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p
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ates
with
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el
en
er
g
y
t
o
allo
w
f
o
r
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
liv
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices [
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject
ar
e:
-
Mo
n
ito
r
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
lev
els in
r
ea
l t
im
e
[
1
6
]
.
-
T
r
an
s
m
it liv
e
d
ata
to
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
d
i
ag
n
o
s
tics
[
1
7
]
.
-
Au
to
m
atica
lly
ac
tiv
ate
co
o
lin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wh
en
th
er
m
al
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
ar
e
b
r
ea
ch
ed
[
1
8
]
.
-
Min
im
ize
en
er
g
y
an
d
wate
r
u
s
e
b
y
in
tellig
en
tly
d
is
ab
lin
g
co
o
lin
g
wh
en
n
o
t n
ee
d
ed
[
1
9
]
.
-
Pre
s
en
t o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ata
l
o
ca
lly
u
s
in
g
an
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
[
2
0
]
.
-
E
n
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lete
o
p
er
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
f
o
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ef
f
icien
cy
[
2
1
]
.
An
em
b
ed
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
is
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
task
s
.
T
y
p
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
th
is
u
s
e
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
in
g
,
an
d
ac
t
u
atio
n
d
ev
ices
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lar
co
o
lin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
will
u
s
e
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
co
n
tr
o
l
co
o
lin
g
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
c
o
llected
f
r
o
m
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
en
d
r
esu
lt
is
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
an
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
,
in
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
,
a
n
d
s
elf
-
ad
a
p
tin
g
way
to
m
an
ag
e
s
o
lar
ar
r
ay
s
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
I
o
T
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
au
to
m
ated
co
n
tr
o
l [
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
2.
SYST
E
M
ARCH
I
T
E
CT
U
R
E
AND
WO
RK
I
NG
P
RINC
I
P
L
E
An
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lar
p
an
el
c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
as
its
C
en
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it.
I
t
wo
r
k
s
with
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
id
it
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
en
to
tu
r
n
ON
o
r
OFF
th
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
elem
en
ts
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
elo
w:
i)
So
lar
p
an
el
an
d
c
h
ar
g
in
g
cir
c
u
it
:
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
u
s
es
clea
n
en
er
g
y
to
r
ec
h
ar
g
e
a
r
ec
h
a
r
g
e
ab
le
b
atter
y
v
ia
a
p
o
wer
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
is
allo
ws th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
y
s
tem
to
o
p
er
a
te
o
f
f
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
ii)
B
atter
y
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
a
n
d
s
witch
:
T
h
e
r
ec
h
ar
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
y
h
o
ld
s
all
th
e
en
er
g
y
th
at
is
co
l
lecte
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
an
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
p
o
wer
s
witch
th
at
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
to
a
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
.
iii)
Sen
s
o
r
s
(
DS1
8
B
2
0
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
):
-
T
h
e
DS1
8
B
2
0
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el.
-
T
h
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
in
d
icate
s
th
e
r
elativ
e
h
u
m
id
ity
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
t
o
h
e
lp
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
wh
en
wate
r
co
o
li
n
g
is
n
o
t n
ee
d
ed
in
d
am
p
co
n
d
itio
n
s
)
.
iv
)
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
:
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
tak
es
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
s
en
d
s
o
u
t
s
ig
n
als
to
th
e
ac
tu
ato
r
s
(
f
an
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
)
v
ia
d
i
g
ital
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
also
co
n
tr
o
ls
h
o
w
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
in
ter
ac
ts
with
th
e
W
i
-
Fi m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
I
o
T
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
v)
C
o
o
lin
g
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
-
T
h
e
wate
r
p
u
m
p
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
elay
m
o
d
u
le
,
wh
i
ch
tu
r
n
s
o
n
th
e
p
u
m
p
wh
e
n
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
is
ex
ce
ed
e
d
.
-
A
tr
an
s
is
to
r
cir
cu
it
is
u
s
ed
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
a
C
PU
f
an
b
ased
o
n
lo
g
ic
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
-
T
h
e
L
C
D
d
r
iv
er
a
n
d
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
allo
w
f
o
r
lo
ca
l v
iewin
g
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
m
o
i
s
tu
r
e
lev
els.
