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t
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l J
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I
J
-
AI
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ttp
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y
sis.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dee
p
lear
n
in
g
Dep
r
ess
io
n
E
lectr
o
en
ce
p
h
al
o
g
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am
Facial
ex
p
r
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Sp
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ch
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s
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rticle
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d
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r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
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se
.
C
o
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r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Swath
y
J
ay
asre
e
C
am
b
r
id
g
e
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Vis
v
esv
er
a
y
a
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
Un
iv
er
s
ity
B
el
a
g
av
i
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
s
wath
y
j.c
s
e@
ca
m
b
r
id
g
e.
ed
u
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Dep
r
ess
io
n
is
a
co
m
p
lex
m
en
tal
illn
ess
th
at
im
p
ac
ts
a
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
em
o
tio
n
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
ts
,
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lth
[
1
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
lo
w
m
o
o
d
,
f
ee
lin
g
s
ad
,
em
o
tio
n
al
em
p
tin
ess
,
an
d
l
o
s
s
o
f
in
ter
est
th
at
ca
n
d
is
tu
r
b
d
aily
r
o
u
tin
es
an
d
ev
en
lead
to
s
u
icid
al
attem
p
ts
an
d
th
o
u
g
h
ts
[
2
]
.
Sy
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ca
n
in
clu
d
e
s
ad
n
ess
,
ir
r
itab
ilit
y
,
lack
o
f
en
jo
y
m
e
n
t
,
lo
s
s
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
m
em
o
r
y
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lty
,
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t lik
e
h
ea
d
ac
h
es a
n
d
r
etar
d
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
Dep
r
ess
io
n
is
class
if
ied
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
m
ajo
r
d
e
p
r
ess
iv
e
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
(
MD
D)
,
p
er
s
is
ten
t
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
d
is
o
r
d
er
(
PDD)
,
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
m
o
o
d
d
y
s
r
eg
u
lati
o
n
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
(
DM
DD)
,
p
r
e
m
en
s
tr
u
al
d
y
s
p
h
o
r
ic
d
is
o
r
d
er
(
PMDD)
,
s
ea
s
o
n
al
af
f
ec
tiv
e
d
is
o
r
d
er
(
SAD)
,
p
r
en
atal
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
p
o
s
tp
ar
t
u
m
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
[
3
]
.
E
ac
h
ty
p
e
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
;
m
a
jo
r
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
ep
is
o
d
es
co
n
tin
u
e
f
o
r
a
m
in
im
u
m
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
two
wee
k
s
.
T
h
e
ca
u
s
es o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ar
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
g
en
etics
,
p
r
e
n
atal
s
tr
ess
an
d
ep
ig
en
etics
,
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
f
am
ily
d
y
n
am
ics
,
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
,
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
u
s
e
,
u
n
h
ea
lth
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
an
d
ea
r
ly
-
life
tr
au
m
a.
A
m
o
th
e
r
’
s
m
ater
n
al
s
tr
ess
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
f
etal
b
r
ain
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
,
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
m
o
o
d
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
in
later
s
tag
es o
f
life
[
4
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
W
HO)
,
an
esti
m
ated
3
0
0
m
illi
o
n
p
e
o
p
le
g
lo
b
ally
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
th
e
w
o
r
ld
’
s
m
ajo
r
ca
u
s
e
o
f
d
is
ab
ilit
y
[
5
]
.
Giv
en
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
ca
s
es,
th
er
e
is
an
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
esp
ec
ially
in
m
in
o
r
ca
s
es,
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
u
f
f
er
i
n
g
an
d
s
p
ee
d
u
p
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
C
u
r
r
en
t
d
iag
n
o
s
is
m
eth
o
d
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
ep
en
d
o
n
clin
ical
in
ter
v
iews,
s
u
ch
as
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
n
d
f
u
lly
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
[
6
]
,
wh
ic
h
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
6
:
1
9
4
7
-
1
9
5
4
1948
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
e
r
tis
e
o
f
d
o
ct
o
r
s
,
as
well
as
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
h
av
e
led
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
e
cto
r
m
ac
h
in
e
(
SVM)
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
s
h
av
e
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
p
r
ed
ictio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
task
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
ee
p
lea
r
n
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
et
wo
r
k
s
(
C
NNs)
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
R
NNs)
ca
n
ex
tr
ac
t
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
f
ea
tu
r
es
au
to
m
atica
lly
f
r
o
m
m
ed
ical
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as
b
io
s
ig
n
als
,
m
ag
n
etic
r
eso
n
an
ce
im
ag
in
g
(
MRI
)
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
m
ag
n
etic
r
eso
n
an
ce
im
a
g
in
g
(
f
MRI
)
,
an
d
p
o
s
itro
n
em
is
s
io
n
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
(
PET
)
s
ca
n
s
,
with
less
m
an
u
al
ef
f
o
r
t.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
u
n
im
o
d
al
an
d
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Un
im
o
d
al
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
s
in
g
le
m
o
d
alities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
ac
ial
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
[
9
]
,
s
p
ee
ch
[
1
0
]
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
EEG
)
[
1
1
]
,
a
n
d
th
e
m
u
ltimo
d
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
4
]
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
m
u
ltip
le
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
n
im
o
d
al
an
d
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
u
r
v
ey
.
