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n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
n
a
g
lo
b
al
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
,
p
o
ll
in
atio
n
,
an
d
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
y
I
n
ter
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
Scien
ce
-
Po
licy
Platfo
r
m
o
n
B
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
E
co
s
y
s
tem
Ser
v
ices
(
I
PB
E
S
)
also
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
atten
tio
n
to
d
ata
g
ap
s
an
d
em
p
h
asized
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
it
is
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
e
ar
ea
s
[
2
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
r
ev
ea
led
in
d
icati
o
n
s
o
f
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
n
atu
r
al
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
g
l
o
b
ally
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
g
en
etica
lly
m
o
d
if
ied
(
GM
)
cr
o
p
s
,
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
in
v
asiv
e
s
p
ec
ies,
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
f
p
esti
cid
es,
th
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
an
d
in
ten
s
if
icatio
n
o
f
ag
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
p
a
r
asit
es,
an
d
m
an
y
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
all
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
th
e
d
ec
lin
e
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
[
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
h
ab
itat
lo
s
s
an
d
f
r
ag
m
e
n
tatio
n
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
b
y
h
u
m
a
n
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
u
c
h
as
g
r
ea
ter
in
ten
s
if
icatio
n
,
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
th
e
d
ec
lin
e
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
ly
,
p
o
llin
atio
n
is
o
n
e
co
m
m
o
n
ec
o
l
o
g
ical
s
er
v
ice
an
d
f
u
n
c
tio
n
th
at
is
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
lan
d
s
ca
p
es in
f
l
u
en
c
ed
b
y
p
eo
p
le
[
4
]
.
I
n
h
u
m
a
n
-
alter
ed
h
ab
itats
,
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
f
lo
we
r
in
g
p
lan
ts
—
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
tr
aits
—
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
d
r
iv
e
n
to
lo
ca
l e
x
tin
ctio
n
o
r
d
r
asti
ca
lly
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
am
id
h
ig
h
ly
f
r
ag
m
en
te
d
f
o
r
est
r
em
n
an
t
la
n
d
s
ca
p
es,
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ically
is
o
lated
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
im
p
ed
e
p
o
ll
en
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
h
en
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
p
lan
t
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
5
]
.
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
h
as
a
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
ef
f
ec
t o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
a
b
u
n
d
an
ce
,
b
u
t
it
i
s
also
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ca
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ec
lin
e
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
p
o
p
u
l
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
lo
s
s
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
s
h
if
ts
in
lan
d
u
s
e,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
g
r
o
c
h
em
icals,
an
d
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
r
a
u
to
m
ate
d
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
[
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
p
o
llin
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
i)
W
in
d
-
p
o
llin
ated
:
if
f
lo
wer
is
win
d
-
p
o
llin
ated
,
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
d
ir
ec
ts
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
w
h
er
e
th
e
win
d
ca
r
r
ies th
e
p
o
llen
to
an
o
th
er
f
l
o
wer
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
ii)
An
im
al
-
p
o
llin
ated
:
if
f
lo
we
r
i
s
n
o
t
win
d
-
p
o
llin
ated
,
th
e
n
e
x
t
q
u
esti
o
n
ask
s
if
it
is
an
im
al
-
p
o
llin
ated
.
I
f
i
t
is
,
an
an
im
al
(
m
o
s
t
lik
ely
an
i
n
s
ec
t)
v
is
its
f
lo
wer
f
o
r
n
ec
ta
r
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
v
is
it,
p
o
llen
s
tick
s
to
th
e
an
im
al.
W
h
en
an
im
al
v
is
its
an
o
th
er
f
l
o
wer
,
th
e
p
o
llen
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
to
th
is
s
ec
o
n
d
f
lo
wer
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
iii)
Self
-
p
o
llin
atio
n
:
if
th
e
f
lo
w
er
is
n
o
t
an
im
al
-
p
o
llin
ated
(
an
d
b
y
ex
te
n
s
io
n
,
n
o
t
win
d
-
p
o
llin
ated
)
,
s
elf
-
p
o
llin
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
f
lo
wer
,
lead
in
g
to
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Po
llin
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
6
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
0
1682
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
h
av
e
i
n
d
icate
d
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
y
h
u
m
an
s
th
at
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
is
c
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
o
n
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
p
lan
ts
a
n
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
u
t
o
u
t.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
to
ch
an
g
es
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e.
A
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
h
en
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
lan
ts
an
d
an
im
al
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
at
s
p
r
in
g
e
v
en
ts
o
cc
u
r
2
.
3
d
ay
s
s
o
o
n
er
o
n
av
er
a
g
e
wo
r
ld
wid
e
an
d
th
at
s
p
ec
ies
r
an
g
e
m
o
v
es
to
war
d
s
th
e
p
o
les
at
a
p
ac
e
o
f
6
.
1
k
m
p
er
d
ec
ad
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
ev
id
e
n
ce
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
th
is
ar
g
u
m
en
t.
