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Ag
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CC B
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C
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r
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s
p
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A
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r
:
Ho
n
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let
J
.
Nico
las
I
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s
titu
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o
f
Vete
r
in
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Me
d
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e
,
B
u
laca
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Ag
r
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r
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State
C
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lleg
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San
I
ld
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s
o
,
B
u
laca
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3
0
1
0
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
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E
m
ail: h
o
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ey
letn
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las@
b
asc.
ed
u
.
p
h
,
h
o
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ey
let.
v
l
v
@
g
m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
On
-
th
e
-
jo
b
tr
ain
i
n
g
(
OJT)
also
k
n
o
wn
as
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
HE
I
s
)
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
OJT
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
to
a
p
p
ly
th
eir
l
ea
r
n
ed
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
a
n
d
s
k
ills
in
a
ctu
al
wo
r
k
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
tr
an
s
late
th
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
in
t
o
a
g
ain
f
u
l
wo
r
k
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
[
1
]
.
N
u
m
er
o
u
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
co
m
p
eten
c
y
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
ca
n
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
OJT
wh
ile
tr
ain
ee
s
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
t
estab
lis
h
m
en
t.
E
f
f
icien
cy
,
m
o
r
ale
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
b
ec
o
m
e
h
i
g
h
in
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als wh
o
en
g
a
g
e
in
a
g
o
o
d
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
2
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
f
o
r
OJT
o
r
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
.
T
r
ain
in
g
is
lar
g
ely
d
ef
in
ed
i
n
clu
d
in
g
OJT
as
an
y
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
wh
ich
is
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
f
o
r
an
o
cc
u
p
a
tio
n
o
r
a
task
[
3
]
.
I
n
ter
n
s
h
ip
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N:
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I
n
flu
en
ce
o
f t
h
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ve
r
s
ea
s
o
n
-
t
h
e
-
jo
b
tr
a
in
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
emp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
(
E
ve
l
yn
Q.
A
lera
)
1265
is
g
en
er
ally
d
ef
in
e
d
as “
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
p
r
ac
tical
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
in
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
e
tr
ain
in
g
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ield
o
f
i
n
ter
est”
[
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es,
m
o
s
t
co
lleg
es
an
d
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
in
teg
r
ate
OJT
in
th
eir
ac
ad
e
m
ic
cu
r
r
icu
la
with
ce
r
tai
n
u
n
its
t
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
m
p
leted
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
ca
n
g
r
ad
u
ate.
W
h
ile
th
er
e
ex
is
t
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
es
o
n
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
o
n
-
th
e
-
jo
b
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
th
er
e
is
,
h
o
we
v
er
,
r
elativ
ely
litt
l
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
y
th
at
aim
s
to
id
en
tify
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
OJT
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
5
]
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Similar
ly
,
to
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
th
er
e
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
lo
ca
l
s
t
u
d
ies
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
OJT
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
in
ter
n
s
in
m
a
n
y
b
ac
ca
lau
r
ea
te
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
T
h
e
B
u
laca
n
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
State
C
o
lleg
e
(
B
AS
C
)
h
as
an
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Scien
ce
in
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
(
B
SA)
,
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
An
im
al
Scien
ce
(
B
AS)
,
an
d
B
ac
h
elo
r
o
f
Scien
ce
in
Ag
r
ib
u
s
in
ess
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
(
B
SAM)
in
wh
i
ch
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
g
iv
en
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
h
av
e
th
eir
tr
ain
in
g
in
I
s
r
ae
l
s
in
ce
2
0
0
9
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
C
HE
D
)
Stu
d
en
t
I
n
ter
n
s
h
i
p
Ab
r
o
ad
Pro
g
r
a
m
(
SIA
P)
b
y
v
ir
tu
e
o
f
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Me
m
o
r
an
d
u
m
Or
d
er
(
C
MO
)
n
o
.
2
3
s
er
ies
o
f
2
0
0
9
i
n
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
with
Ag
r
o
s
tu
d
ies,
an
in
ter
n
at
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
ce
n
ter
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
tr
ain
in
g
in
I
s
r
ae
l
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
I
s
r
ae
li
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
an
d
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Fo
r
eig
n
Af
f
air
s
.
Un
d
er
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
q
u
alif
ied
in
ter
n
s
ar
e
tak
en
t
o
I
s
r
ae
l
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
y
ea
r
an
d
u
n
d
er
g
o
r
esear
ch
-
b
ased
tr
ain
in
g
wh
ile
r
ec
eiv
in
g
f
r
ee
l
o
d
g
in
g
with
a
m
o
n
th
ly
allo
wan
ce
a
n
d
a
f
r
ee
lap
to
p
.
Desp
ite
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
HE
DSI
A
P,
B
AS
C
wa
s
ab
le
to
s
en
d
B
SA
an
d
B
SAM
in
ter
n
s
to
I
s
r
ae
l,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
g
ain
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
th
eir
ac
cr
e
d
ited
h
o
s
t tr
ain
in
g
estab
lis
h
m
en
t (
HT
E
)
.
As
an
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
,
t
h
is
h
as
b
ee
n
h
el
p
f
u
l
to
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
s
in
ce
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e
r
e
m
ain
s
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
ig
g
est
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
[
6
]
s
h
ar
in
g
2
3
%
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
[
7
]
.
W
ith
s
tu
d
e
n
t
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
d
o
n
e
o
v
er
s
ea
s
,
g
r
a
d
u
ates
ar
e
m
o
r
e
l
ik
ely
to
lear
n
ad
v
an
ce
d
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
an
d
ch
an
g
e
th
e
ir
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
th
eir
d
is
cip
lin
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
t
o
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
tr
a
in
in
g
s
th
at
d
i
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
wh
at
th
ey
u
s
ed
to
.
I
t
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
f
o
r
HE
I
s
to
co
n
s
tan
tly
r
ev
is
it
th
eir
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
OJT
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
in
te
r
n
s
h
ip
g
o
als
ar
e
m
et.
