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Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
d
e
sig
n
th
in
k
in
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p
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to
t
y
p
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a
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d
th
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r
y
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a
li
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e
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v
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lu
a
ti
o
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ria.
Ex
isti
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g
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p
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ti
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ften
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ly
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o
f
d
e
sig
n
th
in
k
in
g
–
b
a
se
d
re
se
a
rc
h
.
Th
is
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n
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o
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n
t
h
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k
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d
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d
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re
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h
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K
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w
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r
d
s
:
Desig
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th
in
k
in
g
e
v
alu
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E
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u
ca
tio
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al
ev
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I
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Pro
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T
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CC B
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C
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s
p
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A
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:
Ma
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C
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J
.
Go
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titu
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I
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T
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cr
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o
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co
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tex
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-
r
esp
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s
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tp
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ts
.
Desig
n
th
in
k
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g
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h
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u
m
an
-
ce
n
te
r
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
id
en
tific
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n
,
iter
ativ
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id
ea
tio
n
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
i
n
g
,
an
d
test
in
g
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
w
ell
alig
n
ed
with
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
th
at
s
ee
k
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
au
th
en
tic
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
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ch
allen
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
As
h
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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15
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J
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6
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3
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2306
s
tan
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s
ca
le
test
in
g
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
W
h
en
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
f
ail
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
ese
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
,
d
esig
n
th
in
k
i
n
g
o
u
t
p
u
ts
m
ay
b
e
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
m
etr
ics,
th
er
e
b
y
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
in
g
b
o
th
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
in
ten
t
a
n
d
ev
alu
atio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
alig
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
a
n
d
d
ef
en
s
ib
le
ev
alu
atio
n
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t,
r
u
b
r
ic
d
esig
n
,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
ex
is
tin
g
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
p
r
im
ar
il
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
q
u
ality
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
r
em
p
h
asize
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
f
ten
f
ail
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
c
r
itical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
–
b
ased
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
id
elity
,
o
r
i
g
in
al
ity
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
c
o
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
d
o
m
ai
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
i
n
ex
p
er
t
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
an
d
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
–
b
ased
i
n
q
u
ir
y
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
a
n
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
wh
at
ex
p
er
t
-
d
er
iv
ed
ev
al
u
atio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
es in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
?
Usi
n
g
a
q
u
alitativ
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
an
aly
ze
s
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
(
FGD)
d
ata
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
a
d
v
is
o
r
s
an
d
p
an
el
m
em
b
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
B
r
au
n
an
d
C
lar
k
e’
s
r
ef
lex
iv
e
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
b
y
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
tr
an
s
l
atin
g
ex
p
e
r
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
in
t
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
e
v
alu
atio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
in
d
ic
ato
r
s
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
an
e
m
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
B
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
alig
n
m
e
n
t
b
etwe
en
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
ac
tic
es
an
d
th
e
iter
ativ
e,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
d
r
iv
e
n
n
atu
r
e
o
f
d
es
ig
n
th
in
k
in
g
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
a
d
v
an
ce
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
a
q
u
alit
ativ
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
d
esig
n
,
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
i
n
itial
p
h
ase
o
f
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
ev
al
u
atio
n
to
o
l
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Qu
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
ev
alu
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
wh
en
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
,
e
m
er
g
en
t,
o
r
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
b
est
p
r
ac
tic
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
ex
p
er
t
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
was
u
s
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
o
r
id
e
n
t
if
y
in
g
e
v
alu
atio
n
-
r
elev
an
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
p
r
io
r
to
q
u
an
titati
v
e
v
alid
atio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
elicitin
g
ex
p
er
t
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
d
esig
n
th
i
n
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
r
esear
c
h
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
aim
ed
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
clar
ity
,
d
ef
i
n
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
ten
t
r
elev
a
n
ce
—
k
ey
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ites
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t v
alid
atio
n
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
[
1
5
]
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
A
t
o
tal
o
f
1
2
r
es
ea
r
c
h
ad
v
is
o
r
s
a
n
d
p
a
n
el
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
at
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
FG
D
.