I
n
u
n
i
m
o
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
s
p
ee
ch
an
d
E
E
G
ar
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
with
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
u
tili
zin
g
C
NNs
f
o
r
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
a
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
n
etwo
r
k
(
L
STM
)
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
o
t
h
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
with
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
ea
tu
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
lim
itatio
n
o
f
u
n
im
o
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
is
th
eir
in
ab
ilit
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
m
u
ltip
le
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
d
ep
r
es
s
io
n
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
f
ail
to
u
tili
ze
th
e
co
m
p
lete
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
NN,
L
STM
,
an
d
an
y
o
th
er
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
with
th
e
tr
en
d
to
war
d
s
m
u
ltimo
d
ality
,
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
m
b
in
in
g
o
th
er
m
o
d
alities
,
esp
ec
ially
E
E
G,
s
p
ee
ch
,
f
ac
ial
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
,
an
d
ey
e
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltimo
d
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
r
ely
o
n
d
ed
icate
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
e
ac
h
m
o
d
ality
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
aim
s
to
p
r
esen
t
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es f
o
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
im
o
d
al
a
n
d
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
lass
if
icatio
n
o
f
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
t u
n
im
o
d
al
a
n
d
m
u
ltimo
d
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
u
s
ed
in
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etailed
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
u
n
im
o
d
al
an
d
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
u
s
in
g
d
ee
p
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
a
n
aly
s
is
en
ab
les
a
g
o
o
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wh
ile
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
th
e
g
ap
a
n
d
o
p
en
r
esear
ch
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
Fo
r
ea
c
h
s
tu
d
y
,
we
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
,
d
atasets
,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
g
ap
as f
o
llo
ws.
2
.
1
.
Unim
o
da
l
m
et
ho
ds
Du
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
e
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
ch
ain
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
o
d
el
is
a
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
s
p
ee
ch
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
in
te
g
r
at
es
L
STM
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
a
o
n
e
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
C
NN
to
ex
tr
ac
t f
ea
tu
r
es r
elate
d
to
b
o
th
s
p
ee
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
ab
o
u
t
v
er
b
al
s
ig
n
s
r
elate
d
to
r
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
I
n
2
0
2
2
,
R
e
jaib
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
esen
t
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
Mel
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ce
p
s
tr
al
co
e
f
f
icien
t
(
MFC
C
)
an
d
a
d
ee
p
lear
n
i
n
g
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ed
L
ST
M
m
o
d
u
les
to
d
er
iv
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
s
p
ee
ch
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Un
imo
d
a
l a
n
d
mu
ltimo
d
a
l te
c
h
n
iq
u
es fo
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
:
a
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
s
u
r
ve
y
(
S
w
a
th
y
Ja
ya
s
r
ee
)
1949
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
d
e
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
ig
n
als.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
au
d
io
s
eg
m
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
with
MF
C
C
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
p
r
esen
ts
a
tim
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
f
etch
es
th
e
s
p
ee
ch
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
t
o
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
d
ee
p
l
ea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
c
o
m
b
in
es
a
m
o
d
if
ie
d
v
is
u
al
g
eo
m
etr
y
g
r
o
u
p
(
VGG
)
-
1
6
m
o
d
el
,
L
STM
,
a
n
d
f
ast
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
FF
T
)
to
id
en
tify
s
tr
ess
in
v
o
ice
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
FF
T
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
ch
a
n
g
es
r
elate
d
to
s
tr
ess
b
y
s
p
litt
in
g
th
e
v
o
ice
in
to
its
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
L
STM
g
iv
es
a
b
etter
co
n
tex
tu
al
an
al
y
s
is
b
y
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
M
el
-
f
ilter
b
an
k
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
VGG1
6
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
th
en
u
s
ed
t
o
class
if
y
th
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
tiatin
g
s
tr
ess
-
r
elate
d
s
p
ee
ch
p
atter
n
s
.