Als
o
,
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
ev
alu
atio
n
en
r
ich
es
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
HE
I
s
to
a
d
ap
t
to
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et,
r
ea
s
s
u
r
e
m
u
t
u
ally
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
-
ac
a
d
em
e
g
l
o
b
al
lin
k
ag
e,
f
o
r
tif
y
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
an
ce
,
an
d
last
ly
,
im
b
ib
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
am
o
n
g
o
n
-
th
e
-
jo
b
tr
ain
ee
s
.
I
t
is
o
n
th
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
p
r
em
is
es
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
p
u
r
s
u
ed
with
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
B
SA
an
d
B
SAM
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
9
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
im
p
ac
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
im
p
ac
ts
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
esen
t
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
s
u
g
g
est
p
atter
n
s
o
n
ca
r
ee
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
is
s
u
es,
p
lan
s
an
d
o
t
h
er
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
-
b
ased
d
ata.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
u
tili
ze
d
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitat
iv
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
e
d
th
e
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iew
am
o
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
th
ei
r
p
r
esen
t
em
p
lo
y
er
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
o
n
th
e
o
v
e
r
s
ea
s
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
its
r
elev
an
c
e
o
n
th
ei
r
cu
r
r
en
t
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
A
r
esear
ch
er
-
m
ad
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
th
e
B
AS
C
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
Of
f
ice
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
th
e
B
SA,
B
AS
,
a
n
d
B
SAM
g
r
ad
u
ates
wh
o
co
n
d
u
cted
th
eir
OJT
in
I
s
r
ae
l
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
9
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
ak
e
o
f
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
th
ey
wer
e
r
ef
er
r
e
d
to
as
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
i
n
th
e
r
ep
o
r
t.
Po
p
u
latio
n
s
am
p
lin
g
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
t
o
s
elec
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
o
n
lin
e
(
v
ia
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
)
an
d
s
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
em
ail
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ac
co
u
n
ts
,
p
h
o
n
e
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
a
ctu
al
in
ter
v
iews
with
th
e
I
AT
F
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
ein
g
f
o
llo
wed
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
ce
n
tr
al
ten
d
en
c
y
(
m
ea
n
s
)
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
(
s
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
)
,
as
well
as
in
f
er
en
tial statis
tics
in
clu
d
in
g
n
o
n
-
p
ar
am
etr
ic
test
s
.
2
.
2
.
Co
ncept
ua
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
two
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
r
r
elati
o
n
al
b
lo
ck
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
en
tails
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
r
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
u
t
n
o
t
its
ca
u
s
e
-
ef
f
ec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
b
lo
ck
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
wh
o
ar
e
t
h
e
B
SA
,
B
A
S
,
an
d
BS
AM
wh
o
wer
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
C
HE
D
SIA
P
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
ey
wer
e
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
a
n
d
in
t
er
v
iewe
d
to
o
b
tain
an
d
c
o
n
s
o
lid
ate
th
ei
r
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
its
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
f
o
u
r
k
ey
ar
ea
s
as sh
o
wn
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
ese
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
w
er
e
th
en
co
r
r
elate
d
an
d
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
its
r
elev
an
ce
to
th
e
p
r
esen
t
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
ich
was
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
th
ir
d
b
lo
ck
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
th
e
em
p
l
o
y
er
s
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
was a
ls
o
g
ath
er
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
2
6
4
-
1
2
7
8
1266
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
two
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
lo
ck
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
re
lia
bil
it
y
T
h
e
i
t
e
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
-
m
a
d
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
w
er
e
s
u
b
j
e
ct
e
d
t
o
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
it
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
v
ia
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
.
A
l
l
i
te
m
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
r
e
l
ia
b
i
l
it
y
l
e
v
e
l
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
ta
i
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
l
l
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
i
t
e
m
s
.
R
e
l
i
a
b
il
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
r
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
w
a
s
:
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
m
o
r
e
th
an
0
.
9
0
=
ex
ce
llen
t
;
0
.
8
0
-
0
.
9
0
=
g
o
o
d
;
0
.
7
0
-
0
.
7
9
=
ac
ce
p
tab
l
e
;
0
.
6
0
-
0
.
6
9
=
q
u
esti
o
n
a
b
le
;
0
.
5
0
-
0
.
5
9
=
p
o
o
r
;
less
th
an
0
.
5
9
=
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
.
T
a
b
le
1
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
s
co
r
es o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t u
s
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Me
asu
r
em
e
n
t o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
N
o
.
o
f
i
t
e
m
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
O
JT
i
m
p
a
c
t
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
8
0
.
9
1
7
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
i
n
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
/
t
r
a
i
t
s i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
8
0
.
9
2
2
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
i
n
w
o
r
k
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
a
n
d
h
a
b
i
t
s i
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
8
0
.
9
1
3
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
i
n
w
o
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
8
0
.
9
5
9
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
i
n
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
8
0
.
9
5
6
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
4
.
So
urce
s
a
nd
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
s
u
p
p
lies
,
an
d
m
ater
ials
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
lap
to
p
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
,
p
r
in
ter
,
c
o
p
ier
m
ac
h
in
e,
b
o
n
d
p
ap
er
s
,
p
r
i
n
ter
in
k
,
co
p
ier
to
n
e
r
,
p
en
s
an
d
f
o
l
d
er
s
.
2
.
5
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
pro
ce
du
re
Simp
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
as
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
ca
lcu
l
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
Hu
lley
et
a
l
.
[
8
]
.
A
to
tal
o
f
4
7
o
n
-
th
e
-
jo
b
tr
ain
e
es
o
v
er
s
ea
s
en
r
o
lled
in
B
SA,
B
AS
an
d
B
SAM
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
9
wer
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
as
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
u
s
ed
was:
N
=
[
(
Z
α
+
Z
β
)
/
C
]
2
+
3
W
h
er
e
,
N
=
to
tal
s
am
p
le
s
ize;
Z
α
=
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
o
r
m
al
d
ev
iate
f
o
r
α
=
1
.
