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Fig
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in
g
an
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n
te
l
A
l
ter
a
DE
2
-
1
1
5
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
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o
ar
d
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wh
ich
i
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
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C
y
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lo
n
e
I
I
E
P2
C
7
0
FP
G
A
.
T
h
e
F
P
GA
’
s
r
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
l
e
ar
ch
i
te
ctu
r
e
an
d
p
ar
a
ll
el
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
i
li
t
ie
s
en
ab
l
e
th
e
p
r
ec
i
s
e
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
w
it
ch
i
n
g
p
at
te
r
n
s
.
T
h
e
F
PG
A
's
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
ls
,
i
n
i
ti
al
ly
at
3
.
3
V,
ar
e
b
o
o
s
ted
to
1
5
V
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
ci
r
cu
it.
T
h
i
s
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
wi
tch
es
ar
e
f
u
lly
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
to
p
er
m
it
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
r
ain
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
t
er
m
in
a
l
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
lo
ad
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
L
C
f
i
lt
er
s
s
u
p
p
r
e
s
s
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
n
o
i
s
e
an
d
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs
to
r
ef
in
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
r
e
s
u
lt
in
g
in
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
A
C
s
ig
n
a
l.
Af
t
er
f
il
tr
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
is
p
ass
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
t
e
p
-
u
p
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
t
o
r
aise
t
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
t
o
2
4
0
V
ac
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
it
co
m
p
a
ti
b
le
wit
h
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
ec
t
e
d
o
r
s
t
a
n
d
alo
n
e
AC
l
o
a
d
s
.
T
h
e
7
-
l
ev
el
in
v
e
r
t
er
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
t
o
cl
o
s
e
ly
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
a
n
i
d
e
al
s
in
e
wa
v
e
,
ac
h
ie
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
ar
ef
u
l
m
o
d
u
l
ati
o
n
o
f
s
wi
t
c
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
r
e
d
u
c
es
T
HD
,
m
in
im
i
ze
s
t
h
e
s
iz
e
o
f
r
eq
u
i
r
e
d
f
ilt
er
s
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
a
co
m
p
ac
t
a
n
d
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
f
o
r
r
e
n
ew
ab
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
d
e
li
v
e
r
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
h
i
le
m
ai
n
ta
in
in
g
s
im
p
li
cit
y
i
n
d
es
ig
n
a
n
d
im
p
l
em
e
n
t
ati
o
n
.
3.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
P
RINC
I
P
L
E
S O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NVER
T
E
R
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
a
7
-
lev
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
cir
c
u
it
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
s
witch
in
g
s
tates.
E
ac
h
lev
el
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
s
witch
es
b
ein
g
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
o
r
o
f
f
.
T
h
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
7
-
le
v
el,
8
-
s
witch
m
u
ltil
ev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
r
o
m
+1
8
V
to
-
18
V;
f
o
r
2
V
dc
=1
2
V
an
d
V
dc
= 6
V
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
7
-
le
v
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Switch
in
g
s
tates a
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
(
V
out
)
o
f
7
-
le
v
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
T
ab
le
1.
Switch
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
r
7
-
l
e
v
el
8
s
witch
ML
I
M
o
d
e
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
S
8
V
dc
M
o
d
e
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
+
18
M
o
d
e
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
+
12
M
o
d
e
3
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
+
6
M
o
d
e
4
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
M
o
d
e
5
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
-
6
M
o
d
e
6
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
-
12
M
o
d
e
7
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
-
18
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
2
3
1
-
1242
1234
4.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
P
RINC
I
P
L
E
S
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
at
a
s
tead
y
s
tate
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ev
en
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
es,
an
d
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
its
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
ich
c
an
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
i)
Mo
d
e
1
(
1
8
V
)
: A
ctiv
e
s
witch
es,
S
1
, S
4
,
S
5
,
an
d
S
8.
