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l.
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J
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n
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20
2
6
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p
p
.
1485
~
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I
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v
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3
.
pp
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4
8
5
-
1
4
9
2
1485
J
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:
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ttp
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//ij
ec
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co
m
Using
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heo
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ption v
irtual r
ea
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a
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Art
icle
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nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
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A
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ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
2
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2
0
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R
ev
is
ed
J
u
l 2
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
6
,
2
0
2
6
Virtu
a
l
re
a
li
t
y
is
a
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fie
ld
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
n
i
n
teg
ra
l
p
a
rt
in
m
o
st
a
re
a
s
o
f
li
fe
.
Be
fo
re
th
e
2
0
th
c
e
n
tu
r
y
,
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
c
o
n
siste
d
p
r
ima
ril
y
o
f
a
rti
ficia
l
il
lu
sio
n
s.
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
e
n
c
o
u
n
ter
e
a
rly
o
b
sta
c
les
in
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
u
rre
n
t
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
(VR)
lea
rn
in
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
.
T
h
e
re
se
a
rc
h
is
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
re
v
io
u
s
stu
d
ies
b
y
fil
li
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
b
lan
k
b
y
o
b
se
rv
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
a
t
stu
d
e
n
ts
we
re
fa
c
in
g
.
Th
e
se
c
o
n
d
m
a
in
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
wa
s
u
n
ifi
e
d
th
e
o
ry
u
sin
g
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
a
n
d
u
se
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
th
e
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
o
f
a
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
l
e
a
rn
in
g
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
o
rd
e
r
to
imp
r
o
v
e
stu
d
e
n
t
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
a
t
h
y
p
o
th
e
se
s
h
a
v
e
a
p
o
siti
v
e
imp
a
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
fa
c
to
rs t
o
u
se
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
o
d
e
l.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
E
-
lear
n
in
g
Stu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
Vir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Gh
aliy
a
AlFar
s
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Al
B
u
r
aim
i U
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
C
o
lleg
e
Al
B
u
r
aim
i,
Om
an
E
m
ail: g
alf
ar
s
i@
b
u
c.
ed
u
.
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Vir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
d
ec
ad
es,
s
in
ce
it
was
f
ir
s
t
cr
ea
ted
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
A
lo
t
o
f
test
in
g
was
d
o
n
e
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
wh
et
h
er
VR
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
f
o
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
h
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
VR
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
ar
e
also
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
o
f
u
s
in
g
VR
.
Z
h
ao
et
a
l.
[
3
]
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
u
s
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
es,
VR
lear
n
in
g
was
m
ar
g
in
ally
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
R
esp
ec
tiv
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
VR
is
b
est
u
s
e
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
,
b
u
t a
ls
o
in
o
th
er
f
ield
s
[
3
]
.
VR
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
teac
h
im
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
k
ills
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
with
s
im
u
lated
.
Activ
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
VR
s
k
ill
s
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
[
4
]
.
B
ailey
an
d
B
ailen
s
o
n
[
5
]
u
s
ed
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
VR
to
teac
h
ac
tio
n
-
r
elate
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
to
m
ak
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
ac
tio
n
b
y
ac
tin
g
as
o
n
e
i
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
VR
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
teac
h
in
g
b
y
m
o
tiv
atin
g
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
to
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
o
r
al
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
Usi
n
g
VR
,
it is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
v
iew
ev
en
ts
f
r
o
m
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew.
Fro
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esu
lts
,
we
f
in
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
f
ac
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
VR
.
VR
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
t
o
b
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
u
tili
ze
.
Ad
o
p
tio
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
f
ir
s
t
asp
ec
t
to
em
p
h
asized
o
n
,
o
v
er
all,
VR
ten
d
s
to
b
e
b
etter
u
s
ed
in
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
with
e
x
is
tin
g
th
eo
r
ies
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
b
ef
o
r
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
VR
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
u
ltip
le
is
s
u
es
n
ee
d
e
d
to
b
e
tack
led
.
