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p
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tri
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ti
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ig
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u
a
li
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e
x
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e
s
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to
a
re
li
g
i
o
u
s
l
it
e
ra
ry
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tera
c
y
(RLL
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m
o
d
e
l.
Us
in
g
a
q
u
a
li
tati
v
e
i
n
terp
re
tati
v
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p
h
e
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o
m
e
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lo
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a
p
p
ro
a
c
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t
h
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h
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te
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h
e
n
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l
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ica
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a
n
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ly
sis
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P
A),
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e
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x
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m
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s
sa
n
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ri’s
li
v
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d
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x
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d
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e
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in
g
-
m
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k
in
g
p
ro
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e
s.
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ta
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re
g
e
n
e
ra
te
d
t
h
ro
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g
h
in
-
d
e
p
th
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c
t
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terv
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sa
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fr
o
m
fo
u
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n
tre
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t
Ja
v
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a
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Yo
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rta,
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d
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su
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stu
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tera
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wo
r
k
s
a
n
d
p
e
sa
n
tre
n
l
it
e
ra
c
y
a
rc
h
iv
e
s.
T
h
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
in
v
o
l
v
e
d
it
e
ra
ti
v
e
sta
g
e
s
o
f
c
lo
se
re
a
d
in
g
,
c
o
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
m
a
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
h
e
r
m
e
n
e
u
ti
c
in
terp
re
tatio
n
.
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e
f
in
d
in
g
s
re
v
e
a
l
th
re
e
i
n
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
d
ime
n
sio
n
s
o
f
RLL
:
i
)
li
tera
tu
re
a
s
sp
iri
t
u
a
l
a
n
d
m
o
ra
l
re
flec
ti
o
n
;
ii
)
tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
v
e
se
lfh
o
o
d
a
n
d
m
o
ra
l
c
o
n
sc
io
u
sn
e
ss
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
re
flec
ti
v
e
re
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
wr
it
in
g
;
a
n
d
iii
)
p
e
sa
n
tre
n
a
s
a
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ica
l
e
c
o
sy
ste
m
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
fa
it
h
,
e
t
h
ics
,
a
n
d
c
re
a
ti
v
e
e
x
p
re
ss
io
n
.
T
h
e
se
d
ime
n
sio
n
s
fo
rm
th
e
RLL
m
o
d
e
l,
wh
ich
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
li
z
e
s
li
tera
ry
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
a
s
a
c
y
c
li
c
a
l
p
ro
c
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ss
o
f
d
e
v
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ti
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n
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re
flec
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
se
lf
-
tran
sf
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
.
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h
e
st
u
d
y
c
o
n
tri
b
u
tes
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
ll
y
b
y
e
x
t
e
n
d
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
re
li
g
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o
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s
li
tera
c
y
b
e
y
o
n
d
tex
t
u
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
to
wa
rd
e
x
p
e
rien
ti
a
l
a
n
d
in
terp
re
tati
v
e
m
o
ra
l
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
.
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
o
ffe
rs
a
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
fra
m
e
wo
rk
f
o
r
d
e
sig
n
in
g
re
flec
ti
v
e
li
tera
c
y
p
r
o
g
ra
m
s
i
n
Isla
m
ic
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
t
h
a
t
su
p
p
o
r
t
c
h
a
ra
c
ter
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
d
d
re
ss
c
o
n
t
e
m
p
o
ra
ry
m
o
ra
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s a
m
o
n
g
y
o
u
th
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
n
ter
p
r
etativ
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
an
aly
s
is
Mo
r
al
lear
n
in
g
P
esa
n
tr
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
R
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
liter
ac
y
Sp
ir
itu
al
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
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A
uth
o
r
:
L
am
r
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
L
an
g
u
ag
e
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Facu
lty
o
f
L
an
g
u
ag
e,
Ar
ts
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
e,
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta
Un
iv
er
s
ity
State
Kar
an
g
Ma
lan
g
,
C
atu
r
tu
n
g
g
al,
Dep
o
k
,
Slem
an
,
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: la
m
r
i.2
0
2
4
@
s
tu
d
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t.u
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y
.
ac
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id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
elig
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u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
lay
s
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
m
o
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
co
n
s
cio
u
s
n
ess
,
esp
ec
ially
in
f
aith
-
b
a
s
e
d
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
p
esa
n
tr
en
(
I
s
lam
ic
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
)
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
1
]
.
