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f
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nfo
rm
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
1
~
1
4
4
2
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
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5
9
1
/iji
ct
.
v15
i
3
.
pp
1
4
3
1
-
1
4
4
2
1431
J
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3
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d
ia
u
se
a
n
d
in
fo
rm
e
d
p
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stra
teg
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t
o
fo
ste
r
h
e
a
lt
h
ier fam
il
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d
y
n
a
m
ics
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
eh
av
io
r
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
Dig
ital g
ad
g
ets
Dig
ital p
ar
en
tin
g
Scr
ee
n
tim
e
So
o
th
in
g
h
a
b
it
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
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c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
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CC B
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li
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se
.
C
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r
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s
p
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A
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r
:
No
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r
Han
im
Har
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Facu
lty
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g
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O
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ev
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y
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ay
life
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d
ig
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.
L
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s
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p
ar
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h
av
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o
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e
in
cr
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s
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ly
d
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t
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d
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g
ital
g
ad
g
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f
o
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v
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r
io
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s
u
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in
clu
d
in
g
en
ter
tain
m
e
n
t
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
]
.
Sm
ar
tp
h
o
n
es,
tab
lets
,
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
s
er
v
ices
h
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m
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o
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k
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[
2
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,
[
3
]
.
T
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p
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o
f
ten
alig
n
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with
“
d
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r
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with
d
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s
p
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[
4
]
,
[
5
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.
T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
4
3
1
-
1
4
4
2
1432
wh
ich
d
im
in
is
h
p
ar
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tim
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[
6
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ev
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[
7
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Acc
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ital
g
ad
g
ets
as
en
ter
tain
m
en
t
a
n
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
aid
s
f
o
r
k
i
d
s
.
W
h
ile
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
i
n
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
d
ig
ital
m
ed
ia
[
4
]
,
[
8
]
,
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
also
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
ab
o
u
t
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
ten
t,
p
h
y
s
ical
s
tr
ain
,
an
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
im
p
air
m
en
ts
[
9
]
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
c
h
allen
g
es
p
ar
en
ts
f
ac
e
in
b
alan
cin
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
d
ig
it
al
to
o
ls
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
r
e
n
’
s
g
r
o
wth
with
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
r
is
k
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
d
ig
ital
g
ad
g
ets
o
f
f
er
a
p
r
ac
tical
way
to
co
n
tr
o
l
k
id
s
’
em
o
tio
n
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
s
to
th
is
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Stu
d
ies
in
d
icate
th
at
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
lear
n
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
m
ay
b
e
h
i
n
d
er
e
d
b
y
th
e
o
v
er
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
g
ad
g
et
s
f
o
r
em
o
tio
n
al
s
o
o
th
in
g
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
C
h
ild
r
en
m
a
y
g
r
o
w
r
elian
t
o
n
ex
ter
n
al
s
tim
u
li
f
o
r
co
m
f
o
r
t
r
ath
er
th
a
n
le
ar
n
in
g
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
an
d
m
an
ag
e
th
eir
em
o
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
c
o
u
ld
ev
en
t
u
ally
im
p
ed
e
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
em
o
t
io
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
,
m
ak
in
g
it
h
ar
d
e
r
f
o
r
th
em
to
h
a
n
d
le
s
tr
ess
,
wo
r
r
y
,
an
d
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
ex
c
ess
iv
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
ev
ices
d
u
r
in
g
p
ar
en
tin
g
m
a
y
u
n
in
te
n
tio
n
all
y
af
f
ec
t
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
ar
e
n
t
-
ch
ild
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
Par
en
ts
wh
o
r
o
u
tin
ely
u
s
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
to
ca
lm
th
eir
k
id
s
m
a
y
m
is
s
o
u
t
o
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
th
at
f
o
s
ter
em
o
tio
n
al
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
is
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
“
tech
n
o
f
er
en
ce
,
”
wh
er
e
d
ig
it
al
g
ad
g
ets
in
ter
f
er
e
with
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
af
f
ec
tin
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
’
s
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
attac
h
m
en
t [
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
is
p
r
ac
tice
ex
ten
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
r
elatio
n
al
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
.
