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15
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3
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Sep
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20
26
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f
icien
c
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,
an
d
s
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ity
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
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-
d
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in
teg
r
ated
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(
3
D
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v
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in
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ate
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an
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in
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laten
cy
,
b
an
d
wid
t
h
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
r
ee
D
I
C
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
-
s
ilico
n
v
ia
(
T
SV)
,
wh
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allo
ws
d
ir
ec
t
v
er
tical
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ec
tr
ical
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n
n
ec
tio
n
s
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s
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h
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a
co
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d
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d
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s
u
latin
g
lin
i
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g
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an
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n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
[
5
]
.
C
o
p
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tr
ad
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T
SV
co
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m
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s
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[
6
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,
[
7
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.
C
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ased
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ar
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to
a
d
d
r
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th
ese
c
o
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s
tr
ain
ts
[
8
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
T
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-
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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C
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T
ec
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n
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l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
4
3
-
1
1
5
3
1144
d
i
e
l
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c
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ce
[
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1
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[
1
2
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.
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ely
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ay
s
[
1
3
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[
1
4
]
.
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ly
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ased
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ater
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B
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[
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5
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ased
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ased
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e
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am
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o
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er
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p
i
tc
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izes.
HSPICE
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ased
s
im
u
latio
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s
s
h
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w
th
at
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NT
T
SVs
in
s
u
lated
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C
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o
u
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o
r
m
SW
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s
tr
u
ctu
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ar
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e
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ater
i
als
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er
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itiv
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d
c
h
ar
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ter
is
tics
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e
s
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o
wn
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T
ab
le
1
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Fig
u
r
es
1
a
n
d
2
s
h
o
w
SW
C
NT
an
d
MWC
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a
r
r
ay
s
in
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ic
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lin
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SV
s
,
h
ig
h
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g
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ical
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ic
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ater
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1
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2
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0
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3
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C
o
e
f
f
i
c
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t
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mal
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p
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p
m
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p
p
m
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°
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~
6
0
p
p
m
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°
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p
p
m
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°
C
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
v
iew
o
f
SW
C
NT
ar
r
ay
with
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
an
d
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
v
iew
o
f
MWC
NT
ar
r
ay
with
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
an
d
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
2.
LIT
ERA
TUR
E
S
UR
VEY
C
r
o
s
s
talk
,
Sig
n
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
d
elay
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
wer
i
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icien
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r
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r
o
m
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p
a
citiv
e
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d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
c
o
u
p
lin
g
b
etwe
en
n
ea
r
b
y
T
SVs
.
A
f
lu
r
r
y
o
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r
esear
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o
n
m
ater
ial
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lev
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n
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n
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esira
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C
ar
b
o
n
-
b
ased
n
a
n
o
m
ater
ials
,
esp
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ially
MWC
NT
s
,
an
d
lo
w
-
k
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
o
ly
m
er
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th
at
r
ep
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SiO₂
lin
er
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ap
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p
r
o
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is
in
g
.
R
ajk
u
m
a
r
an
d
R
e
d
d
y
[
1
1
]
p
r
esen
ted
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
co
a
x
ial
T
SVs
with
C
u
-
MWC
NT
co
m
p
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co
r
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o
ly
m
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r
s
,
wh
i
ch
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ce
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c
r
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im
p
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atch
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C
h
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a
l.
[
1
2
]
c
o
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
co
p
p
er
with
MWC
NT
s
in
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
T
SV
d
esig
n
s
ca
n
b
alan
ce
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
r
eliab
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an
d
s
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in
te
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ity
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E
x
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en
tally
,
f
o
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n
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th
at
MWC
NT
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b
ased
T
SVs
w
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ly
m
er
lin
er
s
r
ed
u
ce
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p
ac
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co
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p
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1145
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s
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Ku
m
ar
i
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a
l.
[
1
3
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ex
am
in
ed
p
o
ly
m
er
l
in
er
s
in
C
NT
-
b
ased
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SVs
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r
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cles
[
1
4
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.
