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Appl
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15
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3
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Sep
tem
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20
26
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1
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p
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f
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r ex
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energy
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Ex
p
e
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n
tal
v
a
li
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a
ti
o
n
is
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
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re
n
e
wa
b
le
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e
rg
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m
u
lato
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a
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sy
ste
m
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li
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ra
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y
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a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
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a
l
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
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we
v
e
r,
th
e
h
i
g
h
c
o
st
o
f
AC/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
m
e
a
su
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e
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t
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ircu
it
s,
a
n
d
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icro
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to
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x
p
e
rime
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tal
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d
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n
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p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
re
g
i
o
n
s.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
c
o
st
-
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
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rd
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e
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n
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ftwa
re
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ti
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v
a
li
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ti
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y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
st
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g
e
m
a
n
a
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m
e
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t.
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h
e
p
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o
se
d
a
p
p
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h
is
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a
se
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d
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e
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ircu
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n
d
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so
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r
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s.
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m
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o
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y
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n
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lu
d
e
s
th
e
d
e
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n
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a
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e
x
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e
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n
tal
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o
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e
se
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l
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s
u
n
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d
iffere
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ra
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n
d
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ti
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n
s.
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e
o
b
tain
e
d
re
su
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ts
d
e
m
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n
stra
te
sa
ti
sfa
c
to
ry
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
a
c
c
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ra
c
y
,
sta
b
le
b
e
h
a
v
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o
r,
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
p
tab
le
e
rro
r
m
a
rg
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s,
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o
n
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ir
m
in
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h
e
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a
sib
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u
p
f
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x
p
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d
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tal
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tri
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t
o
f
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h
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ies
.
K
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w
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d
s
:
AC
-
DC
co
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v
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ter
Data
m
o
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ito
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g
E
x
p
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en
tal
v
alid
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n
Har
d
war
e
in
th
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(
HI
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Vo
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m
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s
u
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en
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T
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is i
s
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ss
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rticle
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d
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r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yass
in
e
E
l A
s
r
i
I
SA L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
Natio
n
al
Sch
o
o
l o
f
A
p
p
lied
Scien
ce
s
(
E
NSA)
,
I
b
n
T
o
f
ail
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
Kén
itra
,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail:
elasr
iy
ass
in
e
@
y
ah
o
o
.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
is
a
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
o
f
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
,
as
it
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
o
r
etica
l
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
tr
an
s
f
e
r
r
ed
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
an
d
elec
tr
o
tech
n
ics,
th
is
s
tep
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
s
n
o
ted
b
y
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
v
alid
atio
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
s
b
u
t
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
in
an
cial
an
d
lo
g
is
tical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
ten
p
r
ev
en
t
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
r
e
g
io
n
s
,
f
r
o
m
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t th
is
ess
e
n
tial v
alid
atio
n
s
tag
e
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Sev
er
al
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
to
o
ls
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
em
u
lato
r
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
is
o
lated
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
b
o
ar
d
s
,
s
ig
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
cir
cu
its
,
AC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
atib
le
co
n
tr
o
l
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
r
e
m
ain
co
s
tly
an
d
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
ac
ce
s
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
to
o
ls
with
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
MA
T
L
AB
/
Simu
lin
k
o
r
L
ab
VI
E
W
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
m
p
l
ex
ity
an
d
t
o
tal
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
s
r
em
ai
n
lim
ited
to
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
eir
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
an
d
m
ak
es it d
if
f
i
cu
lt to
ev
alu
ate
th
eir
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
r
ea
l o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
2
8
7
-
1
2
9
8
1288
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
war
e
h
av
e
en
co
u
r
a
g
ed
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
So
lu
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
,
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi,
l
o
w
-
co
s
t
d
ata
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
-
d
esig
n
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
o
ar
d
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
lex
i
b
le
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
alter
n
ativ
es
t
o
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
co
m
m
er
cial
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
1
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
co
l
lab
o
r
ativ
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
ar
in
g
with
in
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
ca
n
h
elp
o
p
tim
ize
av
ailab
le
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
f
in
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
in
te
g
r
ated
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
em
u
lato
r
s
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Un
lik
e
m
a
n
y
e
x
is
tin
g
wo
r
k
s
th
a
t
f
o
cu
s
m
ain
ly
o
n
s
im
u
latio
n
o
r
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e
co
m
m
er
cial
v
alid
atio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
7
]
,
th
is
p
ap
e
r
co
m
b
in
es
lo
w
-
co
s
t
p
o
wer
c
o
n
v
er
ter
b
o
ar
d
s
,
is
o
lated
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
cir
cu
its
,
s
ig
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
s
tag
es,
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
to
o
ls
with
in
a
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
aim
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
im
u
la
tio
n
,
an
d
r
ea
l
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
with
lim
ited
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
esen
ts
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
i
n
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
an
d
elec
tr
o
tech
n
ics
r
esear
ch
.