As
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
r
is
e,
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
al
ter
atio
n
s
in
tr
o
p
h
ic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
f
lu
x
e
s
in
p
lan
t
-
h
er
b
iv
o
r
e
an
d
p
r
e
d
a
to
r
-
p
r
e
y
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
h
asn
'
t
b
ee
n
a
co
m
m
en
s
u
r
ate
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
in
th
e
d
ate
o
f
p
lan
t
b
lo
s
s
o
m
in
g
,
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
tem
p
o
r
al
s
h
if
t
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
em
er
g
en
ce
in
alp
in
e
s
ettin
g
s
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
a
l,
p
lan
ts
th
at
g
et
in
s
ec
t
p
o
llin
atio
n
r
ea
ct
to
h
ea
t
m
o
r
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
th
an
p
lan
ts
th
at
r
ec
eiv
e
win
d
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
Stu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ea
r
ly
-
b
lo
o
m
in
g
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
th
ese
p
lan
ts
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
-
s
en
s
itiv
e.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
h
en
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
es
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
p
ec
ies.
Stro
n
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
g
at
h
er
ed
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
f
ew
d
ec
a
d
es
th
at
m
an
y
p
lan
t
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
in
E
u
r
o
p
e
h
av
e
s
ee
n
lo
n
g
er
g
r
o
win
g
s
ea
s
o
n
s
.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
is
h
av
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
lan
ts
'
p
h
en
o
lo
g
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
wh
ich
m
ig
h
t
m
ak
e
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
to
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
th
eir
life
cy
cles
with
th
e
alter
ed
ti
m
in
g
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
m
o
n
t
h
o
f
f
lo
wer
in
g
o
r
th
e
m
o
n
t
h
s
b
ef
o
r
e
it
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
en
ce
m
en
t
o
f
b
lo
o
m
in
g
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
a
t
th
e
lin
k
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
m
m
en
ce
m
en
t
o
f
f
lo
wer
in
g
a
n
d
r
is
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
is
,
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
t,
lin
ea
r
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
d
is
co
v
er
y
m
a
y
af
f
ec
t
h
o
w
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
p
lan
ts
in
te
r
ac
t,
as
well
as
h
o
w
o
t
h
er
c
r
e
atu
r
es
in
ter
ac
t
with
p
lan
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
les,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
h
o
to
p
er
io
d
icity
,
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
,
s
o
il
h
u
m
id
it
y
,
an
d
s
n
o
wm
elt,
m
ig
h
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
f
lo
wer
i
n
g
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
ig
n
al
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
m
ay
p
o
te
n
tially
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
tr
ig
g
er
s
f
o
r
b
lo
o
m
in
g
.
B
ec
au
s
e
s
p
ec
ies
v
ar
y
in
th
eir
m
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ity
to
a
d
ap
t
to
ch
an
g
in
g
clim
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
it
is
an
ticip
ated
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
lan
t
an
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
ass
em
b
lag
es
wo
u
ld
s
h
if
t
in
m
an
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ca
les.
T
r
o
p
ical
s
p
ec
ies
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
liv
e
in
h
ab
itats
th
at
ar
e
eit
h
er
at
o
r
v
er
y
n
ea
r
th
eir
id
ea
l
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
e.
C
er
tain
s
p
ec
ies
m
ay
b
e
f
o
r
c
ed
to
r
elo
ca
te
to
co
o
ler
ar
ea
s
o
r
r
u
n
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
g
o
in
g
e
x
tin
ct
if
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
es f
u
r
th
er
.
B
ec
au
s
e
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
r
ea
ct
b
eh
av
io
r
ally
to
av
o
id
ex
tr
e
m
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
f
u
tu
r
e
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
m
ay
h
av
e
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial im
p
ac
t o
n
p
o
llin
atio
n
s
er
v
ices.
Sin
ce
m
o
s
t p
o
llin
ato
r
s
ar
e
in
s
ec
ts
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
h
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
eir
life
cy
cle,
g
r
o
wth
,
a
n
d
p
atter
n
s
o
f
ac
tiv
ity
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
eir
tin
y
s
ize
an
d
p
o
ik
ilo
th
er
m
ic
n
atu
r
e
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
es
o
f
th
is
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
b
u
tter
f
lies
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ate
o
f
th
e
b
u
tter
f
lies
'
f
ir
s
t
em
er
g
en
ce
wer
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
r
r
e
lated
.
C
lim
ate
cu
es
lik
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
wate
r
av
ailab
ilit
y
af
f
ec
t
wh
en
p
o
llin
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
.