9
6
0
0
; Z
β
=
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
o
r
m
al
d
ev
iate
f
o
r
β
=
0
.
8
4
1
6
;
C
=
0
.
5
0
*
ln
[
(
1
+r
/
1
-
r)]
=
0
.
5
0
*
ln
[
(
1
+
0
.
4
0
)
/1
–
0
.
4
0
)
]
=
0
.
4
2
3
6
;
r
=
ex
p
ec
ted
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
s
et
as 0
.
4
0
)
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
N
was:
N
=
[
(
1
.
9
6
0
0
+
0
.
8
4
1
6
)
/0
.
4
2
3
6
]
2
+
3
=
4
3
.
7
4
2
2
+
3
=
47.
Fo
r
clar
ity
in
th
e
r
ep
o
r
t,
t
h
e
ter
m
s
tr
ain
ee
s
,
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
,
g
r
a
d
u
ates
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
m
ea
n
t
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
ese
all
r
ef
er
to
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
BS
A
,
B
AS
,
an
d
B
S
AM
wh
o
wen
t o
v
er
s
ea
s
(
I
s
r
ae
l o
r
t
h
e
U
n
ited
States
o
f
Am
er
ica)
to
h
a
v
e
th
eir
OJT
.
2
.
6
.
St
a
t
is
t
ica
l
a
na
ly
s
is
C
o
llected
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
ey
U
T
est
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
g
ain
ed
s
k
ills
o
f
B
S
A/B
A
S
an
d
B
SA
M
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
R
h
o
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
r
r
el
atio
n
o
r
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
ed
.
Data
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
m
ea
n
s
±
s
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
(
SEM
)
.
All
d
ata
wer
e
r
u
n
o
n
Sh
ap
i
r
o
-
W
ilk
test
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
ality
a
n
d
L
e
v
en
e’
s
test
f
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eity
.
SP
SS
2
6
.
0
(
SP
SS
,
I
n
c.
,
C
h
icag
o
,
I
L
,
USA)
was u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
all
th
e
g
ath
er
ed
d
ata.
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
I
mpa
c
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
O
v
e
r
s
e
a
s
O
J
T
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
B
A
S
C
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
E
f
f
e
c
t
iv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
Ov
e
r
s
e
a
s
O
J
T
o
n
t
h
e
I
mpr
o
v
e
men
t
o
f
-
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
Qu
a
li
t
ie
s
S
ign
if
i
c
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
OJ
T
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
n
t
h
e
E
mploy
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
B
S
A
,
B
A
S
a
n
d
B
S
A
M
Gr
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
F
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
o
m
t
he
P
r
e
s
e
nt
Em
plo
y
e
r
s
o
f
t
he
BSA,
BAS,
a
nd
B
SA
M
G
ra
du
a
t
es who
I
nte
r
ned O
v
er
s
ea
s
B
S
A
,
B
A
S
a
n
d
B
S
A
M
Gr
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
w
h
o
w
e
r
e
On
-
t
he
-
job
Tr
a
ine
e
s
Ov
e
r
s
e
a
s
f
r
o
m
2009
-
2019
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
flu
en
ce
o
f t
h
e
o
ve
r
s
ea
s
o
n
-
t
h
e
-
jo
b
tr
a
in
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
emp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
(
E
ve
l
yn
Q.
A
lera
)
1267
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
O
J
T
ex
perience
o
f
t
he
t
ra
inees
As
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
,
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
wer
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
f
ar
m
-
b
ased
tr
ain
in
g
wh
ich
in
clu
d
ed
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
es,
p
o
u
ltr
y
/liv
esto
ck
f
ar
m
s
,
f
r
u
it
o
r
ch
ar
d
s
,
r
ice
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
ev
en
f
ar
m
lo
g
is
tics
(
N=
4
2
,
8
9
.
3
6
%).
On
ly
4
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
(
8
.
5
1
%)
h
an
d
led
b
o
th
f
ar
m
an
d
o
f
f
ice
-
b
ased
w
o
r
k
,
wh
ile
o
n
ly
1
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
th
at
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
g
iv
e
n
was
m
o
s
tly
cler
ical
wo
r
k
alo
n
g
with
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
wo
r
k
,
r
ep
o
r
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
a
n
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
er
v
ice.
Fo
r
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
u
ati
n
g
class
wh
er
e
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
b
elo
n
g
ed
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
wer
e
p
ar
t
o
f
b
atch
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
1
9
(
N=
2
0
,
4
2
.
5
5
%),
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
b
atc
h
2017
-
2
0
1
7
(
N=
1
0
,
2
1
.
2
8
%).
Fiv
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
b
atch
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
8
,
wh
ile
f
o
u
r
wer
e
f
r
o
m
b
atch
2014
-
2
0
1
5
,
th
r
ee
f
r
o
m
b
atch
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
,
two
f
r
o
m
b
atch
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
0
an
d
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
,
an
d
la
s
tly
,
th
er
e
was o
n
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
1
6
.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
OJT
was
u
s
u
ally
o
n
e
y
ea
r
,
wh
ich
wa
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
am
o
n
g
4
1
tr
ain
ee
s
(
8
7
.
2
3
%).
I
n
th
e
m
ea
n
tim
e,
f
iv
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
th
eir
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
6
-
1
0
m
o
n
th
s
an
d
f
in
ally
,
th
er
e
was o
n
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t w
h
o
s
tated
th
at
h
er
t
r
ain
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
wa
s
less
th
an
6
m
o
n
th
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
OJT
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
tr
a
in
ee
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
-
2
0
1
9
O
v
e
r
se
a
s
O
JT
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
(
%)
Ty
p
e
O
J
T
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
F
a
r
m
-
b
a
s
e
d
(
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
,
p
o
u
l
t
r
y
/
l
i
v
e
st
o
c
k
,
f
r
u
i
t
o
r
c
h
a
r
d
,
r
i
c
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s,
a
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tech
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[
1
1
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1
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.