E
ar
l
y
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
s
cr
ee
n
tim
e
h
as
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
t
o
n
eg
ativ
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
s
u
ch
as
im
p
u
ls
iv
ity
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
atten
tio
n
s
p
an
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
ch
allen
g
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
b
ala
n
ce
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
tin
g
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
b
o
th
im
m
ed
iat
e
b
en
ef
its
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
As
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
tin
g
r
ef
lects
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cieta
l
s
h
if
ts
in
f
am
ily
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
s
tu
d
y
th
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
in
d
ep
t
h
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
elian
ce
o
n
d
ig
ital
g
ad
g
ets
as
ca
lm
in
g
aid
s
o
n
ch
ild
r
e
n
’
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
f
am
ily
d
y
n
a
m
ics.
B
y
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
a
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
id
en
tifie
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tr
e
n
d
s
,
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
s
th
at
war
r
a
n
t f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
c
h
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
i
s
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
m
e
th
o
d
th
at
ex
am
in
es
ac
ad
em
ic
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
to
id
en
tify
p
atter
n
s
,
ef
f
ec
ts
,
an
d
tr
en
d
s
in
a
f
iel
d
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
a
u
th
o
r
s
,
in
s
titu
t
io
n
s
,
an
d
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
ca
n
b
e
ex
am
in
ed
t
o
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
em
es
an
d
r
esear
ch
t
r
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
ies
ca
n
th
en
b
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
citatio
n
an
aly
s
is
[
1
7
]
.
On
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
way
to
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
liter
atu
r
e,
id
en
tif
y
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
,
an
d
g
u
id
e
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
as
it
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
ta
-
d
r
iv
e
n
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
h
o
w
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
cip
lin
es
h
av
e
ch
an
g
ed
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
ed
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
m
ain
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
in
d
ex
in
g
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
liter
atu
r
e
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
Sco
p
u
s
is
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
d
ata
b
ase
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
an
y
citatio
n
d
etails
a
n
d
m
etad
ata.
I
ts
b
r
ea
d
th
o
f
cr
e
d
ib
le
ac
ad
em
ic
jo
u
r
n
als
an
d
ea
s
y
-
to
-
u
s
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
m
ak
e
it th
e
id
ea
l p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
[
2
0
]
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
th
e
ca
lib
r
e
an
d
a
p
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
in
cl
u
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
[
2
1
]
.
Ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
4
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
e
m
o
s
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
On
ly
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
t
o
l
i
m
it
t
h
e
s
c
o
p
e
.
O
p
e
n
-
a
c
c
ess
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
e
r
e
s
e
l
e
ct
e
d
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
r
e
p
l
i
c
a
b
le
.
A
l
s
o
,
s
i
n
c
e
E
n
g
l
is
h
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
i
n
a
ca
d
e
m
ic
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
wa
s
r
e
s
t
r
i
ct
e
d
t
o
a
r
t
i
cl
es
a
u
t
h
o
r
e
d
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
i
n
k
e
ep
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
t
o
p
i
c
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
th
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
s
ci
e
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
r
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
cl
u
d
e
d
a
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
l
y
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
e
d
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
t
h
a
t
u
s
ed
S
c
o
p
u
s
’
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
it
i
es
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
B
o
o
l
e
a
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
f
i
n
d
r
el
e
v
a
n
t
a
r
t
i
cl
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
i
e
d
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
.
A
f
t
e
r
b
e
i
n
g
r
e
t
r
i
ev
e
d
,
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
w
as
cl
e
a
n
e
d
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
d
u
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
e
n
t
r
i
es
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
d
a
t
a
.
T
h
e
c
l
e
a
n
e
d
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
b
i
b
l
i
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
,
t
i
t
l
es
,
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
ts
,
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
,
p
u
b
li
c
a
t
i
o
n
y
e
a
r
s
,
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
n
a
m
es
,
c
it
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
u
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
a
f
f
i
l
i
at
i
o
n
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
b
e
g
an
with
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
au
t
h
o
r
s
,
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Me
tr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
h
-
in
d
ex
,
th
e
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
cita
tio
n
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
t
o
g
au
g
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
in
f
l
u
en
ce
.
B
y
ex
am
in
i
n
g
tr
e
n
d
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
an
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
tim
e,
in
s
ig
h
ts
wer
e
g
ain
ed
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
ject
f
ield
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
er
io
d
[
2
4
]
.
All
a
n
aly
s
es
an
d
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
wer
e
b
ased
s
o
lely
o
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
to
m
ain
tain
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
N
a
vig
a
tin
g
d
ig
ita
l
p
a
r
en
tin
g
:
a
b
ib
lio
metric e
xp
lo
r
a
tio
n
o
f tren
d
s
o
n
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
… (
R
ita
Wo
n
g
Mee
Mee
)
1433
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
o
n
d
ig
ital
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
ad
h
e
r
ed
to
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ic
ally
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
in
clu
s
i
o
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
an
d
r
elev
a
n
t
liter
atu
r
e.