Dig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
n
iq
u
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
;
b
u
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
cr
af
ted
f
o
r
r
ea
lis
tic
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
[
8
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
4
8
5
-
1
4
9
2
1486
Fo
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
at
g
u
id
e
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
:
a.
Do
es
th
e
m
ed
iato
r
m
ed
iate
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
to
war
d
s
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
t
u
a
l r
ea
lity
am
o
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
Om
an
i u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
?
b.
Ho
w
ca
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
an
d
r
elate
d
s
et
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
b
e
ev
alu
ated
s
tatis
tically
?
Fo
llo
win
g
o
b
jectiv
es th
at
aim
ed
to
b
e
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
:
a.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
an
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
m
o
d
el,
m
ed
iatin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
a
cto
r
s
to
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
o
f
VR
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Om
an
i u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
.
b.
Statis
t
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
a
n
d
r
elate
d
s
et
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
to
s
ev
er
al
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
with
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
th
at
co
v
er
s
th
e
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
.
I
t
th
e
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
its
ap
p
licatio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
co
n
tin
u
es
with
an
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
VR
in
teac
h
in
g
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
th
eo
r
ies,
an
d
th
e
u
n
if
ied
t
h
eo
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
UT
A
UT
)
as
well
as
th
e
ex
ten
d
ed
v
er
s
io
n
,
UT
AUT
2
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
in
clu
d
es
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
p
ast s
tu
d
ies an
d
co
n
clu
d
es with
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
th
r
ee
f
ield
s
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
th
is
s
tu
d
y
:
VR
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
eo
r
ies.
T
h
is
wo
u
ld
allo
w
o
th
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
n
o
t
ac
q
u
ain
te
d
with
th
e
s
u
b
ject
to
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
an
d
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
b
asic
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
d
e
f
in
es
wh
at
VR
is
,
d
eter
m
in
es
its
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
c
o
n
tr
asts
th
e
co
m
m
er
ciality
an
d
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
VR
,
an
d
last
ly
,
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
s
o
f
VR
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
d
o
p
tio
n
h
y
p
o
th
eses
ar
e
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
to
lo
ca
te
a
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
.
W
ielan
d
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
ad
d
ed
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
b
o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
t
o
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
id
en
tific
atio
n
in
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
ed
ia
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
es
s
u
ch
as
Go
o
g
le
Glass
o
r
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
Ho
lo
le
n
s
.
Nex
t
was
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
a
n
ew
wav
e
o
f
m
ed
ia
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
VR
d
ev
ices.
B
u
ild
th
e
B
ig
Fiv
e
Hu
m
an
Per
s
o
n
ality
Mo
d
el
was
u
tili
ze
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
two
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
v
is
io
n
s
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
es
wer
e
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
m
o
d
er
ate
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
p
er
s
o
n
ality
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
Go
o
g
le
Glass
a
p
p
ea
r
s
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
p
tin
g
o
f
o
p
en
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
ally
s
ec
u
r
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
Sm
ar
t
g
lass
es,
s
u
ch
as
wea
r
ab
les,
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
b
e
p
r
ef
e
r
r
e
d
b
y
cu
s
to
m
er
s
th
at
s
ee
g
r
e
at
p
o
ten
tial
in
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct’
s
g
u
a
r
an
tee
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
u
s
ef
u
l
b
en
ef
its
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
f
o
r
m
is
m
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
ese
o
u
tc
o
m
es
is
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
ed
b
y
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
s
o
n
ality
o
f
cu
s
to
m
er
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
o
p
en
n
ess
to
f
ac
ts
,
ex
tr
av
er
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
n
eu
r
o
ticis
m
[
1
3
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
C
o
r
f
u
AR
r
ea
lity
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
w
h
ich
in
v
ites
cu
s
to
m
ized
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Ko
u
r
o
u
t
h
an
ass
is
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
er
r
ef
lecte
d
o
n
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
el
wh
ich
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
MA
R
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
its
em
o
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Field
r
esear
ch
o
n
C
o
r
f
u
v
is
ito
r
s
im
p
lies
th
at
ef
f
icien
t
ass
ets
o
f
C
o
r
f
u
AR
elic
it
e
m
o
tio
n
s
o
f
p
leasu
r
e
b
esid
es
ex
citem
en
t,
wh
ich
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
in
ten
t
o
f
C
o
r
f
u
AR
to
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esear
ch
th
at
em
p
ir
ically
v
alid
ates
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
d
e
v
ices,
u
s
er
s
’
f
ee
lin
g
s
an
d
ac
ts
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
f
ac
to
r
s
wh
ich
g
o
v
e
r
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
au
g
m
en
ted
-
r
ea
lity
v
ir
tu
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
AR
I
T
)
in
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
eh
av
io
r
[
1
5
]
b
len
d
e
d
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
tech
n
ical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
with
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
tial
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
I
n
lin
e
with
in
d
u
s
tr
y
tr
en
d
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
a
co
n
s
u
m
er
d
o
es
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
g
ag
em
en
t
u
s
in
g
AR
I
T
.