R
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ets
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[
1
6
]
.
I
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ates
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tiatio
n
s
k
ills
wh
ich
a
p
er
s
o
n
m
u
s
t
lear
n
an
d
i
n
v
est
tim
e
in
a
g
r
ea
t
d
ea
l.
S
ev
er
al
r
ep
o
r
ts
h
av
e
r
esem
b
led
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
th
at
b
u
s
in
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t
-
r
elate
d
f
ield
s
r
eg
ar
d
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
as
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
k
ills
in
jo
b
s
u
cc
ess
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
th
e
s
k
i
lls
lear
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
v
er
s
ea
s
OJT
o
f
th
e
B
ASC
tr
ain
ee
s
in
B
SA/
B
AS a
n
d
B
SAM
p
r
o
g
r
am
S
k
i
l
l
s
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
r
o
m
o
v
e
r
sea
s
O
JT
D
e
g
r
e
e
/
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
N
=
4
7
M
e
a
n
±
S
E
M
M
e
a
n
r
a
n
k
M
e
d
i
a
n
U
t
e
s
t
P
v
a
l
u
e
(
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
(
N
=
2
6
)
5
.
6
5
±
0
.
2
3
2
0
.
4
4
6
1
8
0
.
5
0
0
.
0
3
6
B
S
A
M
(
N
=
2
1
)
6
.
1
9
±
0
.
3
1
2
8
.
4
0
7
H
u
ma
n
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
6
.
0
4
±
0
.
1
7
2
1
.
7
5
6
2
1
4
.
5
0
0
.
1
7
9
B
S
A
M
6
.
2
4
±
0
.
2
8
2
6
.
7
9
7
Te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
d
e
g
r
e
e
)
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
5
.
9
6
±
0
.
1
8
2
1
.
8
5
7
2
1
7
.
0
0
0
.
2
0
2
B
S
A
M
6
.
1
0
±
0
.
3
2
2
6
.
6
7
7
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
l
e
a
d
e
r
sh
i
p
sk
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
6
.
2
3
±
0
.
1
9
2
2
.
9
6
6
2
4
6
.
0
0
0
.
5
2
2
B
S
A
M
6
.
1
9
±
0
.
3
0
2
5
.
2
9
7
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
s
k
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
5
.
5
0
±
0
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
6
5
.
5
1
9
4
.
0
0
0
.
0
7
9
B
S
A
M
5
.
9
5
±
0
.
3
3
2
7
.
7
6
7
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
sk
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
5
.
8
1
±
0
.
1
8
2
1
.
0
0
6
1
9
5
.
0
0
0
.
0
7
9
B
S
A
M
6
.
1
0
±
0
.
3
2
2
7
.
7
1
7
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
k
i
l
l
s
B
S
A
/
B
A
S
5
.
7
3
±
0
.
2
5
2
1
.
9
2
6
2
1
9
.
0
0
0
.
2
2
4
B
S
A
M
6
.
0
5
±
0
.
3
0
2
6
.
5
7
7
T
h
e
h
u
m
an
-
r
elatio
n
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
is
an
u
m
b
r
ella
ter
m
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltit
u
d
e
o
f
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as
a
d
esire
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
o
th
er
s
w
h
ich
in
clu
d
es
b
u
t
is
n
o
t
lim
ite
d
to
th
ei
r
n
ee
d
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es
an
d
th
eir
talen
ts
an
d
a
b
ilit
ies.
I
n
a
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
ettin
g
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
h
u
m
an
r
elatio
n
s
also
em
b
r
o
il
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
er
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
attain
an
d
s
atis
f
y
b
o
th
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
[
2
0
]
.
Hu
m
an
r
elati
o
n
s
em
p
h
asize
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
in
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
f
lict
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
s
elf
-
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
team
wo
r
k
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
is
b
elie
v
ed
to
b
e
v
er
y
v
ital
in
b
u
s
in
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
h
o
wev
er
,
s
u
r
p
r
is
in
g
ly
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
,
it
s
tatis
ti
ca
lly
h
ad
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
an
d
th
e
s
am
e
lev
el
o
f
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
b
o
th
B
SAM
an
d
B
SA/
B
A
S
s
t
u
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
ilar
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
t
wo
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ai
n
e
es
in
h
u
m
a
n
-
r
elatio
n
s
ab
ilit
i
es
m
ay
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
-
d
a
y
s
k
ills
’
s
h
if
t
in
th
e
ag
r
icu
lt
u
r
e
s
ec
to
r
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
tech
n
ica
l
-
b
ased
to
a
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
d
is
cip
lin
e,
as
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
,
an
d
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
2
2
]
to
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
to
b
etter
s
er
v
e
ch
an
g
in
g
lab
o
r
d
em
a
n
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
2
6
4
-
1
2
7
8
1270
B
o
th
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
il
ls
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
a
in
ee
s
f
r
o
m
th
eir
OJT
wer
e
also
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
all
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
(
B
SA/B
AS
an
d
B
SAM)
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
s
k
ills
ar
e
th
o
s
e
r
ela
ted
to
th
e
a
ctu
al
wo
r
k
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
d
o
es
[
2
3
]
.
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
as
th
e
ab
il
ity
to
g
u
id
e
,
o
r
g
an
ize
an
d
m
o
tiv
ate
to
war
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
g
o
als
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
id
ea
s
in
to
r
ea
lizatio
n
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
C
h
u
n
g
[
2
3
]
,
te
ch
n
ical
s
k
ills
also
k
n
o
wn
as
h
ar
d
s
k
ills
ar
e
less
f
av
o
r
ed
in
b
u
s
in
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t
wh
ile
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
-
ce
n
ter
ed
co
u
r
s
es,
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
ar
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
io
r
itized
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
d
if
f
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
a
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
B
an
g
lad
esh
in
wh
ich
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
lead
er
s
h
i
p
an
d
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
k
ills
wer
e
n
o
t sig
n
if
ican
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
o
v
er
all
em
p
l
o
y
a
b
ilit
y
[
2
4
].
