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29,922 Article Results

Exploring ensemble learning for classifying geometric patterns: insights from quaternion cartesian fractional Hahn moments

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4630-4641
Zouhair Ouazene , Aziz Khamjane
The classification of geometric patterns, particularly in Islamic art, presents a compelling challenge for the field of computer vision due to its intricate symmetry and scale invariance. This study proposes an ensemble learning framework to classify geometric patterns, leveraging the novel quaternion cartesian fractional Hahn moments (QCFrHMs) as a robust feature extraction method. QCFrHMs integrate the fractional Hahn polynomial and quaternion algebra to provide compact, invariant descriptors for geometric patterns. Combined with Zernike Moments, this dual-feature approach ensures resilience against rotation, scaling, and noise variations. The extracted features were evaluated using support vector machines (SVM), random forest, and a soft-voting ensemble classifier. Experiments were conducted on a dataset comprising 1,204 geometric images categorized into two symmetry groups (p4m and p6m). Results demonstrated that the ensemble classifier outperformed standalone models, achieving a classification accuracy of 82.15%. The integration of QCFrHMs significantly enhanced the system's robustness compared to traditional Zernike-only approaches, which aligns with findings in prior studies. This research contributes to the fields of image processing and pattern recognition by introducing an efficient feature extraction technique combined with ensemble learning for precise and scalable geometric pattern classification. The implications extend to art preservation, architectural analysis, and automated indexing of cultural heritage imagery.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4630-4641
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Exploring non-education faculty’s lived teaching experiences in a Philippine higher education institution

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33744
Julanie M. Limen , Ramil B. Arante
This qualitative, phenomenological study investigates the impact of lacking formal pedagogical training on non-education faculty in the context of Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus (CSUCC). The research explores their lived experiences to understand the specific challenges and coping mechanisms they employ in their teaching roles. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a purposive sample of ten non-education faculty members representing various disciplines at CSUCC. The sample size of 10 participants was determined by the principle of data saturation, ensuring the collection of rich and recurring data to identify significant themes. Several key themes emerged through thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews and focus group discussions. These included self-perceived teaching efficacy, difficulties encountered in test construction and syllabus design, challenges related to student engagement, and the utilization of available resources and support systems. The findings of this study provide valuable practical implications for higher education institutions (HEIs). They suggest the necessity of implementing targeted training programs, offering relevant professional development opportunities, and establishing dedicated resources to support non-education faculty better. Ultimately, these interventions aim to enhance teaching quality, improve faculty satisfaction, and foster a more supportive teaching and learning environment.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3935-3945
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Remote sensing applied to cocoa crop identification, a thematic review

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4848-4855
Luisa Fernanda Cuellar-Escobar , Vladimir Henao-Céspedes
This article presents a thematic review of 25 publications related to the use of remote sensing techniques for the identification of cocoa crops from 2000 to 2023. Although the use of remote sensing techniques is widely used for mapping different covers because it is very useful in discriminating them, the generation of maps of cocoa crops presents challenges due to their spectral behavior similar to that of forests. This is because cocoa cultivation, being an agroforestry system that is developed in association with timber trees, causes the classification algorithms used to fail to differentiate between forest cover and cocoa crops. For this reason, this study seeks to investigate the different remote sensing techniques used in the mapping of cocoa crops, as well as an analysis of the structure of the publications highlighting the connections between countries and the factors that motivated the authors to research this crop.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4848-4855
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Determinants of undergraduate recycling behavior: an extended model of the theory of planned behavior

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32391
Tan Owee Kowang , Lim Kim Yew , Ong Choon Hee , Goh Chin Fei
Promoting positive recycling behavior should be part of the higher educational objectives. The main purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of recycling behavior among undergraduates, to assess the differences in undergraduates’ recycling behavior based on their demographic, and to explore the relationship between the determinants and behavior of recycling. The research extended the theory of planned behaviors (TPB) by adding environmental awareness as a determinant of recycling behavior in addition to attitude toward recycling, subjective norm of recycling, and perceived behavioral control over recycling. The research population comprises management programs undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. A total of 259 responses were collected via structured questionnaire. Descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis results suggested that respondents strongly agreed that undergraduates’ attitudes and environmental awareness are the most important determinants of recycling behavior, and both determinants are strongly correlated with recycle behavior. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis result also reveals that there is significant difference on recycle behaviors among undergraduates based on year of study, with year 4 undergraduates exhibiting the highest recycling behavior. This finding suggests that the green campus initiatives taken by the university are effective. Additionally, extending the TPB model by adding awareness implies a theoretical contribution of this research.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3727-3734
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Acceptance of mobile English learning among college students in Henan