A
ll
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
w
er
e
af
f
il
iat
ed
w
it
h
tea
c
h
e
r
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
i
n
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
i
n
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
w
er
e
a
cti
v
el
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
in
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
v
al
u
ati
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
a
n
d
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
r
ese
ar
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
A
p
u
r
p
o
s
i
v
e
ex
p
er
t
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
s
tr
ate
g
y
was
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
i
n
c
lu
s
io
n
o
f
p
ar
tic
ip
a
n
ts
wi
th
r
el
e
v
a
n
t
d
o
m
a
in
e
x
p
er
tis
e
.
Se
le
cti
o
n
c
r
it
er
ia
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
h
a
t
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
:
i
)
h
ad
e
x
p
er
ie
n
c
e
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
i
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
at
e
o
r
g
r
a
d
u
at
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
;
ii
)
we
r
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
in
v
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
ev
al
u
a
ti
n
g
r
ese
ar
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
als,
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
,
o
r
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
-
b
as
e
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
;
a
n
d
i
ii
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
d
f
a
m
ili
a
r
it
y
wit
h
d
esi
g
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
,
a
cti
o
n
r
es
ea
r
c
h
,
o
r
r
e
lat
e
d
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
r
ese
ar
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
ex
p
er
t
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
ev
al
u
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ju
d
g
m
e
n
ts
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
ex
p
er
tis
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
as
th
em
atic
s
atu
r
atio
n
was
ac
h
iev
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
aly
s
is
,
with
n
o
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
ely
n
ew
ev
alu
ativ
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
em
er
g
in
g
in
th
e
later
s
tag
es
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
All
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
wr
itten
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t w
as o
b
tain
ed
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
xp
ert
-
d
erived
in
d
ica
to
r
s
fo
r
ev
a
lu
a
tin
g
d
esig
n
th
in
kin
g
p
r
o
to
typ
es in
tea
ch
er e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
(
Ma
r
y
C
r
is
J.
Go
)
2307
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
Data
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
FGD
d
esig
n
ed
to
elicit
s
h
ar
ed
ev
alu
ativ
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
cr
i
ter
ia
u
s
ed
in
ass
ess
in
g
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es.
FGDs
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
ter
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
ex
p
er
ts
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
clar
if
icatio
n
,
n
eg
o
tiatio
n
,
an
d
r
ef
i
n
em
en
t
o
f
ev
alu
ativ
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
FGD
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
th
at
p
r
o
m
p
ted
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
d
is
cu
s
s
cu
r
r
en
t
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
ch
allen
g
es
in
as
s
es
s
in
g
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
an
d
cr
iter
ia
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ess
en
tial
in
ju
d
g
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
s
ess
io
n
was
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
with
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
ed
v
er
b
atim
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
co
m
p
leten
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ata
[
1
9
]
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
tr
an
s
cr
ib
e
d
FGD
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
B
r
au
n
an
d
C
lar
k
e’
s
s
ix
-
p
h
ase
th
e
m
atic
an
a
ly
s
is
[
2
0
]
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
s
y
s
tem
ati
c
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
p
atter
n
s
r
elev
an
t
to
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
a
r
ef
lex
iv
e
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
an
a
ly
tic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
co
d
e
-
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
r
in
ter
-
co
d
er
q
u
an
tific
atio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
tr
an
s
latin
g
e
x
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
in
to
ev
al
u
ativ
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
B
r
au
n
an
d
C
lar
k
e’
s
s
ix
-
p
h
ase
r
ef
lex
i
v
e
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
First,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
am
iliar
ized
th
em
s
elv
es
with
th
e
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ep
ea
ted
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
.