I
n
s
ec
t
p
o
l
lin
ato
r
s
'
f
o
r
ag
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les
in
clu
d
e
wh
en
f
o
r
ag
in
g
b
eg
in
s
an
d
en
d
s
,
h
o
w
m
an
y
p
lan
ts
an
d
f
lo
wer
s
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
v
is
it,
an
d
h
o
w
m
an
y
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
th
er
e
ar
e
in
ea
ch
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
th
e
a
f
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
v
ar
ia
b
les,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
r
is
in
g
t
em
p
er
atu
r
es,
er
r
atic
r
ain
f
all
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
a
r
iab
les.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
th
at
o
v
e
r
8
0
%
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
task
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
in
s
ec
ts
.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
h
as a
d
etr
im
en
tal
ef
f
ec
t o
n
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
y
ield
a
n
d
m
i
g
h
t b
e
a
d
a
n
g
er
t
o
th
e
wo
r
ld
'
s
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
th
e
cr
itical
ec
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
in
g
lo
b
al
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
at
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
cr
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
elies
o
n
b
io
tic
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
W
ith
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
d
ec
lin
e
d
u
e
to
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
p
esti
cid
e
u
s
e,
h
ab
it
at
lo
s
s
,
an
d
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
th
e
r
e
is
a
p
r
ess
in
g
n
ee
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
m
itig
a
te
th
ese
im
p
ac
ts
.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
in
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
th
r
ea
ten
s
to
d
is
r
u
p
t
p
lan
t
-
p
o
llin
ato
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
y
alter
in
g
p
h
e
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
lead
in
g
to
m
is
m
atch
es
in
p
o
llin
atio
n
tim
in
g
an
d
jeo
p
ar
d
izin
g
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
f
ill
th
e
d
ata
g
ap
i
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
ied
r
eg
io
n
s
,
an
d
aim
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
cu
r
r
en
tly
lack
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
m
itig
atio
n
m
e
asu
r
es.
T
h
e
u
r
g
en
cy
o
f
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
ed
b
y
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
as
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
i
n
s
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ch
a
n
g
es.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
i
n
-
d
ep
th
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ca
u
s
es
b
eh
i
n
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
d
ec
lin
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
r
o
les
o
f
p
esti
cid
e
u
s
e,
h
a
b
i
tat
f
r
ag
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
clim
a
te
ch
an
g
e
,
th
e
r
eb
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
p
o
p
u
l
atio
n
s
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
b
io
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
u
r
g
e
n
t
n
e
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
eg
io
n
s
wh
er
e
d
ata
is
s
ca
r
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
tr
ess
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
g
l
o
b
al
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
h
an
g
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
cr
itically
e
v
alu
ates
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
clim
ate
c
h
an
g
e
m
itig
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
clim
ate
ad
ap
tatio
n
in
itiativ
es
in
to
p
o
llin
ato
r
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
p
lan
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
ese
v
ital
s
p
ec
ies in
th
e
n
o
r
th
e
r
n
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
C
lima
te
ch
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
llin
a
to
r
d
yn
a
mics:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
s
o
cia
l
med
ia
in
s
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
…
(
P
o
o
ja
Ha
d
ima
n
e
)
1683
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
2
.
1
.
E
x
is
t
ing
s
t
ud
ies
Glo
b
ally
,
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
io
d
iv
er
s
i
ty
is
d
ec
lin
in
g
at
a
r
ate
n
ev
er
s
ee
n
b
ef
o
r
e.
As
o
f
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w,
th
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
clin
e
ar
e
u
p
f
o
r
d
eb
ate.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ca
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
f
u
tu
r
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
i
n
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
en
ef
icial
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
r
esen
t
war
m
in
g
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
ass
em
b
lag
es
at
h
ig
h
er
latitu
d
e
s
is
b
ein
g
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Po
llin
ato
r
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
in
itiativ
es
s
o
m
etim
es
lack
clim
ate
ad
ap
tatio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
W
h
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
h
ea
lth
is
g
r
ea
tly
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
clim
ate
ch
a
n
g
e,
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
wr
itten
ab
o
u
t
v
ar
iety
at
th
e
g
en
etic,
s
p
ec
ies,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lev
els
h
as
b
ee
n
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
e
x
am
in
e
d
[
1
2
]
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at,
as
a
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
g
lo
b
al
wa
r
m
in
g
,
p
o
llin
ato
r
ass
em
b
lag
es
at
all
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
io
d
i
v
er
s
ity
lev
els
will
b
ec
o
m
e
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
ized
.
T
h
eir
r
esil
ien
ce
to
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
to
ch
asti
c
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
s
is
wea
k
en
ed
b
y
t
h
is
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
i
s
m
o
s
tly
n
o
ted
o
n
asp
ec
ts
o
f
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
th
at
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
s
u
c
h
as
g
en
etic
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
β
-
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
an
d
s
p
ec
ies
ev
e
n
n
ess
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
clim
ate
ch
a
n
g
e
—
lik
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
win
ter
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
an
e
x
ten
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
v
e
g
etativ
e
s
ea
s
o
n
,
an
d
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
ex
tr
em
e
wea
th
er
ev
e
n
ts
—
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
ie
d
d
esp
ite
h
av
in
g
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
o
llin
at
o
r
s
.
I
t
is
th
o
u
g
h
t
th
at
th
e
u
n
f
av
o
r
ab
le
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
io
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
ar
e
m
a
d
e
wo
r
s
e
in
E
u
r
o
p
e
an
d
th
e
Un
ited
States
(
US
)
b
y
th
e
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
o
f
u
n
if
o
r
m
an
d
f
r
a
g
m
en
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
es
o
f
th
is
ar
e
th
e
s
ca
r
city
o
f
r
an
g
e
-
s
h
if
tin
g
an
d
m
icr
o
clim
atic
b
u
f
f
e
r
in
g
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies.
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
an
d
v
ar
iety
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
s
ca
les n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
th
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
in
itiativ
es.
