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w
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s
:
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p
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co
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g
Desig
n
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Desig
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ased
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Un
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Kala
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4
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3
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T
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ail:
W
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tid
a.
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k
s
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ac
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th
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
wo
r
ld
wi
d
e
h
av
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
em
p
h
asized
th
e
cu
ltiv
atio
n
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
s
o
u
n
d
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
em
p
l
o
y
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
m
an
a
g
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
cr
itical
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
b
u
t
also
r
ef
lects
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
1
]
.
Desp
ite
th
i
s
em
p
h
asis
,
m
an
y
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
lear
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er
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co
n
tin
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e
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tr
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le
with
is
s
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ch
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lim
ited
s
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p
er
v
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o
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u
p
p
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t,
in
ad
e
q
u
ate
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p
o
s
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r
e
to
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esear
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ls
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an
d
ch
allen
g
es
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
r
esear
ch
co
n
tin
u
ity
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
lim
itatio
n
s
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
e
v
id
en
t
i
n
co
n
tex
t
s
with
h
ig
h
s
tu
d
e
n
t
-
to
-
f
ac
u
lty
r
atio
s
,
wh
er
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
b
ec
o
m
es
less
f
ea
s
ib
le.
Par
allel
to
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
g
lo
b
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
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an
d
in
clu
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esear
ch
tr
ain
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g
.
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h
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
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C
o
m
m
is
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io
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,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
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ies
in
wid
en
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ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
i
n
g
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
T
h
ai
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
Ar
tific
ial
I
n
tellig
en
ce
R
ea
d
in
ess
Ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
R
ep
o
r
t
[
4
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
u
r
g
e
n
cy
o
f
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
ca
p
ac
ity
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
ar
e
b
etter
p
r
ep
ar
ed
to
th
r
i
v
e
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
lex
r
esear
c
h
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
alig
n
with
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
a
n
d
em
ic
m
o
m
en
tu
m
,
w
h
ich
h
as
ac
ce
ler
ated
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital to
o
ls
in
to
r
esear
ch
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
cr
ea
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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N:
2252
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8
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2
2
P
r
o
to
typ
e
d
ev
elo
p
me
n
t o
f a
n
A
I
-
p
o
w
ered
co
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ve
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a
tio
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a
l c
o
a
ch
in
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s
ystem
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…
(
Un
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p
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1399
Am
id
th
is
s
h
if
t,
AI
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
in
ter
f
ac
es
h
av
e
em
er
g
e
d
as
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
ac
ad
em
ic
co
ac
h
i
n
g
.
Sch
o
lar
s
h
av
e
n
o
ted
th
at
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
ex
ten
d
th
e
a
v
ailab
i
lity
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
tim
ely
g
u
id
an
ce
a
n
d
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
t
h
at
co
m
p
lem
en
t
h
u
m
a
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
[
5
]
.
R
ath
er
th
an
r
ep
lacin
g
ad
v
is
o
r
s
,
AI
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
s
er
v
e
as
a
co
-
m
en
to
r
—
b
r
id
g
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
g
ap
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lated
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
c
o
ac
h
in
g
c
h
atb
o
ts
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
h
ig
h
-
in
ten
s
ity
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
en
to
r
i
n
g
f
ac
es
tim
e
an
d
co
s
t
b
a
r
r
ier
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
s
u
ch
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
a
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
r
esear
ch
co
ac
h
in
g
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
T
h
ailan
d
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
co
n
tex
tu
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
a
n
d
lear
n
er
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
r
aws
upon
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les,
wh
ich
p
r
io
r
itize
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
,
iter
ativ
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
7
]
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
r
esear
ch
(
E
DR
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
s
tr
ess
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
with
lear
n
er
s
’
n
ee
d
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
[
8
]
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
p
er
s
is
ten
t su
p
er
v
is
io
n
ch
allen
g
es wh
ile
lev
er
ag
in
g
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
-
en
h
an
ce
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
A
I
ch
at
b
o
ts
an
d
d
ig
ital
co
ac
h
in
g
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
ew
h
a
v
e
ar
ticu
lated
em
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
r
esear
ch
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tex
ts
[
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
li
m
ited
r
esear
ch
h
as
ex
am
in
ed
h
o
w
co
ac
h
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
g
o
al
,
r
ea
lity
,
o
p
tio
n
s
,
will
(
GR
O
W
)
,
a
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
d
el
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
o
les
in
to
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
[
1
0
]
,
ca
n
b
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
to
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
AI
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
s
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
ese
g
a
p
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
clea
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
i
n
itial
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
is
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
i
s
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
two
co
r
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
q
u
esti
o
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
’
s
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t:
w
h
at
ar
e
t
h
e
ess
en
tial
d
esig
n
p
r
i
n
cip
les
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
a
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
AI
co
ac
h
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
o
n
th
e
GR
OW
m
o
d
el,
in
ten
d
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
co
n
tex
ts
?