-
An
E
SP
8
2
6
6
W
i
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le
s
en
d
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
lev
el
d
ata
to
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
d
ata
s
to
r
a
g
e.
v
i)
I
o
T
p
latf
o
r
m
-
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
:
Se
n
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
ar
e
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
to
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
,
w
h
ich
is
an
o
p
e
n
-
s
o
u
r
ce
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
t
h
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
s
ee
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
o
w
th
ei
r
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
a
d
is
tan
ce
.
2
.
1
.
So
la
r
pa
nel sp
ec
if
ica
t
io
ns
a
nd
cha
rg
ing
circ
uit
des
c
ript
io
n
A
p
o
ly
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
r
ated
at
(
Vm
p
=
1
8
V,
I
m
p
=
1
.
1
1
A)
h
as
an
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
1
.
6
V
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
.
2
A,
th
u
s
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
em
b
ed
d
e
d
an
d
I
o
T
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el
wo
r
k
s
well
wh
en
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
STC)
o
f
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
an
d
2
5
°C
am
b
ien
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
A
ch
ar
g
in
g
cir
c
u
it
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
af
ely
p
ass
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
t
o
a
1
2
V
r
ec
h
ar
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
y
s
o
as
to
allo
w
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
f
o
r
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
is
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
d
io
d
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
tag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ated
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
r
ev
er
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
att
er
y
b
ac
k
to
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
wh
en
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
is
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
v
er
y
lo
w
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
els
an
d
in
th
e
e
v
en
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
also
cu
r
r
en
t
lim
itin
g
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
d
e
v
ices
in
p
lace
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
b
atter
y
f
r
o
m
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
o
r
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
i
n
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
tab
le
DC
Po
wer
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
b
o
ar
d
an
d
o
th
e
r
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
S
ma
r
t I
o
T
-
b
a
s
ed
temp
era
tu
r
e
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
co
o
lin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
o
la
r
p
a
n
els
…
(
Mu
la
S
r
ee
n
iv
a
s
a
R
ed
d
y
)
783
2
.
2
.
Wo
r
k
ing
princip
le
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
r
u
n
s
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
o
f
f
a
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
e
d
b
atter
y
th
at
s
u
p
p
lies
a
c
o
n
s
tan
t
DC
v
o
ltag
e
to
o
p
er
ate
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
.
On
ce
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
r
ec
eiv
e
d
p
o
wer
(
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
c
h
ar
g
in
g
)
,
it
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
s
ca
n
s
b
o
th
th
e
DS1
8
B
2
0
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
t
h
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
f
o
r
d
ata
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
I
f
th
e
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
r
is
es
o
v
er
a
s
et
h
ig
h
lim
it
(
s
u
ch
as
4
5
d
e
g
r
ee
s
C
)
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
C
PU
f
an
an
d
wate
r
in
g
p
u
m
p
ar
e
ac
tiv
at
ed
b
y
th
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3.
SCH
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AG
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3
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circ
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des
cr
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T
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c
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p
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n
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in
v
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lv
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in
cir
cu
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escr
ip
tio
n
ar
e:
i)
Po
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
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in
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cir
cu
it:
T
h
e
p
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p
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ly
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to
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q
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ii)
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO)
:
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ce
n
te
r
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
its
Dig
ital
I
/O
Pin
s
co
n
n
ec
ts
all
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
ip
h
e
r
als
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
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em
.
T
h
e
m
icr
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co
n
tr
o
ller
wil
l
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
l
o
g
ic,
will
r
ea
d
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata,
will
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
co
o
lin
g
d
ev
ices,
a
n
d
will c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
e
s
m
ar
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
with
W
i
-
Fi.
iii)
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
DS1
8
B
2
0
)
:
T
h
e
tem
p
e
r
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r
e
s
en
s
o
r
DS1
8
B
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is
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1
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d
ig
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tal
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r
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th
at
will
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e
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n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
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'
s
p
in
D7
.
