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29,922 Article Results

Does cognitive load moderate students’ learning engagement mechanism in blended learning?

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34333
Chen Zidi , Nur Atiqah Jalaludin , Mohamad Sattar Rasul
With the popularity of technology-supported blended learning (BL) in vocational colleges, students’ cognitive load (CL) caused by the increasing complexity of BL environments potentially impact the overall learning satisfaction (LS). In order to explore the effects of CL on students’ BL, this study investigates how different dimensions of learning engagement (LE) (emotional, cognitive, and behavioral) impact on students’ LS and whether CL can moderate these relationships. This quantitative study was conducted among 615 Chinese vocational students. Survey research was carried out by questionnaires that have been well-established that were taken and modified from previous studies. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among these variables. Findings revealed that emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement (BE) can positively predict LS. Additionally, BE mediates the relationship between psychological engagement (emotional and cognitive) and LS when CL is not at a low level. CL moderates the pathways from psychological engagement to BE and in turn changes the LE influence mechanism on LS. This study provides valuable insights for educators to stimulate students’ engagement by satisfying their psychological needs, and optimize teaching design to balance CL in order to maintain active LE and satisfaction levels.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3904-3916
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Classifying the suitability of educational videos for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder students with deep neural networks

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4889-4898
Alshefaa Emam , Eman Karam Elsyed , Mai Kamel Galab
This paper presents a comprehensive deep learning-based system to evaluate the educational videos' suitability for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current methods frequently ignore important instructional elements that are necessary for improving learning experiences for students with ADHD, such as instructor hand movements, video length, object variety, and audio-visual quality. We emphasize two key issues for how to address these difficulties, first, we present the ADHD online instructor (AOI) dataset, a particular benchmark for assessing instructional hand movement in video suitability to solve the absence of a reference dataset for classifying educational videos relevant to ADHD. Second, the system includes creating an enhanced multitask deep learning model that increases classification accuracy by using task-specific enhancements and optimized architectures. This solves the requirement for a strong model that can distinguish between suitable and unsuitable instructional content. Comprehensive tests using pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) models indicate that the enhanced VGG16 model outperforms baseline methods by achieving a highest accuracy of 97.84%. The results highlight the value of integrating deep learning methods with structured benchmark datasets, exposing up the path to more resilient and flexible instructional materials designed for students with ADHD.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4889-4898
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Teaching competencies and entrepreneurial performance among the Hashemite University faculty members

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33166
Hytham M. Bany Issa , Zohair H. Al-Zoubi , Omar T. Bataineh , Hassan Mohammad Bani-Issa , Awad Faek Altarawneh
The study examines the application of teaching competencies among faculty members at Hashemite University and investigates their relationship with perceived entrepreneurial performance within a quality assurance framework. Using a descriptive-relational survey design, a sample of 340 faculty members was selected through stratified sampling during the first semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire measuring teaching competencies across five domains—personal, academic, administrative, cultural, and professional—and entrepreneurial performance. The findings indicated that both teaching competencies and entrepreneurial performance were at a moderate level. A positive and statistically significant relationship was identified across all competency dimensions and entrepreneurial performance, suggesting that enhanced competencies can positively impact entrepreneurial outcomes. Based on these results, the study recommends integrating teaching competency evaluations into university quality assurance policies and suggests combining intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to foster faculty productivity. These recommendations offer valuable insights for enhancing academic standards and fostering entrepreneurial skills among faculty in higher education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3557-3564
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Analysis of partial discharge characteristics in transformer oil insulation media using needle-plane and plane-plane electrode systems

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4445-4453
Teuku Khairul Murad , Abdul Syakur , Iwan Setiawan
Insulation failure is a common issue in electric power transmission. Insulation is necessary to separate two or more live conductors to prevent electrical arcing or sparking between them. Partial discharge (PD) is a phenomenon that can also occur in high-voltage equipment under pre-breakdown conditions. This PD activity can take place in liquid insulation, such as transformer oil, leading to a decrease in the quality and reliability of the transformer. This study aims to detect PD under various conditions and investigate its characteristics. Although various studies have been conducted on PD in liquid insulation, most of them focus on PD characterization under specific conditions without considering variations in electrode configurations that may influence the PD phenomenon. Therefore, this research is necessary to fill this gap by analyzing PD characteristics using a needle-plane and plane-plane electrode system. This study introduces the use of castor oil as an alternative liquid insulating material. In this study, PD testing will be conducted in a laboratory environment, and it is expected to produce reliable data regarding the capability of liquid insulation to withstand PD. The results obtained indicate that the PD phenomenon occurs more quickly in the needle-plane electrode configuration compared to the plane-plane configuration. PD in the needle-plane electrode occurs at an average voltage of 10.96 kV, while PD in the plane-plane electrode occurs at an average voltage of 12.5 kV.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4445-4453
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Disruption of the biological clock: chronotypes and social jet lag in high school students