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
r
i
n
te
r
n
s
h
i
p
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
c
ap
ac
i
ty
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
a
r
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
b
y
s
o
m
eo
n
e
wit
h
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
,
wh
o
ad
m
i
n
is
t
er
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
t
r
ai
n
e
es,
to
ass
is
t
t
h
e
j
u
n
i
o
r
o
r
n
ew
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
e
r
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
ex
p
e
r
tis
e
to
m
ee
t
th
e
ta
r
g
ets
a
n
d
o
b
je
cti
v
es
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
an
t
r
es
u
lts
o
f
te
c
h
n
ic
al
,
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
l
ea
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
k
ills
m
e
r
el
y
d
e
p
ic
te
d
t
h
a
t
th
e
OJ
T
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
eq
u
a
l
ac
t
iv
iti
es
o
r
t
as
k
s
ass
o
ci
ate
d
wit
h
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
ed
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
te
c
h
n
ica
l
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
l
ea
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
s
k
il
ls
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
Al
er
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
,
w
h
e
r
e
in
ag
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
e
g
r
a
d
u
at
es
wer
e
as
k
e
d
t
o
d
esc
r
i
b
e
w
h
a
t
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
i
n
th
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
n
ee
d
e
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
to
ca
t
er
t
h
eir
ca
r
ee
r
n
ee
d
s
,
s
e
v
e
r
al
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
m
e
n
ti
o
n
e
d
t
h
e
i
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
le
ad
er
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
m
an
ag
em
en
t
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
s
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
f
i
n
an
cia
l
m
a
n
a
g
em
e
n
t
s
o
t
h
a
t
g
r
a
d
u
at
es
c
a
n
s
t
r
ate
g
ical
ly
p
la
n
t
h
ei
r
tas
k
s
,
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
t
h
i
n
k
cr
i
tic
all
y
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
f
i
n
a
n
c
es
e
f
f
ici
e
n
tl
y
.
Ot
h
er
a
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
e
g
r
a
d
u
at
es
als
o
m
e
n
ti
o
n
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
OJT
p
er
io
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
h
a
v
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
d
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
t
r
a
in
in
g
s
o
t
h
a
t
m
o
r
e
t
ask
s
a
n
d
t
r
a
in
in
g
s
wil
l
b
e
g
iv
e
n
t
o
t
h
em
to
i
n
c
r
e
ase
t
h
ei
r
tec
h
n
ic
al
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
.
W
h
i
le
t
h
es
e
s
tat
e
m
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
s
t
u
d
en
ts
a
r
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
iv
e
p
e
r
ce
p
t
io
n
s
an
d
n
o
t
a
n
o
b
j
ec
t
iv
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t,
m
o
r
e
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
co
u
l
d
b
e
u
n
d
e
r
ta
k
e
n
to
b
et
te
r
esta
b
l
is
h
t
h
e
le
a
r
n
e
d
em
p
l
o
y
a
b
il
it
y
s
k
il
ls
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
in
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
t
h
ei
r
OJT
s
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
f
e
e
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
als
o
b
e
tak
e
n
l
ig
h
t
ly
as
t
h
e
y
we
r
e
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
als
wh
o
e
x
p
e
r
i
en
ce
d
th
e
a
ct
u
a
l t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
s
o
v
er
a
p
r
esc
r
ib
e
d
p
e
r
i
o
d
.
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
c
r
it
i
c
al
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
s
k
i
l
ls
g
o
h
a
n
d
-
in
-
h
a
n
d
i
n
m
a
n
y
j
o
b
s
e
tt
i
n
g
s
.
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
esear
ch
s
k
ills
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
ew
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
s
er
v
ices
f
o
r
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
I
t
is
also
n
ee
d
ed
in
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
e
x
is
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
n
ew
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
id
ea
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
g
ap
s
in
m
an
y
f
ield
s
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
lead
to
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
t
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
life
s
ty
le.
R
esear
ch
s
k
ills
ca
n
b
e
elab
o
r
ated
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
-
d
ep
th
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
a
n
d
lo
g
ical
an
s
wer
s
o
n
a
g
iv
e
n
to
p
ic,
is
s
u
e
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
af
ter
th
e
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
co
llected
.
I
t
g
r
ea
tly
in
v
o
lv
ed
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
tatem
en
t,
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
g
o
o
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
lo
g
ical
d
esig
n
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
y
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
wr
it
ten
o
r
o
r
al
r
e
p
o
r
ts
[2
8
]
.
All
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
th
e
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
o
f
ap
titu
d
e
in
r
esear
ch
ar
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
in
g
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
an
aly
zi
n
g
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
in
f
er
en
ce
s
,
ju
d
g
in
g
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
,
a
n
d
s
o
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
[
29
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
le
v
el
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ai
n
ee
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
esear
c
h
s
k
ills
an
d
cr
itica
l
th
in
k
in
g
wer
e
t
h
e
s
am
e
,
wh
i
ch
in
f
er
s
th
at
th
ese
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
s
k
ills
wer
e
g
ain
ed
ad
e
q
u
ately
in
th
eir
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
As
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
wo
r
k
s
ettin
g
s
in
th
e
o
v
er
s
ea
s
OJT
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
,
a
h
ig
h
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
th
em
we
r
e
d
e
p
l
o
y
ed
b
o
th
in
a
n
im
al
an
d
cr
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
v
ia
s
h
if
tin
g
s
ch
e
d
u
les.
At
tim
es,
th
e
tr
ain
ee
s
wer
e
g
iv
en
p
a
p
er
wo
r
k
s
u
ch
as
wr
itin
g
r
ep
o
r
ts
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
n
ar
r
ativ
es.
T
h
ey
wer
e
al
s
o
tau
g
h
t
to
o
p
er
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ar
m
m
ac
h
in
e
r
ies
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
as
well
as
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atize
d
f
ar
m
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
.