T
h
e
tem
p
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r
e
s
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s
o
r
DS1
8
B
2
0
will
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
tem
p
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r
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o
f
th
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s
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r
f
ac
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o
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th
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lar
p
a
n
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d
th
en
p
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v
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th
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tem
p
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at
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m
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n
th
at
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
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co
n
t
r
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l lo
g
ic.
iv
)
Mo
is
tu
r
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s
en
s
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r
:
I
t
is
co
n
n
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ted
to
an
alo
g
p
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n
A0
.
Me
asu
r
e
s
en
v
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o
n
m
en
tal
h
u
m
id
ity
an
d
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
o
r
o
v
e
r
r
id
e
wate
r
-
b
ased
co
o
lin
g
wh
en
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
v)
C
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
:
-
W
ater
p
u
m
p
:
D
r
iv
en
b
y
a
r
ela
y
cir
cu
it
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
to
p
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o
f
Ar
d
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in
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.
T
h
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co
n
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r
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lled
v
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a
B
C
5
4
7
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tr
an
s
is
to
r
an
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p
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tecte
d
b
y
a
f
ly
b
ac
k
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e.
-
C
PU
Fan
:
Dr
iv
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d
ir
e
ctly
u
s
in
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a
tr
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s
is
to
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s
witch
(
B
C
5
4
7
)
,
wh
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allo
ws
th
e
f
an
to
b
e
to
g
g
le
d
b
ased
o
n
tem
p
er
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r
e
l
o
g
ic.
v
i)
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
(
1
6
x
2
)
:
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t
is
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
d
ig
ital
p
i
n
s
D3
–
D6
to
th
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
a
n
d
d
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lay
s
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l
-
tim
e
tem
p
er
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r
e
a
n
d
m
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is
tu
r
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
tatu
s
(
e.
g
.
,
“
C
o
o
lin
g
ON/OFF”)
.
v
ii)
Wi
-
Fi
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
o
d
u
le)
:
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t
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
p
in
s
D0
an
d
D1
(
R
X/T
X)
,
an
d
it
s
en
d
s
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
to
th
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
I
o
T
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
v
iii)
R
eset
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
witch
es:
A
m
an
u
al
p
u
s
h
-
b
u
tto
n
r
eset
is
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
in
itial
izatio
n
,
an
d
a
b
y
p
ass
s
witch
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
an
u
ally
d
is
ab
le
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
u
r
in
g
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it sch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
s
m
ar
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
3
.
2
.
Wo
r
k
ing
m
et
ho
d
W
h
en
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
it
r
ea
d
s
all
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
it.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
will
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
ap
p
licatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
W
i
-
Fi
ch
ip
.
T
h
e
DS1
8
B
2
0
s
en
s
o
r
will
b
e
ab
le
to
r
ea
d
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
at
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
.
W
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ex
c
ee
d
s
a
ce
r
tain
lev
el
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
(
e.
g
.
,
4
5
°C
)
,
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
will
tu
r
n
o
n
th
e
C
PU
co
o
lin
g
f
a
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
witch
an
d
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
r
elay
f
o
r
tu
r
n
in
g
o
n
th
e
wate
r
p
u
m
p
.
T
h
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
will
r
em
ain
in
o
p
e
r
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
S
ma
r
t I
o
T
-
b
a
s
ed
temp
era
tu
r
e
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
co
o
lin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
o
la
r
p
a
n
els
…
(
Mu
la
S
r
ee
n
iv
a
s
a
R
ed
d
y
)
785
u
n
til
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
g
o
es
b
el
o
w
a
ce
r
tain
lev
el
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
h
y
s
ter
esis
(
e.
g
.
,
4
0
°C
)
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
lo
ca
lly
o
n
a
n
L
C
D
an
d
s
en
t
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
to
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
'
s
clo
u
d
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
I
f
a
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
u
s
ed
as
an
o
p
tio
n
,
it
will
all
o
w
f
o
r
th
e
b
y
p
ass
in
g
o
f
th
e
wate
r
d
o
wn
to
th
e
p
an
el
w
h
en
t
h
e
p
an
el
is
wet
af
ter
r
ain
.
