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20
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Threa
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risky
sex
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high scho
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Indo
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2
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14
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2
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P
re
m
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x
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m
a
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s
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p
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o
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m
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th
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p
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c
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3
3
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h
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d
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id
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ti
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K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Hig
h
s
ch
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o
l stu
d
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ts
Pre
m
ar
ital sex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
R
esp
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n
s
e
ef
f
icac
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Self
-
ef
f
icac
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T
h
r
ea
t a
p
p
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T
h
is i
s
a
n
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p
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a
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
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d
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e
CC B
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SA
li
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n
se
.
C
o
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r
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s
p
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A
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r
:
E
r
n
i G
u
s
tin
a
Do
cto
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Pro
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a
m
in
Pu
b
lic
H
ea
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Facu
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o
f
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b
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Hea
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Un
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Air
lan
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Su
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6
0
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I
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1.
I
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O
N
Pre
m
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s
ex
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av
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a
m
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s
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ican
t
p
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s
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co
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to
u
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p
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n
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s
ex
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tr
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s
m
itted
in
f
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s
(
S
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s
)
,
an
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
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h
ar
m
,
all
o
f
wh
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ca
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d
is
r
u
p
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
life
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
]
–
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
r
ele
v
an
t
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
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s
ch
o
o
ls
,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
o
f
a
d
o
lescen
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in
c
r
e
ases
v
u
ln
er
ab
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y
to
r
is
k
y
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Glo
b
ally
,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
1
m
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p
r
e
g
n
an
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o
cc
u
r
an
n
u
ally
am
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ag
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1
5
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1
9
i
n
lo
w
-
an
d
m
id
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-
in
co
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co
u
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tr
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r
esu
ltin
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in
1
2
m
illi
o
n
b
ir
th
s
[
5
]
.
A
to
tal
1
3
%
o
f
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wo
m
en
w
o
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ld
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b
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th
e
a
g
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o
f
1
8
i
n
2
0
2
3
[
6
]
,
s
elf
-
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
s
ex
u
al
ac
tiv
ity
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
5
an
d
2
0
2
3
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
t
g
ir
ls
(
f
r
o
m
3
.
8
%
t
o
4
.
8
%)
an
d
ad
o
lescen
t
b
o
y
s
(
f
r
o
m
6
.
9
%
to
9
.
4
%)
[
7
]
,
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
an
ad
o
lescen
t
f
er
tili
ty
r
ate
o
f
2
6
b
i
r
th
s
p
er
1
,
0
0
0
ad
o
lescen
t
g
ir
ls
ag
ed
1
5
–
1
9
in
2
0
2
3
[
8
]
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
d
ata
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
ad
o
lescen
t
s
ex
u
al
r
is
k
s
is
n
o
t
m
er
ely
an
in
f
o
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m
atio
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s
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b
u
t
a
p
r
io
r
ity
f
o
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s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
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a
n
d
d
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v
elo
p
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
9
]
–
[
1
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
r
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p
p
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ev
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ch
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d
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in
…
(
E
r
n
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)
2391
Ad
o
lescen
t
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
r
e
f
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d
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r
et
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
4
]
.
Peer
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
a
n
d
ex
p
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to
s
ex
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ally
e
x
p
lic
it
m
ed
ia
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
1
]
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
t
e
r
i
s
k
,
w
h
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m
p
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f
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th
e
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f
f
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s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
C
o
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v
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s
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l
y
,
s
t
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g
p
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p
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d
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t
h
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ay
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p
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f
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n
d
ar
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ch
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o
l
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
8
]
.