W
ith
in
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
liter
ar
y
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
u
ch
as
wr
itin
g
p
o
etr
y
,
s
h
o
r
t
s
to
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ies,
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d
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ef
lectiv
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ay
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,
h
av
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in
ter
twin
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with
m
o
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i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
cu
ltiv
a
tio
n
[
2
]
–
[
4
]
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
is
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
an
ar
tis
tic
p
u
r
s
u
it
b
u
t
s
er
v
es
a
s
a
v
eh
icle
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
adab
(
eth
ical
co
n
d
u
ct
)
,
in
ter
n
ali
zin
g
a
kh
la
q
(
m
o
r
al
v
ir
tu
es),
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
a
n
tr
i
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
d
iv
in
e
[
5
]
.
Y
et,
in
co
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
is
co
u
r
s
e,
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ac
y
is
o
f
ten
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
n
ar
r
o
wly
as
te
x
tu
al
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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R
elig
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liter
a
r
y
liter
a
cy
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
:
a
p
h
en
o
men
o
lo
g
ica
l stu
d
y
o
f m
o
r
a
l a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
lea
r
n
in
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…
(
La
mri
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2807
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
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m
p
h
asizin
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cr
ip
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al
k
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o
wled
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r
ath
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r
th
an
liv
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m
o
r
al
an
d
r
ef
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en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
co
n
te
x
t,
h
o
wev
er
,
liter
ac
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as
a
m
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th
r
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wr
itin
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d
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ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
is
cu
ltu
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d
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u
ca
tio
n
al
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
o
s
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s
p
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tr
en
liter
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e,
cu
r
r
ic
u
lar
,
o
r
t
h
eo
lo
g
ical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
o
u
t
co
m
es,
wh
ile
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
litt
le
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
r
ef
lectiv
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
p
esa
n
tr
en
liter
ac
y
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
lar
g
el
y
d
escr
ib
ed
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
b
e
n
ef
its
,
y
e
t
th
ey
s
eld
o
m
p
r
o
v
id
e
ev
al
u
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
o
r
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
e
x
am
in
in
g
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
m
o
r
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
o
r
r
e
f
lectiv
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
am
o
n
g
s
a
n
tr
i
(
s
tu
d
en
t)
[
3
]
,
[
9
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
to
o
ls
th
at
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
ev
alu
atin
g
wh
et
h
er
an
d
h
o
w
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
m
o
r
al
a
war
en
ess
,
s
p
ir
itu
al
g
r
o
wth
,
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
g
ap
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
to
r
ec
o
n
ce
p
tu
alize
r
e
lig
io
u
s
liter
ac
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
as
an
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
u
t
also
as
a
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
d
o
m
a
in
th
at
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
ev
alu
atio
n
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
with
in
f
aith
-
b
ased
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
l
o
g
ic
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
t
h
at
em
p
h
asizes
m
ea
n
in
g
-
m
ak
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
liv
e
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
i
n
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
W
ith
in
th
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
,
t
h
e
ac
t
o
f
wr
itin
g
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
atu
r
e
is
v
iewe
d
as
a
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
en
co
u
n
ter
b
etwe
en
f
aith
,
tex
t,
an
d
th
e
s
elf
,
m
ed
iated
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
d
ialo
g
u
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
r
aws
o
n
Gad
am
er
’
s
h
er
m
en
eu
tic
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
r
izo
n
s
,
wh
er
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
em
er
g
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
ter
p
r
eter
’
s
liv
ed
wo
r
ld
an
d
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
s
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
th
e
tex
t
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
allo
ws
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
h
o
w
s
a
n
tr
i
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
r
e
lig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tice
n
o
t
as
a
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
k
ill
b
u
t
as
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
m
o
r
al
ac
t
em
b
ed
d
ed
with
in
I
s
lam
ic
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
u
ltu
r
e.