C
u
r
r
en
t f
lo
ws th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
witch
es S
1
a
n
d
S
4
in
th
e
to
p
in
v
er
ter
an
d
S
5
an
d
S
6
in
th
e
b
o
tto
m
in
v
er
ter
,
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
es
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
ea
k
p
o
s
itiv
e
l
ev
el
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
’
s
o
p
er
ati
o
n
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
s
tep
in
th
e
7
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
=
2
+
=
3
(
1
)
ii)
Mo
d
e
2
(
1
2
V
)
:
Activ
e
s
witc
h
es:
S
1
,
S
4
,
S
7
,
an
d
S
8
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
S
1
an
d
S
2
an
d
b
y
p
ass
es
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
o
u
r
ce
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
al
to
2
V
dc
(
1
2
V)
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
o
f
+1
2
V,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
in
th
e
s
ev
en
-
lev
el
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
=
2
(
2
)
iii)
Mo
d
e
3
(
6
V
)
:
Activ
e
s
witch
es:
S
3
,
S
4
,
S
5
,
an
d
S
8
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
S
3
a
n
d
S
4
,
a
d
d
in
g
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
o
u
r
ce
(
V
dc
)
to
th
e
cir
cu
it.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
m
o
d
e,
o
n
ly
th
e
b
o
tto
m
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
g
en
er
ates
an
in
te
r
m
ed
iat
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
+6
V,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
th
ir
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
lev
e
l
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t.
=
(
3
)
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(f)
(
g
)
Fig
u
r
e
4.
Stead
y
s
tate
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
ea
c
h
m
o
d
e
(
a)
M
o
d
e
1
:
1
8
V
,
(
b
)
Mo
d
e
2
:
1
2
V
,
(
c
)
Mo
d
e
3
: 6
V
,
(
d
)
Mo
d
e
4
: 0
V
,
(
e)
M
o
d
e
5
:
-
6
V
,
(
f
)
Mo
d
e
6
:
-
1
2
V
,
an
d
(
g
)
Mo
d
e
1
:
-
1
8
V
iv
)
Mo
d
e
4
(
0
V
)
:
Activ
e
s
witch
es:
S
3
,
S
4
,
S
7
,
an
d
S
8
.
T
h
e
to
p
a
n
d
b
o
tto
m
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
b
y
p
ass
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
n
o
n
et
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
ter
m
in
al.
T
h
is
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
tate
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
etwe
en
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
s
tep
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
y
m
m
etr
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f 7
-
leve
l c
a
s
ca
d
e
a
s
y
mme
tr
ic
mu
ltil
ev
e
l in
ve
r
ter fo
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
…
(
A
fa
r
u
lr
a
z
i A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
1235
=
0
(
4
)
v)
Mo
d
e
5
(
-
6
V
)
:
Activ
e
s
witch
es:
S
3
,
S
4
,
S
6
,
an
d
S
7
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
v
er
ted
p
o
lar
ity
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
o
u
r
ce
(
V
dc
)
.
On
ly
t
h
e
lo
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
is
u
s
ed
,
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
-
6
V,
wh
ich
m
ir
r
o
r
s
Mo
d
e
3
in
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
h
alf
c
y
cle.
=
−
(
5
)
v
i)
Mo
d
e
6
(
-
12
V
)
:
Activ
e
s
witch
es:
S
2
,
S
3
,
S
7
,
an
d
S
8
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
v
er
ted
p
o
lar
ity
o
f
t
h
e
to
p
s
o
u
r
ce
(2
V
dc
)
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
in
an
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
-
12
V,
c
o
r
r
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o
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t
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ll sy
m
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=
−
(
2
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=
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)
5.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
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h
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tio
n
d
etails
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g
a
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-
lev
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s
ca
d
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asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
s
im
u
la
tio
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s
in
g
MA
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/S
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lin
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in
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d
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g
co
m
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o
n
en
t
r
atin
g
s
an
d
g
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r
atin
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s
witch
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co
n
tr
o
l
v
ia
Qu
ar
tu
s
I
I
s
o
f
twar
e.
5
.
1
.
M
AT
L
AB
/Si
m
uli
nk
s
o
f
t
wa
re
T
h
is
s
tag
e
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o
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s
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m
o
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ellin
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o
p
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ed
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o
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
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s
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g
MA
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L
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m
u
lin
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f
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e.