Desp
ite
th
is
ev
id
en
ce
b
ase,
s
c
h
o
o
ls
o
f
ten
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
tr
an
s
late
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ased
s
ex
u
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
t
o
s
u
s
tain
ed
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
wh
en
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
d
o
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
r
is
k
,
s
elf
-
r
e
g
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
s
k
ill
s
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
b
u
ild
s
o
n
p
r
o
tecti
o
n
m
o
tiv
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
(
PMT
)
,
wh
ich
s
p
ec
if
ies
h
o
w
r
is
k
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
v
er
ts
in
to
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
two
ap
p
r
aisal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es:
th
r
ea
t
ap
p
r
aisal
(
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
ev
er
ity
an
d
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
)
an
d
co
p
in
g
ap
p
r
aisal
(
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
)
.
I
n
ad
o
lesce
n
t
s
ex
u
al
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
h
ei
g
h
ten
e
d
th
r
ea
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
m
ay
b
e
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
if
ad
o
lescen
ts
d
o
u
b
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies o
r
lack
co
n
f
id
en
ce
to
r
ef
u
s
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
s
et
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
ies,
n
eg
o
tiate,
an
d
d
elay
s
ex
u
al
ac
tiv
ity
[
3
2
]
–
[
3
4
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ain
s
alo
n
e
d
o
n
o
t
g
u
ar
an
tee
p
r
o
tectio
n
with
o
u
t
v
alu
es,
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
n
eg
o
tiatio
n
s
k
ills
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
tectiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
3
5
]
,
[3
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
PMT
o
f
f
er
s
a
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
an
t
to
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
,
as
it
lin
k
s
r
is
k
awa
r
en
ess
to
ac
tio
n
ab
le
co
p
in
g
b
elief
s
an
d
s
k
ills
th
at
ca
n
b
e
tr
ain
ed
in
class
r
o
o
m
s
an
d
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[3
7
]
–
[
39
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
p
ee
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
m
ed
ia
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
u
s
e,
an
d
p
ar
en
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
with
ad
o
lescen
t
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
;
h
o
wev
er
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
o
n
l
y
ex
a
m
in
ed
s
in
g
le
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
in
is
o
latio
n
o
r
is
lar
g
el
y
d
es
cr
ip
tiv
e
in
n
atu
r
e
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Sp
ec
if
i
ca
lly
,
it
aim
s
to
:
i
)
to
an
aly
z
e
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
r
ea
t
ap
p
r
aisal
(
s
ev
er
ity
an
d
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
)
o
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
;
ii
)
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
o
n
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
e
x
u
al
b
e
h
av
io
r
;
an
d
iii
)
to
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
m
ed
iatin
g
r
o
le
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
b
etwe
en
t
h
r
ea
t
a
p
p
r
aisal
an
d
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
a
l
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
a
s
ed
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
th
at
r
aise
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
r
is
k
s
an
d
h
el
p
a
d
o
lescen
ts
b
u
ild
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
ce
n
ee
d
e
d
t
o
ad
o
p
t
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
llo
ws
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
eq
u
en
ce
:
it
b
eg
in
s
with
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
item
s
.
Data
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
co
llected
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
v
als
with
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ettin
g
,
o
f
f
l
in
e,
f
r
o
m
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
th
e
r
eb
y
en
a
b
lin
g
an
aly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les
c
o
n
tin
g
en
t
o
n
v
a
r
iatio
n
i
n
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
’
s
c
o
r
es
at
th
e
tim
e
o
f
ass
es
s
m
en
t.
Data
wer
e
an
al
y
z
ed
u
s
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
p
ar
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
PLS
-
SEM
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
.
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
ple a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
e
in
ten
d
ed
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
ad
o
lescen
ts
ag
ed
1
5
-
1
8
y
ea
r
s
wh
o
ar
e
en
r
o
lled
as
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
wh
er
e
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
is
b
ein
g
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
e
u
n
it o
f
an
aly
s
is
was th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
it
er
ia
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
en
co
m
p
ass
s
tu
d
en
ts
ag
ed
15
-
1
8
y
ea
r
s
wh
o
ar
e
en
r
o
lled
at
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
wh
er
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
at
th
e
tim
e
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
an
d
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
willin
g
n
ess
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
v
ia
a
s
u
itab
le
co
n
s
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
in
o
r
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
b
ta
in
in
g
co
n
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
p
ar
en
ts
o
r
g
u
a
r
d
ian
s
an
d
ass
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
f
ail
t
o
co
m
p
lete
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
f
u
ll
(
e.
g
.