T
h
e
o
r
etic
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
en
g
ag
es
with
No
d
d
in
g
s
’
s
n
o
tio
n
o
f
r
ef
lectiv
e
m
o
r
al
liter
ac
y
,
wh
ich
f
r
am
es
m
o
r
al
lear
n
i
n
g
as
r
elatio
n
al
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
tial
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
Me
zir
o
w’
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
lear
n
i
n
g
th
eo
r
y
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
cr
itical
r
ef
lectio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
W
h
en
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
with
in
I
s
lam
ic
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
th
ese
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
ter
s
ec
t w
ith
v
alu
es o
f
adab
(
eth
ical
d
is
cip
lin
e)
,
ikh
la
s
(
s
in
ce
r
ity
)
,
an
d
mu
h
a
s
a
b
a
h
(
s
elf
-
e
v
alu
atio
n
)
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
r
ich
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
len
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
liter
atu
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
b
o
th
m
o
r
al
c
u
ltiv
atio
n
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
p
r
ac
tice
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Gu
id
ed
b
y
th
is
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
s
a
n
tr
i
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
in
ter
p
r
et
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
as
a
n
in
te
g
r
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
B
ey
o
n
d
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
liv
ed
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ar
ticu
late
h
o
w
th
e
s
e
p
r
ac
tices
ca
n
b
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
ally
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
to
ev
alu
ativ
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
a
t
illu
m
in
ate
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
m
o
r
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
it
ex
am
in
es
h
o
w
r
ef
lectiv
e
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
with
r
elig
io
u
s
tex
ts
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
w
r
itin
g
f
o
s
ter
s
s
elf
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
m
o
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
an
d
f
aith
-
b
ased
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
r
ef
lectiv
e
d
ep
th
,
eth
ical
in
ter
n
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
:
“
h
o
w
d
o
s
a
n
tr
i
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
in
ter
p
r
et
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
aith
-
b
ased
an
d
r
e
f
lectiv
e
lear
n
in
g
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
h
o
w
ca
n
t
h
ese
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
f
o
r
m
ev
alu
ativ
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
m
o
r
al
p
ed
a
g
o
g
y
?
”
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
in
q
u
ir
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
liter
ac
y
(
R
L
L
)
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
as
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
liv
ed
lear
n
in
g
,
b
u
t
also
as
an
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
I
s
lam
ic
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
alizin
g
R
L
L
as
a
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
ev
alu
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
lin
k
s
liter
ar
y
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
m
o
r
al
id
e
n
tity
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
r
ef
lec
tio
n
with
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
Un
lik
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
t
h
at
p
r
im
ar
ily
v
iew
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ac
y
as
tex
tu
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
R
L
L
as
an
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
ca
n
also
f
u
n
ctio
n
as a
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
len
s
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
r
ef
lectiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
I
s
lam
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n a
nd
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
h
er
m
en
eu
tics
,
with
in
ter
p
r
eta
tiv
e
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
lo
g
ical
an
aly
s
is
(
I
PA)
s
er
v
in
g
as
th
e
g
u
id
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
I
PA
was
s
elec
te
d
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
in
d
ep
t
h
h
o
w
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
in
ter
p
r
et,
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
m
ea
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
s
itu
ated
with
in
th
eir
m
o
r
al,
cu
ltu
r
al,
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
life
wo
r
ld
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
h
er
m
en
eu
tic
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
I
PA,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ac
tiv
el
y
in
ter
p
r
eted
th
eir
o
wn
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
en
g
ag
ed
in
a
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
e
r
in
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
ese
m
ea
n
in
g
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
tex
tu
al
,
cu
ltu
r
al,
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
ef
lectio
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
in
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
h
er
m
en
eu
tic
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
i
es
o
f
Heid
eg
g
er
a
n
d
Gad
am
er
,
th
is
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
8
0
6
-
2
8
1
3
2808
s
tan
ce
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
es
th
at
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
em
e
r
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ialo
g
ical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
L
eb
en
s
welt
(
liv
ed
wo
r
l
d
)
an
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
’
s
s
itu
ated
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
d
esig
n
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
wh
ich
co
llectiv
ely
f
o
r
m
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
R
L
L
m
o
d
el,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
R
L
L
m
o
d
el
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
f
o
u
r
p
esa
n
tr
en
(
I
s
lam
ic
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
)
lo
ca
ted
in
E
ast
J
av
a
an
d
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
r
eg
io
n
s
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
th
eir
lo
n
g
-
s
tan
d
i
n
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
s
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
s
ch
o
l
ar
s
h
ip
an
d
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
eig
h
t
s
a
n
tr
i
(
n
=8
)
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
am
p
lin
g
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
I
PA.