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am
eter
s
f
o
r
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er
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o
m
p
o
n
en
t
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
n
d
ass
ess
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
cir
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it
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esig
n
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o
r
th
is
ap
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r
o
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h
b
y
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s
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PW
M
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ates
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f
o
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th
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ML
I
.
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h
e
T
H
D
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t w
av
e
f
o
r
m
was r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
with
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
s
o
f
twar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
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w
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lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
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2
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J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
2
3
1
-
1242
1236
5
.
2
.
Q
ua
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Fig
u
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e
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illu
s
tr
ates
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witch
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g
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
Qu
a
r
tu
s
I
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ed
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ateg
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h
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t,
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ltip
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if
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er
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u
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an
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ter
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n
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s
e
d
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t
p
u
ls
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ig
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er
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
altp
ll
o
u
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t
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to
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r
o
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id
e
a
5
0
Hz
o
u
t
p
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
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o
th
ar
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
ized
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eg
af
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
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n
b
e
co
n
f
i
g
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r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Qu
ar
tu
s
I
P
ca
tal
o
g
u
e.
T
h
e
lp
m
_
c
o
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n
ter
is
s
et
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co
u
n
t
f
r
o
m
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to
2
0
0
0
0
,
wh
e
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eb
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ch
m
o
d
e
o
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o
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er
atio
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e
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u
als
~1
6
6
7
clo
ck
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
e
r
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
ter
will
ca
u
s
e
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
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u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
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e
n
cy
an
d
m
a
k
e
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s
y
to
ad
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u
s
t
th
e
tr
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itio
n
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etwe
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t
u
r
n
in
g
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an
d
o
f
f
th
e
s
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T
h
e
PL
L
m
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ip
u
lates
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ck
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ig
n
al
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en
er
ate
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e
r
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ir
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r
e
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u
en
cies.
T
h
e
co
u
n
ter
s
an
d
s
h
if
t
r
eg
is
ter
s
ar
e
lik
ely
u
s
ed
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im
p
lem
en
t
tim
in
g
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s
eq
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e
n
cin
g
,
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
l
o
g
ic.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
ed
ica
ted
g
en
er
al
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t (
GPI
O)
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
PW
M
s
witch
in
g
d
esig
n
o
f
7
-
lev
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
e
tr
ic
ML
I
in
Qu
ar
tu
s
I
I
s
o
f
twar
e
5
.
3
.
H
a
rdwa
re
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
In
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
q
u
an
tity
an
d
r
a
tin
g
o
f
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ch
co
m
p
o
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en
t
th
at
is
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s
ed
in
th
e
7
-
lev
el
c
ascad
e
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
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av
e
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ee
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ted
.
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h
e
r
at
in
g
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
wer
r
at
in
g
.
All
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m
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o
n
en
t
r
atin
g
s
ar
e
s
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ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
i
r
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en
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
7
-
lev
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
i
c
ML
I
.
I
n
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
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o
f
2
2
m
H
an
d
2
2
0
μ
F
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
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ilter
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g
th
e
o
u
t
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u
t
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ef
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r
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s
m
o
o
th
in
g
o
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t
v
o
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r
ip
p
les,
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d
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s
u
r
in
g
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
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o
f
th
e
in
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e
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
lete
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im
en
tal
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r
o
to
ty
p
e.
T
h
e
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ip
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en
t
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s
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in
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im
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ly
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m
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at
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d
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A
p
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r
am
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le
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p
p
ly
,
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s
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d
e
asy
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m
etr
ic
ML
I
,
an
d
I
n
tel
Al
ter
a
DE
2
-
1
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f 7
-
leve
l c
a
s
ca
d
e
a
s
y
mme
tr
ic
mu
ltil
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e
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ve
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ter fo
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)
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le
2
.
Sp
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ar
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ter
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o
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Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
x
p
er
im
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n
tal
p
r
o
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o
ty
p
e
6.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
7
-
lev
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
T
HD
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
f
ilter
s
in
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
.