On
lin
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
with
h
ig
h
co
g
n
itiv
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
r
ely
m
o
r
e
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
ae
s
th
etics,
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
ex
ce
llen
ce
elem
en
ts
o
f
AR
I
T
;
W
h
ile
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
p
lay
f
u
ln
ess
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
AR
I
T
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
th
o
s
e
with
lo
wer
co
g
n
itiv
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
6
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
Ay
d
in
[
1
9
]
u
s
es
a
co
n
tin
u
ity
m
o
d
el
to
d
eter
m
in
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
lo
y
alty
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
VR
g
am
es
b
ased
o
n
m
ar
k
er
s
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
eo
r
y
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
also
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
b
etwe
en
h
ig
h
-
an
d
lo
w
-
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
v
i
s
itin
g
th
em
e
p
ar
k
s
in
J
eju
I
s
l
an
d
,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
es
f
r
o
m
2
4
1
th
e
m
e
p
ar
k
v
is
ito
r
s
claim
ed
th
at
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
’
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
was
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
m
ater
ial,
cu
s
to
m
ized
s
er
v
ice
an
d
d
ev
i
ce
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
as
well
as
th
e
aim
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
VR
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
im
ag
i
n
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
to
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
q
u
ality
o
f
co
n
ten
t,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
,
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
ea
lis
m
[
1
9
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Day
an
a
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
d
r
ew
o
n
p
ast
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
o
f
f
er
ed
a
n
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
m
o
d
el
o
n
p
ast
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
lau
n
ch
es.
Scien
tific
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
wed
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
d
r
iv
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
tag
es,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
b
r
a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
r
,
an
d
s
o
cial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
2
]
.
W
h
ile
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
e
s
ar
e
wo
r
n
in
th
e
s
am
e
m
an
n
er
as
f
ash
io
n
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
ies
an
d
co
n
tain
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
it
s
ee
m
s
less
lik
ely
th
at
th
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
es
will
af
f
ec
t
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Usi
n
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
eo
r
y
t
o
a
d
o
p
tio
n
virt
u
a
l rea
lity a
mo
n
g
u
n
ivers
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
Gh
a
liy
a
A
lFa
r
s
i
)
1487
s
elf
-
p
r
esen
tatio
n
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
p
r
e
-
m
ar
k
et
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
lass
es; wh
ich
wo
u
ld
m
ak
e
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
ex
ec
u
tiv
es to
em
b
r
ac
e
th
is
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
h
o
w
VR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
af
f
ec
ts
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
'
b
r
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
in
ten
tio
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
s
tu
d
y
1
,
w
h
ich
u
s
ed
a
r
ea
l
b
r
an
d
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
wer
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
t
o
f
o
r
m
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
elf
-
b
r
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
m
ak
e
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
wh
en
th
ey
s
aw
th
e
m
s
elv
es
tr
y
in
g
o
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
in
a
s
im
u
lated
m
i
r
r
o
r
,
as
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
v
iewin
g
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
m
o
d
els
wea
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
I
n
s
tu
d
y
2
,
wh
ich
u
s
ed
a
f
ictitio
u
s
b
r
an
d
,
n
ar
ciss
is
tic
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
s
elf
-
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
wh
ile
n
o
n
-
n
ar
ciss
is
tic
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
wea
k
er
ef
f
ec
ts
[
1
4
]
,
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
VR
is
im
m
er
s
io
n
[
2
7
]
.