T
h
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ac
tiv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
elig
io
u
s
l
iter
ac
y
in
itiativ
es
s
u
ch
as
s
tu
d
en
t
m
a
g
az
in
es,
p
o
etr
y
an
t
h
o
lo
g
ies,
r
ef
lectiv
e
wr
itin
g
f
o
r
u
m
s
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
liter
ar
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
it
er
ia
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
th
at
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ac
tiv
e
s
a
n
tr
i
wh
o
h
ad
s
u
s
tain
ed
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
t
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
wr
itin
g
,
ed
iti
n
g
,
o
r
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
r
elig
io
u
s
tex
ts
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
o
f
u
s
ta
d
z
(
teac
h
er
)
,
f
o
r
at
least
o
n
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
am
p
le
en
ab
led
in
-
d
ep
th
i
d
io
g
r
a
p
h
ic
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
liv
ed
ex
p
e
r
ie
n
ce
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
te
x
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
d
th
eir
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
r
ich
n
ess
o
f
co
n
tex
tu
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
s
tatis
tical
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
ins
t
rum
ent
s
Data
wer
e
co
llected
p
r
im
ar
ily
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
-
d
ep
th
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
aim
ed
at
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
s
a
n
tr
i
’
s
liv
ed
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
r
ef
lectio
n
s
o
n
t
h
eir
en
g
ag
em
en
t
with
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
p
a
r
ticip
ated
in
o
n
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
in
ter
v
iew
s
ess
io
n
,
with
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
clar
if
icatio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
wh
en
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
I
n
te
r
v
iews
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
v
er
a
th
r
e
e
-
m
o
n
th
p
er
i
o
d
,
last
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
0
to
9
0
m
in
u
tes
p
er
s
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
in
te
r
v
iew
g
u
id
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
f
iv
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
o
r
al
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
lear
n
in
g
:
s
p
ir
itu
al
an
d
m
o
r
al
r
ef
lectio
n
[
3
]
;
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
id
en
tity
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
2
2
]
;
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
co
n
tex
t
[
2
3
]
;
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
r
elig
io
u
s
v
alu
es
in
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tice
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
;
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
e
in
te
r
v
i
ew
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
r
ee
co
r
e
th
em
atic
ar
ea
s
as p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
I
PA
as
ar
tic
u
lated
b
y
Pan
d
ey
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
,
f
o
llo
win
g
a
n
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
,
co
d
in
g
,
t
h
em
atizin
g
,
a
n
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
s
y
n
th
esis
.
E
ac
h
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
was
r
ea
d
m
u
ltip
le
tim
es
to
id
en
tify
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
s
tatem
en
ts
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
th
e
s
a
n
tr
i’
s
s
p
ir
itu
al,
m
o
r
al,
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
s
.
I
n
itial c
o
d
es we
r
e
clu
s
ter
ed
in
to
em
er
g
en
t th
em
es th
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
e
r
m
en
e
u
tic
cir
cle,
allo
win
g
m
ea
n
in
g
to
e
v
o
lv
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
s
’
n
ar
r
ativ
es
an
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
’
s
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
elig
io
u
s
liter
a
r
y
liter
a
cy
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
:
a
p
h
en
o
men
o
lo
g
ica
l stu
d
y
o
f m
o
r
a
l a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
lea
r
n
in
g
…
(
La
mri
)
2809
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
tan
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
tr
an
s
cr
i
p
ts
,
f
iv
e
in
itial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
en
s
ed
in
t
o
th
r
ee
s
u
p
er
o
r
d
in
ate
th
e
m
es r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
th
e
l
iv
ed
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
in
-
d
ep
th
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews (
f
o
cu
s
ed
I
PA th
em
es
)
C
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
t
h
e
me
/
d
i
me
n
si
o
n
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
v
e
f
o
c
u
s
O
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
P
o
ssi
b
l
e
p
r
o
b
i
n
g
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
/
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
i
n
si
g
h
t
1.
S
p
i
r
i
t
u
a
l
a
n
d
m
o
r
a
l
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
To
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
h
o
w
s
a
n
t
r
i
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
z
e
mo
r
a
l
a
n
d
s
p
i
r
i
t
u
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s.
Et
h
i
c
a
l
,
sp
i
r
i
t
u
a
l
,
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
mea
n
i
n
g
-
mak
i
n
g
.
“
W
h
e
n
y
o
u
r
e
a
d
o
r
w
r
i
t
e
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
n
p
e
s
a
n
t
re
n
,
w
h
a
t
k
i
n
d
o
f
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
r
f
e
e
l
i
n
g
s
d
o
y
o
u
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
?
”
“
C
a
n
y
o
u
d
e
scri
b
e
a
mo
me
n
t
w
h
e
n
a
st
o
r
y
o
r
p
o
e
m m
a
d
e
y
o
u
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
n
y
o
u
r
f
a
i
t
h
o
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
?
”
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
o
f
a
d
a
b
,
si
n
c
e
r
i
t
y
,
h
u
mi
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
mo
r
a
l
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
s
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
.
2.
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mat
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
To
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
h
o
w
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ms
t
h
e
s
a
n
t
ri
’
s
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
a
n
d
sp
i
r
i
t
u
a
l
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
.