Scav
en
an
d
R
af
f
er
ty
[
7
]
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
d
ata
—
Fli
ck
r
im
ag
es
s
p
ec
if
ically
—
f
o
r
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
leis
u
r
e
tr
a
v
el
in
th
e
T
a
h
o
e
C
en
tr
al
Sier
r
a
I
n
itiativ
e
p
r
o
ject
r
eg
io
n
in
C
alif
o
r
n
ia.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
n
atu
r
al
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
leis
u
r
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
em
p
h
asizes
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
it
is
to
u
s
e
u
s
er
-
g
en
er
ate
d
co
n
ten
t
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
co
n
n
ec
t
with
n
atu
r
e.
Gh
er
m
an
d
i
et
a
l.
[
8
]
ce
n
ter
s
o
n
th
e
alter
atio
n
o
f
c
en
tr
al
Am
e
r
ica
n
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
with
th
e
aim
o
f
co
n
s
er
v
in
g
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
o
llin
atio
n
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
l
an
n
in
g
as
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
clim
at
e
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es.
T
o
d
o
th
is
,
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
eser
v
o
ir
an
d
r
esto
r
atio
n
s
ites
ar
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
,
an
d
it
is
em
p
h
asized
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
it
is
to
h
av
e
p
r
ec
is
e
im
p
ac
t
m
o
d
els
at
th
e
f
in
e
-
s
ca
le
lev
el
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
e
p
r
eser
v
at
io
n
o
f
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
er
v
ices.
B
er
g
m
an
et
a
l.
[
9
]
aim
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
ec
o
lo
g
ical
r
esear
ch
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
d
ata
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
d
ata
au
th
e
n
ticity
an
d
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
s
p
ec
ies
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
ter
n
et
p
latf
o
r
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
n
en
h
an
cin
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
b
i
o
d
iv
er
s
i
ty
d
ata.
T
h
e
b
a
n
d
ed
d
em
o
is
elle
s
p
ec
ies
in
B
r
itain
i
s
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
[
1
0
]
th
at
co
m
p
ar
es
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
ta
tis
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
with
s
p
ec
ies
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
an
d
citizen
s
cien
ce
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
h
o
ws h
o
w
s
ev
er
a
l d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
ec
o
lo
g
ical
r
esear
ch
ar
e
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
e
r
.
Pu
jar
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
Fli
ck
r
p
h
o
t
o
s
to
m
a
p
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
al
ec
o
lo
g
ical
s
er
v
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
im
ag
e
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
s
p
at
ial
m
o
d
ellin
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
cr
u
cial
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
d
ata
is
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
leis
u
r
e
r
o
u
tin
es.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
a
u
d
ito
r
y
s
u
r
v
ey
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
t
r
ac
k
in
g
wo
o
d
p
ec
k
e
r
a
n
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
ac
tiv
ity
i
n
a
p
r
o
tecte
d
Alp
in
e
f
o
r
est
b
y
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
to
ev
alu
ate
au
d
io
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
a
u
n
iq
u
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
ten
d
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
ec
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
th
eir
clim
ate
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
i
n
f
r
esh
way
s
.
As
ess
en
tial
tr
o
p
ical
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
,
C
o
lo
m
b
ian
s
tin
g
less
b
ee
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
in
r
elatio
n
t
o
p
r
esen
t
an
d
p
r
o
jecte
d
clim
atic
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
ic
tio
n
m
o
d
els
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
h
o
w
m
an
y
s
p
ec
ies
ar
e
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
to
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
o
c
u
s
ed
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
Ak
ça
y
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
em
p
lo
y
s
AI
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
b
ir
d
s
in
T
u
r
k
ey
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
ter
p
r
et
p
ictu
r
e
d
ata
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
an
im
al
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
b
y
Po
lce
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
d
els
o
f
s
p
ec
ies
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
an
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
d
ata
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
tr
en
d
s
in
p
o
llin
atio
n
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
e
n
o
tes
a
m
o
v
e
to
war
d
th
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
o
f
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
lan
n
in
g
.
Ultim
a
tely
,
b
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
ec
o
l
o
g
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
f
ield
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata,
a
lis
t
o
f
n
o
t
ab
le
cr
o
p
-
p
o
llin
atin
g
b
ee
s
is
c
r
ea
ted
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
illu
s
tr
ates
a
q
u
alitativ
e
way
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
d
y
n
am
i
cs o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
in
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
a
l settin
g
s
.
I
n
v
ar
io
u
s
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
n
atio
n
s
as
well
as
th
e
US
,
n
atio
n
al
p
o
llin
ato
r
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
i
es
ar
e
n
o
w
b
ein
g
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
I
t'
s
cr
u
cial
to
r
em
em
b
er
,
t
h
o
u
g
h
,
t
h
at
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
in
itiativ
es
in
p
lace
f
o
r
p
o
llin
ato
r
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
m
ay
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
all
-
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
way
s
to
less
en
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
clim
ate
c
h
an
g
e
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
[
1
7
]
.