Ku
m
ar
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[
1
4
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d
ev
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p
ed
an
FDTD
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a
s
ed
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o
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g
f
r
a
m
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k
f
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r
MWC
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in
ter
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th
a
t
ca
p
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r
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m
p
le
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ag
n
etic
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eh
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r
s
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n
d
p
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o
s
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talk
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ec
ts
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n
d
er
d
if
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er
en
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g
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etr
ies
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h
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n
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ec
is
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n
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e
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o
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al
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
in
g
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T
SV
in
n
o
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n
s
n
o
w
h
av
e
a
wid
er
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p
licatio
n
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ase.
Sre
elath
a
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
in
v
esti
g
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ted
MWC
NT
T
SVs
in
q
u
ater
n
ar
y
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g
ic
s
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tem
s
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n
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o
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h
s
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o
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d
th
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u
n
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les
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ay
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ig
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n
d
b
in
ar
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y
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Pal
e
t
a
l.
[
1
6
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
ilico
n
-
c
o
r
e
co
ax
ial
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SVs
,
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ich
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o
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r
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o
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as
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etr
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atin
g
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tig
h
tly
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ac
k
e
d
T
SV
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ma
ju
m
d
er
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
e
x
am
in
ed
m
ix
ed
C
NT
b
u
n
d
l
es
an
d
f
o
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n
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th
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o
g
en
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s
SW
C
NT
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d
MWC
NT
in
teg
r
atio
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ce
s
cr
o
s
s
talk
late
n
cy
an
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
n
o
is
e
.
R
am
an
ath
u
la
an
d
An
u
r
ad
h
a
[
1
8
]
s
im
u
lated
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
S
Vs
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
ca
r
b
o
n
n
an
o
p
ar
ticl
es'
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
Sah
u
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
m
etallic
T
SV
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
ef
f
ec
ts
,
a
n
eg
lecte
d
to
p
ic.
T
h
ei
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
C
NT
b
u
n
d
les
lo
wer
th
ese
cu
r
r
en
t
s
,
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
an
d
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
b
etter
f
o
r
GHz
-
r
an
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
C
ar
b
o
n
n
an
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
o
d
e
r
n
p
o
ly
m
er
s
cien
ce
ar
e
ch
an
g
in
g
3
D
I
C
T
SV
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
an
d
m
o
d
ellin
g
s
h
o
w
th
at
MWC
N
T
-
b
ased
T
SVs
with
lo
w
-
k
p
o
l
y
m
er
lin
er
s
m
a
y
m
in
im
is
e
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
i
g
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
,
an
d
l
o
wer
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
n
ex
t
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
VL
SI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
will
h
el
p
cr
ea
te
r
o
b
u
s
t,
n
o
is
e
-
r
esil
ien
t
3
D
I
C
d
esig
n
s
as
lo
g
ic
co
m
p
le
x
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ai
n
s
g
r
o
w
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
UP
L
E
D
T
S
VS A
ND
I
T
S
E
L
E
CT
RICA
L
E
Q
UI
VAL
E
N
T
M
O
D
E
L
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
c
o
u
p
led
MWC
NT
T
S
Vs
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
MWC
NT
ar
e
also
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
=
(
∑
N
=
=
1
)
.
−
1
(
1
)
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
R
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
u
p
led
T
SVs
is
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
E
q
u
atio
n
1
.
I
n
th
is
d
esi
g
n
,
R
a
r
is
es
d
u
e
to
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
T
S
V
ed
g
e
r
o
u
g
h
n
ess
,
ac
o
u
s
tic
p
h
o
n
o
n
s
,
an
d
s
tatic
im
p
u
r
ities
.
Her
e,
R
QT
in
d
icate
s
th
e
q
u
a
n
tu
m
r
esis
tan
ce
,
N
M
s
i
g
n
if
ies
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
ch
an
n
els,
N
iT
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
ch
a
n
n
els in
th
e
i
-
t
h
s
h
ell,
an
d
λ
iT
is
th
e
m
ea
n
f
r
e
e
p
ath
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
s
with
in
th
at
s
h
ell.
=
+
(
)
−
1
(
2
)
=
0
0
(
3
)
=
ℎ
4
2
(
4
)
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
L
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
in
e
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
k
i
n
etic
en
er
g
y
(
)
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
en
er
g
y
(
)
,
b
o
th
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
m
o
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
s
in
d
is
tin
ct
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
ch
a
n
n
els
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
eq
u
atio
n
s
2
,
3,
an
d
4
.