Sin
ce
th
e
l
o
ad
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u
r
e
r
esis
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ce
,
th
e
T
HD
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
v
o
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g
e
will b
e
eq
u
al.
6
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n r
esu
lt
o
f
7
-
le
v
el
ca
s
ca
de
a
s
y
mm
et
ric
MLI
T
h
e
7
-
lev
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
ML
I
is
a
p
o
wer
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
e
r
ter
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
b
o
th
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
DC
in
p
u
ts
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
u
n
f
ilter
e
d
an
d
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
a
7
-
lev
el
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
(
ML
I
)
.
I
t
also
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
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s
s
ev
en
d
is
tin
ct
v
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ltag
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s
tep
s
r
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r
o
m
p
o
s
itiv
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to
n
eg
ati
v
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ically
with
an
a
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e
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ig
n
al.
T
h
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
o
u
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t
wav
ef
o
r
m
in
d
icate
s
a
b
alan
ce
d
o
u
tp
u
t,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
v
er
te
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
t
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
L
C
f
ilter
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
m
o
o
th
s
th
e
s
tep
p
ed
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
t
h
e
ch
o
s
en
v
alu
e
o
f
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
FF
T
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
7
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
with
o
u
t
a
n
L
C
f
il
ter
,
s
im
u
lated
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
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m
u
lin
k
s
o
f
twar
e
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
at
5
0
Hz
d
o
m
in
ates
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
;
h
o
wev
er
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
till
ex
is
t.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
T
HD
is
2
1
.
3
1
%,
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
th
e
ac
ce
p
t
ab
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
an
d
in
d
icati
n
g
t
h
at
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
till
co
n
tain
s
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
n
o
n
-
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
T
HD
v
alu
e
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
p
ass
iv
e
f
ilter
t
o
atten
u
ate
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
FF
T
an
aly
s
is
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
af
ter
th
e
L
C
f
ilter
is
ap
p
lied
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
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n
f
ilter
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r
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lt,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
atten
u
ated
,
r
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ltin
g
in
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
T
HD
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
3
.
8
1
%,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
L
C
f
ilter
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ef
f
ec
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
2
3
1
-
1242
1238
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
7
-
lev
el
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
u
n
f
i
lter
ed
an
d
f
ilter
ed
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
7
-
lev
el
T
HD
v
o
ltag
e
r
esu
lt
:
(
a)
with
o
u
t a
n
d
(
b
)
wit
h
a
f
ilter
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
6
.
2
.
E
x
perim
ent
re
s
ult
o
f
7
-
l
ev
el
ca
s
ca
de
a
s
y
mm
et
ric
MLI
T
h
e
T
HD
f
o
r
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
aly
s
is
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
AD/DC
elec
tr
o
n
ic
lo
ad
b
y
C
h
r
o
m
a
6
8
0
0
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
10
(
a
)
an
d
10
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
ter
ap
p
ly
in
g
a
f
ilter
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
,
th
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
ex
h
ib
its
d
is
tin
ct
s
tep
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
7
-
lev
el
in
v
e
r
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
R
MS
ar
e
3
7
.
7
V
an
d
1
0
.
3
V,
r
esp
ec
t
iv
ely
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
th
eo
r
eti
ca
l
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
i
n
g
1
2
V
an
d
6
V
asy
m
m
etr
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
3
6
V,
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
a
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
v
alu
e
o
f
3
7
.
7
V.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
m
ay
b
e
attr
i
b
u
ted
to
to
ler
an
ce
s
in
th
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
witch
in
g
tr
an
s
ien
ts
,
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
b
ec
o
m
es
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
with
a
s
lig
h
tly
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
e
ak
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
9
.
4
V
b
u
t
a
h
ig
h
er
R
MS
v
o
lt
ag
e
o
f
1
0
.
3
V.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
b
y
th
e
f
ilter
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
ilter
in
g
in
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
te
r
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
T
HD
with
o
u
t a
n
d
w
ith
th
e
f
ilter
was 2
1
.
6
1
% a
n
d
1
.
5
%
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
7
-
lev
el
FF
T
with
o
u
t
a
f
ilter
,
w
h
ich
g
ets
a
n
am
p
litu
d
e
v
alu
e
o
f
6
7
.