As
a
m
atter
o
f
f
ac
t,
s
ev
er
al
p
r
o
jects
p
u
r
p
o
s
ef
u
lly
e
x
clu
d
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
at
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
d
esig
n
ed
to
tack
le
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Misco
n
ce
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
d
y
n
am
ics
ar
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
m
ay
b
e
a
d
an
g
er
to
n
o
r
th
tem
p
e
r
ate
zo
n
e
c
o
n
s
er
v
at
io
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
ev
iew
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
h
o
w
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
io
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
in
th
e
n
o
r
th
er
n
h
em
is
p
h
er
e
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
clim
ate
c
h
an
g
e
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
ass
is
t
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
.
A
h
ier
ar
ch
i
ca
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
a
n
aly
ze
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
Up
o
n
c
r
itical
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
o
w
p
o
llin
ato
r
d
iv
er
s
ity
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
clim
ate
c
h
an
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
2
5
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8
9
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tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
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2
,
Ap
r
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2
6
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1
6
8
0
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1
6
9
0
1684
at
th
e
g
en
etic,
s
p
ec
ies,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
lev
els
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
was
s
elec
ted
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
it
wo
u
ld
h
a
v
e
o
n
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
Ho
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ity
at
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er
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b
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d
iv
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ity
lev
els
[
2
3
]
.
Stu
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ies
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h
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th
at
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l
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e
h
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esil
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ce
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p
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llin
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m
etac
o
m
m
u
n
ities
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
lo
y
AI
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n
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el
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T
ab
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ap
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ata
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[
1
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[
2
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p
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[
3
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mp
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[
4
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[
5
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[
6
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[
7
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[
8
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[
9
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h
is
co
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
p
lan
t
g
r
o
wt
h
an
d
f
lo
wer
i
n
g
,
as
well
as
p
o
llin
ato
r
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
Hab
itat
lo
s
s
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
2
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
p
o
llin
atio
n
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
a
t
th
e
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
r
f
r
a
g
m
en
tati
o
n
o
f
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
is
also
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t c
o
n
ce
r
n
f
o
r
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
p
ec
ies.
L
astl
y
,
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
m
ak
e
u
p
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
t,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
less
er
-
k
n
o
wn
o
r
s
tu
d
ied
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
,
p
esti
cid
e
u
s
e,
an
d
in
v
asiv
e
s
p
ec
ies.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
th
e
cr
u
cial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
e
twee
n
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
,
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
p
ec
ies,
an
d
p
lan
t in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
is
a
g
lo
b
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
is
s
u
e
with
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
llin
atio
n
,
a
cr
u
cial
ec
o
lo
g
ical
s
er
v
ice
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
th
e
h
ea
lth
o
f
te
r
r
estrial
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
r
is
e
an
d
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
p
atter
n
s
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
v
ar
ia
b
le,
th
e
in
tr
icate
te
m
p
o
r
al
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
p
lan
ts
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
d
is
r
u
p
ted
.
C
en
tr
al
to
th
is
is
s
u
e
is
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
h
en
o
l
o
g
y
,
w
h
ich
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
b
io
lo
g
ical
ev
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as f
lo
wer
in
g
in
p
lan
ts
an
d
b
r
ee
d
in
g
o
r
m
ig
r
atio
n
in
an
im
als.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
is
ca
u
s
in
g
s
h
if
ts
in
p
h
en
o
lo
g
y
,
lead
in
g
to
ea
r
lier
o
r
later
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
o
f
th
ese
cr
itical
ev
en
ts
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
C
lima
te
ch
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
llin
a
to
r
d
yn
a
mics:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
s
o
cia
l
med
ia
in
s
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
…
(
P
o
o
ja
Ha
d
ima
n
e
)
1685
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
f
o
r
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
p
e
cies
an
d
th
e
f
l
o
wer
in
g
p
lan
ts
th
ey
s
er
v
ice,
as
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
za
tio
n
o
f
f
lo
wer
in
g
tim
e
with
p
o
llin
ato
r
ac
tiv
ity
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
p
o
llin
atio
n
.
I
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
an
d
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
r
ain
f
all
r
e
g
im
es
im
p
ac
t
p
lan
t
-
p
o
llin
ato
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
s
ev
er
al
way
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
p
lan
ts
m
ay
b
eg
in
f
lo
wer
in
g
ea
r
lier
in
th
e
y
ea
r
,
at
a
tim
e
wh
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
y
et
ac
tiv
e
o
r
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
Alter
n
ativ
ely
,
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
m
ay
em
er
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
eir
p
r
im
ar
y
f
o
o
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
f
lo
wer
ed
,
leav
in
g
th
em
with
o
u
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
u
s
ten
an
ce
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
s
u
ch
m
is
m
atc
h
es
ar
e
f
ar
-
r
ea
ch
in
g
.