Ex
i
s
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
d
s
e
l
f
-
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
mea
n
i
n
g
.
“
H
a
s
y
o
u
r
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
o
r
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
t
h
e
w
a
y
y
o
u
se
e
y
o
u
r
se
l
f
a
s
a
s
a
n
t
r
i
?”
“
C
a
n
y
o
u
sh
a
r
e
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
y
o
u
r
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
o
r
d
a
i
l
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
?
”
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
mo
r
a
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
a
i
t
h
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
.
3.
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
To
e
x
a
mi
n
e
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
e
s
a
n
t
re
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
su
p
p
o
r
t
s
o
r
s
h
a
p
e
s
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
.
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
o
-
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
mea
n
i
n
g
.
“
H
o
w
d
o
e
s
y
o
u
r
p
e
s
a
n
t
re
n
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
o
r
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
?
”
“
W
h
a
t
k
i
n
d
o
f
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
o
r
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
d
o
u
s
t
a
d
z
g
i
v
e
i
n
y
o
u
r
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss?
”
R
o
l
e
o
f
p
e
s
a
n
t
r
e
n
a
s
a
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
v
e
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
p
a
c
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
f
a
i
t
h
,
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
.
4.
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
v
a
l
u
e
s
To
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
h
o
w
s
a
n
t
r
i
n
e
g
o
t
i
a
t
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
s
a
n
t
r
e
n
’
s
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
v
a
l
u
e
s i
n
t
h
e
i
r
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
w
o
r
k
.
H
e
r
men
e
u
t
i
c
a
n
d
d
o
c
t
r
i
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
“
H
o
w
d
o
y
o
u
e
n
s
u
r
e
y
o
u
r
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
a
l
i
g
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
v
a
l
u
e
s
t
a
u
g
h
t
i
n
p
e
s
a
n
t
r
e
n
?”
“
D
o
y
o
u
e
v
e
r
f
e
e
l
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
n
g
y
o
u
r
se
l
f
a
n
d
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
p
e
s
a
n
t
re
n
r
u
l
e
s?
”
D
y
n
a
mi
c
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
r
t
h
o
d
o
x
y
a
n
d
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
i
t
y
;
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
o
f
f
a
i
t
h
a
n
d
a
r
t
.
5.
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
mes
a
n
d
se
l
f
-
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
To
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
h
o
w
l
i
t
e
r
a
r
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
sa
n
t
ri
’
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
o
r
a
l
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss.
M
e
t
a
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
i
n
t
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
“
W
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
y
o
u
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
l
y
l
e
a
r
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
o
r
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
n
p
e
s
a
n
t
r
e
n
?”
“
H
o
w
d
o
t
h
e
s
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
y
o
u
r
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
y
o
u
r
se
l
f
a
n
d
y
o
u
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss?
”
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
e
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
,
sel
f
-
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
s a
sp
i
r
i
t
u
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
e
y
.
2
.
4
.
T
rus
t
wo
rt
hin
ess
a
nd
re
f
lex
iv
it
y
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
eiv
e
d
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
esear
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
o
f
Yo
g
y
a
k
ar
ta
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
id
e
n
titi
es
wer
e
an
o
n
y
m
ized
an
d
all
d
ata
wer
e
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
wed
L
i
n
co
ln
an
d
Gu
b
a’
s
cr
iter
ia
o
f
cr
ed
ib
il
ity
,
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
,
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ab
ilit
y
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
d
ata
was
en
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
ettin
g
,
m
em
b
er
c
h
ec
k
in
g
with
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
,
an
d
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
i
n
ter
v
iew
n
a
r
r
ativ
es
with
s
tu
d
en
t
liter
ar
y
wo
r
k
s
an
d
p
esa
n
tr
en
liter
ac
y
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
T
r
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
t
h
ick
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tex
t
a
n
d
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
De
p
en
d
ab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ab
ilit
y
wer
e
m
ain
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
a
u
d
it
tr
ail
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tin
g
in
te
r
v
iew
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
an
al
y
tical
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
e
I
PA,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
also
en
g
ag
ed
in
r
ef
lex
iv
e
j
o
u
r
n
alin
g
to
ex
am
in
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
b
iases
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
th
e
c
o
-
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
m
ea
n
in
g
with
in
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
h
er
m
en
e
u
tic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
I
PA.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
x
periencing
lite
ra
t
ure
a
s
s
piritua
l a
nd
m
o
ra
l r
ef
lect
io
n
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
liter
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
a
lin
g
u
is
tic
ex
e
r
cise
in
to
a
s
p
ir
itu
al
en
c
o
u
n
t
er
,
wh
er
e
cr
ea
tiv
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
b
ec
am
e
a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
wo
r
s
h
ip
(
ib
a
d
a
h
b
a
tin
ia
h
)
a
n
d
s
elf
-
p
u
r
if
icatio
n
.