,
leav
in
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
s
ec
tio
n
s
/b
lan
k
)
,
e
x
h
ib
it
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
o
r
u
n
r
eliab
le
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
atter
n
s
,
o
r
elec
t to
with
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
s
elf
-
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
T
r
ain
ed
d
ata
co
llecto
r
s
b
r
ief
ly
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
t
h
e
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
n
atu
r
e
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
r
ef
u
s
e
o
r
with
d
r
aw
with
o
u
t
p
en
alt
y
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
s
o
cial
d
esi
r
ab
ilit
y
b
ias,
teac
h
er
s
wer
e
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
ad
m
in
is
ter
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
an
d
wer
e
ask
ed
to
r
em
ai
n
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
wh
en
ev
e
r
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Stu
d
en
ts
co
m
p
leted
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
e
d
t
h
em
in
a
s
ea
led
e
n
v
elo
p
e
d
ir
e
ctly
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
team
to
en
h
an
ce
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
team
o
n
ly
c
h
ec
k
ed
th
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
n
-
s
ite
f
o
r
co
m
p
leten
ess
(
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
n
o
n
-
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
e
x
clu
s
io
n
b
ased
o
n
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
cr
iter
ia.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
t
ec
hn
iqu
es a
n
d sa
m
ple size
Sam
p
li
n
g
m
a
y
b
e
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed
u
s
in
g
class
-
b
ase
d
m
u
l
tis
ta
g
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
es.
Fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
a
s
u
b
s
e
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
is
s
el
ec
te
d
,
t
h
e
s
ev
er
al
cl
ass
es
wi
th
in
t
h
o
s
e
s
c
h
o
o
ls
a
r
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
,
a
n
d
f
i
n
al
ly
,
a
l
l
p
u
p
ils
wit
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
ele
cte
d
cl
ass
es
wh
o
m
ee
t
t
h
e
c
r
i
te
r
ia
a
r
e
i
n
c
lu
d
e
d
.
Det
er
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
iz
e
u
t
ili
z
ed
t
h
e
L
w
a
n
g
a
an
d
L
e
m
es
h
o
w
f
o
r
m
u
la
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
3
3
3
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
3
9
0
-
2
3
9
8
2392
2
.
3
.
St
a
t
is
t
ica
l a
na
ly
s
is
Data
wer
e
an
a
ly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
P
L
S
-
SEM
with
Sm
ar
tPLS
4
.
1
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
two
s
tag
es:
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el.
R
eliab
ilit
y
was
as
s
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
al
p
h
a
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
,
wh
ile
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
was
e
v
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
av
er
a
g
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
AVE
)
[4
0
]
.
Stru
ctu
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
wer
e
test
ed
u
s
in
g
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
0
.
0
5
[4
1
]
.
2
.
4
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
item
s
wer
e
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
i
es
b
ased
o
n
PMT
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
two
s
e
cti
o
n
s
:
s
ec
tio
n
A
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
B
.
Sectio
n
A
co
llects
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ag
e
,
g
e
n
d
er
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ib
lin
g
s
,
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
’
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
e
n
t
an
d
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
.
Sectio
n
B
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
u
s
es
a
4
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
f
r
o
m
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
t
o
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
p
r
em
ar
it
al
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
with
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t
in
clu
d
e
s
ev
er
ity
,
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
p
er
tain
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
o
f
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
co
n
d
u
ct.
E
a
ch
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
6
–
7
i
tem
s
.