T
h
e
to
tal
s
etu
p
is
in
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e,
s
elf
-
s
u
f
f
icien
t,
an
d
ad
e
q
u
ate
f
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
in
o
f
f
-
g
r
i
d
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Har
d
war
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
s
m
ar
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
s
o
lar
p
an
els
3
.
2
.
1
.
Arduin
o
pro
g
ra
m
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
co
o
lin
g
lo
g
ic
T
h
e
co
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
m
ar
t
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
o
n
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
UNO
u
s
in
g
em
b
ed
d
ed
C
++
.
T
h
e
co
d
e
in
teg
r
ates te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
en
s
in
g
,
f
an
/p
u
m
p
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
,
an
d
I
o
T
-
b
ased
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
v
ia
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
u
s
in
g
an
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
o
d
u
le.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
ject
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
E
m
b
e
d
d
ed
C
++
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
m
a
r
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(8,9); // RX, TX
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);
OneWire ds(10); // on pin 10 (a 4.7K resistor is necessary)
byte i;
byte present = 0;
byte type_s;
byte data[12];
byte addr[8];
float celsius, fahrenheit;
int fan = 11;
int relay = 12;
char ch;
//char data[85];
String data1 = "";
char cnct[10] = ",CONNECT";
int dsize = data1.length();
// previous length of the String
String apiKey = "4OKEMJ4WKL2TMDV9";
int led = 13;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
781
-
792
786
int tcount = 0;
void setup(void)
{
Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(115200);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
pinMode(fan, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Arduino IOT ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Solar Cooling");
mySerial.print("AT
\
r
\
n");
mySerial.println("AT+RST");
delay(300);
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(700);
// wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by
delay(700);
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(700); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by
delay(700);
//
Serial.println(" Start... ");
}
void loop(void)
{
int level = analogRead(A0);
level = map(level,0,1023,100,0);
celsius = ds.read();
Serial.print(level);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.println(celsius);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temp:");
lcd.print(celsius);
lcd.print(" DegC");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Level:");
lcd.print(level);
lcd.print(" %");
delay(1000); // maybe 750ms is enough, maybe not
if(celsius > 40)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("High Temperature");
digitalWrite(fan, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
}
else
{
digitalWrite(fan, LOW); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
}
if(level > 40)
{
digitalWrite(relay, LOW); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
}
tcount++;
if(tcount > 12)
{
tcount = 0;
String getStr = "GET /update?api_key=";
getStr += apiKey;
getStr +="&field1=";
getStr += String(celsius);
getStr +="&field2=";
getStr += String(level);
getStr += "
\
r
\
n
\
r
\
n";
mySerial.print(getStr);
}
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
S
ma
r
t I
o
T
-
b
a
s
ed
temp
era
tu
r
e
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
co
o
lin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
o
la
r
p
a
n
els
…
(
Mu
la
S
r
ee
n
iv
a
s
a
R
ed
d
y
)
787
3
.
2
.
2
.
I
o
T
m
o
nito
ring
v
i
a
T
hin
g
Sp
ea
k
T
h
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
W
i
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le
tr
an
s
m
its
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
lev
els,
to
th
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
is
a
web
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ice
th
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
s
av
e,
v
iew,
an
d
an
aly
s
es
th
eir
d
ata
with
ch
ar
ts
an
d
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
eir
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ch
ec
k
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
co
o
lin
g
elem
en
ts
,
an
d
to
tr
o
u
b
le
s
h
o
o
t
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
o
b
lem
s
lik
e
f
ailin
g
to
c
o
o
l
d
o
wn
en
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
d
u
ct
h
is
to
r
ical
tr
en
d
an
aly
s
es
will
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
s
as
it
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
e
s
tab
lis
h
th
e
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ed
i
ct
m
ain
ten
an
ce
n
ee
d
s
.
3
.
3
.