Sar
d
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
p
r
esen
t
a
m
o
d
el
C
NN
-
b
ased
au
to
en
co
d
er
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
au
t
o
m
atica
lly
f
etch
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t f
e
atu
r
es
f
r
o
m
s
p
ee
c
h
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
m
an
u
al
ef
f
o
r
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
allo
ws th
e
au
to
e
n
c
o
d
er
to
r
etr
iev
e
d
e
p
r
ess
iv
e
p
at
ter
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
p
ee
ch
.
Srim
ad
h
u
r
a
n
d
L
alith
a
[
1
9
]
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
a
C
NN
an
d
an
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
C
NN.
C
NN
wo
r
k
s
wi
th
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
s
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
s
p
ee
ch
;
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
C
NN
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
s
p
ee
ch
in
p
u
t.
Fo
r
f
etch
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
,
b
o
t
h
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
e
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
lay
er
s
an
d
m
ax
-
p
o
o
lin
g
lay
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
g
iv
es
a
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
,
s
u
ch
as
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
p
ea
k
er
v
o
lu
m
e
th
at
im
p
ac
t
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Yin
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
p
ee
ch
-
b
ased
m
o
d
el
th
at
is
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
a
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
with
a
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
C
NN.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
u
s
es
two
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
lo
w
-
lev
el
MFC
C
attr
ib
u
tes
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
tr
ea
m
an
d
th
e
p
ar
allel
C
NN.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
tr
ea
m
u
s
es
lin
ea
r
atten
tio
n
to
f
etch
th
e
lo
n
g
-
r
an
g
e
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
th
e
p
ar
allel
C
NN
f
etch
es
lo
ca
lized
au
d
ib
le
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
es
e
m
o
d
u
les
is
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
en
s
e
a
n
d
So
f
tMa
x
la
y
er
s
f
o
r
class
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
in
t
eg
r
ated
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
p
er
m
its
th
e
m
o
d
el
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
o
th
g
lo
b
al
an
d
lo
ca
l
s
p
ee
ch
f
ea
tu
r
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
.
R
o
m
er
o
an
d
An
to
lín
[
2
1
]
p
r
esen
t
a
n
en
s
em
b
le
C
NN
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
au
to
m
a
tically
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ee
c
h
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
lo
g
-
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
s
ex
tr
ac
te
d
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
-
s
ec
o
n
d
a
u
d
io
clip
s
t
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
e
v
o
ca
l
t
r
aits
r
elate
d
to
b
o
th
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es.
A
s
er
ies
o
f
C
NN
m
o
d
els
is
tr
ain
ed
,
an
d
th
ese
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
u
s
in
g
en
s
em
b
le
av
er
a
g
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
n
2
0
2
1
,
Das
an
d
Nask
ar
[
2
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
th
at
in
te
g
r
ates
MFC
C
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
wit
h
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
a
m
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ic
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
p
ec
tr
o
C
NN
.
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
f
ilter
in
g
an
d
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
MFC
C
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
a
r
e
th
en
f
ed
in
to
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
n
am
ed
d
o
n
o
t
d
is
tu
r
b
n
etwo
r
k
(
DND
Net
)
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
in
ar
y
class
if
icatio
n
.
Z
h
u
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
g
r
a
p
h
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
a
g
r
a
p
h
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
G
C
N)
ca
lled
th
e
g
r
ap
h
in
p
u
t
lay
er
atten
tio
n
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
.