T
wo
in
ter
r
elate
d
s
u
b
th
em
es
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
:
i
)
en
co
u
n
ter
i
n
g
f
aith
th
r
o
u
g
h
lit
er
ar
y
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
ii
)
i
n
te
r
n
alizin
g
a
d
a
b
a
n
d
eth
ical
co
n
d
u
ct
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
wr
itin
g
.
Fo
r
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
,
en
g
ag
in
g
with
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
atu
r
e
was
d
escr
ib
ed
as
an
ac
t
o
f
d
ev
o
tio
n
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
a
p
u
r
el
y
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
u
r
s
u
it.
R
e
ad
in
g
a
n
d
w
r
itin
g
wer
e
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
d
as
m
o
m
en
ts
o
f
wo
r
s
h
ip
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
r
e
m
e
m
b
r
an
ce
,
w
h
er
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
b
ec
am
e
a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
f
aith
an
d
em
o
tio
n
.
“
Wh
en
I
w
r
ite
a
p
o
em
a
b
o
u
t
f
a
ith
,
I
feel
like
I
a
m
p
r
a
yin
g
w
ith
w
o
r
d
s
.
Th
e
r
h
yth
m
o
f
w
r
itin
g
w
a
s
ex
p
erien
ce
d
a
s
a
r
eflec
tive
a
ct
a
kin
to
p
r
a
ye
r
,
it
b
r
in
g
s
ca
l
mn
ess
to
my
h
ea
r
t.
E
ve
r
y
tim
e
I
r
ea
d
I
s
la
mic
liter
a
tu
r
e;
I
feel
r
emi
n
d
ed
th
a
t
kn
o
w
led
g
e
is
a
ls
o
a
w
a
y
to
kn
o
w
A
lla
h
.
S
o
meti
mes
o
n
e
ve
r
s
e
in
a
p
o
em
ma
ke
s
me
cry,
it fee
ls
like
a
d
vice
fr
o
m
Him
d
ir
ec
tly.
”
(
R
1
an
d
R
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
8
0
6
-
2
8
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3
2810
T
h
ese
in
ter
twin
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
liter
ar
y
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
s
ae
s
th
etics
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
d
ialo
g
u
e
.
Fo
r
b
o
t
h
R
1
an
d
R
2
,
th
e
ac
t
o
f
wr
itin
g
a
n
d
r
ea
d
i
n
g
r
elig
io
u
s
tex
ts
b
ec
o
m
es
an
em
b
o
d
ied
d
z
ikr
,
a
p
r
ac
tice
th
at
h
ar
m
o
n
iz
es
in
tellect,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
a
n
d
d
e
v
o
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
a
n
tr
i
f
in
d
i
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
a
co
n
tem
p
lativ
e
r
h
y
th
m
th
at
lin
k
s
th
e
em
o
t
io
n
al
d
e
p
th
o
f
p
o
et
r
y
with
th
e
r
ef
lectiv
e
s
till
n
ess
o
f
p
r
a
y
er
.
I
n
I
PA
ter
m
s
,
liter
ar
y
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
ite
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
in
tim
ac
y
,
wh
e
r
e
f
aith
is
en
ac
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
r
ef
in
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
is
ex
p
er
ien
tial
s
y
n
th
esis
ec
h
o
es
G
ad
am
er
’
s
n
o
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
r
izo
n
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
th
e
s
ac
r
ed
te
x
t a
n
d
th
e
liv
ed
wo
r
ld
o
f
th
e
wr
iter
m
er
g
e
to
f
o
r
m
n
ew
s
p
ir
itu
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
n
d
m
o
r
al
awa
r
en
ess
.
W
r
itin
g
in
p
e
s
a
n
tr
en
was
o
f
ten
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
as
a
way
to
p
r
ac
tice
a
d
a
b
,
eth
ical
r
ef
in
em
en
t th
at
s
h
ap
es m
o
r
al
b
eh
av
io
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
cip
lin
ed
s
elf
-
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
3
.
2
.