Seco
n
d
,
in
itial
co
d
es
wer
e
g
en
er
ated
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
ev
alu
atio
n
-
r
elate
d
id
ea
s
e
m
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
p
atter
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
co
d
es
wer
e
ex
am
in
e
d
to
id
en
tify
p
o
te
n
tial
ev
alu
ativ
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
ca
n
d
id
ate
th
em
es
wer
e
r
ev
ie
wed
an
d
r
ef
in
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
co
h
e
r
en
ce
an
d
clea
r
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Fifth
,
th
em
es
wer
e
d
ef
in
ed
an
d
n
am
e
d
as
ev
alu
a
tio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
r
elev
a
n
t
to
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Fin
ally
,
an
an
aly
tic
n
a
r
r
ativ
e
was d
ev
elo
p
ed
lin
k
in
g
th
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
d
o
m
ai
n
s
to
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
o
th
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
an
aly
tic
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
,
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
ex
p
e
r
t
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
in
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ev
alu
at
io
n
in
d
icato
r
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
a
n
aly
tic
r
ig
o
r
,
e
m
er
g
in
g
th
em
es
wer
e
iter
ativ
ely
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
ag
ain
s
t
estab
lis
h
ed
ev
alu
ativ
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
in
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
.
C
o
d
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
m
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
es we
r
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
an
aly
s
is
to
m
ain
tain
an
au
d
it tr
ail
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
th
e
an
aly
tic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
2
.
5
.
T
rus
t
wo
rt
hin
ess
o
f
t
he
s
t
ud
y
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
was
en
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
ateg
ies
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
q
u
alitativ
e
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
[
2
2
]
.
C
r
ed
i
b
ilit
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ex
p
er
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
th
e
d
ata.
Dep
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
was
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
s
y
s
tem
a
tic
an
aly
tic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
d
etailed
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
co
d
i
n
g
an
d
t
h
em
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
a
b
ilit
y
was a
d
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
in
th
e
d
ata
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
r
esear
ch
er
b
ias th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ef
lex
iv
e
m
em
o
in
g
.
T
r
an
s
f
er
a
b
ilit
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
etail
to
en
ab
le
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
s
im
ilar
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
c
o
n
tex
ts
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
6
.
E
t
hica
l
co
ns
idera
t
io
ns
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
lied
with
estab
lis
h
ed
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
u
m
an
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
e
d
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
was
m
ain
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
th
ical
clea
r
an
ce
was
s
ec
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
eth
ics
co
m
m
ittee,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
n
atio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
eth
ical
g
u
id
elin
es
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
[
2
4
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ex
p
er
t
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
ata
y
ield
ed
s
ix
in
ter
r
elate
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
th
at
co
llectiv
ely
d
ef
in
e
q
u
ality
an
d
r
ig
o
r
i
n
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
R
ath
er
th
an
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
as
is
o
lated
cr
iter
ia,
th
ese
d
o
m
ain
s
o
p
er
ate
as
a
co
h
e
r
en
t
ev
al
u
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
a
t
in
teg
r
ates
p
r
o
b
le
m
r
elev
a
n
c
e,
o
r
ig
in
ality
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
id
elity
,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
e
y
r
esp
o
n
d
to
p
e
r
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es
in
ev
alu
atin
g
d
esig
n
-
o
r
ien
te
d
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
u
s
in
g
cr
iter
ia
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
e
d
o
m
ain
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
with
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
eir
d
is
tin
ct
ev
alu
ativ
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ass
ess
m
en
t.
3
.
1
.
P
r
o
blem
a
lig
n
m
ent
a
nd
f
un
ct
io
na
l r
elev
a
nce
o
f
pro
t
o
t
y
pes
E
x
p
er
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
em
p
h
asiz
ed
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ev
a
lu
atio
n
b
eg
i
n
s
with
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
a
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
is
alig
n
ed
with
a
clea
r
ly
ar
ticu
lated
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
wh
e
th
er
it
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
in
its
in
ten
d
ed
co
n
tex
t.
Par
ticip
an
ts
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
ed
th
at
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
r
tech
n
ical
s
o
p
h
is
ticatio
n
b
u
t
m
u
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
au
t
h
en
tic
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
2
6
:
2
3
0
5
-
2
3
1
2
2308
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ex
h
ib
it
co
h
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
p
r
o
b
lem
,
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
is
em
p
h
asis
alig
n
s
with
ev
alu
at
io
n
liter
atu
r
e
ass
er
tin
g
t
h
at
r
elev
an
ce
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
alig
n
m
en
t
a
r
e
ce
n
tr
al
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
j
u
d
g
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
d
esig
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
lies
p
r
im
a
r
ily
in
its
p
r
o
b
lem
–
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
it
r
ath
er
th
an
in
ae
s
th
etic
o
r
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ap
p
ea
l
alo
n
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
in
d
icato
r
s
d
er
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
is
d
o
m
ain
em
p
h
asize
clar
ity
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ci
n
g
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
v
alid
ity
in
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
[
2
7
]
.