Po
llin
a
to
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
b
ee
s
,
b
u
tter
f
lies
,
an
d
o
t
h
er
in
s
ec
ts
,
r
ely
o
n
f
lo
r
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
n
o
u
r
is
h
m
en
t,
wh
ile
p
lan
ts
d
ep
en
d
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
f
o
r
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
As
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es,
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
tim
in
g
g
r
o
ws,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
lea
d
to
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
p
la
n
t
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
s
u
cc
ess
,
an
d
u
ltima
t
ely
,
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
t
h
e
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
en
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
llin
atio
n
is
a
co
m
p
lex
o
n
e
,
with
ch
an
g
es
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
p
atter
n
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
d
elica
te
b
alan
ce
o
f
ec
o
lo
g
ical
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
a
m
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
ese
ch
an
g
es
ar
e
cr
itical,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
th
e
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
u
r
v
iv
al
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
p
ec
ies
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
b
r
o
a
d
er
ec
o
l
o
g
ical
co
m
m
u
n
ities
th
at
r
ely
o
n
th
e
i
n
tr
icate
in
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
p
lan
ts
an
d
th
eir
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pie c
h
a
r
t d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
p
o
llin
a
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lex
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
p
ec
ies,
an
d
p
lan
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
2.
2
.
Cha
lleng
es
T
em
p
o
r
al
m
is
m
atch
:
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
s
h
if
ts
in
p
h
en
o
lo
g
y
m
ay
ca
u
s
e
p
lan
ts
to
f
lo
wer
a
t
tim
es
wh
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t,
lea
d
in
g
to
a
la
ck
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
th
at
c
an
s
ev
er
ely
im
p
ac
t
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
p
o
llin
atio
n
ev
en
ts
.
Po
llin
ato
r
d
ec
lin
e:
r
is
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
an
d
ex
tr
em
e
wea
th
er
ev
en
ts
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
th
r
ea
ten
p
o
llin
ato
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
a
b
itat
lo
s
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
p
at
h
o
g
e
n
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
n
u
m
b
er
s
an
d
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
Hab
itat
alter
atio
n
:
as
clim
ates
ch
an
g
e,
s
u
itab
le
h
ab
itats
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
f
lo
wer
in
g
p
lan
ts
m
ay
s
h
if
t,
p
o
ten
tially
lead
in
g
to
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
m
is
m
atch
es wh
er
e
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
n
o
lo
n
g
er
c
o
in
cid
e
with
th
eir
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
p
lan
t
p
a
r
tn
er
s
.
Ph
en
o
ty
p
ic
p
last
icity
:
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
l
an
ts
an
d
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
to
ad
ap
t
t
o
ch
a
n
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
p
h
e
n
o
ty
p
ic
p
last
icity
)
v
ar
ies
wid
ely
am
o
n
g
s
p
ec
ies,
with
s
o
m
e
u
n
ab
le
to
ad
ju
s
t,
th
er
eb
y
r
is
k
in
g
e
x
tin
ctio
n
o
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ec
lin
es
in
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
E
co
s
y
s
tem
s
er
v
ice
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
:
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
a
s
an
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
er
v
ice
af
f
ec
ts
n
o
t ju
s
t th
e
tar
g
et
p
lan
t sp
ec
ies b
u
t a
ls
o
th
e
en
tire
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
6
:
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
9
0
1686
web
o
f
b
i
o
lo
g
ical
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
an
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
,
lead
in
g
to
u
n
f
o
r
eseen
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
n
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
:
alter
ed
r
ain
f
all
p
atter
n
s
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
ca
n
s
tr
ess
p
lan
ts
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
e
ctar
a
n
d
p
o
llen
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ich
ar
e
cr
itical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
.
B
eh
av
io
r
al
ch
an
g
es:
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
m
ay
ca
u
s
e
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
ch
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
it
m
ig
h
t
alter
t
h
eir
f
o
r
ag
i
n
g
p
atter
n
s
,
tim
es
o
f
d
ay
wh
en
th
ey
ar
e
ac
tiv
e,
o
r
th
eir
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
p
o
llin
atin
g
p
lan
ts
,
wh
ich
ca
n
af
f
ec
t th
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
llin
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
g
iv
es a
b
r
ie
f
id
ea
o
f
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
er
v
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
o
v
el
u
s
e
o
f
g
e
o
-
tag
g
ed
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
s
eq
u
en
tial step
s
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
aly
s
is
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
er
v
ices: a
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teg
r
ated
an
al
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r
am
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8
9
3
8
C
lima
te
ch
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
llin
a
to
r
d
yn
a
mics:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
s
o
cia
l
med
ia
in
s
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
…
(
P
o
o
ja
Ha
d
ima
n
e
)
1687
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
tep
s
ar
e
o
u
tlin
ed
as f
o
llo
ws:
i)
Data
co
llectio
n
:
th
e
d
ata
is
co
llected
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
f
r
o
m
g
e
o
-
tag
g
ed
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
im
ag
es
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
r
o
m
p
latf
o
r
m
s
lik
e
Fli
ck
r
,
wh
ich
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
ig
h
tin
g
s
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
.
I
n
d
ian
B
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
d
ata
an
d
clim
at
e
ch
an
g
e
in
d
icato
r
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
ex
tr
em
e
wea
th
er
e
v
en
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
clim
ato
lo
g
ical
d
atab
ases
,
will
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
R
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
d
ata
will
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
an
al
y
ze
ch
an
g
es
in
lan
d
co
v
er
,
v
eg
etatio
n
i
n
d
ic
es,
an
d
h
ab
itat f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
o
v
er
tim
e.
ii)
Data
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
:
all
co
llected
d
ata
will
u
n
d
er
g
o
a
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
h
ase
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
g
eo
-
r
ef
er
en
cin
g
im
a
g
es,
clea
n
in
g
an
d
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
clim
ate
d
ata,
an
d
alig
n
in
g
th
ese
with
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
ag
es.
iii)
Sp
atial
an
aly
s
is
:
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
GI
S)
wil
l
b
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
m
a
p
p
o
llin
a
to
r
h
ab
itats
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
im
ag
es
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
d
with
I
n
d
ian
b
io
d
i
v
er
s
ity
d
ata.