5
8
d
B
.
T
h
e
v
er
tical
ax
is
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
d
ec
ib
els (
d
B
)
.
Hig
h
er
p
ea
k
s
in
d
icate
s
tr
o
n
g
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
ax
is
s
h
o
ws th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
av
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
v
i
s
ib
le
at
5
0
Hz.
Fo
r
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
th
e
tallest
s
p
ik
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
t
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
5
0
Hz)
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
m
aller
p
ea
k
s
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
at
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
s
u
ch
as
1
5
0
Hz,
2
5
0
H
z,
an
d
3
5
0
Hz
r
ep
r
esen
t
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
e
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
a
g
n
itu
d
es.
T
h
ese
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
ar
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
'
s
s
wit
ch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
a
f
ilter
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
7
-
lev
el
FF
T
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
f
ilter
,
wh
ic
h
g
ets
an
am
p
litu
d
e
v
alu
e
o
f
6
7
.
7
9
d
B
.
I
t
is
s
im
i
lar
to
th
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
ca
s
e;
th
e
talle
s
t
s
p
ik
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
at
5
0
Hz.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
r
esu
lt,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
lik
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f 7
-
leve
l c
a
s
ca
d
e
a
s
y
mme
tr
ic
mu
ltil
ev
e
l in
ve
r
ter fo
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
…
(
A
fa
r
u
lr
a
z
i A
b
u
B
a
ka
r
)
1239
1
5
0
Hz,
2
5
0
Hz,
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
atten
u
ated
.
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
s
p
ik
es
th
at
wer
e
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
in
th
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ar
e
n
o
w
m
u
ch
s
m
aller
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
f
ilter
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
h
o
ws
a
clea
n
er
s
ig
n
al,
with
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
o
m
in
atin
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
t r
esu
lt o
f
7
-
lev
el
p
ea
k
to
p
ea
k
with
(
a
)
u
n
f
ilter
ed
a
n
d
(
b
)
f
ilter
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
FF
T
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
(
a)
u
n
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
(
b
)
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
7.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
T
HD
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
with
o
u
t
a
f
ilter
wh
ich
was
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
2
1
.
4
%.
T
h
e
T
HD
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
with
o
u
t
a
f
ilter
was
2
1
.
6
1
%,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
h
ig
h
er
b
y
0
.
2
1
%
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
im
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
T
HD
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
with
a
f
ilter
was
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
.
8
1
%.
T
h
e
T
HD
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
a
f
ilter
was 1
.
5
%
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
lo
we
r
b
y
2
.
3
1
%
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
e
in
T
HD
b
etwe
en
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
is
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
d
ea
d
-
t
im
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
f
ilter
d
esig
n
,
an
d
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
Switch
i
n
g
d
ev
ices
u
s
e
d
ea
d
-
tim
e
to
s
to
p
co
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
s
witch
es
i
n
th
e
in
v
er
ter
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
d
is
to
r
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
T
H
D.
I
n
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
lik
e
s
witch
es,
d
i
o
d
es,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
o
f
te
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
id
ea
l,
wh
ile
r
ea
l
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
h
av
e
im
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as p
a
r
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
T
HD
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
esig
n
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
f
ilter
s
m
ig
h
t
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
ex
ac
tly
as
m
o
d
elled
.
Switch
in
g
d
ev
ices
i
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
m
ay
r
e
s
u
lt
in
lo
s
s
es,
wh
ich
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
in
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t.
Pre
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
o
f
ten
ac
h
i
ev
ed
T
HD
r
ed
u
ctio
n
b
y
in
s
er
tin
g
o
r
u
s
in
g
c
o
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
ec
is
e
tim
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
v
e
r
lap
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
T
HD
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FP
GA
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
two
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
:
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
(
SP
W
M)
an
d
p
h
ase
-
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
PW
M
(
PDP
W
M)
.