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34472
Gilber Chura-Quispe , Karla Antonella Gutierrez Flor , Julio Berne Valencia Valencia , Javier Alca Gómez , Enrique José Quispe Mello , Americo Alca Gómez
Adolescent students generally experience variations in sleep that can lead to discrepancies between the biological rhythms of their daily lives and social demands such as school schedules, affecting not only their physical and mental health but also their learning process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between chronotype types and the prevalence or absence of social jet lag among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational design, with a participation of 524 secondary school students and a non-probabilistic sample of 267, to whom two questionnaires were administered. The findings indicated the absence of a significant correlation between chronotypes and social jet lag (p=0.916, VCramer=0.026). Moreover, the predominant chronotype was intermediate (81.27%), and 83.15% were likely experiencing jet lag. Additionally, 60% of adolescents aged 15 to 16 years have an evening chronotype, and 35.59% of those suffering from jet lag are 16 years old. In conclusion, although the correlation between chronotypes and jet lag was not demonstrated, the issue of biological clock disorders is present among school students, particularly among those aged 16.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4109-4118
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Well-being and engagement: its implications for university policy on administrative employee’s wellness program

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34387
John Michael D. Aquino , Jayson L. de Vera
The well-being and engagement of administrative employees are critical to creating a productive and sustainable work environment. This study investigates causes of university administrative staff well-being and professional involvement. This study examines: i) employee engagement and well-being; ii) administrative employees’ biggest workplace challenges; and iii) how wellness programs promote personal and professional progress. This study used a concurrent triangulation mixed-method research approach. Gallup’s employee engagement survey found that 124 employees have overall favorable attitudes, with a composite mean score of 4.36 demonstrating moderate to high levels of engagement across key workplace indicators. The inconsistent recognition may have an impact on involvement, with the lowest mean of 3.80 and the biggest variability of 1.09. Meanwhile, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 administrative employees from a university in region 4A. The findings highlight factors influencing well-being, such as effective communication, work-life balance, positive office environments, and opportunities for promotion. Stress, heavy workloads, and insufficient recognition were seen to be significant challenges, whereas coping strategies including task prioritization, emotional regulation, and peer support were regarded as critical. The results show that well-being boosts commitment and productivity, whereas engagement improves mental health and job happiness. Universities must offer stress management, professional development, and recognition to improve results and staff engagement.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3515-3525
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Understanding emotion regulation strategies in female adolescents with depressive symptoms: a qualitative study

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.31924
Siti Rashidah Yusoff , Khairul Farhah Khairuddin , Suzana Mohd Hoesni , Nur Afrina Rosharudin , Tuti Iryani Mohd Daud , Noor Azimah Muhammad , Manisah Mohd Ali , Mohamad Omar Ihsan Razman , Dharatun Nissa Puad Mohd Kari , Mohd Pilus Abdullah
In Malaysia, adolescents are at a high risk for depression, with the prevalence rising from 18.3% in 2017 to 26.9% in 2022. Additionally, the proportion of female adolescents affected is significantly higher than male adolescents, with 36.1% of females experiencing depression compared to 17.7% of males. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the emotion regulation strategies used by female adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 15 female adolescents, aged 14 to 16 years, who had severe depression scores as assessed by the DASS-21. Using purposive sampling, all 15 female adolescents were selected from six public secondary schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The Klang Valley, which includes the two main states of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, was chosen due to its ranking among the top three states in 2022 with the highest rates of depression symptoms. All responses were recorded and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed that female adolescents employed five emotion regulation strategies: suppressing expression, pampering themselves, seeking support, reorganizing their thoughts, and engaging in negative actions. This study explores the emotional experiences of female adolescents to design feasible and flexible interventions that address a wide range of individual needs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3946-3959
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Overcoming challenges in managing public schools of novice principals