Stru
ctu
r
ed
co
ac
h
in
g
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
h
av
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
p
o
t
en
tial
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
clea
r
p
ath
way
s
f
o
r
g
o
al
attain
m
en
t
[
1
1
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
es
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
h
ase:
h
o
w
d
o
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
ex
p
er
ts
ev
alu
ate
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
co
n
v
e
r
s
atio
n
al
AI
co
ac
h
in
g
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
its
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
elev
an
ce
,
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
?
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
aim
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
f
ield
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
a
v
i
ab
le,
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
e
n
h
an
ce
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
an
d
b
y
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
em
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l A
I
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
two
f
o
ld
.
First,
it
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
AI
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
in
teg
r
ated
in
t
o
g
r
ad
u
ate
r
esear
ch
tr
ai
n
in
g
t
o
f
o
s
ter
au
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
r
ef
le
ctiv
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
Seco
n
d
,
it
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
clu
s
iv
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
s
ca
led
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
B
y
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
t
h
ese
g
o
als,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
AI
n
o
t
m
er
ely
as
a
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
to
o
l
b
u
t
as
a
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
p
ar
tn
e
r
,
m
ar
k
i
n
g
a
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
t
ep
to
war
d
r
eim
ag
in
in
g
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
r
esear
ch
m
en
to
r
in
g
in
th
e
d
ig
ital e
r
a.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
an
E
D
R
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ic
h
is
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
to
cr
ea
te
p
r
ac
tical
y
et
th
eo
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
[
1
2
]
.
E
DR
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
its
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
iter
ativ
e
n
atu
r
e,
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
a
d
u
al
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
an
d
g
e
n
er
atin
g
e
m
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
d
esig
n
p
r
in
ci
p
les.
T
h
is
cy
clica
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
co
n
tin
u
ally
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
v
alid
ate
d
b
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
p
h
ase
s
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
d
esig
n
was
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
d
esig
n
th
in
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
—
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
th
e
p
h
ases
em
p
ath
ize,
d
ef
in
e,
id
ea
te,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e,
an
d
test
[
1
3
]
—
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
u
s
er
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
er
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
e
in
itial
E
DR
cy
cle,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
ex
p
er
t v
alid
atio
n
;
lear
n
er
im
p
ac
t
ev
al
u
atio
n
w
ill
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
cy
cles.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
te
s
t
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
ef
in
em
en
t
p
h
ases
will b
e
p
u
r
s
u
ed
in
later
r
esear
ch
iter
atio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
a
nd
p
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
of
all
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
h
ases
o
f
E
DR
was
ex
ec
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
a
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
s
e
d
ir
e
ct
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
s
p
ec
ialized
ex
p
er
tis
e
wer
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
c
u
r
ately
id
e
n
tify
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
’
s
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
e
n
s
u
r
ed
th
at
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
n
tex
t
u
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
r
o
les
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
h
ase
—
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
atu
r
at
io
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
th
e
n
ee
d
s
ass
ess
m
en
t a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
ten
t v
alid
ity
in
th
e
ex
p
er
t e
v
alu
atio
n
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
Nee
ds
identif
ica
t
io
n (
em
pa
t
hize
ph
a
s
e
)
Stru
ctu
r
ed
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
k
e
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
,
to
talin
g
4
9
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
(
n
=4
9
)
:
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
34
)
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
(
7
)
,
a
n
d
alu
m
n
i
(
8
)
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
9
8
-
1
4
0
6
1400
th
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
,
tar
g
etin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
d
in
o
r
r
ec
en
tly
co
m
p
leted
th
e
th
esis
/in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
al
u
m
n
i)
o
r
th
o
s
e
d
ir
ec
tly
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
g
r
a
d
u
ate
r
esear
ch
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
(
f
ac
u
lty
)
.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
en
s
u
r
e
d
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
c
h
alle
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
an
tag
e
p
o
in
ts
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
ev
a
lua
t
io
n (
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
ph
a
s
e
)
Fo
r
th
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e,
a
s
ep
ar
ate
c
o
h
o
r
t
o
f
f
iv
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
ex
p
er
ts
(
n
=5
)
wer
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
ely
s
elec
ted
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
alig
n
ed
with
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
C
VI
)
.
