailo
r
ed
to
ea
ch
p
ar
ticu
lar
co
n
tex
t
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
9
-
item
s
ca
le
p
r
esen
ted
h
er
e:
OC
B
-
O
wi
th
5
item
s
,
an
d
O
C
B
-
I
with
4
item
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
g
o
o
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
an
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
i
n
ter
ested
i
n
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
OC
B
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
co
m
p
lex
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le,
s
u
ch
as
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
tu
d
ies
o
r
th
o
s
e
t
h
at
u
s
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
t
also
m
in
im
izes
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t a
ttritio
n
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
co
s
t
o
v
er
r
u
n
s
[3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
two
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
E
C
C
OC
T
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
an
ea
r
l
y
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
co
h
esio
n
a
n
d
jo
b
well
-
b
ein
g
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
a
b
o
u
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
clim
ate
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
r
eten
tio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
Her
m
an
to
an
d
Srim
u
ly
an
i
[
39
]
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
s
h
o
wn
t
h
at
OC
B
-
I
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
e
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
in
c
r
ea
s
e
co
wo
r
k
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
h
elp
s
av
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
o
o
d
,
m
o
r
ale,
a
n
d
c
o
h
esio
n
,
as
well
as
f
o
s
ter
g
o
o
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
co
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
th
u
s
m
in
im
ize
g
r
o
u
p
c
o
n
f
licts
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
OC
B
-
O
en
co
u
r
a
g
es
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
an
d
r
e
liab
le
b
eh
av
io
r
b
y
co
m
p
letin
g
wo
r
k
o
n
tim
e,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
t
ak
e
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
n
s
ity
f
o
r
wo
r
k
er
s
to
a
p
p
ly
all
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
ta
len
ts
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
s
to
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices
[
39
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
h
av
in
g
a
to
o
l
t
h
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es
OC
B
-
I
an
d
OC
B
-
O
in
th
e
L
atin
Am
e
r
ican
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
co
n
tex
t
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
s
in
ce
its
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
civ
ic
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
th
at
f
a
v
o
r
t
h
e
q
u
ality
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d
ef
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tiv
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ed
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as th
e
y
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r
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elate
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with
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n
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th
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m
m
itm
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t
to
th
ei
r
wo
r
k
[
1
3
]
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
at
th
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b
ec
o
m
es
a
p
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ity
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o
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n
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ic
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n
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p
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[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
h
ig
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lig
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o
te
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tial
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well
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b
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g
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
[
6
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
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T
,
wh
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ity
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its
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ated
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n
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t w
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th
e
tr
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B
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I
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O
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ctio
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4
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2
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o
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th
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r
ian
ce
an
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ce
llen
t
f
it
in
d
ices
(
C
FI=
.
9
7
7
,
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MSE
A=
.
0
4
6
)
,
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ig
h
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ter
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(
ω
=.
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n
d
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8
4
)
,
an
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ad
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u
ate
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AVE
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0
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an
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
(
HT
MT
=.
7
7
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8
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.
T
h
e
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in
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r
ief
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tr
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t
t
h
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im
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e
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u
r
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en
o
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p
ar
ticip
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ts
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t
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ig
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a
n
d
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r
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ciate
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r
o
m
f
iv
e
to
two
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im
en
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o
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s
.
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h
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ep
licatio
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o
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th
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f
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tio
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atin
Am
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e
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en
e
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th
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s
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E
C
C
O
C
T
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w
s
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th
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i
o
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s
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t
s
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m
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g
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d
th
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n
t.
Ho
wev
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e
s
tu
d
y
h
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h
er
en
t
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o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
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al
d
esig
n
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d
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
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u
s
e
o
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th
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e
s
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n
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tifie
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s
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a
y
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italized
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n
s
am
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le
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s
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ic
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ian
ce
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Alth
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lo
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d
r
i
g
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s
p
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u
r
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im
ize
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k
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th
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r
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o
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t
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m
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icatio
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with
in
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ep
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en
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r
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ted
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C
o
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g
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ested
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at
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u
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r
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r
esear
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ial
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C
C
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lar
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er
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d
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s
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p
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n
f
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m
th
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tab
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f
th
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m
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en
t
m
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el;
ex
am
in
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th
e
n
o
m
o
lo
g
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v
alid
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o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t;
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
l
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
esig
n
s
th
at
allo
w
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
OC
B
o
n
o
b
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d
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s
o
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m
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ce
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s
tu
d
en
t satis
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tio
n
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
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ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
I
L
I
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T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
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t
th
e
f
in
d
in
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s
o
f
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is
s
tu
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av
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l
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f
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th
e
co
r
r
esp
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d
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au
th
o
r
,
[
MI
L
]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
R
.
B
o
g
l
e
r
a
n
d
A
.
S
o
m
e
c
h
,
“
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
(
O
C
B
)
a
b
o
v
e
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
:
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s’
O
C
B
d
u
r
i
n
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
,
”
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
0
,
p
.
1
0
4
1
8
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
t
a
t
e
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
4
1
8
3
.
[
2
]
C
.
A
.
S
mi
t
h
,
D
.
W
.
O
r
g
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
P
.
N
e
a
r
,
“
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
:
i
t
s
n
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
c
e
d
e
n
t
s.
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
5
3
–
6
6
3
,
N
o
v
.
1
9
8
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
7
/
0
0
2
1
-
9
0
1
0
.