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32876
Qiong Xiao , Soo Ruey Shing , Yu Lv
The portability of smartphones offers tremendous potential for language learning. However, the willingness to accept and the practical adoption of mobile learning in English study among college students from Henan, China requires deeper exploration, due to the lower digital competency and limited usage of digital tools of English teachers in Henan, China. Targeted at the college students from Henan, this research intends to investigate factors influencing their intention to adopt mobile apps in learning English by conducting a quantitative study within the framework of modified technology acceptance model (TAM) model. Purposive sampling method was used and online questionnaire was administered among 511 college students with mobile English learning experiences from one comprehensive university in Henan and data were analyzed via SPSS and structural equation modelling (SEM). The key findings include: i) social influences (SI), perceived usefulness (UF), and perceived enjoyment (PEEN) significantly impact students’ intention to adopt mobile English learning; ii) SI affect students’ intention via the mediator of UF; and iii) perceived ease of use (EOU) does not significantly impact students’ intention. This research highlights the role of teachers’ influences in students’ adoption of mobile English learning and emphasizes the need for further improvement in mobile apps design to facilitate the learning experiences.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3546-3556
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Tomographic image reconstruction enhancement through median filtering and K-means clustering

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4395-4408
Nguyen Quang Huy , Nguyen Truong Thang
Ultrasound tomography is a powerful and widely utilized imaging technique in the field of medical diagnostics. Its non-invasive nature and high sensitivity in detecting small objects make it an invaluable tool for healthcare professionals. However, a significant challenge associated with ultrasound tomography is that the reconstructed images often contain noise. This noise can severely compromise the accuracy and interpretability of the diagnostic information derived from these images. In this paper, we propose and rigorously evaluate the application of a median filter to address and mitigate noise artifacts in the reconstructed images obtained through the distorted born iterative method (DBIM). The primary aim is to enhance the quality of these images and thereby improve diagnostic reliability. The effectiveness of our proposed noise reduction approach is quantitatively assessed using the normalized error evaluation metric, which provides a precise measure of improvement in image quality. Furthermore, to enhance the interpretability and utility of the reconstructed images, we incorporate a basic machine learning technique known as K-means clustering. This method is employed to automatically segment the reconstructed images into distinct regions that represent objects, background, and noise. Hence, it facilitates a clearer delineation of different components within the images. Our results demonstrate that K-means clustering, when applied to images processed with the proposed median filter method, effectively delineates these regions with a significant reduction of noise. This combination not only enhances image clarity but also ensures that critical diagnostic details are preserved and more easily interpreted by medical professionals. The substantial reduction in noise achieved through our approach underscores its potential for improving the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound tomography in medical diagnostics.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4395-4408
Publish at: 2025-10-01

New approximations for the numerical radius of an n×n operator matrix

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4732-4739
Amer Hasan Darweesh , Adel Almalki , Kamel Al-Khaled
Many mathematicians have been interested in establishing more stringent bounds on the numerical radius of operators on a Hilbert space. Studying the numerical radii of operator matrices has provided valuable insights using operator matrices. In this paper, we present new, sharper bounds for the numerical radius 1/4 ‖|A|^2+|A^* |^2 ‖≤w^2 (A)≤1/2 ‖|A|^2+|A^* |^2 ‖, that found by Kittaneh. Specifically, we develop a new bound for the numerical radius w(T) of block operators. Moreover, we show that these bounds not only improve upon but also generalize some of the current lower and upper bounds. The concept of finding and understanding these bounds in matrices and linear operators is revisited throughout this research. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of these bounds in mathematics and their potential applications in various mathematical fields.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4732-4739
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Route towards certification: a path analysis on licensure performance of new teacher education curriculum graduates