An
ex
am
p
le
item
f
o
r
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
was
“I
am
co
n
f
id
en
t
th
at
I
ca
n
r
ef
u
s
e
s
ex
u
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
p
ee
r
s
”
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
an
d
CR
f
o
r
all
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
>
0
.
7
0
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
AVE
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
all
co
n
s
tr
u
cts ex
ce
e
d
ed
0
.
5
0
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
De
m
o
g
r
a
ph
ic
o
f
pa
rt
ici
pa
nts’
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
o
s
t
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
a
g
ed
1
5
–
1
6
y
ea
r
s
(
7
6
.
9
%).
Fem
ale
s
tu
d
en
t
s
s
lig
h
tly
o
u
tn
u
m
b
er
ed
m
ales
(
5
2
.
2
%).
Mo
s
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
a
v
in
g
o
n
e
o
r
two
s
ib
lin
g
s
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
h
ad
co
m
p
leted
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
f
ath
er
s
wer
e
p
r
im
a
r
ily
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
al
s
ec
to
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
o
f
ad
o
lescen
ts
’
(
n
=3
3
3
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
n
)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
A
g
e
1
5
y
e
a
r
s
1
6
y
e
a
r
s
1
7
y
e
a
r
s
1
8
y
e
a
r
s
1
1
3
1
4
3
58
19
3
3
.
9
4
3
.
0
1
7
.
4
5
.
7
G
e
n
d
e
r
F
e
mal
e
M
a
l
e
1
7
4
1
5
9
5
2
.
2
4
7
.
8
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
si
b
l
i
n
g
s
0
1
2
>2
39
1
4
0
1
0
7
47
1
1
.
8
4
2
.
0
3
2
.
1
1
4
.
1
F
a
t
h
e
r
’
s e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
N
o
t
c
o
mp
l
e
t
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
a
r
y
sc
h
o
o
l
El
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
sc
h
o
o
l
H
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
H
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
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o
n
2
29
43
1
9
4
65
0
.
6
8
.
7
1
2
.
9
5
8
.
3
1
9
.
5
M
o
t
h
e
r
’
s e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
N
o
t
c
o
mp
l
e
t
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
a
r
y
sc
h
o
o
l
El
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
sc
h
o
o
l
H
i
g
h
s
c
h
o
o
l
H
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
1
28
41
1
9
5
68
0
.
3
8
.
4
1
2
.
3
5
8
.
6
2
0
.
4
F
a
t
h
e
r
’
s e
m
p
l
o
y
me
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
mal
s
e
c
t
o
r
F
o
r
mal
se
c
t
o
r
2
2
9
1
0
4
6
8
.
8
3
1
.
2
M
o
t
h
e
r
’
s e
m
p
l
o
y
me
n
t
H
o
u
s
e
w
i
f
e
I
n
f
o
r
mal
s
e
c
t
o
r
F
o
r
mal
se
c
t
o
r
1
8
8
93
52
5
6
.
5
2
7
.
9
1
5
.
6
P
r
e
marit
a
l
se
x
u
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
Y
e
s
No
1
1
3
2
2
0
3
3
.
9
6
6
.
1
To
t
a
l
3
3
3
1
0
0
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
m
id
d
le
-
a
g
e
d
ad
o
lescen
ts
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
ag
ed
1
5
an
d
1
6
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
p
h
ase
is
cr
itical.
I
t
m
ar
k
s
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
g
r
ea
test
p
r
o
p
en
s
ity
f
o
r
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
id
en
tity
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
p
ee
r
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
s
ex
u
a
l
co
n
d
u
ct
[4
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
a
ls
o
s
h
o
wed
d
is
p
ar
ities
in
p
ar
en
tal
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Mo
s
t
p
ar
en
ts
wer
e
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
m
o
s
t
ad
o
l
escen
ts
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
with
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
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e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
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v
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t
is
o
f
ten
ass
o
ciate
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
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v
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&
R
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
r
ea
t a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
ti
o
n
o
f ris
ky
s
ex
u
a
l b
eh
a
vio
r
a
mo
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
in
…
(
E
r
n
i G
u
s
tin
a
)
2393
with
en
h
an
ce
d
h
ea
lth
y
liter
ac
y
.