Giv
en
t
h
e
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
,
C
VI
was
s
elec
ted
as
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
alid
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
d
esig
n
co
h
e
r
en
ce
p
r
io
r
to
f
ield
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tr
in
g
e
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
ese
ex
p
er
ts
wer
e:
th
ey
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
5
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
b
o
th
g
r
ad
u
ate
-
le
v
el
teac
h
in
g
an
d
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
.
T
h
eir
co
llectiv
e
ex
p
e
r
tis
e
was
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
t
o
co
v
er
cr
u
cial
d
o
m
ain
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AI
,
an
d
E
DR
,
g
u
a
r
an
teein
g
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
2
.
E
m
pa
t
hize
:
un
dersta
nd
ing
u
s
er
needs
Stru
ctu
r
ed
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
th
e
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
s
ess
io
n
s
ex
p
lo
r
ed
r
esear
ch
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
co
n
tex
tu
al
ch
alle
n
g
es,
an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
io
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
r
ep
o
r
ted
lim
ited
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
tim
ely
g
u
id
an
ce
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
3
.
Def
ine:
identif
y
ing
co
re
pro
blem
s
a
nd
co
nte
x
t
Data
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
to
ex
tr
ac
t
p
atter
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
p
ar
ticip
an
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
e
v
ea
led
t
h
r
ee
cl
u
s
ter
s
:
i)
p
r
o
b
lem
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
u
n
clea
r
r
esear
ch
p
l
an
n
in
g
;
ii)
co
n
tex
t
-
r
elate
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
g
ap
s
an
d
ti
m
e
p
r
ess
u
r
es
;
an
d
iii)
n
ee
d
s
-
r
elate
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
em
p
h
asizin
g
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
a
n
d
e
x
e
m
p
l
a
r
s
.
T
h
is
a
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
en
s
u
r
ed
v
alid
ity
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
ab
ilit
y
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t w
ith
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
4
.
I
dea
t
e:
co
ncept
ua
lizing
inte
rv
ent
io
n desi
g
n
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
an
d
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
n
g
ag
ed
i
n
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
to
g
en
er
ate
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
wer
e
g
u
id
ed
b
y
ca
u
s
al
v
ar
iab
les
(
P:
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
Q:
co
n
tex
ts
,
R
:
n
ee
d
s
)
an
d
b
o
th
co
n
te
n
t
-
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
-
o
r
ien
te
d
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
tep
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
esig
n
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
v
alid
ity
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
5
.
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe:
dev
elo
pin
g
a
nd
re
f
ini
ng
t
he
co
a
ching
t
o
o
l
T
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
L
I
NE
o
f
f
icial
ac
co
u
n
t
(
L
I
NE
OA)
in
teg
r
ated
with
D
ialo
g
f
lo
w,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
atio
n
al
AI
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
GR
OW
m
o
d
el,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
g
o
als,
r
ea
lity
,
o
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
will
[
1
8
]
.