T
ra
ns
f
o
rma
t
io
n o
f
t
he
s
elf
t
hro
ug
h lit
er
a
ry
pra
ct
ice
T
wo
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
u
b
t
h
em
e
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
:
i
)
s
h
ap
in
g
m
o
r
al
id
en
tity
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
f
lectiv
e
wr
itin
g
an
d
ii
)
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
g
r
o
wth
.
“
Wh
en
I
s
ta
r
ted
w
r
itin
g
r
elig
io
u
s
ess
a
ys,
I
r
ea
liz
ed
I
o
ften
r
emin
d
ed
o
t
h
ers
to
b
e
p
a
tien
t
o
r
h
o
n
est,
b
u
t I
w
a
s
n
’
t a
lw
a
ys d
o
in
g
th
a
t m
yself.
I
t fe
lt like
my
o
w
n
w
r
i
tin
g
w
a
s
tea
ch
in
g
me.
S
o
metime
s
a
fter
fin
is
h
in
g
a
p
iece
,
I
cried
b
ec
a
u
s
e
I
s
a
w
my
o
w
n
w
ea
kn
ess
es
in
my
w
o
r
d
s
.
”
(
R
6
an
d
R
7
)
T
h
ese
r
ef
lectio
n
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
f
o
s
ter
an
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
in
n
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wh
er
e
w
r
itin
g
m
ed
iates
b
etwe
en
co
g
n
i
tio
n
,
em
o
tio
n
,
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
ality
.
T
h
e
ac
t
o
f
wr
itin
g
its
elf
b
ec
o
m
es
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
i
b
a
d
a
h
(
wo
r
s
h
ip
)
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
r
o
u
tin
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
in
t
o
s
p
ir
itu
al
d
is
cip
lin
e
an
d
g
r
atitu
d
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
ch
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
s
a
n
tr
i
d
ev
elo
p
d
ee
p
er
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
lear
n
in
g
to
in
ter
p
r
et
d
aily
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
as
d
iv
in
e
s
ig
n
s
,
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
m
o
r
al
r
ef
in
em
en
t.
I
n
th
e
h
er
m
en
eu
tic
s
en
s
e,
th
is
g
r
o
wth
r
ef
lects
th
e
u
n
f
o
ld
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
elf
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
d
i
alo
g
u
e
with
f
aith
,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t is co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
c
o
-
co
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ef
lectiv
e
liter
ac
y
.
3
.
3
.
P
esa
ntr
en
lite
ra
cy
a
s
a
peda
g
o
g
ica
l sp
a
ce
f
o
r
m
o
r
a
l
a
nd
cr
ea
t
iv
e
dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
th
u
s
em
er
g
ed
as
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
p
ac
e,
wh
er
e
wr
itin
g
b
ec
o
m
es
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
in
ter
n
alizin
g
v
alu
es,
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
an
d
p
r
ac
ticin
g
d
is
cip
lin
e.
T
wo
in
ter
r
elate
d
s
u
b
th
em
es
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
:
i
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
e
d
iatio
n
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
u
id
a
n
c
e
an
d
ii
)
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
elig
io
u
s
v
alu
es
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
“
S
o
metime
s
I
w
a
n
t
to
w
r
ite
s
o
meth
in
g
u
n
u
s
u
a
l,
b
u
t
th
e
n
I
th
in
k
d
o
es
th
is
r
eflec
t
th
e
p
es
a
n
tr
en
’
s
tea
ch
in
g
s
?
I
tr
y
to
ma
ke
my
crea
tivity
a
w
a
y
to
ex
p
r
ess
lo
ve
fo
r
A
lla
h
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t fa
n
ta
s
y.
”
(
R
8
)
“
Ou
r
tea
ch
ers
n
ev
er
fo
r
b
id
u
s
to
w
r
ite
s
to
r
ies
a
b
o
u
t
ev
eryd
a
y
life,
b
u
t
th
ey
r
emin
d
u
s
t
o
a
lw
a
ys
p
u
t g
o
o
d
mess
a
g
es in
s
id
e.
C
r
ea
tivity
s
h
o
u
ld
s
till
b
r
in
g
p
a
h
a
l
a
,
n
o
t j
u
s
t a
p
p
la
u
s
e.