Utilizin
g
th
e
Sc
o
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
itially
id
e
n
tifie
d
a
to
t
al
o
f
1
0
,
4
4
3
r
ec
o
r
d
s
b
y
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
ield
T
I
T
L
E
-
AB
S
-
KE
Y
with
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
“
d
ig
ital
”
an
d
“
p
a
r
en
t*
.
”
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
ed
to
e
n
co
m
p
ass
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tu
d
ies p
er
tin
en
t to
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
d
ig
ital p
ar
en
ti
n
g
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
S
c
o
p
u
s
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
A
l
l
Ti
me
p
e
r
i
o
d
2
0
2
0
t
o
2
0
2
4
S
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
e
l
d
TI
TLE
-
A
B
S
-
K
EY
S
e
a
r
c
h
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
“
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
”
a
n
d
“
p
a
r
e
n
t
*
”
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
r
e
a
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
t
y
p
e
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
En
g
l
i
sh
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
wer
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
to
e
n
h
an
c
e
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Ar
ticles
wer
e
lim
ited
to
th
o
s
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
4
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
ef
lecte
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
with
in
t
h
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
wa
s
f
u
r
th
er
r
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
r
estrictin
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
to
ar
ticles
with
in
th
e
So
cial
Scien
ce
s
d
o
m
ain
,
av
ailab
le
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
as
o
p
en
-
ac
ce
s
s
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
o
p
en
-
ac
ce
s
s
m
ater
ial
was in
ten
d
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ci
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
p
h
ase
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
in
v
o
lv
e
d
f
ilter
in
g
5
,
7
5
0
r
ec
o
r
d
s
b
ased
o
n
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
ty
p
es,
d
u
r
in
g
w
h
ich
4
,
6
9
3
r
ec
o
r
d
s
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
as
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
f
all
with
in
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
p
u
b
licatio
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
4
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
4
,
1
3
4
r
ec
o
r
d
s
w
er
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
as
th
e
y
wer
e
n
o
t
class
if
ied
u
n
d
er
th
e
So
cial
Sci
en
ce
s
d
o
m
ain
o
r
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
ty
p
e
as
ar
ticles.
I
n
th
e
elig
ib
ilit
y
p
h
ase,
a
d
etailed
as
s
ess
m
en
t
o
f
1
,
6
1
6
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
ar
t
icles
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ascer
tain
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
all
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
is
s
tag
e,
7
7
9
ar
ticles
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
o
r
f
ailin
g
t
o
m
ee
t
la
n
g
u
ag
e
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
n
o
t
b
ein
g
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
o
r
n
o
t
b
ein
g
av
ailab
le
as
o
p
e
n
-
ac
ce
s
s
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
as a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
f
in
al
d
ataset
co
m
p
r
is
ed
8
3
7
ar
ticles th
at
s
atis
f
ied
all
s
p
ec
if
ied
cr
iter
ia.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
is
m
a
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
en
s
u
r
ed
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
a
f
o
c
u
s
ed
c
o
r
p
u
s
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
ali
g
n
ed
clo
s
ely
with
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
in
clu
s
io
n
a
n
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia,
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
w
ith
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
PR
I
SMA
f
lo
wch
ar
t,
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
a
n
d
r
i
g
o
r
t
o
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
B
y
ad
h
er
in
g
to
th
ese
s
tr
in
g
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
4
3
1
-
1
4
4
2
1434
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
d
cr
e
d
ib
le
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
ti
n
g
with
in
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
d
o
m
ain
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
f
ield
.
3
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
d
ig
ital
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
i
n
ch
ild
r
e
n
’
s
d
ig
ital
s
o
o
th
in
g
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
wth
an
d
i
n
ter
d
i
s
cip
lin
ar
y
in
ter
est
in
th
is
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
s
tead
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
j
o
u
r
n
als,
an
d
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
lead
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
its
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
[
2
6
]
.