Co
m
po
nent
des
cr
iptio
n
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
ac
h
n
u
m
b
e
r
ed
m
o
d
u
le
is
ess
en
tial
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
t
en
ab
les
s
en
s
in
g
,
ac
tu
atio
n
,
co
n
tr
o
l
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Descr
ip
tio
n
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
to
h
elp
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
b
en
ef
its
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
way
th
e
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
,
h
o
w
th
ey
co
n
s
u
m
e
en
e
r
g
y
,
h
o
w
in
tellig
en
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
an
d
wh
at
th
eir
ef
f
ec
t
is
o
n
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
m
p
ar
e
d
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
ty
p
es o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
ep
lo
y
ed
an
d
ass
ess
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
s
ettin
g
s
,
an
d
its
ef
f
icien
cy
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
co
o
lin
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
e.
i)
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
d
etec
tio
n
:
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
etec
to
r
DS1
8
B
2
0
was
ab
le
to
ac
cu
r
ately
d
etec
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ch
an
g
es,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
an
ac
cu
r
ate
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
o
r
e
q
u
al
t
o
0
.
5
°C
an
d
a
1
-
s
ec
o
n
d
d
elay
i
n
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
c
h
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
tim
e
th
at
it
s
en
s
ed
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
ii)
Activ
atio
n
o
f
c
o
o
lin
g
:
T
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
C
PU
f
an
a
n
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
ce
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
ex
ce
ed
ed
4
5
°C
an
d
co
n
tin
u
a
l
co
o
lin
g
to
o
k
p
lace
u
n
til
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
an
els
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
u
n
d
er
4
0
°
C
,
th
er
eb
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
h
y
s
ter
esis
b
eh
av
io
r
th
at
p
r
e
v
en
ted
r
ap
i
d
s
witch
in
g
o
f
co
o
lin
g
.
iii)
I
m
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
:
So
lar
p
an
els
cr
ea
ted
a
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ea
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
ea
t
o
f
th
e
d
ay
,
b
u
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
d
r
o
p
p
ed
d
r
am
atica
lly
o
n
ce
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
r
ea
ch
e
d
5
0
°C
with
n
o
co
o
lin
g
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
er
ef
o
r
e
was
ab
le
to
m
ain
t
ain
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
8
°C
to
4
4
°C
f
o
r
th
e
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
w
h
ich
en
ab
le
d
th
e
p
a
n
el
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t.
E
f
f
icien
c
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
0
%
-
1
2
%
wer
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
p
ea
k
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
th
e
s
m
ar
t
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
iv
)
E
lectr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
:
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
icity
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
C
PU
f
an
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
was
less
th
an
two
watts
co
m
b
in
e
d
,
t
h
is
is
a
v
er
y
s
m
all
a
d
d
itio
n
wh
en
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
th
e
c
o
o
l
ed
s
o
lar
p
an
e
l
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
m
o
r
e
elec
tr
icity
th
a
n
th
e
C
PU f
an
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
u
s
ed
.
v)
R
em
o
te
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
:
T
h
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
m
o
d
u
le
was
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
all
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
to
th
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
p
la
tf
o
r
m
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
liv
e
d
ash
b
o
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
h
is
to
r
ical
tr
en
d
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
d
ata
was
co
llected
an
d
p
lo
tted
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
,
wh
ich
e
n
ab
led
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tics
.
La
b
e
l
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
u
mm
a
r
y
1
S
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
s
su
n
l
i
g
h
t
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
s
y
st
e
m.
2
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
s
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
saf
e
l
y
f
r
o
m
so
l
a
r
i
n
p
u
t
.
3
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
S
t
o
r
e
s
so
l
a
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
o
p
o
w
e
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m w
h
e
n
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
i
s
l
o
w
.
4
S
w
i
t
c
h
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
se
n
s
o
r
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
.
5
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
N
O
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
c
e
sses
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
6
D
S
1
8
B
2
0
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
M
e
a
su
r
e
s s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
7
M
o
i
st
u
r
e
s
e
n
so
r
D
e
t
e
c
t
s
h
u
mi
d
i
t
y
o
r
r
a
i
n
,
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
s c
o
o
l
i
n
g
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s.
8
LC
D
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
D
i
sp
l
a
y
s re
a
l
-
t
i
me
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
sy
s
t
e
m
st
a
t
u
s.