Par
en
ts
with
th
is
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
n
f
o
s
ter
m
o
r
e
o
p
en
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
ex
u
al
h
ea
lth
an
d
its
r
is
k
s
with
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
[4
3
]
.
Su
ch
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ad
o
lescen
ts
to
f
o
r
m
ac
cu
r
ate
r
is
k
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
o
v
e
r
th
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e
h
as
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
h
o
wn
th
at
lo
w
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ig
ital
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
a
m
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
h
ar
d
s
h
ip
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
r
eso
u
r
c
e
s
h
o
r
tag
es,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
p
er
ilo
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
t
h
co
ef
f
icient
a
nd
m
e
dia
t
io
n
ef
f
ec
t
s
t
esting
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el’
s
ev
alu
at
io
n
co
m
m
en
ce
d
with
a
v
er
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ic
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n
o
f
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
ce
e
d
ed
to
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
ath
co
ef
f
icien
ts
.
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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m
o
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el.
T
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e
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atter
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icien
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n
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is
ten
t
with
th
e
th
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ized
m
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h
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is
m
:
th
r
ea
t
a
p
p
r
aisal
(
s
ev
er
ity
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d
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
y
)
is
p
o
s
itiv
ely
r
elate
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p
in
g
a
p
p
r
aisal
(
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
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ef
f
icac
y
)
,
an
d
b
o
th
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p
in
g
ap
p
r
aisal
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
n
eg
ativ
ely
r
elate
d
to
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
b
o
th
s
ev
er
ity
an
d
v
u
ln
er
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ilit
y
ex
h
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it
a
s
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s
tically
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ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
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ea
ch
asp
ec
t o
f
a
p
p
r
aisal c
o
p
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g
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wed
th
at
all
in
d
icato
r
s
lo
ad
ed
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ig
n
if
ican
tly
o
n
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
with
m
o
s
t
o
u
ter
lo
ad
in
g
s
ex
ce
ed
in
g
0
.
7
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
to
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
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o
r
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
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d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
wh
ile
o
n
e
s
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er
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
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r
elativ
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u
t
s
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(
0
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1
1
)
.
I
n
th
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tr
u
ctu
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al
m
o
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s
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itiv
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d
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ig
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t
p
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wer
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ativ
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ciate
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with
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r
em
ar
ital
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io
r
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T
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lai
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5
4
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4
%
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th
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ian
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r
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d
icatin
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m
o
d
er
ate
ex
p
lan
ato
r
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p
o
wer
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
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ated
f
r
o
m
SEM
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PLS
T
h
e
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in
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aly
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icate
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s
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r
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f
v
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ln
er
a
b
ilit
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in
p
r
ed
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g
r
esp
o
n
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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I
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J
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&
R
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Vo
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15
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No
.
3
,
J
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20
2
6
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2
3
9
0
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2
3
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8
2394
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
en
h
a
n
ce
c
o
p
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
ally
,
s
ev
er
ity
m
ay
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
clea
r
e
r
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
ch
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r
th
at
en
h
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ce
s
m
o
tiv
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to
ev
alu
ate
an
d
ad
o
p
t
co
p
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
wh
er
ea
s
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
m
a
y
b
e
m
o
r
e
a
m
b
ig
u
o
u
s
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ef
e
n
s
iv
ely
,
o
r
ig
n
o
r
e
d
—
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
wh
o
o
f
ten
ex
h
i
b
it
an
o
p
tim
is
m
b
ias.