Sp
atial
s
tatis
t
ics
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
lik
e
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
an
d
g
r
ad
ien
t
b
o
o
s
tin
g
will
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
an
aly
ze
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
iv
)
T
em
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
is
:
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
an
aly
s
is
will
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
t
o
id
en
tif
y
s
h
if
ts
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Seaso
n
ality
an
d
t
r
en
d
a
n
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
o
r
s
ea
s
o
n
al
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
tim
e
s
er
ies
(
STL
)
will b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
t
o
s
tu
d
y
p
o
llin
ato
r
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
v
e
r
t
im
e.
v)
Patter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
:
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
a
l
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
C
NNs)
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
R
NNs)
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
d
ata.
Pre
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
els
will
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
f
u
tu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
p
o
llin
atio
n
s
er
v
i
ce
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
clim
ate
ch
a
n
g
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
v
i)
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
:
au
to
m
ated
s
p
ec
ies
id
en
tific
at
io
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
NN
m
o
d
els
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
co
llected
im
ag
es
f
o
r
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
An
in
ter
s
ec
ted
s
et
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
F
-
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
d
m
u
tu
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
cr
iter
io
n
(
MI
C
)
will
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
tr
ain
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
e
(
SVM)
class
if
ier
f
o
r
s
p
ec
ies cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
.
v
ii)
Data
an
aly
s
is
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
:
th
e
v
alid
ated
an
d
class
if
ied
im
ag
es
will
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
wit
h
th
e
I
n
d
ian
b
i
o
d
iv
er
s
ity
d
ata
to
ass
es
s
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
o
n
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
er
v
ices.
C
h
an
g
e
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
will
b
e
a
p
p
lied
to
id
en
tif
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
h
an
g
es
in
p
o
llin
ato
r
h
a
b
itats
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
o
v
er
tim
e.
v
iii)
Ou
tco
m
e
ev
alu
atio
n
:
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
o
f
th
e
s
p
atial
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
an
aly
s
es
will
b
e
ev
alu
ate
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
p
ec
ies
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
to
clim
ate
v
ar
iatio
n
a
n
d
to
d
etec
t
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
eir
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
r
an
g
e
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
g
eo
-
tag
g
e
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
im
ag
es
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
a
p
id
ch
an
g
es in
s
p
ec
ies r
an
g
es d
u
e
to
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
will b
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
.
i
x
)
E
t
h
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
d
er
a
t
i
o
n
s
an
d
d
at
a
p
r
i
v
ac
y
:
i
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
in
g
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
i
th
s
o
c
ia
l
m
e
d
i
a
d
a
t
a
,
b
y
ad
h
er
i
n
g
t
o
e
th
i
c
a
l
g
u
i
d
e
l
in
e
s
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
p
r
iv
a
cy
la
w
s
,
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
r
e
s
p
e
c
ts
u
s
e
r
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
p
la
t
f
o
r
m
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e.
T
h
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
w
i
l
l
en
a
b
le
u
s
to
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
t
a
t
e
an
d
p
o
t
en
t
i
a
l
f
u
tu
r
e
s
c
e
n
ar
i
o
s
o
f
p
o
l
l
in
a
t
o
r
s
e
r
v
i
ce
s
i
n
th
e
f
a
c
e
o
f
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
.
B
y
l
ev
er
a
g
in
g
t
h
e
u
b
iq
u
i
t
y
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
ed
i
a
,
t
h
e
a
im
i
s
t
o
en
r
i
ch
t
r
a
d
i
t
io
n
a
l
e
co
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
d
a
t
a
w
it
h
l
ar
g
e
-
s
c
a
l
e,
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
o
b
s
er
v
a
t
io
n
a
l
d
a
t
a
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
n
e
w
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
t
o
co
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
io
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
u
r
v
ey
p
ap
er
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
o
n
p
o
llin
atio
n
,
a
cr
itical
ec
o
l
o
g
ical
s
er
v
ice
p
iv
o
tal
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
o
th
n
atu
r
a
l
an
d
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ou
r
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e
is
n
o
t
a
d
is
tan
t
th
r
ea
t
b
u
t
a
n
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
allen
g
e
t
h
at
is
alr
ea
d
y
alter
in
g
th
e
d
elica
te
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
an
d
f
lo
r
a.