9
R
e
l
a
y
A
c
t
s
a
s a
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
sw
i
t
c
h
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
f
a
n
/
p
u
m
p
.
10
W
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
S
p
r
a
y
s wa
t
e
r
f
o
r
r
a
p
i
d
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
p
a
n
e
l
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
t
s.
11
Tr
a
n
s
i
st
o
r
A
mp
l
i
f
i
e
s
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
si
g
n
a
l
s t
o
sw
i
t
c
h
h
i
g
h
e
r
-
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
.
12
C
P
U
f
a
n
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
s a
i
r
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
.
13
ESP
8
2
6
6
W
i
-
F
i
m
o
d
u
l
e
S
e
n
d
s
d
a
t
a
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
f
o
r
I
o
T
-
b
a
se
d
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
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Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
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788
v
i)
Scalab
ilit
y
an
d
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
:
User
s
ca
n
ch
an
g
e
th
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
an
d
/
o
r
tim
in
g
v
ia
co
d
e
u
p
d
ates.
T
h
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
izes,
ty
p
es,
an
d
clim
ate
s
.
v
ii)
L
im
itatio
n
s
:
W
h
en
am
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
ex
ce
e
d
5
0
°C
,
air
-
co
o
lin
g
o
n
ly
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
well
en
o
u
g
h
b
y
its
elf
.
At
th
o
s
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
s
will
u
s
e
m
is
tin
g
o
r
p
h
ase
-
c
h
an
g
e
m
ater
ia
ls
to
ass
is
t
with
co
o
lin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
is
a
n
ef
f
icie
n
t
way
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
lls
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
a
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
au
to
n
o
m
y
in
o
p
er
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
wo
u
ld
b
e
b
e
s
t
s
u
ited
to
lo
ca
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
r
em
o
te
o
r
h
av
e
n
o
ac
ce
s
s
to
elec
tr
icity
an
d
th
at
r
ely
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
S
l
.
N
o
.
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
y
st
e
m
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
sm
a
r
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
a
se
d
)
1
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
me
t
h
o
d
M
a
n
u
a
l
o
r
p
a
ssi
v
e
A
u
t
o
ma
t
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
u
s
i
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
2
C
o
o
l
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
A
l
w
a
y
s
o
n
o
r
f
i
x
e
d
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
A
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
me
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
3
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
t
i
o
n
H
i
g
h
(
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
Lo
w
(
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
)
4
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
A
b
se
n
t
o
r
m
a
n
u
a
l
R
e
a
l
-
t
i
me
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
s (
e
.
g
.
,
D
S
1
8
B
2
0
)
5
S
y
st
e
m i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
N
o
n
e
S
mart
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
u
si
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
mi
n
g
6
I
n
st
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
s
t
Lo
w
t
o
mo
d
e
r
a
t
e
S
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
h
i
g
h
e
r
(
d
u
e
t
o
se
n
so
r
s
a
n
d
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
a
r
d
)
7
M
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
H
i
g
h
e
r
(
d
u
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
u
se)
Lo
w
e
r
(
o
p
t
i
mi
z
e
d
u
sa
g
e
r
e
d
u
c
e
s we
a
r
a
n
d
t
e
a
r
)
8
C
o
o
l
i
n
g
met
h
o
d
F
i
x
e
d
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
(
e
.
g
.
,
s
t
a
t
i
c
f
a
n
s,
w
a
t
e
r
f
l
o
w
)
D
y
n
a
mi
c
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
(
C
P
U
f
a
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
)
9
R
e
s
p
o
n
se
t
i
me
S
l
o
w
F
a
st
(
i
n
s
t
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s r
e
sp
o
n
se
t
o
h
e
a
t
r
i
se)
10
S
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
Lo
w
e
r
(
d
u
e
t
o
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
t
i
n
g
)
H
i
g
h
e
r
(
d
u
e
t
o
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
)
11
C
u
s
t
o
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
Ea
sy
(
c
a
n
a
d
j
u
st
t
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
s
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
c
o
d
e
)
12
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
mp
a
c
t
H
i
g
h
e
r
(
m
o
r
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
w
a
st
a
g
e
)
Lo
w
e
r
(
e
n
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