T
h
ese
ac
tiv
iti
es
wer
e
b
eliev
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
r
a
ctica
l
s
k
ills
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
a
b
ilit
y
.
I
n
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
t
h
ese,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
co
m
m
o
n
ly
r
ef
er
r
e
d
to
as
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
ar
e
al
s
o
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
k
ills
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
a
jo
b
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
an
d
o
th
er
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
Fro
m
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
r
ep
o
r
t,
th
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
B
SA/B
AS
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
B
SAM
g
r
o
u
p
we
r
e
th
e
s
am
e
wh
ich
in
d
icate
d
th
at
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
im
ilar
ca
p
ac
ity
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
th
em
to
b
e
e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
s
u
f
f
icien
t
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
i.e
.
,
co
m
p
u
ter
co
m
p
u
ter
-
o
p
er
ated
ir
r
ig
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
es
in
th
e
v
eg
etab
le
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
ar
m
s
,
m
o
d
er
n
f
er
tili
ze
r
ap
p
licatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
f
a
r
m
waste
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
co
lleg
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ass
im
ilated
b
y
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
s
alar
ies
[
30
]
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
wh
et
h
er
g
e
n
er
al
o
r
co
m
p
an
y
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
it
m
ay
also
s
u
r
g
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
n
ew
an
d
b
etter
jo
b
s
with
o
th
er
f
ir
m
s
.
T
h
is
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
h
ig
h
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
g
r
ad
u
ates
(
8
5
.
1
1
%)
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
u
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
(
1
4
.
8
9
%).
L
i
k
ewise,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wh
o
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
wo
r
k
in
g
in
th
e
f
ield
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
eir
co
u
r
s
e
was
also
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
in
d
icatio
n
th
at
OJT
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t secu
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t tr
ain
ee
s
o
f
B
SA/B
AS a
n
d
B
SAM.
3
.
4
.
I
m
pa
c
t
s
o
f
t
he
o
v
er
s
ea
s
O
J
T
pro
g
r
a
m
t
hro
ug
h
perc
ept
io
n m
ea
s
urem
ent
A
to
tal
5
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
8
im
p
a
ct
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
s
co
r
ed
b
etwe
en
4
.
3
8
-
4
.
4
0
wh
ich
was
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
“im
p
ac
tf
u
l”.
T
h
ese
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
latest
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
ex
p
er
tis
e
,
s
co
p
e
in
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
ca
r
ee
r
,
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
OJT
ch
an
g
es
wo
r
k
attitu
d
e
an
d
h
ab
its
,
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
lin
k
a
g
es
an
d
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
elev
a
n
ce
to
p
r
esen
t
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
,
as
in
T
ab
le
5
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
r
ee
in
d
icato
r
s
o
b
tain
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
flu
en
ce
o
f t
h
e
o
ve
r
s
ea
s
o
n
-
t
h
e
-
jo
b
tr
a
in
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
emp
lo
ya
b
ilit
y
(
E
ve
l
yn
Q.
A
lera
)
1271
a
“v
er
y
im
p
ac
tf
u
l”
d
escr
ip
tio
n
with
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
4
.
5
1
-
4
.
5
7
.
T
h
e
s
tatem
en
t,
“e
x
ten
t
to
wh
i
ch
th
e
OJT
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ef
f
icien
cy
to
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lear
n
e
d
”
g
ath
er
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
(
4
.
5
7
)
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
“u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
-
r
ela
ted
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
”
s
co
r
in
g
4
.
5
3
a
n
d
“e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
ac
tu
al
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
lear
n
ed
s
k
ills
”
with
4
.
5
1
m
ea
n
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
p
ar
alleled
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
Sh
o
u
ld
er
s
et
a
l
.
[
31
]
,
t
h
at
g
r
a
d
u
ates
o
f
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
wh
o
wer
e
a
b
l
e
to
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
a
n
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
g
o
o
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates.
Feed
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
is
as
th
e
y
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
g
r
ea
te
r
ca
r
ee
r
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
,
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
ac
q
u
ir
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
r
ain
in
g
s
,
an
d
f
ield
s
o
f
th
eir
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
.
I
n
a
r
elativ
ely
s
im
ilar
s
ettin
g
[
32
]
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
k
ills
th
at
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
E
g
y
p
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
u
t
f
o
u
n
d
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
t
r
ain
in
g
an
d
wer
e
“ill
-
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
”
wer
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
also
as
“sk
ills
g
ap
”
an
d
th
ese
wer
e:
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
g
ain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
s
p
ec
ialized
ar
ea
s
,
to
s
p
ea
k
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
to
th
i
n
k
c
r
ea
tiv
e
ly
,
as
well
as
to
ap
p
ly
p
r
o
b
le
m
-
s
o
lv
in
g
a
n
d
tim
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
.
E
m
p
lo
y
er
s
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
g
r
ad
u
ates
wh
o
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
tech
n
ical
(
h
ar
d
)
s
k
ills
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
em
p
lo
y
er
s
as
th
o
s
e
with
tech
n
ical
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
tr
ain
in
g
in
th
e
r
ea
l
jo
b
ar
en
a.
As
R
o
b
in
s
o
n
-
Pan
t
[
33
]
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t,
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
ar
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
io
r
itized
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
c
o
u
r
s
es
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Pre
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
,
i
n
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
co
m
p
leted
in
a
g
iv
en
p
er
io
d
h
a
d
d
i
r
ec
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
t
h
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
ee
s
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
r
atin
g
s
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
f
av
o
r
ab
le
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
o
v
er
s
ea
s
OJT
o
n
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
is
a
n
o
th
er
clea
r
e
v
id
en
ce
o
f
th
e
a
f
f
ir
m
ativ
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
in
t
er
n
s
h
ip
as
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
p
r
ep
ar
e
f
o
r
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t sh
if
t f
r
o
m
ac
ad
em
ia
t
o
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
5
.
Per
ce
iv
e
d
lev
el
o
f
im
p
ac
t o
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
I
mp
a
c
t
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
±
S
E
M
(
N
=
4
7
)
V
e
r
b
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
1
.