3
.
2
.
No
v
elt
y
,
o
rig
ina
lity
,
a
nd
inte
llect
ua
l pro
pert
y
inte
g
rit
y
A
s
ec
o
n
d
d
o
m
ain
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
o
r
ig
i
n
ality
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
ad
h
er
e
n
ce
to
in
tellectu
al
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
a
n
d
et
h
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
E
x
p
er
ts
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
c
o
n
ce
r
n
th
at
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
es
a
r
e
o
f
ten
j
u
d
g
ed
as
“in
n
o
v
ativ
e”
b
ased
s
o
lely
o
n
lo
ca
lized
o
r
co
n
tex
tu
al
n
o
v
elty
,
with
o
u
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
im
m
ed
iate
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
l
s
ettin
g
.
Su
ch
p
r
ac
tices
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
u
n
in
ten
tio
n
al
d
u
p
licatio
n
an
d
wea
k
en
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
cr
ed
ib
ili
ty
o
f
r
esear
c
h
o
u
t
p
u
ts
.
T
h
is
d
o
m
ain
r
ef
lects
b
r
o
ad
e
r
co
n
ce
r
n
s
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
v
alu
atio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
ac
ad
e
m
ic
in
te
g
r
ity
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
d
icato
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
is
d
o
m
ain
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
lev
el
n
o
v
elty
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
cr
iter
ia
r
el
ated
to
liter
atu
r
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
,
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
,
an
d
eth
ica
l
attr
ib
u
tio
n
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
o
r
ig
in
ality
with
in
tellectu
al
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
in
teg
r
ity
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
alig
n
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
s
ch
o
lar
ly
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
eth
ical
r
esear
c
h
p
r
ac
tice
[
3
0
]
.
3
.
3
.
Nee
d f
o
r
a
s
t
a
nd
a
rdized
a
nd
s
y
s
t
em
a
t
ic
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
ev
a
lua
t
io
n f
ra
m
ewo
rk
E
x
p
er
ts
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
a
u
n
if
ied
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ev
al
u
atin
g
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
es,
n
o
tin
g
th
at
cu
r
r
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
ar
e
o
f
ten
im
p
r
o
v
is
ed
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
ev
alu
ato
r
s
’
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
.
Par
ti
cip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
d
ap
tin
g
r
u
b
r
ics
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
an
d
u
n
clea
r
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
alig
n
s
with
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
en
h
a
n
ce
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
[
3
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
W
ith
o
u
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
cr
iter
ia,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
s
u
b
jectiv
ity
an
d
lim
ited
c
o
m
p
ar
a
b
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
em
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
th
is
d
o
m
ain
th
er
ef
o
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
s
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t a
n
d
d
ef
e
n
s
ib
le
ass
ess
m
en
t p
r
ac
tices with
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
]
.
3
.
4
.
Co
ncept
ua
l
a
lig
n
m
ent
bet
wee
n desi
g
n t
hin
k
ing
pro
c
ess
es
a
nd
ev
a
lua
t
io
n c
r
it
er
ia
An
o
th
er
d
o
m
ain
em
p
h
asized
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
alig
n
e
v
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
with
th
e
co
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
.
E
x
p
er
ts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
a
s
s
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
-
b
ased
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ty
p
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ac
tio
n
r
esear
c
h
o
r
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
o
v
er
l
o
o
k
th
e
iter
ativ
e
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
n
atu
r
e
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
.