T
h
is
in
d
u
ctan
ce
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
ese
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
clu
d
e
th
e
Fer
m
i
v
elo
city
(
)
,
T
SV
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
C
h
an
n
el(
)
,
Plan
ck
’
s
co
n
s
tan
t
(
ℎ
)
,
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
,
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
v
ac
u
u
m
,
elec
tr
o
n
ch
ar
g
e
(
e
).
T
h
e
o
x
id
e
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
is
g
e
n
er
ated
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ia
an
d
th
e
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
wh
ich
is
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
C
oxide
.
T
h
e
C
o
x
id
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
in
e
q
u
atio
n
5
.
I
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
m
o
d
el,
C
Q
an
d
C
X
ar
e
th
e
q
u
an
t
u
m
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
a
n
d
p
ar
allel
p
late
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
a
n
d
th
ese
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
in
(
6
)
a
n
d
(
7
).
=
6
.
28
0
(
(
1
2
+
1
2
)
)
(
5
)
=
4
2
/
ℎ
(
6
)
=
2
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
4
3
-
1
1
5
3
1146
th
e
r
elativ
e
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ial,
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
v
ac
u
u
m
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ia
(D
M
)
b
u
n
d
le
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
(
D
G
)
.
T
h
e
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
ca
n
b
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
G
Sub
an
d
th
es
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
(
8
)
as
:
=
(
√
(
2
)
2
−
1
+
2
)
(
8
)
wh
er
e
Dp
T
is
th
e
p
itch
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
two
Vias,
=
0
.
1
(
.
)
-
1
is
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
R
TV
is
v
ia
r
ad
iu
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
a
co
u
p
lin
g
an
aly
s
is
b
etwe
en
two
n
ea
r
b
y
T
SVs
in
a
3
D
in
teg
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
lef
t
R
L
C
lin
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
a
g
g
r
ess
o
r
T
SV,
wh
ich
s
witch
es
an
d
ca
u
s
es
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
d
u
r
in
g
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
C
ap
ac
itiv
e
an
d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
m
ay
lin
k
th
is
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
to
t
h
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
v
ictim
T
SV
(
r
ig
h
t
R
L
C
lin
e)
,
wh
ich
is
q
u
iescen
t
b
u
t
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
n
o
is
e.
C
x
an
d
C
Q
s
im
u
late
in
ter
-
T
SV
co
u
p
lin
g
,
wh
er
ea
s
R
,
L
an
d
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
ele
m
en
ts
(
C
s
u
b
,
Gsu
b
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
p
h
y
s
ical
p
ar
asit
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
lectr
ical
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
ar
e
h
i
n
d
er
ed
b
y
cr
o
s
s
talk
-
in
d
u
ce
d
n
o
is
e,
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct
,
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
-
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
th
ese
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
with
v
ar
io
u
s
T
SV
p
itch
d
iam
eter
s
an
d
in
s
u
latin
g
lin
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
ex
p
ec
ted
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
SW
C
NT
o
n
es.
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
c
r
o
s
s
talk
s
ar
e
s
e
en
in
T
SVs
s
witch
in
g
.
As
a
n
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
T
SV
ch
an
g
es,
an
id
le
v
ictim
T
SV
en
co
u
n
ter
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
ik
es.
Dy
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
ag
g
r
ess
o
r
a
n
d
v
ictim
T
SVs
s
witch
co
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
.
I
t
h
as
in
-
p
h
ase
a
n
d
o
u
t
-
of
-
p
h
a
s
e
d
elay
s
.
I
n
-
p
h
ase
d
elay
s
o
cc
u
r
wh
en
b
o
th
T
SVs
f
lip
in
th
e
s
am
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
wh
er
ea
s
o
u
t
-
of
-
p
h
ase
d
elay
s
o
cc
u
r
wh
en
th
ey
s
witch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
d
va
n
ce
d
ma
teri
a
ls
fo
r
cro
s
s
t
a
lk
a
n
d
p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
TS
V
… (
Ta
p
p
eta
C
h
in
n
a
S
a
n
j
ee
va
R
a
yu
d
u
)
1147
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
co
u
p
led
T
SVs
'
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct
wer
e
s
im
u
lated
u
s
in
g
HSPICE.