T
h
is
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
o
le
o
f
v
u
ln
er
a
b
ilit
y
h
as
also
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
PMT
-
b
ased
r
esear
ch
,
wh
er
e
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
s
o
m
etim
es
s
h
o
ws
wea
k
er
o
r
m
ix
e
d
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ef
f
icac
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
[4
6
]
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
n
eg
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
c
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
ac
tiv
ity
—
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
STI
s
,
u
n
in
ten
d
ed
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
,
an
d
s
o
cial
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
im
p
ac
ts
—
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
an
a
m
er
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
u
ln
er
a
b
ilit
y
[4
7
]
,
[
48
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
ity
as
a
k
e
y
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
wh
en
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
th
r
ea
t
p
o
s
es
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
an
d
tan
g
ib
le
r
is
k
to
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
well
-
b
ein
g
[4
6
]
an
d
as
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
wh
en
th
e
d
a
n
g
er
is
b
eliev
e
d
to
p
o
s
e
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial a
n
d
tan
g
ib
l
e
r
is
k
to
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
well
-
b
ein
g
[
49
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
b
ar
r
ier
to
r
e
d
u
cin
g
p
r
em
ar
ital
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
is
th
eir
b
el
ief
in
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
tr
u
s
t
in
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
,
is
es
s
en
tial
if
ad
o
lescen
ts
ar
e
to
av
o
id
r
is
k
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Ad
o
l
escen
ts
m
ay
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
r
is
k
s
y
et
s
till
en
g
ag
e
in
r
is
k
y
b
eh
av
io
r
if
th
ey
d
o
u
b
t
t
h
at
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
r
r
elev
a
n
t
in
r
ea
l
-
life
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
PMT
r
esear
ch
r
ep
ea
ted
l
y
em
p
h
asiz
es
th
at
ef
f
icac
y
b
elief
s
ar
e
d
e
cisi
v
e
in
co
n
v
er
tin
g
r
is
k
awa
r
en
ess
in
to
ad
ap
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
an
d
th
at
e
f
f
icac
y
-
e
n
h
an
cin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
ess
en
tial f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ed
b
eh
av
io
r
c
h
an
g
e
[5
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
PMT
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
h
elp
s
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
a
n
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
f
ea
r
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
ac
tio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
av
o
id
a
n
ce
[5
2
]
,
[
5
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
esear
ch
also
ca
u
tio
n
s
th
at
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
r
ea
ts
alo
n
e,
with
o
u
t
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
to
co
p
e,
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
ad
o
les
ce
n
ts
to
r
ejec
t th
ese
m
ess
ag
es,
esp
ec
ially
if
th
e
th
r
ea
ts
s
ee
m
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
[5
4
]
.
Self
-
ef
f
i
ca
c
y
r
e
m
ai
n
ed
s
t
atis
t
ical
ly
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
b
u
t
was
s
m
al
le
r
th
a
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
i
ca
c
y
—
t
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
wit
h
t
h
e
a
d
o
les
ce
n
t
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
l
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
,
w
h
ic
h
s
u
g
g
ests
t
h
at
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
in
i
m
p
l
em
e
n
t
in
g
p
r
o
t
ec
t
iv
e
ac
ti
o
n
s
(
r
e
f
u
s
al
,
n
eg
o
t
iat
io
n
,
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
s
etti
n
g
,
a
n
d
em
o
ti
o
n
r
e
g
u
l
ati
o
n
)
is
p
r
o
t
ec
ti
v
e
b
u
t
c
an
b
e
li
m
it
e
d
b
y
s
itu
ati
o
n
al
s
t
r
ess
.
R
el
ate
d
P
MT
r
esea
r
c
h
i
n
a
d
o
les
ce
n
ts
also
f
o
u
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
c
o
p
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
a
is
als
(
p
a
r
tic
u
l
a
r
l
y
s
el
f
-
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
)
t
h
a
n
t
h
r
ea
t
a
p
p
r
ais
als
i
n
p
r
e
d
i
cti
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
v
er
ti
m
e
[5
5
]
.