Su
ch
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
ca
n
lead
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
an
d
in
ac
cu
r
ate
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
o
f
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
q
u
ality
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
liter
atu
r
e
s
tr
ess
es
t
h
at
ass
ess
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
m
u
s
t
r
ef
lect
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
b
ein
g
e
v
alu
ated
[
1
4
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
d
esig
n
th
i
n
k
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
,
th
is
in
clu
d
es
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
em
p
ath
y
,
id
ea
tio
n
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
in
g
,
an
d
iter
ativ
e
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t
as
k
e
y
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
q
u
ality
.
I
n
d
icato
r
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
d
o
m
ain
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
id
elity
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
ac
tices
r
em
ain
th
eo
r
etica
lly
co
h
er
e
n
t
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
alig
n
ed
with
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
–
b
ased
in
q
u
ir
y
[
3
3
]
.
3
.
5
.
F
e
a
s
ibi
lity
,
s
us
t
a
ina
bil
it
y
,
a
nd
co
nte
x
t
ua
l
a
da
pta
bil
it
y
o
f
pro
t
o
t
y
pes
E
x
p
er
ts
f
u
r
t
h
er
em
p
h
asized
th
at
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
im
m
e
d
iate
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
to
co
n
s
id
er
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
.
Pro
to
ty
p
es
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
p
ec
ialized
ex
p
er
tis
e,
o
r
n
ar
r
o
wly
d
ef
in
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wer
e
v
iewe
d
as
lim
ited
in
ev
alu
ativ
e
v
alu
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
c
o
n
tex
ts
wh
er
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ar
e
cr
itical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
em
p
h
asis
alig
n
s
with
ev
alu
a
tio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
th
at
p
r
io
r
iti
ze
p
r
ac
ticality
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
as
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
Fro
m
an
ev
alu
atio
n
p
er
s
p
ec
t
iv
e,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
en
h
a
n
ce
b
o
t
h
th
e
u
tili
ty
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
o
f
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
i
n
d
icato
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
is
d
o
m
ain
ass
es
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
ad
ap
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
[
3
6
]
.
3
.
6
.
De
m
o
ns
t
ra
t
io
n o
f
re
s
ea
rc
h
a
nd
pro
f
ess
io
na
l c
o
m
pet
encies t
hro
ug
h pro
t
o
t
y
pes
Fin
ally
,
ex
p
er
ts
v
iewe
d
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
as
in
teg
r
ativ
e
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies.
B
ey
o
n
d
ass
ess
i
n
g
th
e
ar
tifa
ct
its
elf
,
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
r
ef
lect
an
aly
tical
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
th
eo
r
etica
l
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ju
d
g
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
xp
ert
-
d
erived
in
d
ica
to
r
s
fo
r
ev
a
lu
a
tin
g
d
esig
n
th
in
kin
g
p
r
o
to
typ
es in
tea
ch
er e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
(
Ma
r
y
C
r
is
J.
Go
)
2309
Par
ticip
an
ts
em
p
h
asized
th
at
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
s
er
v
e
as
tan
g
ib
le
m
an
if
estatio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
late
r
esear
ch
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
to
p
r
ac
t
ice.
T
h
is
d
o
m
ain
alig
n
s
with
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ize
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tp
u
ts
as
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
l
y
in
g
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
[
3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
B
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
in
d
icato
r
s
,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
ex
te
n
d
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
en
co
m
p
ass
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
ce
n
tr
al
to
teac
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
t
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
v
alu
e
o
f
e
v
alu
atio
n
r
e
s
u
lts
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
alig
n
m
en
t w
ith
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
-
lev
el
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es [
3
9
]
.
3
.
7
.
O
pera
t
io
na
liza
t
io
n o
f
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n do
ma
ins
into
ind
ic
a
t
o
rs
Fo
llo
win
g
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
s
ix
ev
alu
atio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
in
to
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
an
d
ass
ess
ab
le
i
n
d
icato
r
s
r
ef
lectin
g
co
r
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
q
u
ality
.
I
n
d
icato
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
was
d
ir
ec
tly
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
ex
p
er
t
d
i
s
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
r
ef
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
iter
ativ
e
r
ev
iew
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
clar
ity
,
n
o
n
-
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
,
an
d
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
estab
li
s
h
ed
p
r
in
cip
l
es
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
.