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33538
Jayson Ryan T. De Leon , Rich Paulo S. Lim , Justin Vianey M. Embalsado , Jed V. Madlambayan , Chillet G. Credo , Ricardo C. Salunga
A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized in this study to explore the challenges experienced by novice school principals and how they overcome these challenges in managing their schools in the Division of Mabalacat City during school year 2023-2024. Guided by in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews, data was gathered from nine public elementary school principals. With the transcribed data, coding was employed using thematic analysis. Results showed that novice principals’ challenges are categorized into two: i) interpersonal challenges, including keeping the school safe and conducive and engaging with stakeholders, and ii) intrapersonal challenges, which include transitioning to higher roles and responsibilities and catching up with the new knowledge and skills needed to acquire. Moreover, novice principals experienced in overcoming these challenges were also examined. Findings revealed that growing interpersonal skills by establishing a good relationship with stakeholders and building rapport with teachers and growing intrapersonal skills by never stopping learning and having the right attitude would help them cope with their difficulties in managing the school. Finally, a proposed novice principals’ challenges model framework was developed and recommended for use in the Division of Mabalacat City to improve the knowledge, skills, and qualities of beginning and aspiring principals with their new roles in managing their schools.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3686-3701
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Six-Sigma approach to improve industry engagement strategies in Malaysian apprenticeship program

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33288
Roziyati Abdullah , Zulkiflle Leman , B.T Hang Tuah Baharudin , Siti Azfanizam Ahmad
This empirical study develops an industry engagement model (IEM) by using the Six-Sigma define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) methodology to investigate the key strategies to enhance industry participation (IP) in the Malaysian apprenticeship program known as the National Dual Training System (NDTS). The relationship between five strategies, namely financial incentives (FI), digital administration (DA), productive collaboration (PC), flexible implementation (FT), and efficient promotion (EP) on IP, was examined. The 204 returned questionnaires were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that FT, EP, and DA strongly influence IP in the NDTS program. In contrast, improvement in FI and PC has little impact on industry involvement. The development of IEM by demonstrating the DMAIC concept is novel and new to the research. It offers enormous potential and value in improving policymakers’ decision-making in apprenticeship programs. It may also be extended to other areas of education in the future.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3565-3573
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The level of social skills among university students and its impact on their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33591
Esra’a Omar Abu-Alkeshek , Basma Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh , Haitham Mohammad Ali Zureigat
Positive social behavior is one of the most important characteristics of humans on this planet. Through these behaviors, the individual shows his sympathy for others and his desire to help them. Therefore, the current study aimed to know the level of social skills among university students and their impact on their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used in its implementation. The scale of positive social behavior, psychological solidity, and adaptive behavior was applied to a random sample of 370 male and female students from private universities in Jordan. The study concluded that the level of positive social behavior among students reached 3.49, which is within the average level, and that female students enjoy a high level of social skills compared to university students. The results also indicated a statistically significant effect of the level of social skills on both psychological solidity and adaptive behavior among university students. Positive social behavior also works to provide support between individuals in cases that require support or in difficult situations, which increases their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior. This confirms the effective role of social behaviors in improving both the level of psychological solidity and adaptive behavior among university students.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3782-3789
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Fuzzy clustering optimization based artificial bee colony algorithm for brain magnetic resonance imaging image segmentation

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4916-4932
Chakir Mokhtari , Mohammed Debakla , Boudjelal Meftah
In brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, image clustering is regarded as one of the most crucial tasks. It is frequently employed to estimate and visualize brain anatomical structures, identify pathological regions, and assist in guiding surgical procedures. Fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) is widely used in the MRI image segmentation process. However, it has been several weaknesses such as noise sensitivity, stuck in local optimum and issues with parameters initialization. To address these FCM problems, this paper presents a novel fuzzy optimization method that enhances brain MRI image segmentation by integrating the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with FCM clustering techniques. The proposed method seeks to optimize multiple FCM parameters simultaneously, including the objective function, number of clusters, and cluster center values. The method was evaluated on both simulated and clinical brain MR images, with an emphasis on segmenting white matter, grey matter, and cerebrospinal fluid regions. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in segmentation accuracy, achieving a Jaccard similarity (JS) of nearly 1, a partition coefficient index (PCI) of 0.92, and a Davies-Bouldin index (DBI) of 0.41, outperforming other stats of the arts methods.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4916-4932
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The role of student leadership in academic achievement: a pathway to framework development