E
E
G
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
1
2
8
‑
ch
an
n
el
Hy
d
r
o
C
el
Geo
d
esic
Sen
s
o
r
Net
(
HC
GSN)
.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
a
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
a
n
d
d
en
s
ity
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
te
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
5
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
f
in
al
d
esig
n
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
GC
N
lay
er
s
with
leak
y
r
e
ctif
ied
lin
ea
r
u
n
it
(
L
ea
k
y
R
eL
U
)
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
b
a
t
ch
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
d
e
n
s
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
l
a
y
e
r
f
o
r
f
i
n
a
l
cl
a
s
s
i
f
ic
a
t
io
n
.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
u
lti
-
task
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
;
th
is
m
o
d
el
u
s
es
FFT
,
C
NN
,
an
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
en
c
o
d
er
s
to
i
d
en
tify
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
L
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
p
r
esen
t
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
E
E
G;
f
u
zz
y
la
b
elin
g
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
b
r
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
v
ity
,
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
p
h
ase
lag
i
n
d
ex
(
PLI
)
g
iv
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
in
E
E
G
d
ata.
A
p
r
o
ject
m
atr
ix
is
u
s
ed
to
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
ality
o
f
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
,
an
d
a
s
p
ar
s
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
id
e
n
tifie
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
ea
tu
r
es.
A
SVM
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
in
al
class
if
icatio
n
.
Sh
ao
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
an
d
ce
n
tr
alize
d
lea
r
n
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
m
ai
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
R
eg
io
n
alC
alcu
latio
n
Net
an
d
Glo
b
alC
alcu
latio
n
Net.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
u
le
,
E
E
G
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
class
if
ied
b
ased
o
n
b
r
ain
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
an
d
s
p
a
tial
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
tar
g
eted
atten
tio
n
an
d
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
th
en
g
iv
en
to
th
e
Glo
b
alC
alcu
latio
n
Net
,
wh
ich
u
s
es
a
m
u
lti
-
h
ea
d
atten
tio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
to
id
en
tify
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
v
er
th
e
b
r
ain
.
Re
n
a
n
d
S
o
n
g
[
2
7
]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
g
r
a
p
h
-
b
a
s
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
o
l
l
e
cti
n
g
E
E
G
r
e
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
1
2
8
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
E
E
G
s
i
g
n
a
ls
i
n
t
o
b
r
a
i
n
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
a
t
b
o
t
h
i
n
d
i
v
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d
u
a
l
a
n
d
g
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u
p
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e
v
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s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
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n
t
e
n
t
r
o
p
i
es
al
o
n
g
w
it
h
g
r
a
p
h
-
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
.
A
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
d
e
e
p
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
c
a
ll
e
d
p
h
y
s
i
c
s
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
g
r
a
p
h
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
wo
r
k
(
P
-
I
-
GAT
)
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
g
r
a
p
h
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
(
G
A
T
)
,
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
s
m
u
l
t
i
-
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
c
s
p
a
ti
a
l
a
tt
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
b
r
a
i
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
i
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
ll
o
w
s
f
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
y
c
a
p
t
u
r
i
n
g
n
a
r
r
o
w
s
p
a
t
i
o
t
e
m
p
o
r
al
E
E
G
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
t
h
a
t
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
.
H
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
d
e
ep
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
t
u
r
e
ca
l
l
e
d
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
tw
e
i
g
h
t
c
o
n
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
L
C
T
N
N
)
a
i
m
e
d
at
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
E
E
G
d
a
t
a
.
T
h
e
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
ct
u
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts
:
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
u
s
e
s
H
jo
r
t
h
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
t
o
m
o
d
i
f
y
t
h
e
w
e
i
g
h
ts
o
f
E
E
G
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
;
t
h
e
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
-
s
p
a
t
ial
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
,
w
h
i
c
h
g
i
v
e
s
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
a
n
d
s
p
a
ti
a
l
d
e
t
a
i
ls
.
T
h
e
s
p
a
r
s
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
m
p
li
f
i
es
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
p
o
o
l
,
w
h
i
c
h
e
l
i
m
in
a
t
e
s
non
-
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
.
R
a
f
i
e
i
et
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
M
D
D
u
s
i
n
g
E
E
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
I
n
c
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p
t
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o
n
T
i
m
e
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
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,
i
n
c
o
r
p
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g
s
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x
i
n
c
e
p
t
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m
o
d
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l
e
s
,
in
t
e
g
r
a
t
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g
b
o
t
t
l
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n
e
ck
l
a
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e
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s
,
a
n
d
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m
p
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o
y
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n
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f
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en
g
t
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f
1
0
,
20
,
a
n
d
4
0
t
o
c
a
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r
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b
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s
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o
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o
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v
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p
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f
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s
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a
t
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m
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e
(
M
A
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)
,
c
o
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ti
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c
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f
f
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t
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is
,
a
n
d
b
a
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k
w
a
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d
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l
i
m
in
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
.