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
s
p
ik
es
a
q
u
iescen
t
(
v
ictim
)
T
SV
wh
en
an
ag
g
r
ess
o
r
T
SV
ch
an
g
es.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
with
T
SV
p
itch
f
r
o
m
5
0
to
1
0
,
0
0
0
µm
.
SW
C
NT
an
d
MW
C
NT
T
SV
s
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
was e
x
am
in
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
in
d
icate
s
th
at
all
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
r
ed
u
ce
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
as
T
SV
p
itch
in
cr
ea
s
es,
im
p
ly
in
g
less
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
s
p
ac
e.
B
C
B
h
as
th
e
lo
west
cr
o
s
s
talk
a
m
o
n
g
T
SV
p
itch
es,
p
r
o
v
in
g
its
in
s
u
latio
n
.
SiO₂
h
as
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
n
o
is
e,
wh
e
r
ea
s
Po
ly
im
id
e
an
d
PP
C
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
air
ly
,
with
PP
C
s
lig
h
tly
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
Po
ly
i
m
id
e
at
h
ig
h
er
p
itch
es.
T
h
e
b
est
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
u
p
p
r
ess
o
r
,
B
C
B
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
o
is
e
as
p
itch
wid
en
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
B
C
B
an
d
h
ig
h
er
T
SV
p
itch
m
ay
e
n
h
an
ce
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
As
T
SV
p
itch
r
is
es,
all
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
a
ter
ials
r
ed
u
c
e
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
C
B
h
as
th
e
lo
west
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
at
h
ig
h
er
p
itch
es,
r
ed
u
cin
g
MW
C
NT
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
SiO₂
h
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
o
s
s
talk
ac
r
o
s
s
all
p
itch
lev
els,
in
d
icatin
g
in
f
er
io
r
is
o
latio
n
.
PP
C
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
o
is
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
Po
ly
im
id
e
at
wid
er
p
itch
es.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
T
SV
p
itch
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
ch
o
ice
o
p
tim
is
e
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
SW
C
NT
d
ev
ices
wit
h
B
C
B
d
ielec
tr
ic
ex
h
ib
it
f
ar
h
ig
h
er
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
th
an
M
W
C
NT
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
at
all
T
SV
p
itch
lev
els
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
MWC
NT
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
5
5
%
t
o
5
8
%
with
p
itch
,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
ig
n
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
Hig
h
er
p
itch
es
less
e
n
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
No
is
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
h
o
ws
SW
C
NT
s
r
ed
u
ce
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
C
r
o
s
s
talk
is
m
in
im
is
ed
m
o
r
e
b
y
MWC
NT
with
B
C
B
th
an
o
r
d
in
ar
y
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
.
Activ
e
co
u
p
lin
g
ca
u
s
es
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
wh
en
ag
g
r
ess
o
r
a
n
d
v
icti
m
T
SVs
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
cr
ea
tin
g
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Fu
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
—
wh
en
ju
s
t
th
e
ag
g
r
ess
o
r
ch
an
g
es
an
d
th
e
v
ictim
s
tay
s
th
e
s
am
e
—
in
ter
f
er
es
m
o
r
e.
Dy
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
h
as
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
co
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
r
o
s
s
talk
in
ter
f
er
es
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
s
witch
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
SV
p
itch
i
m
p
ac
ts
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
SW
C
NT
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
i
als
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
T
SV
p
itch
o
n
cr
o
s
s
talk
in
MWC
NT
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
4
3
-
1
1
5
3
1148
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
SW
C
NT
an
d
MWC
NT
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
r
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
B
C
B
d
ielec
tr
ic
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
T
SV
p
itch
es
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
d
y
n
am
ic
c
r
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
p
itch
es
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ics.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
T
SV
p
itch
r
ed
u
ce
s
cr
o
s
s
talk
in
all
d
ielec
tr
ics.
B
C
B
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
d
y
n
am
ic
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
PP
C
,
Po
ly
im
id
e,
an
d
SiO₂.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
h
o
ws
B
C
B
's
s
im
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
s
witch
in
g
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
M
W
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
s
'
d
y
n
am
i
c
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
.
B
C
B
h
as
th
e
lo
west
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
ac
r
o
s
s
all
T
SV
p
itch
es
.
Ver
y
g
o
o
d
n
o
is
e
co
u
p
l
in
g
s
h
ield
in
g
.