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33552
Tedric Dave E. Senosa , Jr., Roberto G. Sagge
The board licensure examination for professional teachers (BLEPT) is a critical assessment for aspiring educators in the Philippines. Despite its vital importance, limited research has explored the comprehensive influence of the education graduates’ demographic background, psychological state, and achievement in the institutional parameters on the BLEPT performance. This study examined these influences on the licensure performance among 101 bachelor of secondary education (BSEd) mathematics and science graduates under the new teacher education curriculum. The researchers collected data using validated researcher-made questionnaires and educational metrics. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), results showed that the path model highlights the multifaceted nature of BLEPT performance, which shows that an intrinsic commitment towards the teaching profession and a supportive network create a cycle of positive experiences that fuels the graduates’ academic performance and self-efficacy, leading to a notable licensure performance. Likewise, the model emphasizes the vital effect of graduates’ education-related employment on their licensure examination performance. Taking these factors into account, teacher education institutions (TEIs) and key educational stakeholder should create targeted interventions, investigate unforeseen factors, and restructure curricula implementation to address the shortage of competent Filipino educators in these critical educational disciplines which are mathematics and science education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3379-3389
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Maintenance management of physical infrastructure in educational institutions: a systematic review

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33130
Julisa del Rosario Quispe Vilca , Dennys Geovanni Calderón Paniagua , Grisely Rosalie Quispe Vilca , Isabel Evelyna Choque Siguairo , Alexander Nicolás Vilcanqui Alarcón
The physical infrastructure of education in Latin America (LATAM) requires actions to ensure its conservation and maintenance in the different systems and levels. This is due to the absence of a maintenance programmed proposed by the State and the lack of trained personnel to implement it. The objective of this study was to analyze the importance of maintenance management of physical infrastructure in educational institutions. A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The search process was carried out in the Scopus, ERIC, and Web of Science (WoS) databases, and eligibility criteria were established. The review covered the time interval between 2015 and 2023, and 16 English-language papers were selected. The results indicate that the lack of adequate and sustained investment, together with the lack of scheduled maintenance of educational infrastructure and the absence of structured maintenance plans, have a negative impact on student achievement. It is necessary for national and local governments to develop public policies focused on the conservation and improvement of educational infrastructure, incorporating modern management tools to facilitate this process.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3490-3501
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Overcoming challenges in managing public schools of novice principals

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33538
Jayson Ryan T. De Leon , Rich Paulo S. Lim , Justin Vianey M. Embalsado , Jed V. Madlambayan , Chillet G. Credo , Ricardo C. Salunga
A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized in this study to explore the challenges experienced by novice school principals and how they overcome these challenges in managing their schools in the Division of Mabalacat City during school year 2023-2024. Guided by in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews, data was gathered from nine public elementary school principals. With the transcribed data, coding was employed using thematic analysis. Results showed that novice principals’ challenges are categorized into two: i) interpersonal challenges, including keeping the school safe and conducive and engaging with stakeholders, and ii) intrapersonal challenges, which include transitioning to higher roles and responsibilities and catching up with the new knowledge and skills needed to acquire. Moreover, novice principals experienced in overcoming these challenges were also examined. Findings revealed that growing interpersonal skills by establishing a good relationship with stakeholders and building rapport with teachers and growing intrapersonal skills by never stopping learning and having the right attitude would help them cope with their difficulties in managing the school. Finally, a proposed novice principals’ challenges model framework was developed and recommended for use in the Division of Mabalacat City to improve the knowledge, skills, and qualities of beginning and aspiring principals with their new roles in managing their schools.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3686-3701
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Leadership and management in early childhood: navigating contradictions and pedagogical practices to foster inclusivity

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33061
Manoharan Nalliah , Shorouk Aboudahr , Lim Wei Huan , Esayas Teshome Taddese
Early years’ education is an important foundation for a child’s life-long learning, and leaders and managers in early childhood work settings have an important role in creating a nurturing environment that supports and enables children to learn regardless of their needs. This study investigates the challenges and contradictions leaders and managers face in early childhood education (ECE) settings. It examines how pedagogical praxis can be leveraged to foster inclusivity focusing on the tension between the intrinsic value of play and the pressure of child performativity meeting performance benchmarks. This qualitative study offers a constructive discussion on leadership practices in ECE and inclusion in Malaysia. The thematic analysis of nine interviews analyzed by N-VIVO software and showed the important considerations for enhancing leadership and management approaches, creating more inclusive spaces, and supporting the holistic development of early childhood curricula. The result offers a rich description of how leading practices are increasingly influenced by dominant trends in educational policies and society, including neoliberal agendas and narrowly conceived accountability systems that focus on measurable outcomes. It underlines the centrality of supporting the ongoing professional development of educators.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3765-3773
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The educational accomplishments scale: development and validation in the context of education institutions