S
e
a
l
et
a
l
.
[
3
0
]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
m
o
d
e
l
t
o
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
e
d
e
p
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ess
i
o
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f
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o
m
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d
a
t
a
.
T
h
i
s
m
o
d
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s
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o
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n
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p
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3
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p
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[
3
4
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p
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[
3
5
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p
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[
3
6
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p
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L
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Par
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[
3
7
]
p
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ajaw
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[
3
8
]
p
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id
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[
3
9
]
in
t
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ltimo
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p
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s
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Z
h
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g
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4
0
]
p
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t a
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
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i
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en
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d
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p
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in
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id
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u
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tech
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iq
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with
ad
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ec
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s
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r
k
ar
c
h
i
tectu
r
e
an
aly
ze
s
f
ac
ial
v
id
eo
f
r
a
m
es,
au
d
io
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
s
,
an
d
MFC
C
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
d
e
d
icate
d
b
r
an
ch
es
u
s
in
g
C
NNs
an
d
B
i
-
L
STM
s
to
ex
tr
ac
t
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ial
attr
ib
u
tes
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
icr
o
-
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
d
y
n
am
ics
p
r
esen
t
in
v
id
eo
f
r
a
m
es,
wh
ile
th
e
au
d
io
b
r
an
ch
es
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
s
p
ee
ch
p
atter
n
s
ig
n
als
u
s
in
g
MF
C
C
s
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
p
atter
n
s
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
tr
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
d
y
n
am
ic
f
u
s
io
n
v
ia
th
e
atten
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
f
u
s
io
n
(
ADF)
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
ich
a
d
ap
tiv
ely
weig
h
s
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
s
p
ec
if
i
c
to
ea
ch
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
tar
g
eted
f
e
atu
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
with
o
u
t
i
n
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
ataset
s
ize
an
d
alig
n
s
s
em
an
tic
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies th
r
o
u
g
h
atten
tio
n
m
e
ch
an
is
m
s
.
Z
h
u
et
a
l.
[
4
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
u
ltimo
d
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
n
etwo
r
k
(
MT
Net)
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
etec
tin
g
m
ild
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
E
E
G
an
d
ey
e
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
em
p
l
o
y
s
s
tatis
ti
ca
l
f
ea
tu
r
es,
Hjo
r
th
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
a
n
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
d
escr
ip
to
r
s
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
E
E
G
s
ig
n
als,
to
g
et
h
er
with
ey
e
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
etr
ics
s
u
c
h
as
f
ix
atio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
ar
ea
o
f
in
ter
est
(
AOI
)
s
am
p
le
p
er
ce
n
tag
es,
an
d
f
ix
atio
n
d
u
r
atio
n
.
F
ea
tu
r
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
th
ese
m
o
d
alities
ar
e
e
n
co
d
e
d
an
d
f
u
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
b
ased
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
w
h
ich
ca
p
tu
r
es
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies
b
o
th
with
in
an
d
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
m
o
d
alities
.
MT
Net
u
s
es
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
u
s
io
n
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
t
h
e
d
ataset
s
ize
co
n
s
tan
t,
an
d
its
d
esig
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
em
an
tic
alig
n
m
en
t
b
e
twee
n
n
eu
r
o
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
class
if
icatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ar
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I
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tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Un
imo
d
a
l a
n
d
mu
ltimo
d
a
l te
c
h
n
iq
u
es fo
r
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
:
a
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
s
u
r
ve
y
(
S
w
a
th
y
Ja
ya
s
r
ee
)
1951
Ud
d
in
et
a
l.
[
4
2
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
m
u
ltimo
d
al
n
etwo
r
k
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
au
to
m
atica
lly
,
m
er
g
in
g
v
id
eo
-
b
ased
f
ac
ial
m
o
v
em
en
ts
with
ac
o
u
s
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ial
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
n
ce
p
tio
n
-
R
esNet
-
V2
m
o
d
el,
wh
ile
t
h
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
v
o
lu
m
e
lo
ca
l
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
p
atter
n
d
escr
ip
to
r
ca
p
tu
r
es c
h
an
g
es o
v
e
r
tim
e.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tib
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
es
a
1
D
r
esid
u
al
C
NN
to
i
d
en
tify
l
o
ca
l
ac
o
u
s
tic
p
atter
n
s
f
r
o
m
an
e
n
co
d
e
r
-
d
ec
o
d
er
Bi
-
L
STM
to
an
aly
ze
tem
p
o
r
al
s
p
ee
ch
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
B
o
th
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
tem
p
o
r
al
atten
t
iv
e
p
o
o
lin
g
,
wh
ich
g
iv
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
tem
p
o
r
al
s
eg
m
en
ts
an
d
ar
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltimo
d
al
f
ac
to
r
ized
b
ilin
ea
r
p
o
o
lin
g
t
o
s
m
o
o
t
h
cr
o
s
s
-
m
o
d
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
J
in
et
a
l.