T
h
e
b
est
B
C
B
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
a
s
T
SV
p
itch
r
is
es.
B
C
B
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
3
D
I
C
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
b
est.
SW
C
NT
an
d
MWC
NT
T
SVs
with
B
C
B
d
i
elec
tr
ics
ar
e
test
ed
f
o
r
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
MWC
NT
h
as
f
ar
lo
wer
n
o
is
e
th
an
SW
C
NT
at
all
T
SV
p
itch
es.
No
is
e
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
r
is
es
with
p
itch
f
r
o
m
7
2
% to
7
5
%.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
M
W
C
NT
with
B
C
B
is
o
lat
es n
o
is
e
b
etter
th
an
SW
C
NT
.
MWC
NT
with
B
C
B
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
in
3
D
I
C
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
es
S
W
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
tr
en
d
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ie
lectr
ic
m
ater
i
als
as
T
SV
p
itch
in
cr
ea
s
es.
E
v
er
y
p
itch
,
B
C
B
r
elea
s
es
th
e
least
p
o
wer
.
SiO₂
ex
h
ib
its
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
,
lead
in
g
in
wo
r
s
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
B
C
B
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
n
an
o
s
ca
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
f
o
u
n
d
.
B
C
B
is
th
e
m
o
s
t e
n
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t SW
C
NT
d
ielec
tr
i
c.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ielec
tr
ics.
B
C
B
u
s
e
s
th
e
least
p
o
wer
at
all
T
SV
p
itch
es.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
SiO₂
d
is
s
ip
ates
th
e
m
o
s
t
elec
tr
icity
.
All
m
ater
ials
u
s
e
less
p
o
wer
as
T
SV
p
itch
in
cr
ea
s
es,
b
u
t
B
C
B
is
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t.
B
C
B
M
W
C
NT
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
d
ielec
tr
ic
is
m
o
s
t
p
o
wer
-
ef
f
icie
n
t.
B
C
B
d
ielec
t
r
ic
SW
C
NT
an
d
M
W
C
NT
T
SV
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
is
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
MWC
NT
s
av
es
elec
tr
icity
at
all
T
SV
p
itch
es.
No
is
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
7
5
%
–
7
8
%
with
p
itch
.
T
h
ese
r
e
s
u
lts
illu
s
tr
ate
MW
C
NT
'
s
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
v
er
SW
C
NT
.
T
h
u
s
,
MWC
NT
with
B
C
B
lo
wer
s
3
D
I
C
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
an
d
n
o
is
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
with
v
ar
io
u
s
d
iele
ctr
ic
m
ater
ials
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
d
va
n
ce
d
ma
teri
a
ls
fo
r
cro
s
s
t
a
lk
a
n
d
p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
TS
V
… (
Ta
p
p
eta
C
h
in
n
a
S
a
n
j
ee
va
R
a
yu
d
u
)
1149
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
with
v
ar
io
u
s
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e
in
SW
C
N
T
an
d
MWC
NT
with
B
C
B
d
ie
lectr
ic
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
o
we
r
lo
s
s
in
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ielec
tr
ics
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
4
3
-
1
1
5
3
1150
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ev
alu
ates
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
with
P
DP.
W
ith
d
elay
an
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e,
PDP
m
im
ics
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
an
d
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
.
Use
f
em
t
o
jo
u
les
to
d
o
u
b
le
p
o
wer
l
o
s
s
an
d
c
r
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e.
SW
C
NT
an
d
MWC
NT
PDP
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
.
MWC
NT
r
eg
u
lar
ly
lo
wer
s
PDP,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
s
ig
n
al
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
.
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
PDP
d
ep
en
d
o
n
T
SV
p
itch
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
B
C
B
h
as
th
e
lo
west
PDP,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
an
d
d
y
n
am
i
c
cr
o
s
s
talk
n
o
is
e.
SiO₂
h
as
th
e
g
r
ea
test
PDP
,
in
d
icatin
g
in
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
R
ed
u
c
ed
co
u
p
lin
g
lo
wer
s
PDP
in
al
l
m
ater
ials
as
T
SV
p
itch
r
is
es.