T
o
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
u
s
ab
i
lity
,
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
,
it
u
n
d
er
wen
t
ev
alu
atio
n
b
y
th
e
f
iv
e
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
ex
p
e
r
ts
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
u
tili
ze
d
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
b
ased
o
n
th
r
ee
c
r
iter
ia:
r
elev
an
ce
,
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
is
e
v
alu
atio
n
was
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
VI
an
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
(
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
an
d
r
ig
o
r
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
alig
n
s
with
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
th
co
m
in
g
t
est
p
h
ase
will
in
v
o
lv
e
f
ield
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
with
tar
g
et
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
am
in
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ic
al
s
k
ill ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
jec
t c
o
m
p
letio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
m
pa
t
hize
a
nd
def
ine pha
s
e
s
:
f
o
rm
ing
t
he
f
o
un
da
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
g
eth
er
with
i
n
ter
p
r
etiv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
co
m
b
in
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
t
ex
tu
alize
d
with
in
ex
is
tin
g
s
c
h
o
lar
s
h
ip
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
b
o
th
ev
id
en
ce
a
n
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
em
p
ath
ize
p
h
ase
r
ev
ea
led
r
e
cu
r
r
in
g
ch
alle
n
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
,
an
d
alu
m
n
i:
lim
ited
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ex
p
e
r
tis
e,
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
in
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
Facu
lty
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
em
p
h
asized
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
lar
g
e
s
tu
d
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
wh
ile
alu
m
n
i
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
m
en
to
r
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Su
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
ea
r
lier
wo
r
k
th
at
h
as
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
e
ce
n
tr
ality
o
f
t
im
ely
,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
in
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
attr
i
tio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
s
u
cc
ess
[
2
1
].
T
h
e
d
e
f
in
e
p
h
ase
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
clar
if
ied
th
ese
is
s
u
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
em
atic
a
n
aly
s
is
,
g
en
e
r
a
tin
g
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
b
ar
r
ie
r
s
:
p
r
o
b
l
em
-
r
elate
d
,
co
n
te
x
t
-
r
elate
d
,
a
n
d
n
ee
d
s
-
r
elate
d
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
d
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
r
o
to
typ
e
d
ev
elo
p
me
n
t o
f a
n
A
I
-
p
o
w
ered
co
n
ve
r
s
a
tio
n
a
l c
o
a
ch
in
g
s
ystem
fo
r
…
(
Un
ya
p
a
r
n
S
in
la
p
a
n
in
ma
n
)
1401
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
am
p
le
q
u
o
tatio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ec
h
o
L
iar
d
et
[2
2
]
,
w
h
o
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
h
ig
h
e
r
d
eg
r
ee
r
esear
ch
ca
n
d
id
ates
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
s
tr
u
g
g
le
with
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
in
t
o
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
esear
ch
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
o
f
ten
r
eq
u
ir
e
e
x
e
m
p
lar
s
to
g
u
i
d
e
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
em
es e
m
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
an
aly
s
is
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
M
a
i
n
c
o
d
e
S
u
b
-
c
o
d
e
s
/
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
Ex
a
m
p
l
e
q
u
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
La
c
k
o
f
ED
R
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
I
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
w
i
t
h
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
“
I
h
a
v
e
n
o
g
r
a
s
p
o
f
ED
R
,
s
o
I
c
a
n
n
o
t
mo
v
e
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
w
i
t
h
m
y
t
h
e
si
s
.
”
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
Lo
w
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
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r
elev
an
ce
,
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
a
n
d
p
r
ac
ticality
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
f
ec
t
co
n
s
e
n
s
u
s
,
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
an
1
1
-
item
r
u
b
r
ic
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le,
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
h
o
m
o
g
en
eit
y
o
f
th
e
f
i
v
e
-
m
em
b
e
r
ex
p
er
t
p
an
el
—
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esi
g
n
,
an
d
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
ah
m
at
et
a
l.
[
28
]
,
a
C
VI
o
f
1
.
0
0
is
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
th
r
esh
o
l
d
f
o
r
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
ts
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
h
ig
h
u
s
ab
ilit
y
m
ea
n
o
f
4
.
5
6
(
SD=0
.
5
0
)
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
a
lo
n
g
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
q
u
alitativ
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
s
u
g
g
est
th
e
d
esig
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
a
d
d
r
ess
es
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
im
m
ed
iate,
an
d
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
R
ev
i
ewe
r
s
em
p
h
asized
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
atb
o
t
’
s
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
m
en
to
r
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es,
wh
i
ch
alig
n
s
with
liter
atu
r
e
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
AI
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
s
ca
lab
le,
tim
ely
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
i
n
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
o
s
itio
n
s
th
e
AI
s
y
s
tem
n
o
t
as
a
s
u
b
s
titu
te
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
ad
v
is
o
r
s
,
b
u
t
as
a
co
-
m
e
n
to
r
th
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
ally
e
x
ten
d
s
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
ca
p
ac
ity
—
a
cr
itical
n
ee
d
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
in
h
er
e
n
t
lim
itatio
n
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
,
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
ly
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
o
v
elty
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
n
o
t
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
ch
atb
o
ts
p
er
s
e,
b
u
t
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
o
f
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
ch
allen
g
es
in
to
d
esig
n
p
r
in
ci
p
les,
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
GR
O
W
co
ac
h
in
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
an
d
v
alid
ated
v
ia
E
DR
[
29
]
.