I
m
m
e
r
s
io
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es
VR
f
r
o
m
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
it
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
VR
.
Statio
n
ar
y
h
ea
d
-
m
o
u
n
ted
d
is
p
lay
s
(
HM
Ds
)
ar
e
f
u
lly
im
m
er
s
ed
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
o
p
tim
u
m
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
v
iewin
g
q
u
ality
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
o
u
tf
itted
with
a
co
m
p
u
ter
o
r
h
ap
tic
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
a
d
d
itio
n
al
im
m
er
s
io
n
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
3.
E
XT
E
N
DE
D
U
NI
F
I
E
D
T
H
E
O
R
Y
O
F
A
CCE
P
T
A
N
CE
AN
D
US
E
O
F
T
E
C
H
N
O
L
O
G
Y
(
U
T
A
UT
2
)
T
h
e
ex
ten
d
ed
UT
AUT
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
latest
th
eo
r
ies
an
d
m
o
d
els
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
UT
AUT
to
ex
am
in
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
’
b
eh
av
io
r
.
B
esid
es
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
UT
AUT
,
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
ad
ap
ted
th
r
e
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
n
am
ely
m
o
tiv
e,
p
r
ice
v
alu
e,
an
d
h
ab
it.
Def
i
n
itio
n
s
o
f
th
es
e
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
wer
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ex
ten
d
ed
m
o
d
el,
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
a
s
UT
AUT
2
,
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
,
e
f
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
tast
y
m
o
tiv
e,
p
r
ice
v
al
u
e,
an
d
h
ab
its
as
in
f
lu
en
tial
o
n
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
in
ten
t.
Me
an
wh
ile
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
h
ab
its
,
an
d
in
ten
t in
f
l
u
en
c
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
an
d
d
ir
ec
tly
u
p
o
n
u
s
er
s
’
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ex
ten
d
ed
m
o
d
el,
r
ef
er
r
e
d
to
as UT
AUT
2
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
m
o
d
er
atin
g
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
u
g
g
ested
in
th
e
UT
AUT
,
th
e
UT
AUT
2
th
e
o
r
izes
th
at
p
er
s
o
n
al
attr
ib
u
tes,
a
g
e,
g
e
n
d
e
r
,
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
h
a
v
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
m
ain
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
as
well
as
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
n
o
r
u
s
ag
e
o
f
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
o
s
ter
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
al
in
ten
ti
o
n
s
is
m
o
d
er
ated
b
y
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
-
m
a
k
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
o
ld
e
r
,
f
ewe
r
an
d
less
-
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
g
e,
g
en
d
er
,
a
n
d
m
atu
r
ity
m
o
d
e
r
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
h
e
d
o
n
ic
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
o
n
in
ten
t
w
h
ich
m
ak
es
it
m
o
r
e
r
ele
v
an
t
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
,
m
ale,
an
d
less
-
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
p
r
ice
v
alu
e
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
s
is
m
o
d
er
ated
b
y
ag
e
an
d
g
en
d
er
,
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
r
elev
a
n
t
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
er
,
f
em
ale
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
h
ab
it
o
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
u
s
ag
e
i
s
m
o
d
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
th
r
ee
m
o
d
e
r
ato
r
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
m
o
r
e
r
elev
a
n
t
f
o
r
o
ld
er
,
m
ale,
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
ea
s
o
n
ed
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
4
8
5
-
1
4
9
2
1488
[
2
8
]
.
Fin
ally
,
p
r
ac
tice
m
o
d
e
r
a
tes
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ac
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
th
at
it
is
s
tr
o
n
g
er
f
o
r
less
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
.