S
elf
-
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
g
r
e
atl
y
af
f
e
cts
a
d
o
les
ce
n
ts
’
a
b
i
lit
y
t
o
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
b
o
th
in
te
r
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
r
n
al
c
h
all
en
g
es
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
e
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
tem
p
t
ati
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
t
h
e
ir
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
to
a
b
s
ta
in
f
r
o
m
s
e
x
u
al
a
cti
v
it
y
[5
3
]
,
[
5
6
]
,
[
5
7
]
.
W
it
h
i
n
t
h
is
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
a
d
o
lesc
e
n
ts
wit
h
el
e
v
at
ed
s
elf
-
ef
f
i
ca
c
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
a
n
e
n
h
an
ce
d
c
ap
ac
i
ty
t
o
wit
h
s
t
an
d
p
ee
r
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
m
ai
n
t
ai
n
t
h
ei
r
r
eso
l
v
e
t
o
d
e
f
e
r
s
e
x
u
al
a
cti
v
it
y
[
58
]
.
S
p
ec
i
f
i
ca
l
ly
,
el
ev
at
ed
s
elf
-
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
a
m
o
n
g
ad
o
l
esce
n
ts
m
i
ti
g
at
es
t
h
e
a
d
v
er
s
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
en
g
a
g
i
n
g
i
n
h
az
a
r
d
o
u
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
,
p
a
r
ti
cu
la
r
ly
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
wit
h
i
n
s
o
ci
al
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
t
h
at
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
ad
ap
ti
v
e
s
e
x
u
a
l
n
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
p
o
s
s
ess
p
r
o
f
i
cie
n
t
r
is
k
-
a
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
k
ills
[
59
]
,
[
6
0
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
el
y
,
d
im
in
is
h
e
d
a
d
o
les
ce
n
t
e
m
o
ti
o
n
al
s
el
f
-
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
,
c
h
a
r
a
cte
r
i
ze
d
b
y
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
i
n
r
eg
u
l
ati
n
g
em
o
t
io
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
an
x
i
et
y
,
l
o
n
el
in
ess
,
o
r
f
e
ar
o
f
r
eje
cti
o
n
,
m
a
y
p
r
o
m
o
te
i
m
p
u
ls
iv
e
d
ec
is
i
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
el
ev
at
e
r
is
k
,
th
e
r
eb
y
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
ly
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
ad
o
l
esc
en
t
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[6
1
]
,
[
6
2
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
ir
m
a
s
tr
o
n
g
em
p
ir
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
Sch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
h
ea
lth
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
g
o
b
ey
o
n
d
“r
is
k
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
”
an
d
p
r
io
r
itize
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
ef
f
icac
y
.
W
ith
in
a
PMT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
n
ee
d
to
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
en
h
an
ce
th
r
ea
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
co
p
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ity
s
o
th
at
r
is
k
m
ess
ag
es
d
o
n
o
t
tr
ig
g
er
av
o
id
a
n
ce
o
r
d
is
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t.
Stre
n
g
th
en
in
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
—
esp
ec
ially
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
—
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
al
r
esil
ien
ce
in
ad
o
l
escen
ts
[6
3
]
,
[
6
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
h
ea
lth
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
s
h
ar
p
e
n
co
r
e
v
alu
es,
r
e
s
ilien
ce
,
an
d
r
ef
u
s
al
an
d
n
eg
o
tiatio
n
s
k
ills
wh
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
co
p
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
4
6
]
,
[
6
5
]
–
[6
7
]
.
T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
s
to
elev
ate
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
d
im
in
is
h
n
eg
ativ
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
en
g
ag
in
g
in
r
is
k
y
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[3
6
]
,
[
5
3
]
,
[
68
]
–
[
72
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
r
ea
t
ap
p
r
aisal
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
ad
o
lescen
ts
’
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
’
co
n
f
id
en
ce
an
d
b
elief
i
n
p
r
e
v
en
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
is
k
y
s
ex
u
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
Sch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
i
n
teg
r
ate
r
is
k
awa
r
en
ess
with
s
k
ills
-
b
u
ild
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
r
ef
u
s
al
s
k
ills
,
s
elf
-
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
am
o
n
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
it
atio
n
s
.