Stu
d
ies
em
p
h
asize
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
f
p
ar
en
t
-
ch
ild
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
er
a
an
d
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
p
ar
en
tal
g
u
id
an
ce
in
m
itig
atin
g
r
i
s
k
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
[
2
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
li
n
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
tailo
r
ed
in
ter
v
en
t
io
n
s
an
d
p
a
r
en
tal
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
f
o
s
ter
in
g
b
alan
c
ed
d
ig
ital
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
am
o
n
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
s
ch
o
lar
ly
atten
tio
n
to
th
is
d
o
m
ain
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
an
d
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
n
at
u
r
e
[
2
9
]
.
3.
1
.
1
.
T
o
p t
en
m
o
s
t
cit
ed
wo
rk
s
T
h
e
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
tin
g
an
d
c
h
ild
r
en
’
s
d
ig
ital
s
o
o
th
in
g
r
ev
ea
ls
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cte
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
A
n
o
tab
le
th
em
e
is
th
e
s
h
if
t
in
p
ar
en
tin
g
r
o
les
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
d
ig
i
tal
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
as
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
l
y
cited
wo
r
k
s
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
D
an
iel
[
3
0
]
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
an
d
em
i
c
(
1
1
2
6
citatio
n
s
)
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
o
v
e
r
ar
ch
in
g
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
o
n
ed
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u
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4
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3.
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ar
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n
.
Fig
u
r
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6
.
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ap
h
ic
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is
3.
2
.
I
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4
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.
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d
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p
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p
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[
4
2
]
.
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ics [
2
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,
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4
3
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.
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h
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in
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m
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ag
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r
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f
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d
ap
p
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es,
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p
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im
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s
elf
-
s
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o
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k
ills
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4
4
]
,
[
4
5
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.
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f
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d
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ital
liter
ac
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in
to
p
a
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p
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r
a
m
s
[
4
6
]
.
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d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
an
d
p
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r
s
ca
n
d
esig
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v
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at
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p
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d
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f
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f
ec
ts
o
n
ch
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d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
4
7
]
.
T
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
in
v
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l
v
em
en
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
in
s
titu
tio
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s
lik
e
U
NSW
Sy
d
n
ey
an
d
Un
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s
ity
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lleg
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L
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a
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win
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f
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s
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m
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-
co
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p
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ter
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ter
ac
tio
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in
p
ar
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tin
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co
n
te
x
ts
.
Dev
elo
p
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s
o
f
d
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g
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p
lica
tio
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s
an
d
p
latf
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ca
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d
r
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f
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tu
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p
p
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t
p
o
s
itiv
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p
ar
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tin
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
4
8
]
,
s
u
ch
as
ap
p
s
p
r
o
m
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g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
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en
t,
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am
i
ly
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m
m
u
n
icatio
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,
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d
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lth
y
s
cr
ee
n
tim
e
h
a
b
its
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
o
p
p
o
r
tu
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ities
f
o
r
in
ter
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atio
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al
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ad
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r
ess
in
g
th
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ch
allen
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o
f
d
ig
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s
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ts
ca
n
wo
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to
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s
h
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tices,
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p
ar
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p
r
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am
s
,
an
d
ad
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ess
th
e
s
o
cieta
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im
p
licatio
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s
o
f
d
ig
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ch
n
o
l
o
g
ies in
d
iv
er
s
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
te
x
ts
[
5
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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8
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7
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I
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&
C
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,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
4
3
1
-
1
4
4
2
1438
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
i
ew
o
f
r
esear
ch
tr
e
n
d
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
an
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
ti
n
g
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
c
h
i
ld
r
en
’
s
d
ig
ital
s
o
o
th
in
g
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
g
r
o
wth
in
s
ch
o
lar
ly
atten
tio
n
to
th
is
d
o
m
ain
,
with
a
n
o
tab
le
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
t
o
2
0
2
4
.
T
h
is
u
p
war
d
tr
en
d
r
ef
lects
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ar
ea
o
f
in
q
u
ir
y
i
n
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
in
ter
d
is
cip
l
in
ar
y
ap
p
ea
l
ac
r
o
s
s
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
m
ed
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s
tu
d
ies,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
o
f
lead
in
g
jo
u
r
n
als,
p
r
o
lific
a
u
th
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
o
n
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
tin
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
s
lik
e
Su
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
Switzer
lan
d
an
d
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Scien
ce
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
co
n
tex
ts
in
wh
ich
th
is
to
p
ic
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
t
im
e,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
k
ey
au
th
o
r
s
an
d
g
lo
b
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
esear
c
h
in
t
h
is
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
ies,
with
lead
in
g
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
,
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
an
d
Au
s
tr
alia,
p
o
in
ts
to
th
e
g
lo
b
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital p
ar
en
tin
g
p
r
ac
tices.