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
em
p
ir
ic
ally
ch
ec
k
ed
UT
AUT
2
v
ia
1
,
5
1
2
m
o
b
ile
in
ter
n
et
u
s
er
s
in
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
s
ettin
g
s
'
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
clar
if
ied
7
4
%
v
ar
iatio
n
in
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
in
ten
t
an
d
5
2
%
v
ar
iatio
n
in
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
o
t
h
th
e
UT
AUT
an
d
th
e
UT
AUT
2
h
av
e
b
ee
n
b
lam
ed
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
p
r
eju
d
ice
ac
r
o
s
s
cu
ltu
r
es.
4.
T
H
E
H
YP
O
T
H
E
SI
S AN
D
T
H
E
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
O
DE
L
I
n
t
h
is
p
ar
t,
we
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
w
h
ich
b
r
an
ch
es
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
UT
A
UT
2
.
T
h
e
b
asic
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
wo
r
k
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
b
u
ild
in
g
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
ac
ce
p
tin
g
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
m
eth
o
d
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
a
n
d
f
ield
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
e
twee
n
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
eir
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
o
n
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
ex
p
l
ain
ed
b
y
th
e
d
esig
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
is
n
o
tifie
d
th
at
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
w
h
er
eb
y
it
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
in
te
n
tio
n
to
u
s
e
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
Su
ch
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
th
e
in
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
w
h
ich
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
eir
co
n
tin
u
in
g
in
ten
t.
Ho
we
v
er
,
f
ewe
r
s
tu
d
ies
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ics
o
f
d
et
er
m
in
in
g
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
d
r
aw
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
th
at
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
ject
an
d
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
5
.
1
.
Dem
o
g
ra
ph
ic
pro
f
ile
o
f
re
s
po
nd
ent
s
(
qu
e
s
t
io
nn
a
ire
pa
rt
1
)
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
was
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
co
llected
d
ata.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
D
e
mo
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
2
3
9
63
F
e
mal
e
1
3
9
37
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
d
e
g
r
e
e
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
3
0
6
81
D
i
p
l
o
m
a
72
19
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Usi
n
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
eo
r
y
t
o
a
d
o
p
tio
n
virt
u
a
l rea
lity a
mo
n
g
u
n
ivers
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
Gh
a
liy
a
A
lFa
r
s
i
)
1489
5
.
2
.
Q
ues
t
io
ns
s
urv
ey
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
all
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
as
well
as
o
p
tio
n
s
in
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ch
ec
k
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ein
g
h
an
d
e
d
o
v
e
r
to
th
e
n
ex
t
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
o
n
ce
ag
ain
ch
ec
k
ed
a
n
d
co
r
r
ec
ted
b
y
ex
p
er
t
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
De
p
ar
tm
en
t
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
in
th
e
Su
ltan
ate
o
f
Om
an
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
h
er
eb
y
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
Go
o
g
le
f
o
r
m
to
r
etr
iev
e
a
n
s
wer
s
.
5
.
3
.
M
ea
s
ure
v
a
lid
it
y
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
ex
am
in
e
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
iab
l
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
3
2
]
,
in
d
icato
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
c
ee
d
0
.
7
0
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
c
e
lev
el
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
et
at
0
.
0
5
.
A
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
0
.
7
0
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
laten
t
v
ar
ia
b
le
ca
n
ex
p
lain
at
least
5
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
its
in
d
icato
r
.
R
esam
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
jack
-
k
n
if
i
n
g
o
r
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
s
.
Po
zin
an
d
Naw
i
[
3
3
]
s
tated
th
at
w
h
en
elim
in
atin
g
in
d
icato
r
s
,
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
h
e
r
e
to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
PLS,
r
em
o
v
in
g
an
y
in
d
icato
r
with
a
lo
ad
in
g
v
alu
e
b
el
o
w
0
.
7
0
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
all
lo
ad
i
n
g
v
alu
es
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
7
0
,
s
o
n
o
in
d
ica
to
r
s
wer
e
r
em
o
v
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
k
ew
n
ess
v
alu
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
y
m
m
etr
y
o
f
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
No
v
alu
e
ex
ce
e
d
ed
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
k
ewe
d
r
an
g
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
2
7
]
,
wh
ich
is
b
etwe
en
-
2
.
5
8
an
d
+2
.