W
ith
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
an
d
s
h
if
tin
g
p
r
ec
ip
itatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
y
o
f
p
o
llin
ato
r
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
p
lan
t
p
h
e
n
o
lo
g
y
is
f
ac
in
g
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
lead
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
ef
f
icac
y
in
p
o
llin
atio
n
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
ec
lin
es
in
p
lan
t
b
io
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
alter
ed
f
o
r
a
g
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
m
is
m
atch
es
in
life
cy
cle
e
v
en
ts
,
a
n
d
h
ab
ita
t
s
h
if
ts
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
in
s
ec
t
p
o
llin
ato
r
s
—
in
teg
r
al
to
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
v
ast
ar
r
ay
o
f
p
lan
t
s
p
ec
ies
—
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
in
g
s
ig
n
s
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
is
lo
ca
tio
n
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
clim
ate
-
in
d
u
ce
d
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
e
ea
r
ly
-
f
lo
wer
i
n
g
s
p
ec
ies,
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
tim
ely
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
t
h
eir
p
o
llin
ato
r
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
,
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
tr
en
d
th
at
co
u
ld
ca
s
ca
d
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
o
d
web
with
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
ec
o
lo
g
ical
o
u
tco
m
es.
Un
d
er
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
V
a
s
i
l
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e
v
a
n
d
S
.
G
r
e
e
n
w
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Th
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c
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v
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1
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8
.
[
2
]
C
.
N
y
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,
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.
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e
s
k
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,
M
.
G
.
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,
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.
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N
.
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c
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[
3
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L.
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.
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,
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.
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4
]
M
.
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.
El
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.
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.
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d
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.
[
5
]
D
.
O
’
N
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l
.
,
“
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s
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6
]
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.
G
.
P
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l
.
,
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y
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ser
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[
7
]
V
.
L.
S
c
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N
.
E.
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a
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J.
N
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B
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2
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B
I
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G
RAP
H
I
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Po
o
j
a
H
a
d
im
a
n
e
is
q
u
a
li
fied
f
o
r
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
rs
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
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e
rin
g
(
B
.
E
.
)
d
e
g
re
e
a
n
d
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
(M
.
Tec
h
.
)
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
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n
d
En
g
in
e
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rin
g
fro
m
S
TJ
In
stit
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te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ra
n
e
b
e
n
n
u
r
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a
ffil
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ted
to
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e
sw
a
ra
y
a
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
(VTU)
,
Be
lag
a
v
i,
in
2
0
1
3
a
n
d
2
0
1
5
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
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h
e
is
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
.
in
Co
m
p
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ter
S
c
ie
n
c
e
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n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Ba
p
u
ji
In
stit
u
te o
f
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g
i
n
e
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rin
g
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n
d
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h
n
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lo
g
y
,
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v
a
n
g
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re
a
n
d
a
ls
o
wo
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
D
e
p
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rtm
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n
t
o
f
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o
m
p
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ter
S
c
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c
e
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n
d
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n
g
in
e
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rin
g
a
t
Ba
p
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ji
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n
stit
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te
o
f
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g
in
e
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rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Da
v
a
n
g
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re
.
S
h
e
h
a
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d
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m
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r
k
sh
o
p
s
a
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d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
c
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d
u
c
ted
b
y
v
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s
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n
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tes
.
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r
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re
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s
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tere
st
a
re
m
a
c
h
in
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lea
rn
i
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g
,
a
rti
ficia
l
in
tel
li
g
e
n
c
e
,
d
a
ta
m
i
n
in
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isi
o
n
,
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
o
o
ja
h
_
1
2
@re
d
if
fm
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
As
h
o
k
a
K
u
k
k
u
v
a
d
a
is
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
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n
d
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g
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rin
g
a
t
Ba
p
u
j
i
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sti
tu
te
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Da
v
a
n
g
e
re
.
He
is
a
q
u
a
li
fied
Ba
c
h
e
l
o
r
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
a
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
VLS
I
a
n
d
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s
,
a
n
d
Ph
.
D
.
fr
o
m
VTU
in
2
0
1
8
.
Hi
s
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
a
re
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
v
isio
n
,
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
lea
rn
in
g
,
a
rti
ficia
l
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
sh
o
k
a
k
u
k
k
u
v
a
d
a
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
G
a
n
g
a
m
m
a
H
e
d
iy
a
l
a
d
e
a
rn
e
d
h
e
r
Ba
c
h
e
lo
rs
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(B
.
E
.
)
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fr
o
m
REC
Hu
lk
o
ti
,
a
ffil
iate
d
to
VTU
,
Be
lag
a
v
i
,
in
2
0
1
2
.
S
h
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
e
r
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
.
Tec
h
.
(
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
f
ro
m
VT
U
Be
lag
a
v
i,
Ba
p
u
j
i
In
stit
u
te
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Da
v
a
n
g
e
re
in
2
0
1
4
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
a
re
se
a
rc
h
sc
h
o
lar
a
t
Ba
p
u
ji
In
s
ti
tu
te o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Da
v
a
n
g
e
re
a
ffil
iate
d
to
VTU,
Be
lag
a
v
i,
d
o
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
a
lso
wo
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
s
so
r
i
n
Ba
p
u
ji
I
n
stit
u
te o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Da
v
a
n
g
e
re
.
He
r
a
re
a
s o
f
in
tere
st
a
re
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
,
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
v
isio
n
,
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
a
rti
fic
ial
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
in
ter
n
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s,
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
g
a
n
g
a
h
e
d
iy
a
lad
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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