6
8
.
4
.
6
5
3
.
[
3
]
D
.
W
.
O
r
g
a
n
a
n
d
K
.
R
y
a
n
,
“
A
me
t
a
‐
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
a
t
t
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t
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n
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l
a
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d
d
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s
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t
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o
n
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l
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e
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i
c
t
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f
o
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n
i
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t
i
o
n
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l
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
sh
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
”
P
e
rso
n
n
e
l
Ps
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
8
,
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o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
7
5
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0
2
,
D
e
c
.
1
9
9
5
,
d
o
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:
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0
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1
1
1
1
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1
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4
4
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6
5
7
0
.
1
9
9
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.
t
b
0
1
7
8
1
.
x
.
[
4
]
P
.
C
.
N
e
v
e
s
,
A
.
P
a
l
ma
-
M
o
r
e
i
r
a
,
C
.
A
n
d
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d
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
u
-
Y
o
n
g
-
O
l
i
v
e
i
r
a
,
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O
r
g
a
n
i
z
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t
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o
n
a
l
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
:
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d
a
p
t
a
t
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o
n
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n
d
v
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l
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2
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0
0
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3
2
.
[
1
6
]
M
.
A
.
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o
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k
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a
n
d
K
.
L.
D
e
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,
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[
1
7
]
E.
M
a
r
t
i
n
e
sc
u
,
W
.
Ja
n
se
n
,
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n
d
B
.
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e
e
r
sma,
“
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e
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ro
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6
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7
6
.
[
1
8
]
C
.
J
.
C
.
d
e
G
e
u
s,
A
.
I
n
g
r
a
ms
,
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.
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mm
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r
s,
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
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r
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:
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sy
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mat
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u
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m
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1
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u
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.
1
3
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4
1
.
[
19
]
E.
J.
W
o
l
f
,
K
.
M
.
H
a
r
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i
n
g
t
o
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,
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.
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n
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.
W
.
M
i
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r
,
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a
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s:
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o
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d
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1
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1
6
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4
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4
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3
7
.
[
20
]
R
.
R
o
d
r
í
g
u
e
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-
M
o
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t
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l
b
á
n
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I
.
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,
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d
M
.
M
a
r
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z
-
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o
,
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P
sy
c
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m
e
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r
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c
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e
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C
C
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T)
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P
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o
,
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(
i
n
S
p
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n
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s
h
)
,
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O
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.
A
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[
21
]
D
.
W
.
O
r
g
a
n
,
O
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g
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n
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za
t
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A
:
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.
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t
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d
C
o
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p
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n
y
,
1
9
8
8
.
[
22
]
Y
.
R
o
s
see
l
,
“
La
v
a
a
n
:
a
n
R
p
a
c
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o
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rn
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re
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6
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7
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v
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.
i
0
2
.
[
23
]
R
.
L
.
W
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t
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n
g
t
o
n
a
n
d
T.
A
.
W
h
i
t
t
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k
e
r
,
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S
c
a
l
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
:
a
c
o
n
t
e
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t
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
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n
d
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e
c
o
mm
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t
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s fo
r
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e
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t
p
r
a
c
t
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,
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h
e
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o
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se
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y
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7
.
[
24
]
T.
A
.
S
c
h
mi
t
t
,
“
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
me
t
h
o
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c
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l
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s
i
s,”
J
o
u
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f
Psy
c
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t
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9
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4
2
8
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9
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4
0
6
6
5
3
.
[
25
]
L.
J.
W
i
l
l
i
a
m
s
a
n
d
S.
E.
A
n
d
e
r
so
n
,
“
Jo
b
s
a
t
i
sf
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t
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d
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n
-
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b
e
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a
v
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s,”
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o
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n
a
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M
a
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t
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l
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
6
0
1
–
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7
,
1
9
9
1
.
[
26
]
J.
F
.
H
a
i
r
Jr
.
,
W
.
C
.
B
l
a
c
k
,
B
.
J.
B
a
b
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n
,
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n
d
R
.
E.
A
n
d
e
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so
n
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M
u
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ri
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.
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n
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o
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r
:
C
e
n
g
a
g
e
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
27
]
B
.
G
.
Ta
b
a
c
h
n
i
c
k
a
n
d
L
.
S
.
F
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,
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s
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h
e
d
.
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o
s
t
o
n
,
M
A
:
P
e
a
r
so
n
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
28
]
L.
A
.
C
l
a
r
k
a
n
d
D
.
W
a
t
s
o
n
,
“
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
n
g
v
a
l
i
d
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t
y
:
b
a
si
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d
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me
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t
,
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y
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9
5
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0
4
0
-
3
5
9
0
.
7
.
3
.
3
0
9
.
[
29
]
R
.
B
.
K
l
i
n
e
,
Pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
a
n
d
p
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c
t
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ra
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,
4
t
h
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d
.
N
e
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Y
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k
:
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h
e
G
u
i
l
f
o
r
d
P
r
e
s
s,
2
0
1
6
.
[
30
]
L.
H
u
a
n
d
P
.
M
.
B
e
n
t
l
e
r
,
“
C
u
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f
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st
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s:
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t
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E
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:
A
Mu
l
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o
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–
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,
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.
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0
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0
7
0
5
5
1
9
9
0
9
5
4
0
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1
8
.
[
31
]
C
.
F
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e
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:
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lo
p
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@u
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d
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.
c
o
.
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