U
n
lik
e
p
r
io
r
AI
tu
to
r
in
g
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
em
p
h
asize
co
n
ten
t
d
eliv
er
y
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
eg
r
o
u
n
d
s
r
ef
lec
tiv
e
co
ac
h
in
g
an
d
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
as c
o
r
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
n
o
v
elty
a
n
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
s
tem
f
r
o
m
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates
E
DR
an
d
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
.
T
h
is
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
co
m
b
in
atio
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
co
n
tex
tu
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
lear
n
er
n
ee
d
s
,
m
o
v
in
g
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
b
ey
o
n
d
m
er
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
p
p
licatio
n
t
o
war
d
a
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
s
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
h
ig
h
ly
r
elev
an
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
k
ey
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
lies
in
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
GR
OW
co
ac
h
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
n
to
th
e
s
er
v
ice
-
o
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ted
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
wh
ich
co
m
b
i
n
es
L
I
NE
OA
an
d
G
o
o
g
le
Dialo
g
f
lo
w
(
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
Dialo
g
f
lo
w
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p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
with
in
te
n
ts
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es
o
f
GR
OW
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
u
s
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
2
5
2
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
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d
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c
,
Vo
l
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15
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
20
2
6
:
1
3
9
8
-
1
4
0
6
1404
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
co
ac
h
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
s
o
m
e
s
tatic,
p
r
e
-
p
ac
k
a
g
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
o
r
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
GR
OW
-
d
r
iv
en
f
lo
w
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
s
atio
n
’
s
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
r
em
ai
n
s
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
em
p
h
asizes
g
u
id
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
cy
cle,
wh
il
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
m
ain
tain
in
g
c
r
u
cial
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
etr
iev
in
g
s
to
r
ed
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
lo
g
g
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
d
ata.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
in
ter
f
a
ce
d
esig
n
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
lear
n
er
s
ac
ce
s
s
k
ey
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
eir
r
esear
c
h
jo
u
r
n
ey
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
’
s
s
u
cc
ess
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
lea
r
n
er
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
r
eso
n
ates
with
g
lo
b
al
ca
lls
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
i
d
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
ad
v
is
o
r
y
m
o
d
els
an
d
alig
n
s
with
r
ec
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
em
p
lo
y
LLM
-
p
o
wer
ed
ch
at
b
o
ts
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
co
n
v
er
s
a
tio
n
al
ex
p
lain
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
ad
v
is
o
r
y
m
o
d
els
ar
e
em
p
h
asized
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
].
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
in
te
r
f
ac
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
AI
-
p
o
we
r
ed
r
esear
ch
c
o
ac
h
in
g
s
y
s
tem
to
m
itig
ate
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ch
a
llen
g
es
in
g
r
ad
u
ate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
d
esig
n
th
i
n
k
in
g
with
E
DR
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
tr
an
s
lates
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
n
ee
d
s
in
t
o
a
p
r
ac
tical
m
o
d
el
th
at
f
o
s
ter
s
lear
n
er
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
ac
tice
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
GR
OW
co
ac
h
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
E
x
p
er
t
ev
alu
atio
n
s
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
ele
v
an
ce
,
af
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
AI
-
m
e
d
iated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
ten
d
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
co
ac
h
i
n
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
to
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
E
DR
len
s
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
,
it
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
ep
l
icab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
AI
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
.
Pra
ctica
lly
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
with
a
s
ca
lab
le
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
o
d
el
th
at
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ts
,
r
ath
er
th
an
r
ep
lace
s
,
h
u
m
an
a
d
v
is
o
r
s
,
th
e
r
eb
y
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
ca
p
ac
ity
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
th
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
cr
ea
tio
n
p
h
ase,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
iter
atio
n
s
will
in
v
o
lv
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
f
iel
d
test
in
g
to
ev
alu
ate
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
im
p
ac
t
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
Fu
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
a
n
aly
tics
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
p
latf
o
r
m
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
r
iv
e
in
clu
s
iv
e,
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
g
r
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AI
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0
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2
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.