”
(
R
4
)
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
liter
atu
r
e
with
in
th
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
co
n
tex
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
s
p
ir
it
u
al
-
m
o
r
al
p
r
ac
tice
r
ath
er
th
an
a
m
er
el
y
l
in
g
u
is
tic
o
r
c
u
ltu
r
al
ac
tiv
ity
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
a
n
tr
i
,
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
wr
itin
g
r
elig
io
u
s
tex
ts
b
ec
am
e
em
b
o
d
ied
ac
ts
o
f
f
ait
h
a
way
o
f
r
e
m
em
b
er
in
g
Go
d
(
d
z
ikr
)
an
d
in
ter
n
alizin
g
a
d
a
b
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
f
lectiv
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
is
r
ed
ef
in
es
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ac
y
f
r
o
m
a
co
g
n
itiv
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
s
a
cr
ed
tex
ts
in
to
a
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
,
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
,
a
n
d
liv
in
g
o
u
t
d
iv
in
e
v
al
u
es
[
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
th
e
s
a
n
tr
i
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
liter
ar
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
t
o
a
co
n
tem
p
lativ
e
d
is
cip
lin
e,
wh
er
e
ev
er
y
wo
r
d
ca
r
r
ied
et
h
ical
weig
h
t a
n
d
d
e
v
o
tio
n
al
i
n
ten
tio
n
.
Su
ch
an
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
r
eso
n
ates w
ith
No
d
d
in
g
s
’
s
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
r
ef
lectiv
e
m
o
r
al
liter
ac
y
[
1
5
]
,
y
et
e
x
ten
d
s
it
b
y
s
itu
atin
g
r
ef
lectio
n
with
in
t
h
e
I
s
lam
ic
eth
o
s
o
f
s
in
ce
r
ity
(
ikh
la
s
)
an
d
eth
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
(
a
ma
n
a
h
)
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
n
a
r
r
ativ
es
r
ev
ea
led
h
o
w
c
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
s
to
r
ies
o
r
p
o
em
s
a
b
o
u
t
r
elig
io
u
s
th
em
es
b
ec
am
e
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
elf
-
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
m
o
r
al
wea
k
n
ess
an
d
r
e
n
ewa
l
o
f
f
aith
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
Me
zir
o
w’
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
y
,
wh
er
ein
cr
itical
r
ef
lectio
n
alter
s
s
e
lf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
[
2
9
]
;
h
o
wev
er
,
with
in
th
e
p
esa
n
tr
en
s
ettin
g
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
g
n
itiv
ely
b
u
t
s
p
ir
itu
ally
as
ta
z
kiya
h
al
-
n
a
fs
(
p
u
r
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
elf
)
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
wr
itin
g
,
th
e
s
a
n
tr
i
en
g
ag
e
d
in
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
mu
h
a
s
a
b
a
h
(
s
elf
-
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
)
,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
g
u
ilt,
d
o
u
b
t,
o
r
asp
ir
atio
n
in
to
in
s
ig
h
t
a
n
d
r
ep
en
tan
ce
.
T
h
is
h
er
m
en
eu
tic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
in
n
er
d
ialo
g
u
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
elf
an
d
d
iv
in
e
v
alu
es illu
s
tr
ates th
at
le
ar
n
in
g
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
is
n
o
t
co
n
f
i
n
ed
to
d
o
ct
r
in
al
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
u
t
u
n
f
o
ld
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
is
ten
tial
awa
r
en
ess
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
liter
ar
y
r
ef
lectio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
a
b
r
id
g
e
b
etwe
en
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
b
ein
g
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
o
f
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
al
r
ath
er
th
an
m
er
ely
lear
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
m
o
r
ality
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
liter
atu
r
e
e
x
em
p
lifie
s
a
liv
e
d
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
aith
,
wh
er
e
s
elf
-
ch
an
g
e
is
b
o
th
an
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
awa
k
e
n
in
g
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
R
L
L
m
o
d
el
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
cy
cl
ical
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
s
a
n
tr
i
en
g
ag
e
in
r
elig
io
u
s
liter
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
with
in
th
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
o
f
p
esa
n
tr
en
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
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v
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&
R
es E
d
u
c
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SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
elig
io
u
s
liter
a
r
y
liter
a
cy
in
p
esa
n
tr
en
:
a
p
h
en
o
men
o
lo
g
ica
l stu
d
y
o
f m
o
r
a
l a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
lea
r
n
in
g
…
(
La
mri
)
2811
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
in
ter
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
i
)
liter
ar
y
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
as
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
tial
in
p
u
t,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
r
ea
d
in
g
,
wr
itin
g
,
an
d
r
ef
lect
io
n
o
n
r
elig
io
u
s
tex
ts
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ter
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r
etativ
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iii
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ated
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ased
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ates
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e
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ir
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m
o
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al
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ef
lectio
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;
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an
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o
f
s
elf
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n
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ess
;
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d
iii
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icate
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alize
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alu
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o
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ased
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elig
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liv
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ter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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.
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