[
4
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
o
d
e
l
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
f
ac
ial
an
d
a
u
d
io
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ial
v
id
eo
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
n
e
two
r
k
th
at
in
clu
d
es
an
atten
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
o
th
g
lo
b
al
an
d
lo
ca
l
p
atter
n
s
.
Attr
ib
u
tes
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
au
d
io
a
r
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
MF
C
C
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
n
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
g
r
ap
h
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
with
a
GC
N
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
with
L
STM
.
Hem
alath
a
et
a
l.
[
4
4
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
s
p
ee
ch
an
d
ey
e
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
ey
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
g
iv
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
c
u
es
with
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
asp
ec
ts
.
Sp
ee
ch
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
u
s
in
g
MFC
C
al
o
n
g
with
r
h
y
th
m
ic
m
ar
k
er
s
s
u
ch
as
p
itch
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
em
o
tio
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
a
m
u
ltimo
d
al
C
NN
u
s
in
g
an
SVM
class
if
ier
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
s
p
ee
ch
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
XGBo
o
s
t f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
ey
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l.
[
4
5
]
p
r
esen
t
a
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
v
i
d
eo
,
au
d
io
,
an
d
tex
tu
al
d
ata.
Sp
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
ltit
ask
ca
s
c
ad
ed
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
a
n
d
R
esNet
-
1
8
.
Au
d
i
o
s
p
ec
to
g
r
am
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ate
d
with
L
ib
r
o
s
a
a
n
d
e
n
co
d
e
d
u
s
in
g
R
estNet
-
1
8
.
E
ac
h
d
ata
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ed
icate
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
C
NN
,
R
NN,
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
an
d
m
u
lti
lay
er
p
er
ce
p
tr
o
n
(
ML
P)
.
So
liem
an
an
d
Pu
s
to
ze
r
o
v
[
4
6
]
p
r
esen
t
a
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
th
at
u
s
es
b
o
th
tex
t
an
d
au
d
io
.
T
h
e
tex
tu
al
d
ata
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
NL
P),
th
en
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
NN
an
d
L
STM
t
o
m
ain
tain
s
em
an
tic
an
d
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
.
A
b
r
ief
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltimo
d
al
m
eth
o
d
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
d
iag
n
o
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
u
n
im
o
d
al
m
eth
o
d
S
l
.
N
o
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
D
a
t
a
s
e
t
M
e
t
h
o
d
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
g
a
p
1.
S
p
e
e
c
h
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z,
M
O
D
M
A
[
1
5
]
C
N
N
+
LST
M
O
v
e
r
r
e
l
i
a
n
c
e
o
n
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z,
R
A
V
D
ESS
,
AVi
-
D
[
1
6
]
LSTM
+
Tr
a
n
sf
e
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
n
o
i
s
y
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
mal
sp
e
e
c
h
S
EM
A
I
N
E
[
1
7
]
F
F
T+
LST
M
+
V
G
G
-
16
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
s
a
l
l
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
t
a
t
e
s
i
n
t
o
“
st
r
e
ss
”
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z
[
1
8
]
C
N
N
-
A
E+
S
V
M
M
a
n
u
a
l
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
st
i
l
l
c
o
mm
o
n
:
o
v
e
r
f
i
t
t
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z,
A
V
EC
[
1
9
]
S
p
e
c
t
r
o
g
r
a
m
-
b
a
s
e
d
C
N
N
a
n
d
e
n
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
C
N
N
P
o
o
r
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
s
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z,
M
O
D
M
A
[
2
0
]
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer+
C
N
N
H
i
g
h
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
s
t
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z
[
2
1
]
C
N
N
+
E
n
sem
b
l
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
D
A
I
C
-
W
O
Z,
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A
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