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34224
Anil DCosta , Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry , Kennedy Andrew Thomas
Educational institutions play a significant role in fostering academic growth and personal development. However, there is a lack of standardized tools to assess the impact of educational accomplishments (EA), particularly integrating dimensions such as quality, value-based, integrated, and culture-enhanced education. This paper aims to create and validate a measurement tool that assesses how EA impacts students and institutions to foster academic growth, personal development, and institutional effectiveness, contributing to the overall quality of education. The data was collected from 120 participants, including religious heads, directors, principals, and coordinators of ten schools run by a specific religious congregation. The study implemented a three-stage systematic procedure in the development of the scale. Stage one consisted of item generation, literature review, and expert judgment. The second stage validated the scale and was followed by an item analysis, principal component with varimax rotation (exploratory factor analysis) using Kaiser normalization on IBM SPSS 26. The third step resulted in the final reliability and validity of the scale. A final 19-item educational accomplishments scale (EAS) is psychometrically reliable and of potential use to policymakers globally, comparing student and teacher perceptions, especially with religious congregational affiliations. This scale can particularly be used by each institution to evaluate the EA and can also be used by other researchers for further research.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3882-3890
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Low complexity human fall detection using body location and posture geometry

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4620-4629
Pipat Sakarin , Suchada Sitjongsataporn
This paper presents the human fall detection using body location (HFBL) and posture geometry. The main contribution of the proposed HFBL system is to reduce the computational complexity of fall detection system while maintaining accuracy, as most fall detection techniques rely on computationally complex algorithms from machine learning or deep learning. This approach examines the human posture by applying the image segmentation and ratio by posture geometry. Then, the distance transform is used to calculate the high brightness points on the human body. These points are the maximum values compared with the edge values. Afterward, one of these points is selected as a center point. A line is formed by this center point aligned horizontally to separate the upper area and lower area, then an intersection line is drawn through this center point vertically that can separate the four quadrants of body location. With the help of posture geometry, the angles are employed for prediction “Fall” or “NotFall” actions at each frame of video sequence. Referring to the dynamic balance, the ratio between the distance vectors from the center point to the right and left legs is calculated to confirm fall and non-fall activities, utilizing the Pythagorean trigonometric identity. For experiments, 2,542 images from the UR fall detection dataset, with dimensions of 640×480×3 were prepared through image segmentation to find the human body shape for analysis using the proposed HFBL system. Results demonstrate that the low computational HFBL approach can provide 91.23% accuracy, the precision value is 99.14%, the recall value is 84.48%, and the F1-score value is 91.22%.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4620-4629
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Development of a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32468
Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani , Nurul ‘Ain Mohd Daud , Hapsah Md Yusof , Syaza Hazwani Zaini , Pau Kee , Mazuki Mohd Yasim , Wan Faizatul Azirah Ismayatim , Nur Shuhana Mohd Sansuddin
Cancer is a chronic disease that causes patients and their caregivers to face various challenges throughout treatment and care. This study aimed to develop a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia. This study employed the design and development research (DDR). The first phase involved needs analysis using a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews of nine caregivers of childhood cancer. The second phase involved two methods: nominal group technique (NGT) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The third phase involved evaluating the usability of the model through the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) with the agreement of seven experts. This study successfully developed a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia. This model has 12 components consisting of: i) financial; ii) career; iii) knowledge related to management and care of child cancer patients; iv) emotional management and care; v) spiritual; vi) cognitive and rationalization; vii) social relationships; viii) roles of counsellors in helping parents; ix) spouse and family relationships; x) physical; xi) communication; and xii) facilities. This model is proposed to be used by counsellors, especially who serve in health institutions to help parents who have children with cancer.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4222-4230
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Development of a fuzzy logic-based greenhouse system for optimizing bio-fertigation

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4555-4568
Achouak Touhami , Amina Bourouis , Amel Mahammedi , Sana Mechraoui , Sana Touhami
Modern agriculture faces growing challenges in meeting food and resource demands, particularly with increasing pressure on water and fertilizer usage. This study proposes a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to optimize bio-fertigation by managing key greenhouse parameters—temperature, humidity, soil pH, and soil moisture. Implemented in MATLAB, the system automates the control of actuators (fan, heater, irrigation, fertilization and fertigation pumps) based on sensor data and fuzzy rules. Results show a 27.58% reduction in water use, 58.82% decrease in fertilizer consumption, and a 47.5% increase in tomato yield. Additionally, statistical error metrics mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were reduced to zero, confirming the system’s high precision and effectiveness in promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4555-4568
Publish at: 2025-10-01
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