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
o
f
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
st
t
r
e
n
d
s a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
4
.
4
7
±
0
.
0
9
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
2
.
Ex
p
o
su
r
e
t
o
a
c
t
u
a
l
o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
e
d
s
k
i
l
l
s
4
.
5
1
±
0
.
0
9
V
e
r
y
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
3
.
Ex
t
e
n
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
O
J
T
h
e
l
p
e
d
i
n
c
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
a
c
a
r
e
e
r
4
.
4
0
±
0
.
1
2
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
4
.
Ex
t
e
n
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
O
J
T
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
t
o
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
d
4
.
5
7
±
0
.
0
8
V
e
r
y
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
5
.
Ex
t
e
n
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
O
J
T
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
h
a
b
i
t
s
4
.
4
9
±
0
.
0
9
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
6
.
Ex
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
l
o
c
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
i
n
k
a
g
e
s (p
e
o
p
l
e
,
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s)
4
.
4
0
±
0
.
0
9
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
7
.
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s a
n
d
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
4
.
5
3
±
0
.
0
9
V
e
r
y
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
8
.
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
p
u
r
s
u
e
d
j
o
b
a
n
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
l
a
n
s
4
.
3
8
±
0
.
1
1
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
C
o
m
p
o
si
t
e
mea
n
4
.
4
7
±
0
.
0
2
I
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
N
o
t
e
:
1
-
1
.
5
0
=
v
e
r
y
u
n
i
m
p
a
c
t
f
u
l
;
1
.
5
1
-
2
.
5
0
=
u
n
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
;
2
.
5
1
-
3
.
5
0
=
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
;
3
.
5
1
-
4
.
5
0
=
i
mp
a
c
t
f
u
l
;
4
.
5
1
-
5
.
0
0
=
v
e
r
y
i
m
p
a
c
t
f
u
l
3
.
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
o
f
t
he
o
v
e
rsea
s
O
J
T
in t
he
g
ra
du
a
t
es’
perso
na
l qua
litie
s
dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
tr
ain
ee
s
ass
ess
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
alities
u
p
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
eir
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
ab
r
o
ad
.
I
t
in
c
lu
d
ed
eig
h
t
s
tatem
en
t
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
u
n
d
er
eig
h
t
ca
teg
o
r
ies
(
h
y
g
ien
e/g
r
o
o
m
i
n
g
,
s
elf
-
co
m
p
o
s
u
r
e,
wo
r
k
p
lace
well
-
b
ein
g
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
co
m
p
as
s
io
n
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
,
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
co
m
m
itm
en
t,
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
)
.
T
h
e
eig
h
t
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
b
tain
e
d
a
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
1
-
4
.
6
8
with
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ea
n
o
f
4
.
6
2
d
escr
ib
ed
as
“v
er
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e”
,
as
i
n
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
e
“v
e
r
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e”
r
atin
g
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ain
ee
s
in
th
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
q
u
alities
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
f
er
r
ed
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
v
er
s
ea
s
o
n
r
e
f
in
in
g
t
h
e
tr
a
in
ee
s
’
tr
aits
.
S
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
4
]
–
[
3
7
]
s
tated
th
at
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
f
r
esh
g
r
ad
u
ates
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
g
r
ad
u
ates
lack
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
s
elf
-
esteem
,
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
ea
g
er
n
ess
to
lear
n
,
a
n
d
ab
ilit
y
to
g
iv
e
s
o
u
n
d
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
alitie
s
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
a
y
p
o
s
s
ess
ar
e
s
o
f
t
s
k
ills
.
E
m
p
lo
y
er
s
ac
r
o
s
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
g
en
e
r
al,
h
ir
ed
in
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
g
r
a
d
u
ates
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
s
k
ills
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
attitu
d
es,
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
th
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
as
a
m
aj
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
to
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates in
th
ei
r
ef
f
ici
en
cy
in
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
en
tail
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
OJT
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
tr
ain
ee
s
v
alu
ed
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
h
ig
h
ly
d
u
r
i
n
g
i
n
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
as
it
h
elp
ed
th
em
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ir
p
er
s
o
n
al
tr
aits
.
I
t
is
d
u
r
in
g
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
lear
n
th
e
n
ee
d
e
d
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ills
u
n
d
er
s
u
p
er
v
is
in
g
au
th
o
r
ities
[
3
8
]
.
Fro
m
th
er
e,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
g
ai
n
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
ese
OJTs
aid
th
em
in
m
ak
in
g
b
etter
c
o
g
n
izan
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
c
h
o
ice
a
n
d
r
o
u
te.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
“
v
er
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e”
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
alities
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
s
k
ills
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
in
ce
th
ese
s
k
ill
s
ets
ar
e
d
esire
d
b
y
m
a
n
y
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
ese
in
cl
u
d
e
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
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in t
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ce
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2
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ess
[
4
2
]
.
E
m
p
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h
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2
1
s
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co
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[
4
3
]
.
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[
4
4
]
.
T
ab
le
8
.
Per
ce
iv
e
d
OJT
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
in
ter
m
s
o
f
wo
r
k
p
e
r
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ce
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t
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k
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ma
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d
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t
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r
mi
n
a
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
±
S
E
M
(
N
=
4
7
)
V
e
r
b
a
l
i
n
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r
p
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t
a
t
i
o
n
1
.
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a
s
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s w
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m
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7
2
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s
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s
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p
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b
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l
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t
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d
l
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n
e
4
.
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2
±
0
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0
7
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v
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3
.
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r
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4
.
6
2
±
0
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1
0
V
e
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t
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4
.
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6
4
±
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5
.
A
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c
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p
t
s wo
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me
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s
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n
d
/
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sp
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l
y
4
.
6
8
±
0
.
0
8
V
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f
f
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c
t
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v
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6
.
C
a
n
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a
s
a
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a
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memb
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t
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a
m
4
.
7
0
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
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e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
7
.