I
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
o
ls
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
li
m
ited
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
il
ity
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
tar
g
et
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
em
u
lato
r
s
,
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
m
o
r
e
cr
e
d
ib
le
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
d
er
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
i
s
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
ws:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
p
latf
o
r
m
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
te
r
b
o
x
,
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
b
o
ar
d
s
,
an
d
is
o
lated
MO
SF
E
T
/I
GB
T
g
ate
-
d
r
iv
er
m
o
d
u
le.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
r
esu
lts
.
Fin
ally
,
Sectio
n
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
m
ain
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
ch
ap
ter
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
em
u
latio
n
,
s
tar
tin
g
with
a
v
ar
i
ab
le
DC
-
DC
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
as
th
e
m
ain
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
A
m
o
d
u
lar
d
id
ac
tic
b
o
x
was
cr
ea
ted
to
tes
t
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
(
b
u
c
k
an
d
b
o
o
s
t)
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t
b
o
a
r
d
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
is
o
late
a
n
alo
g
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
DSP,
d
SP
AC
E
,
MCU)
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
A
g
ate
d
r
iv
e
r
b
o
ar
d
with
g
alv
a
n
ic
is
o
latio
n
was
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
MO
SF
E
T
s
an
d
I
GB
T
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
latf
o
r
m
is
r
o
b
u
s
t,
f
lex
i
b
le,
an
d
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
in
g
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
u
s
e
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
1
.
P
o
wer
co
nv
er
t
er
bo
x
I
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
r
esear
ch
,
a
v
er
s
atile
co
n
v
er
ter
b
o
x
with
MO
SF
E
T
s
o
r
I
GB
T
s
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
d
u
lar
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
test
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
id
a
ctic
co
n
v
er
te
r
b
o
x
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
f
lex
ib
le
a
cc
ess
to
th
e
p
o
wer
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
witch
es
an
d
th
eir
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
allo
win
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
to
b
e
as
s
em
b
led
an
d
test
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
I
n
o
u
r
lab
,
we
u
s
ed
2
0
N6
0
N
-
c
h
an
n
el
MO
SF
E
T
s
,
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
t
h
eir
h
i
g
h
s
witch
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
6
0
0
V
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e,
2
0
A
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ca
p
ac
ity
,
an
d
l
o
w
R
DS(
o
n
)
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t,
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
l
o
s
s
es
id
ea
l
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
an
d
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Did
ac
tic
b
o
x
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
s
t
-
effec
tive
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
ex
p
erimen
ta
l v
a
lid
a
tio
n
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
E
l A
s
r
i
)
1289
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
ix
2
0
N6
0
M
OSFET
s
,
th
i
s
v
er
s
atile
co
n
v
er
ter
b
o
x
en
a
b
les
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
p
o
we
r
elec
tr
o
n
ics
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
(
b
u
c
k
,
b
o
o
s
t,
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t)
,
DC
-
AC
in
v
er
ter
s
(
s
in
g
le
an
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase)
,
AC
-
DC
r
ec
tifie
r
s
f
o
r
PF
C
,
m
u
ltil
ev
el
NPC
in
v
er
ter
s
,
an
d
m
atr
ix
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
AC
-
AC
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
.
I
ts
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
lar
d
esig
n
m
a
k
es
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ic
an
d
r
esear
ch
u
s
e,
allo
win
g
f
lex
ib
le
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tatio
n
with
m
in
im
al
co
s
t
esti
m
ated
ar
o
u
n
d
$
2
0
u
s
in
g
th
e
lo
west
-
p
r
iced
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
2
.
2
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
bo
a
rds
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
nd
curr
ent
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
two
r
esis
to
r
s
:
2
=
8
an
d
1
=
260
.
W
h
en
a
n
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
VE
is
ap
p
lied
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
m
aller
r
esis
to
r
R1
,
d
en
o
ted
as
1
,
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
)
.
1
=
×
1
1
+
2
=
×
260
260
+
8
≈
×
0
.
0313
(
1
)
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
atten
u
ated
v
o
ltag
e
is
th
en
b
u
f
f
er
e
d
u
s
in
g
an
o
p
er
atio
n
al
am
p
lifie
r
(
T
L
0
8
4
,
U2
A)
in
a
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
llo
wer
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
wh
ich
en
s
u
r
es
h
ig
h
in
p
u
t
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
lo
a
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
f
o
r
s
tab
le
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
an
d
u
n
ity
g
ai
n
to
p
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
am
p
litu
d
e
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
ed
s
ig
n
al
1
is
th
en
a
m
p
lifie
d
b
y
a
s
ec
o
n
d
o
p
-
am
p
s
tag
e
(
U2
B
)
,
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
as
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
er
tin
g
am
p
lifie
r
.
T
h
e
g
ain
o
f
th
is
s
t
ag
e
is
ad
ju
s
tab
le
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
ltit
u
r
n
p
o
ten
tio
m
eter
1
=
100
,
in
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
with
a
f
ix
ed
r
esis
to
r
R4
=
10
kΩ
.
T
h
e
am
p
lific
atio
n
g
ain
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
er
tin
g
am
p
lifie
r
as (
2
)
.
=
1
+
1
4
=
1
+
100
10
=
11
(
2
)
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
2
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
in
(
3
)
.