T
h
ese
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
th
eir
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
b
u
t
i
n
m
o
s
t
7
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
,
th
eir
T
HD
r
em
ain
s
ar
o
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n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
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lec
&
Dr
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s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
1
2
3
1
-
1242
1240
3
to
5
%.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
s
e
q
u
en
tial
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witch
in
g
p
atter
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
e
FP
GA
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
T
HD
o
f
1
.
5
%,
d
is
p
lay
in
g
a
n
o
ticea
b
ly
s
m
o
o
th
e
r
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
u
ls
e
tim
in
g
wa
s
g
en
er
ated
d
ir
ec
tly
in
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
,
ea
ch
d
ev
ic
e
s
witch
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les
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tim
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s
p
er
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cle
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g
h
l
y
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0
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an
in
SP
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M
th
er
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y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
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ci
n
g
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
.
T
o
ex
am
in
e
d
ev
ice
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
d
r
ain
–
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
V
DS
o
f
ea
ch
MO
SF
E
T
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
with
a
T
ek
tr
o
n
ix
T
DS3
0
2
4
B
o
s
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s
co
p
e
u
n
d
er
r
ated
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
ea
k
s
tr
ess
es
wer
e
1
2
V
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
r
id
g
e
a
n
d
6
V
f
o
r
th
e
lo
wer
b
r
id
g
e,
eq
u
al
to
th
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
DC
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
es.
Fr
o
m
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
n
o
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
ese
lim
its
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
s
af
e
-
o
p
er
ati
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Vo
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
r
em
ain
ed
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
o
v
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
n
eg
ativ
e
h
alf
-
cy
cles,
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
t
h
at
th
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
g
atin
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
m
ain
tain
ed
b
alan
ce
d
s
h
ar
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
all
s
witch
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r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
cy
cle.
8.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
th
e
7
-
le
v
el
ca
s
ca
d
e
d
as
y
m
m
et
r
ic
ML
I
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
a
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
le
ap
in
p
o
w
er
el
ec
t
r
o
n
ics
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
t
em
is
a
b
le
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
o
u
t
p
u
t
wa
v
e
f
o
r
m
t
h
at
is
al
m
o
s
t
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
wi
th
f
ew
er
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
an
d
b
et
te
r
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
T
HD
o
b
t
ai
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
u
lat
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n
was
r
e
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
2
1
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3
1
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u
n
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i
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r
e
d
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t
o
3
.
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1
%
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f
ilt
er
ed
)
,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
tal
T
HD
was
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
2
1
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6
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t
o
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5
%
,
co
n
f
i
r
m
i
n
g
th
e
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
v
er
t
e
r
d
es
ig
n
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
is
,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
in
r
e
n
ew
a
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
ele
ctr
ic
v
eh
icl
e
d
r
iv
es
as
w
ell
as
i
n
m
e
d
i
u
m
-
v
o
lt
ag
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
al
d
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H
o
we
v
er
,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
C
HB
-
ML
I
also
p
r
ese
n
ts
s
o
m
e
c
h
al
le
n
g
es
,
s
u
c
h
as
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
y
ass
o
ci
ate
d
wit
h
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
at
eg
ie
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
is
o
l
ate
d
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
m
a
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
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d
v
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ce
d
m
o
d
u
la
ti
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n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es,
s
u
c
h
as
s
ele
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v
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
e
li
m
i
n
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n
o
r
AI
-
b
as
ed
m
o
d
u
l
ati
o
n
,
t
o
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
r
e
d
u
c
e
th
e
T
HD
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
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N
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
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th
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r
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m
ad
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p
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le
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r
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g
h
m
o
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ass
is
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ce
b
y
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u
n
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s
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s
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f
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v
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b
licatio
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n
d
E
1
5
2
1
6
an
d
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E
R
1
(
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t Q
5
4
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)
.
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R
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h
is
jo
u
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u
s
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C
o
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tr
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u
to
r
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les
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ax
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m
y
(
C
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ed
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d
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id
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al
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th
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th
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s
h
ip
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is
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tes,
an
d
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llab
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.
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th
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tate
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t
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DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
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tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
ar
ticle
an
d
its
f
ig
u
r
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
d
et
ails
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
u
p
o
n
r
e
q
u
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