First,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
t
io
n
al
d
esig
n
lim
its
ca
u
s
al
in
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
d
ata
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
s
u
b
ject
to
s
o
ci
al
d
esira
b
ilit
y
b
ias.
T
h
ir
d
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
c
ted
in
o
n
e
r
eg
io
n
,
wh
ich
m
ay
lim
it
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
esig
n
s
an
d
b
r
o
ad
er
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
am
p
les.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
r
ea
t a
p
p
r
a
is
a
l a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
ti
o
n
o
f ris
ky
s
ex
u
a
l b
eh
a
vio
r
a
mo
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
in
…
(
E
r
n
i G
u
s
tin
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)
2395
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
an
k
s
ar
e
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iv
en
to
th
e
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d
m
aster
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h
ig
h
s
ch
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o
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in
B
an
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en
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Sp
ec
ial
R
eg
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Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta
,
as we
ll a
s
to
all
r
esp
o
n
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en
ts
wh
o
we
r
e
willin
g
t
o
b
e
s
am
p
les in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
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N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
s
u
p
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ted
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y
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I
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esian
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ca
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Sch
o
lar
s
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ip
(
B
PI)
o
f
th
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Min
is
tr
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o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Scien
ce
,
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
Hig
h
e
r
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d
u
ca
tio
n
Fin
an
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g
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d
Ass
es
s
m
en
t Cen
ter
(
PP
APT)
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ian
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d
u
ca
tio
n
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
(
B
PI)
2
0
2
2
0
9
0
9
0
5
2
8
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
E
r
n
i G
u
s
tin
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
I
r
a
Nu
r
m
ala
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Nu
n
ik
Pu
s
p
itas
ar
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
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z
a
t
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n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
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s
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P
:
P
r
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e
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t
a
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mi
n
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st
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a
t
i
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n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
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g
a
c
q
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t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
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N
T
E
R
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S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Par
tic
ip
an
t
d
ata
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
was
s
tr
ictly
m
a
in
tain
ed
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
All
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ity
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
r
ev
iew
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
n
d
e
r
tak
en
with
th
e
ap
p
r
o
v
al
o
f
Hea
lth
R
esear
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
Facu
lty
o
f
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Air
lan
g
g
a
(
Ap
p
r
o
v
al
Nu
m
b
er
:
1
5
3
/EA
/KE
PK/2
0
2
5
)
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
E
G]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
w
h
ich
co
n
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
ar
e
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
a
v
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
e
n
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
D
i
s
e
a
se
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
“
Y
o
u
t
h
r
i
sk
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
a
t
a
s
u
mm
a
r
y
&
t
r
e
n
d
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
:
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
2
1
.
”
2
0
2
3
.
A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
:
J
a
n
.
1
2
,
2
0
2
6
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
st
a
c
k
s.
c
d
c
.
g
o
v
/
v
i
e
w
/
c
d
c
/
1
2
4
9
2
8
[
2
]
A
.
N
u
r
h
a
y
a
t
i
,
I
.
N
u
r
ma
l
a
,
S
.
R
.
D
e
v
y
,
a
n
d
A
r
w
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
p
h
e
n
o
me
n
o
n
o
f
p
r
e
mari
t
a
l
s
e
x
a
m
o
n
g
a
d
o
l
e
s
c
e
n
t
s
(
st
u
d
y
i
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
f
t
h
e
M
a
m
b
o
r
o
H
e
a
l
t
h
C
e
n
t
e
r
)
,
”
J
u
r
n
a
l
Pr
o
m
k
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
3
–
1
0
4
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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