2
=
⋅
1
(
3
)
T
o
ad
ap
t
th
e
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
an
ad
ju
s
tab
le
DC
o
f
f
s
et
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
a
th
ir
d
o
p
-
a
m
p
s
tag
e
(
U2
C
)
.
A
p
o
ten
tio
m
eter
R
V2
=
1
0
k
Ω
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
b
etwe
en
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
u
p
p
ly
r
ails
+
1
an
d
−
1
,
with
a
wip
er
f
ee
d
in
g
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
e
r
tin
g
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
U2
C
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
+
1
=
+
15
an
d
−
1
=
−
15
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
f
s
et
Vo
f
f
s
et
in
jecte
d
ca
n
v
ar
y
b
etwe
en
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
.
=
−
15
(
2
)
(
4
)
=
+
15
(
2
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
o
f
f
s
et
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
m
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h
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ated
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o
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t
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n
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ased
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I
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r
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ial
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3
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ased
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en
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licatio
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er
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en
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t r
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e,
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er
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3
.
Me
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ased
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u
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4
.
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ased
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r
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.
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
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2
I
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t J Ap
p
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l.
15
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3
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tem
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er
20
26
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ler
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ased
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tial f
o
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u
r
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le
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e
f
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icien
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h
e
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atic
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o
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ased
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ate
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r
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u
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o
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t
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x
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d
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h
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ig
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ic
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o
f
ap
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s
.
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h
e
esti
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ated
co
s
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f
th
is
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r
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ate
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d
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u
r
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.
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atic
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T
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T
g
ate
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3.
RE
SU
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D
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e
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r
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d
esig
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r
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atin
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.
Fig
u
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illu
s
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ates
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e
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e
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et/I
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T
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ate
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h
is
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it
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t
o
p
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ig
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ler
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d
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ig
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al
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ity
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d
d
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e
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tr
en
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.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
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e
ex
p
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im
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n
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etu
p
u
s
ed
t
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v
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h
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m
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r
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e
n
t
b
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d
.
T
h
e
test
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ch
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clu
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es
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ig
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ato
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,
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d
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o
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ac
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er
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a
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p
u
t
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.
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h
e
r
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n
f
i
r
m
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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ar
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war
e
m
ee
ts
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e
ex
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er
f
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r
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ter
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s
o
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atch
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al
v
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ic
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d
n
o
is
e
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ilter
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g
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
lo
w
-
co
s
t s
o
lu
tio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
in
th
e
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
s
t
-
effec
tive
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
ex
p
erimen
ta
l v
a
lid
a
tio
n
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
E
l A
s
r
i
)
1293
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
M
OSFET
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GB
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g
ate
d
r
iv
er
b
o
ar
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
est o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t b
o
ar
d
3
.
1
.
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
div
ider
ba
s
ed
bo
a
rd
re
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ults
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
r
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lts
o
b
t
ain
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s
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g
th
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v
o
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d
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1
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h
is
tab
le
s
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ws
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ip
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etwe
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in
p
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t
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n
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r
r
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o
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m
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en
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s
f
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ig
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als,
r
esp
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u
s
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e
d
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.
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n
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o
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s
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e
m
ea
s
u
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s
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with
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ly
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0
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ir
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Me
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ar
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ally
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o
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ity
.
3
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2
.
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V2
5
P
ba
s
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bo
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rd
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ults
T
h
e
f
o
llo
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g
m
ea
s
u
r
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en
t
tab
les
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r
r
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d
t
o
a
v
o
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en
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ased
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e
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Hall
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.
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h
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I
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ig
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s
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latio
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o
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ly
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o
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d
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o
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ato
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ies
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atin
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ir
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en
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elo
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im
m
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o
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ev
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to
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-
tim
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atio
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in
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l
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im
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g
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ter
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eliab
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en
t,
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ic
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r
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p
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f
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ltaic,
b
atter
y
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s
u
p
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p
ac
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d
h
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.
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f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
c
h
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ir
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v
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ate
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in
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r
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o
f
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tific
ial
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tellig
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h
n
iq
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ad
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tr
o
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o
m
aly
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e
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f
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lt
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iag
n
o
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is
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ar
a
m
eter
esti
m
atio
n
,
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d
p
r
ed
ict
iv
e
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
p
latf
o
r
m
will
b
e
c
o
u
p
le
d
with
p
h
y
s
ics
-
b
ased
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d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
m
o
d
els
to
estab
lis
h
d
ig
ital
twin
s
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
em
u
lato
r
s
,
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
an
d
its
v
ir
tu
al
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
t
co
u
l
d
en
ab
le
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
o
n
lin
e
m
o
d
el
u
p
d
atin
g
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
ed
ict
io
n
,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
Su
ch
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
wo
u
ld
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
w
-
c
o
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t
v
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f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
to
a
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ca
lab
le
cy
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er
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h
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ical
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F
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
2
8
7
-
1
2
9
8
1296
CO
NF
L
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F
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R
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A
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Au
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t
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est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
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L
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T
Y
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h
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d
ata
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u
p
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1
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