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34569
John Michael D. Aquino , Christian P. San Luis
Leadership is widely recognized in fostering personal development and academic achievement of every student. This study explores the relationship between leadership involvement and academic performance, identifying influencing factors, best practices, and a framework for development. Using a mixed-method approach with concurrent triangulation, 179 randomly selected undergraduate student leaders completed a validated survey analyzed through Spearman’s rank-order correlation, while 12 purposively selected participants underwent semi-structured interviews analyzed thematically. Findings show a strong positive correlation (rs=0.744, p<0.001) between leadership involvement and academic achievement. Leadership fosters skill development, personal growth, motivation, and support systems. Best practices include capacity-building programs, inclusivity, recognition, supportive structures, and collaboration. A structured framework was developed to systematically enhance and sustain student leadership’s role in academic excellence. Institutional application highlights the need for universities to integrate leadership development into academic programs through structured mentorship, faculty engagement, governance mechanisms, and policy support. Higher education institutions (HEIs) can optimize student leadership initiatives by providing resources, recognizing achievements, and fostering an inclusive environment that supports holistic growth. The findings have significant implications for higher education policies and practices, emphasizing that well-structured leadership programs cultivate future-ready individuals capable of excelling academically and beyond.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3675-3685
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Development of factors contributing to barriers to paragraph writing for EFL learners

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33835
Patsawut Sukserm , Chuthaphon Masantiah , Darunee Tippayakulpairoj
Paragraph writing is an important aspect in the performance of English as a foreign language (EFL) learner, but most of them face significant barriers that hinder their writing performance. Though the importance of this skill is beyond doubt, there is an inadequate understanding of the factors leading to such challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the barriers to paragraph writing for EFL learners. The validated 27-item questionnaire was administered to 619 EFL Thai students. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) approach was employed to identify latent factors contributing to the barriers to paragraph writing. The results showed six key barriers to paragraph writing, explaining 60.224% of the total variance: structure and clarity challenges (SAC), focus and organizational barriers (FOB), writing process issues (WPI), timing and assessment worries (TAW), logical ideas challenges (LIC), and motivation and expression difficulties (MED). The findings suggest that there is a need to for greater emphasis on the learning environment, through proper planning and appropriate development of writing skills, to address the issues. Such factors are crucial for the improvement and success of EFL learners’ expectations in writing, which can go a long way towards building their confidence in paragraph writing.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4183-4194
Publish at: 2025-10-01

A comparative analysis of D-FACTS devices for power quality improvement in photovoltaic/wind/battery system

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4477-4486
Manpreet Singh , Lakhwinder Singh
The identification and reduction of power quality events have become essential because of the growing interest in incorporating renewable energy sources to power system. The primary aim of this paper is to compare the performances of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), unified power flow controller (UPFC) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality issues in grid-connected photovoltaic/wind/battery system by mitigating total harmonic distortion (THD). The results of the proposed research have been validated using MATLAB platform. The comparative analysis of DVR, UPFC, and UPQC in mitigating THD in a grid-connected PV/wind/battery system is presented in this paper. The comparative analysis of the results depicts that THD in voltage decreases from 51% to 44.67%, 20.94%, and 16% whereas THD in current decreases from 58% to 44%, 29.26%, and 22% after implementation of DVR, UPFC, and UPQC respectively in the proposed photovoltaic/wind/battery system. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been confirmed by comparing the results with already published techniques.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4477-4486
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Wind farm integration with the objective of transmission expansion power in South Africa

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i1.pp34-46
Nomihla Wandile Ndlela , Katleho Moloi , Musasa Kabeya
Growing renewable energy (RE) use mitigates climate change. The integration of large-scale intermittent renewable energy resources (RER) like wind energy into electrical networks has increased during the past decade. However, careful planning is needed to accommodate the long-term energy demand increase. Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is the methodical and profitable process of increasing power infrastructure to meet predicted electricity demand while preserving reliability. This article is for those interested in integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into HVTL to increase power availability and decrease losses. The Eros-VuyaniNeptune 400 kV transmission powerline connecting KwaZulu-Natal to the Eastern Cape is used in this study. It was implemented during the transfer of affected residents in the Ingquza Hill Local Municipality, which includes Lusikisiki and Flagstaff villages. This study connects the existing Metro wind farm to the Vuyani substation, which is connected to the Eros substation through a 400 kV transmission line. This research enhanced transmission line power while preserving grid stability with a 27 MW wind farm, and also increased external grid reserve capacity for future usage or unexpected power demand. This paper outlines TNEP’s significant advances using classic (mathematical) and advanced (heuristic and meta-heuristic) optimization approaches.
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Page: 34-46
Publish at: 2025-10-01
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