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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o
b
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ed
v
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[
Go
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g
le
Dr
iv
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lin
k
]
with
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
Kala
s
in
Un
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er
s
ity
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
H
.
N
.
A
l
Y
a
h
ma
d
i
,
I
.
A
l
W
a
h
a
i
b
i
,
S
.
A
l
H
u
n
a
i
n
i
,
a
n
d
Y
.
N
.
A
l
H
u
sa
i
n
i
,
“
Th
e
sc
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e
n
t
i
f
i
c
r
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s
e
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h
c
o
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m
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a
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n
t
s
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n
O
m
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n
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u
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i
v
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si
t
i
e
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
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J
o
u
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f
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se
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rc
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d
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c
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f
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t
u
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s
,
v
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l
.
8
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n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
5
–
2
7
4
6
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
3
8
9
4
/
i
j
i
r
ss.
v
8
i
4
.
8
5
4
6
.
[
2
]
M
.
H
e
r
o
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
a
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
o
f
p
r
a
c
t
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t
h
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h
a
d
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sea
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h
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o
u
p
,
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S
t
u
d
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e
s
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n
G
ra
d
u
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e
a
n
d
P
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st
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o
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t
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Ed
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t
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o
n
,
v
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l
.
1
5
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
–
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7
2
,
A
u
g
.
2
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2
4
,
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:
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1
1
0
8
/
S
G
P
E
-
10
-
2
0
2
3
-
0
0
9
8
.
[
3
]
G
.
C
e
c
c
h
i
n
i
a
n
d
E.
P
r
o
i
e
t
t
i
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
i
n
E
u
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o
p
e
,
”
i
n
T
h
e
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
T
r
a
n
sf
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
H
i
g
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
,
E
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
,
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
S
.
C
a
p
o
g
n
a
a
n
d
F
.
G
r
e
c
o
,
E
d
s.
,
C
h
a
m:
S
p
r
i
n
g
e
r
N
a
t
u
r
e
S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
5
1
–
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,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
031
-
7
0
7
6
3
-
6
_
3
.
[
4
]
U
N
ESCO
,
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
:
Art
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
R
e
a
d
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n
e
s
s A
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
Re
p
o
rt
.
P
a
r
i
s:
U
N
ES
C
O
,
2
0
2
5
.
[
5
]
D
.
I
f
e
n
t
h
a
l
e
r
a
n
d
D
.
G
i
b
s
o
n
,
A
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
i
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
.
C
h
a
m:
S
p
r
i
n
g
e
r
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
0
3
0
-
4
7
3
9
2
-
1.
[
6
]
H
.
v
a
n
d
e
r
M
e
r
w
e
a
n
d
N
.
Te
r
b
l
a
n
c
h
e
,
“
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
n
s
i
t
y
t
o
u
s
e
a
n
A
I
c
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
c
h
a
t
b
o
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
c
e
n
t
r
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
W
o
rk
-
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
J
W
A
M
-
03
-
2
0
2
5
-
0
0
4
6
.
[
7
]
T.
B
r
o
w
n
,
C
h
a
n
g
e
b
y
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
h
o
w
d
e
si
g
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
n
e
w
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
f
o
r
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
H
a
r
p
e
r
C
o
l
l
i
n
s,
2009.
[
8
]
S
.
M
c
K
e
n
n
e
y
a
n
d
T
.
C
.
R
e
e
v
e
s,
“
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
si
g
n
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
:
p
o
r
t
r
a
y
i
n
g
,
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
sh
i
p
,
”
Me
d
i
c
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
t
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n
,
v
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l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
2
–
9
2
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
me
d
u
.
1
4
2
8
0
.
[
9
]
U
.
S
i
n
l
a
p
a
n
i
n
ma
n
a
n
d
W
.
Y
o
n
w
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l
a
d
,
“
A
I
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e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
r
e
sea
r
c
h
c
o
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c
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f
o
r
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d
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d
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:
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mi
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-
me
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me
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g
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f
f
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v
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,
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d
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a
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P
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.
2
0
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1
9
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5
3
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[
1
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