5
8
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lev
el.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
k
ewn
ess
r
esu
lts
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
r
ea
s
o
n
to
b
e
co
n
ce
r
n
e
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
ata'
s
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
;
th
u
s
,
th
ey
ar
e
en
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
alo
n
g
with
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
t lo
ad
in
g
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
[
3
4
]
,
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
i
lity
is
"a
n
in
d
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
with
wh
ich
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
ass
ess
es
th
e
id
ea
an
d
aid
s
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
.
"
A
c
r
itical
s
tag
e
in
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
item
is
to
ass
ess
i
ts
r
eliab
ilit
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ein
g
d
o
n
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
.
Me
asu
r
es
ar
e
o
f
ten
m
o
r
e
d
e
p
en
d
ab
le
wh
en
th
ey
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
er
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
o
th
er
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
r
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
er
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
as.
T
h
e
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
h
as
n
o
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
estrictio
n
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
h
as
a
ty
p
ical
lo
wer
lim
it
o
f
0
.
7
0
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
r
eliab
le
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
h
y
p
o
th
esis
test
in
g
.
Similar
to
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
Alp
h
a,
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
as
s
ess
e
s
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
u
t
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ad
in
g
s
o
f
item
s
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
I
t
is
an
o
th
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e.
Valu
es
ab
o
v
e
0
.
7
ar
e
g
e
n
er
al
ly
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
All
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ou
ter
lo
ad
in
g
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
I
t
e
ms
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
s
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
n
c
y
P
E1
P
E2
P
E3
P
E4
0
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8
6
9
0
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4
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0
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8
5
8
0
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8
4
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0
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0
0
0
Ef
f
o
r
t
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x
p
e
c
t
a
n
c
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EE1
EE2
EE3
EE4
0
.
7
7
0
0
.
7
8
0
0
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8
1
1
0
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8
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S
o
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8
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P
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1
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2
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3
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8
8
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8
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8
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V
i
r
t
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a
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a
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8
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5
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4
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
t
esting
I
t c
an
b
e
co
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clu
d
ed
th
at
all
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
d
o
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d
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d
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h
a
n
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e
“
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
”
m
o
d
el.
As
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
,
th
e
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
er
s
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
tak
e
th
ese
r
esu
lts
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
in
th
eir
f
u
tu
r
e
attem
p
t to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
v
ir
tu
a
l r
ea
lity
lear
n
in
g
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
4
8
5
-
1
4
9
2
1490
Fro
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
VR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
with
in
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
in
ten
d
ed
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
an
d
elu
cid
ate
how
u
s
er
s
will
b
eh
av
e
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
u
s
e
of
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y.
T
h
e
Un
i
f
ied
T
h
eo
r
y
o
f
Acc
ep
tan
ce
a
n
d
Use
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
2
(
UT
AU
T
2
)
,
as
well
as
its
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
iews
claim
ed
th
at
b
eh
av
i
o
r
is
a
m
ajo
r
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
in
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
VR
an
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
d
e
v
ices
-
f
o
r
th
at
im
p
ac
tin
g
u
p
o
n
UT
AUT
2
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
was
ab
le
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t
7
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
i
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
in
ten
ti
o
n
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
in
te
n
d
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
in
ten
tio
n
al
b
eh
av
io
r
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
e
co
n
o
m
ical
m
o
d
el
th
at
aid
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
of
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
is
th
e
UT
AUT
2
[
3
6
]
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
im
u
lat
io
n
wh
ich
allo
ws
th
e
u
s
er
to
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
lea
r
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
class
es
o
r
v
is
itin
g
s
p
ec
if
i
c
p
lace
s
wh
ile
ju
s
t
s
itti
n
g
at
h
o
m
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
u
ts
et,
d
ec
lar
e
d
th
at
b
eh
av
io
r
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
in
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
as
l
ea
r
n
in
g
to
o
ls
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
o
u
tco
m
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
e
UT
AUT
2
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
with
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
in
teg
r
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
an
s
wer
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
ese
tactics
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
ticip
an
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
r
e
f
lectio
n
o
n
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
e
in
Om
an
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
was f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
Al
B
u
r
aim
i U
n
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