B
y
tr
an
s
latin
g
q
u
a
litativ
e
ex
p
er
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ev
alu
ativ
e
cr
iter
ia,
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
itial
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
c
o
n
ten
t v
alid
ity
,
as
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
icato
r
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
-
b
ased
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es.
B
ey
o
n
d
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
a
n
ce
,
th
e
ex
p
licit
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
in
d
icato
r
s
with
th
eo
r
etica
lly
d
ef
i
n
ed
e
v
alu
atio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
co
h
er
en
ce
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
an
d
th
eir
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Un
lik
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
th
at
em
p
h
asize
o
u
tco
m
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
alo
n
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
teg
r
ates
p
r
o
b
lem
alig
n
m
en
t,
o
r
ig
in
ality
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
id
elity
,
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
atio
n
with
in
a
u
n
if
ied
e
v
alu
at
iv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
g
ap
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e,
wh
er
e
d
esig
n
th
in
k
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
ly
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
cr
iter
ia
m
is
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
iter
ativ
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
d
r
iv
en
n
atu
r
e.
T
o
s
y
n
th
esize
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
f
r
o
m
ex
p
e
r
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
ev
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia,
ea
ch
d
o
m
ain
was
m
ap
p
ed
to
its
co
r
e
ev
al
u
ativ
e
f
o
c
u
s
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tati
v
e
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
ese
n
ts
th
is
s
y
n
th
esis
,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
ex
p
er
t
-
d
er
iv
e
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
wer
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
an
in
itial
in
d
icato
r
p
o
o
l
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
atio
n
,
p
ilo
t
test
in
g
,
a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
.
As
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
d
o
m
ain
s
ca
p
tu
r
e
c
o
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
y
et
d
is
tin
ct
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
q
u
ality
,
c
o
llectiv
ely
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
co
h
er
en
t
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
d
esig
n
t
h
in
k
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
d
ef
en
s
ib
ili
ty
,
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ev
alu
atio
n
wh
il
e
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
x
p
er
t
-
d
er
iv
ed
e
v
alu
atio
n
d
o
m
ai
n
s
,
co
r
e
e
v
alu
ativ
e
f
o
cu
s
,
an
d
s
am
p
le
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
d
esig
n
th
i
n
k
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
d
o
ma
i
n
C
o
r
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
v
e
f
o
c
u
s
S
a
mp
l
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
A
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
;
r
e
sp
o
n
si
v
e
n
e
s
s
t
o
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
n
e
e
d
s
Th
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
a
d
d
r
e
ss
e
s
a
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
b
l
e
m.
N
o
v
e
l
t
y
,
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
l
l
e
c
t
u
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
Ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
w
h
i
l
e
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
t
o
o
l
s
o
r
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
Th
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
d
e
m
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
s
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
t
y
b
e
y
o
n
d
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
o
r
c
o
mm
o
n
l
y
u
se
d
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
.
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
N
e
e
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
t
,
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
d
e
f
e
n
si
b
l
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
a
c
r
o
ss e
v
a
l
u
a
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
Th
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
c
a
n
b
e
a
ss
e
sse
d
u
si
n
g
a
sh
a
r
e
d
r
u
b
r
i
c
o
r
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
A
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
d
e
s
i
g
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s
C
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
,
p
r
o
c
e
ss
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
n
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
d
e
si
g
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
Th
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
s
k
e
y
d
e
s
i
g
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
st
a
g
e
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
e
mp
a
t
h
y
,
i
d
e
a
t
i
o
n
,
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
i
n
g
,
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
)
.
F
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
s
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
u
se
,
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
Th
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
c
a
n
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
u
si
n
g
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s.
D
e
mo
n
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
Ex
t
e
n
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
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CO
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a
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ch
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tp
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ig
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s
th
em
atic
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lated
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icato
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g
k
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im
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s
io
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r
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u
ality
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clu
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in
g
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ele
v
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ce
,
o
r
ig
in
ality
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p
r
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s
s
f
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ea
s
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u
s
tain
ab
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,
an
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co
m
p
eten
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em
o
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tr
atio
n
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h
e
s
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s
tem
atic
p
r
o
g
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ess
io
n
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m
ex
p
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cr
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es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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3
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2310
a
co
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atin
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atica
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lated
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ch
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ir
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d
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s
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etr
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ely
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m
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s
wh
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in
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an
d
s
h
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ig
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e
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tial
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ev
elo
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o
f
th
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.