Dielec
tr
ic
ch
o
ice
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
T
SV c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
tr
en
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
p
o
we
r
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
in
MWC
NT
T
SV
s
with
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ielec
tr
ic
in
s
u
lat
o
r
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
SW
C
N
T
an
d
MWC
NT
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
B
C
B
in
s
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Po
wer
-
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ev
alu
atio
n
in
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t d
ielec
t
r
ics
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
d
va
n
ce
d
ma
teri
a
ls
fo
r
cro
s
s
t
a
lk
a
n
d
p
o
w
er o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
in
TS
V
… (
Ta
p
p
eta
C
h
in
n
a
S
a
n
j
ee
va
R
a
yu
d
u
)
1151
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
MW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SV
PDP
tr
en
d
s
with
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ielec
tr
ic
in
s
u
l
ato
r
s
.
B
C
B
h
as
th
e
lo
west
PDP,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
g
o
o
d
s
ig
n
al
an
d
en
er
g
y
.
SiO
₂
m
ig
h
t
h
a
v
e
th
e
lar
g
est
PDP,
in
d
icatin
g
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
T
SV
p
i
tch
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
u
p
l
in
g
an
d
PDP
in
all
m
ater
ials
.
B
C
B
in
cr
ea
s
es
3
D
I
C
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
s
tats
s
h
o
w.
B
C
B
-
b
ased
SW
C
NT
an
d
MWC
NT
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
v
ar
y
in
g
T
SV
p
itch
es
f
o
r
PDP
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
MWC
NT
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
h
av
e
lo
wer
PDP
th
an
SW
C
NT
at
all
p
itch
es.
Ov
er
all,
MWC
NT
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
co
n
s
er
v
e
en
er
g
y
.
PDP
d
r
o
p
s
5
2
%
–
5
8
%
with
T
SV
p
itch
.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
e
s
h
o
ws
MW
C
NT
s
en
h
an
ce
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
L
o
wer
MWC
NT
PD
P
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
an
d
s
ig
n
al
laten
cy
.
PDP
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
p
itch
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e.
Su
p
er
io
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
B
C
B
in
s
u
latio
n
b
o
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Po
wer
-
c
o
n
s
cio
u
s
3
D
I
C
s
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
M
W
C
NT
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
B
C
B
an
d
MWC
NT
s
m
ay
m
in
im
is
e
d
en
s
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
lat
en
cy
an
d
en
er
g
y
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Po
wer
-
d
elay
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ev
alu
atio
n
in
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t d
ielec
tr
ics
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
aly
s
is
o
f
B
C
B
-
b
ased
SW
C
NT
an
d
MW
C
NT
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
PDP
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
d
ela
y
,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
PDP
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
MWC
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
SiO₂,
PP
C
,
Po
ly
im
id
e,
an
d
B
C
B
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
SV
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
wer
e
m
o
d
eled
an
d
e
v
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
HSPICE
s
im
u
latio
n
to
o
l.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ev
alu
ated
m
ater
ial
s
,
B
C
B
-
lin
ed
T
SV
s
ex
h
ib
ited
th
e
b
est
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
.
A
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
aly
s
is
was
also
co
n
d
u
cted
ag
ain
s
t
SW
C
NT
-
b
ased
T
SVs
u
s
in
g
B
C
B
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
T
SV
p
itch
es
(
5
0
μ
m
,
5
0
0
μ
m
,
5
0
0
0
μ
m
,
an
d
1
0
0
0
0
μ
m
)
.
Simu
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MWC
NT
T
SV
s
ac
h
iev
ed
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
u
p
to
5
8
%
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
7
5
%
in
d
y
n
am
ic
cr
o
s
s
talk
,
7
8
%
in
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
,
a
n
d
5
2
%
i
n
PDP.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
at
MWC
NT
s
in
teg
r
ated
with
B
C
B
lin
er
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
3
D
in
t
eg
r
ated
cir
cu
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
4
3
-
1
1
5
3
1152
F
UNDING
I
NF
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Au
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tate
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ax
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Me
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in
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Nag
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C
:
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p
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Data
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DATA AV
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REFE
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E
S
[
1
]
S
.
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
k
a
r
,
D
.
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u
p
t
a
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d
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.
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M
a
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m
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,
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P
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s
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u
/
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El
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2.
[
2
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A
.
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3
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D
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4
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