Ho
wev
er
,
em
er
g
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
I
n
d
o
n
esia
an
d
C
h
in
a
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
ese
is
s
u
es wo
r
ld
wid
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
s
t
u
d
ies
m
ay
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
cieties
m
o
d
if
y
d
ig
it
al
p
ar
en
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
ch
a
n
g
es
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
cu
l
tu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
d
ig
ital
ca
lm
in
g
o
n
k
id
s
’
em
o
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
,
tak
in
g
s
o
cio
c
u
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
ag
e,
an
d
g
en
d
er
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
Qu
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
is
al
s
o
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
o
cu
m
en
t
p
a
r
en
ts
’
co
p
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
liv
ed
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
d
ig
ital m
ed
ia
u
s
e.
I
n
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
,
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
af
f
ir
m
s
th
e
cr
itic
al
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
d
ig
ital
p
ar
en
tin
g
p
r
ac
tices
in
an
in
c
r
e
asin
g
ly
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
d
r
iv
e
n
wo
r
ld
.
A
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
-
b
ased
s
t
r
ateg
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to
g
u
i
d
e
f
am
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,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
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to
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d
f
o
s
ter
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ea
lth
ier
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o
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co
n
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tr
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ctiv
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ital e
n
v
ir
o
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ts
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c
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ild
r
e
n
.
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NO
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NT
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e
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ld
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1439
CO
NF
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DATA AV
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AB
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Data
a
v
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lit
y
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p
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Z.
M
.
Za
i
n
,
F
.
N
.
N
.
Jasma
n
i
,
N
.
H
.
H
a
r
i
s,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
N
u
r
u
d
i
n
,
“
G
a
d
g
e
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
c
h
i
l
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
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n
g
s,
v
o
l
.
8
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
6
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
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:
1
0
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3
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9
0
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p
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e
d
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s
2
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0
8
2
0
0
6
.
[
2
]
C
.
C
h
e
n
,
S
.
C
h
e
n
,
P
.
W
e
n
,
a
n
d
C
.
E.
S
n
o
w
,
“
A
r
e
s
c
r
e
e
n
d
e
v
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c
e
s
s
o
o
t
h
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g
c
h
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l
d
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o
r
so
o
t
h
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g
p
a
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e
n
t
s?
I
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
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s
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i
p
s
a
m
o
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g
c
h
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l
d
r
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n
’
s
e
x
p
o
su
r
e
t
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
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o
f
s
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m
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d
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a
,
p
a
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t
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f
f
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c
a
c
y
a
n
d
h
o
me
l
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t
e
r
a
c
y
p
r
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t
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c
e
s
,
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o
m
p
u
t
e
rs
i
n
H
u
m
a
n
B
e
h
a
v
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.
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j
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c
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b
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2
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1
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.
[
3
]
V
.
B
r
a
u
c
h
l
i
,
F
.
S
t
i
c
c
a
,
P
.
Ed
e
l
s
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n
e
r
,
A
.
v
o
n
W
y
l
,
a
n
d
P
.
La
n
n
e
n
,
“
A
r
e
scree
n
me
d
i
a
t
h
e
n
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w
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a
c
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f
i
e
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s?
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h
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o
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p
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[
4
]
Y
.
N
.
C
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o
y
,
E
.
Y
.
H
.
L
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,
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u
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-
w.
[
5
]
T.
X
.
T
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n
,
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.
J
i
n
g
,
a
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W
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4
.
[
6
]
V
.
S
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A
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y
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,
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.
S
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R
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p
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,
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o
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[
7
]
N
.
N
.
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b
d
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[
8
]
Y
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S
y
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,
A
.
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.
A
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[
9
]
Y
.
B
.
Le
v
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.
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l
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a
s,
“
D
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[
1
1
]
E.
G
i
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E
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,
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,
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[
1
2
]
R
.
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,
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.
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b
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me
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[
1
3
]
S
.
S
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,
H
.
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F
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me,
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2
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9
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0
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[
1
4
]
S
.
K
.
M
u
p
p
a
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l
a
,
S
.
V
u
p
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A
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l
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[
1
5
]
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.
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.
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.
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2.
[
1
6
]
S
.
D
e
v
i
,
R
.
T
h
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k
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a
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f
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.
R
.
M
.
N
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d
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,
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me
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s
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mp
o
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me
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t
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M
a
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