Tr
a
n
sl
a
t
e
s
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d
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s
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t
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c
t
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o
n
4
.
6
2
±
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.
0
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V
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f
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c
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8
.
D
e
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o
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s c
r
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a
t
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,
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,
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m
4
.
6
8
±
0
.
0
8
V
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o
m
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4
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6
7
±
.
0
2
V
e
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e
f
f
e
c
t
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v
e
N
o
t
e
:
1
-
1
.
5
0
=
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n
e
f
f
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c
t
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v
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;
1
.
5
1
-
2
.
5
0
=
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n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
2
.
5
1
-
3
.
5
0
=
s
l
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l
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n
e
f
f
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t
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;
3
.
5
1
-
4
.
5
0
=
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
4
.
5
1
-
5
.
0
0
=
v
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f
f
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c
t
i
v
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3.
8
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
o
f
t
he
o
v
e
rsea
s
O
J
T
in t
he
g
ra
du
a
t
es’
pro
f
ess
io
na
l sk
ills
dev
elo
pm
ent
All
th
e
eig
h
t
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
T
ab
le
9
,
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
h
av
e
a
“v
er
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e”
i
n
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
with
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
b
etwe
en
4
.
6
8
-
4
.
7
8
a
n
d
a
n
o
v
e
r
all
m
ea
n
o
f
4
.
7
2
.
I
n
m
a
n
y
liter
atu
r
es,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
as
o
n
e’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
u
s
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
ce
r
tain
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
4
1
]
,
[
45
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
an
t,
“sh
o
ws
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
o
u
tin
e
o
f
f
ice/f
a
r
m
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es”,
wh
ich
h
ad
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
(
4
.
7
8
)
ex
p
ec
te
d
ly
m
atch
ed
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
iewe
d
tr
ain
ee
s
.
Ma
n
y
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
ee
s
s
tated
h
o
w
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
r
o
te
o
f
f
ice/f
a
r
m
d
u
ties
tr
ain
ed
th
em
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
d
is
cip
lin
ed
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
co
m
p
letin
g
th
eir
d
u
ties
o
n
tim
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tici
n
g
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wh
ile
o
n
d
u
ty
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
t
r
ain
ee
s
m
en
tio
n
e
d
tak
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
r
m
d
u
ties
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
em
an
d
allo
win
g
th
em
s
elv
es
to
b
e
f
lex
ib
le
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
-
m
in
d
ed
to
ch
a
n
g
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
les,
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
o
r
d
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
eir
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
b
ec
am
e
th
eir
m
ea
n
s
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
t
o
Mir
ak
za
d
e
h
an
d
Gh
iasy
[
4
7
]
wh
o
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
g
r
ad
u
ates’
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
.
As
B
in
d
er
et
a
l
.
[
4
6
]
p
u
t
it,
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
p
r
ep
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
tec
h
n
ical
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
W
h
ile
em
p
lo
y
er
s
’
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
f
r
esh
g
r
a
d
u
ate
a
p
p
lican
ts
ar
e
wid
e
-
r
an
g
in
g
a
n
d
ca
n
n
o
t
ea
s
ily
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t h
ir
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
alwa
y
s
p
lay
a
s
alien
t r
o
le.
T
ab
le
9
.
Per
ce
iv
e
d
OJT
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l sk
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
±
S
E
M
(
N
=
4
7
)
V
e
r
b
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
1
.
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
a
sk
s
4
.
6
8
±
0
.
0
8
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
2
.
S
h
o
w
s a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
i
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
mi
n
g
a
ss
i
g
n
e
d
t
a
s
k
s
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
a
ss
i
g
n
me
n
t
4
.
7
2
±
0
.
0
8
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
3
.
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
4
.
7
0
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
4
.
S
h
o
w
s a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m ro
u
t
i
n
e
o
f
f
i
c
e
/
f
a
r
m
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
4
.
7
8
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
5
.
Ta
k
i
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
4
.
7
2
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
6
.
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
-
m
i
n
d
e
d
n
e
ss
i
n
e
x
e
c
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
a
s
k
s
a
n
d
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
g
o
a
l
s
4
.
7
4
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
7
.
P
r
o
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
o
r
a
l
,
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
a
n
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
f
o
r
mat
4
.
7
0
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
8
.
P
r
e
serv
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
e
r
w
o
r
k
e
t
h
i
c
s
4
.
7
2
±
0
.
0
7
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
C
o
m
p
o
si
t
e
mea
n
4
.
7
2
±
0
.
0
2
V
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
N
o
t
e
:
1
-
1
.
5
0
=
v
e
r
y
i
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
1
.
5
1
-
2
.
5
0
=
i
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
2
.
5
1
-
3
.
5
0
=
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
i
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
3
.
5
1
-
4
.
5
0
=
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
;
4
.
5
1
-
5
.
0
0
=
v
e
r
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
3
.
9
.
Co
rr
el
a
t
ing
perc
eiv
ed
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
eness
o
f
t
he
em
plo
y
a
bil
it
y
det
er
m
ina
nts w
it
h O
J
T
im
pa
ct
s
Awa
r
en
ess
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
wh
o
tak
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
OJTs
o
n
th
e
s
k
ills
v
alu
ed
b
y
em
p
lo
y
er
s
i
n
all
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
is
ess
en
tial
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
E
q
u
ip
p
in
g
o
n
e’
s
s
elf
with
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
wh
at
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
ex
is
t
in
th
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
is
a
h
ir
in
g
ad
v
an
ta
g
e,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
ag
e
o
f
o
v
er
-
s
u
p
p
ly
o
r
m
ass
if
icatio
n
wh
ic
h
h
as
led
to
d
im
in
is
h
ed
v
alu
es
o
f
m
an
y
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
d
e
g
r
ee
s
[
4
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
ep
o
r
t,
th
e
in
ter
n
s
h
ip
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
ad
u
ates
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
eir
OJT
as
th
ey
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
it
p
o
s
itiv
ely
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