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p
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t
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co
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it
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ex
ter
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al
g
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t f
u
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was in
v
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lv
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d
.
AUTHO
R
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NT
RI
B
UT
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M
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h
is
jo
u
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s
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o
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to
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y
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R
ed
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ize
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th
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s
h
ip
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is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
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llab
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atio
n
.
Na
m
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o
f
Aut
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M
So
Va
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r
y
C
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J
.
Go
✓
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✓
J
o
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ely
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C
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ata
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al
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ter
p
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n
f
o
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co
n
s
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t
was
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b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
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n
.
Par
ticip
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e
in
f
o
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m
e
d
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
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s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
es,
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
n
a
tu
r
e,
an
d
th
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r
i
g
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t
to
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r
aw
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n
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en
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o
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io
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co
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in
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d
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e
u
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o
f
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o
n
y
m
ized
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ata
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
p
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licatio
n
.
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T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
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e
s
tu
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y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
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in
ac
co
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d
an
ce
with
n
atio
n
al
r
eg
u
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d
in
s
titu
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al
p
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d
i
n
co
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p
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ce
with
th
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Dec
lar
a
tio
n
o
f
Helsin
k
i.
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th
ical
ap
p
r
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v
al
was
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
R
esear
ch
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th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
o
f
Dav
ao
De
Or
o
State
C
o
lleg
e
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
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o
llectio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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v
al
&
R
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d
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c
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N:
2252
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typ
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tea
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c
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(
Ma
r
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C
r
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J.
Go
)
2311
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
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tin
g
t
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e
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d
i
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g
s
o
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is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
,
[
MCJ
G]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
e
q
u
est.
Du
e
to
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
an
d
p
r
i
v
a
cy
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
th
e
d
atasets
ar
e
n
o
t
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le;
h
o
wev
er
,
d
er
iv
e
d
d
a
ta
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
with
in
th
e
ar
tic
le.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
V
l
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c
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.
M
a
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,
“
A
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2
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[
2
]
E.
H
u
b
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t
a
l
.
,
“
T
o
w
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d
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,
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t
&
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.
[
3
]
G
.
T.
L.
B
r
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w
n
,
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T
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p
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,
p
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[
4
]
S
.
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.
[
5
]
M
.
Z
.
K
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m
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d
M
.
S
.
A
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M.
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r
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[
6
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J.
Li
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,
“
P
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Ma
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R
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.
[
7
]
Z.
Y
a
n
a
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d
D
.
C
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r
l
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ss
,
“
S
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sm
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& Ev
a
l
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H
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[
8
]
M
.
W
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k
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H
.
S
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A
.
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.
I
l
ma,
“
Le
a
r
n
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-
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d
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:
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sy
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.
[
9
]
G
.
O
.
B
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,
T.
B
.
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A
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0
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1
1
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O
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y
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a
,
K
.
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,
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.
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[
1
2
]
J.
W
.
C
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.
L.
P
.
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.
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:
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.
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
S
h
o
r
t
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a
n
d
J.
S
mi
t
h
,
“
M
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[
1
4
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M
.
K
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,
“
V
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ses,
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[
1
5
]
T.
A
.
K
y
r
i
a
z
o
s
,
“
A
p
p
l
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d
p
s
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c
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me
t
r
i
c
s:
s
a
mp
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s
(
EFA
,
C
F
A
)
a
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d
S
E
M
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y
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.
[
1
6
]
E.
F
o
k
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d
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s
,
“
D
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M
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C
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m
p
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rs
& E
d
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c
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:
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,
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.
[
1
7
]
A
.
P
e
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l
.
,
“
D
e
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me
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sk
s,”
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e
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t
& E
v
a
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3
2
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3
9
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