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29,922 Article Results

Enhanced multi-mode control of Z-source virtual synchronous generator for photovoltaic systems using fuzzy logic controller

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp701-711
Vempalle Rafi , Pradyumna Kumar Dhal , Shaik Hussain Vali , Sadhu Radha Krishna , Uppuluri Suryavalli , S. Vinoth John Prakash
An enhanced multi-mode control solution for a Z-source virtual synchronous generator (ZVSG) that makes use of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed by this study for use in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a potential grid integration option for PV systems, the ZVSG has great potential due to its steady and adjustable power production. A stable voltage and frequency output can be maintained by the ZVSG when it is running in a variety of modes, such as grid-connected, standalone, and islanding, according to the control approach that has been provided. The FLC is used for the purpose of controlling the switching frequency of the ZVSG as well as the DC-link voltage. The performance of the ZVSG is improved by the FLC-based control approach that has been proposed. This technique reduces the steady state error and offers a rapid dynamic response. The results of the simulation show that the recommendation for a control approach improves the performance of the ZVSG across a wide variety of operating modes and load conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 701-711
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Battery cycle life and throughput optimization in wireless communication system with energy harvesting capability

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp600-612
Omar Enassiri , Youssef Rochdi , Ouadoudi Zytoune
This research paper proposes a novel approach to address the energy challenges faced by internet of things (IoT) devices. The wireless communication system involves a transmitter equipped with energy harvesting module that charges both a rechargeable battery and a capacitor through an energy storage management system (ESMS). This ESMS is based on a reinforcement learning algorithm to dynamically switch between the battery and the capacitor, ensuring efficient power utilization. This reinforcement learning algorithm enables the device to learn and adapt its energy consumption patterns based on environmental conditions and usage, optimizing energy usage over time. Additionally, the system employs a rainflow counting method to estimate the state-of-health (SoH) of the battery, ensuring its longevity and overall system performance. By combining these approaches, the proposed system aims to significantly improve the energy efficiency and lifespan of IoT devices, as well as the amount of data sent for different temperature ranges, ultimately enhancing their cost-effectiveness and performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 600-612
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Comprehensive secure code review analysis of web application security vulnerabilities

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1807-1814
Azlinda Abdul Aziz , Nur Razia Mohd Suradi , Rahayu Handan , Mohd Noor Rizal Arbain
A secure code review is a process of software development involves systematic examination of application code. However, web applications evolving of cyber threats makes it challenging to conduct adequate security. Therefore, this paper conducts a comprehensive secure code review analysis to protect any crucial aspect of web security from potential threats and vulnerabilities. The application code is scanned for security issues during the real review and the results are classified according to the areas of vulnerability. As a result, the application code risk level and list of risk categories were defined. This result assists in prioritizing issues for resolution, beginning with the most critical problems to lower risk levels. Next, list of risk categories that give the most significant security vulnerabilities affect to application codes are defined. SQL injection, weak password handling, insecure direct object reference, information exposure, improper session management, missing input validation, deprecated functions, and lack of comments are defined as a risk category. Moreover, the result of application code weakness in the security of the application code is determined based on the level of risk and categories. Thus, analysis result offers the developers a clear perspective on protects the web applications from threats and vulnerabilities.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1807-1814
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Evaluation of sensorless VF-MRAS and FOC-MRAS of IM electrical drive system

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp513-521
Moustapha Diop , Abdoulaye Kebe , Ibrahima Gueye
This paper evaluates the performance of sensorless vector and scalar control methods, namely field-oriented control-based model reference adaptive system (FOC-MRAS) and voltage frequency-based model reference adaptive system (VF-MRAS), applied to an induction motor (IM) driven by a space vector modulation inverter. In motorized systems, conventional control methods use mechanical sensors, which can be cumbersome and costly. To overcome these limitations, sensorless control techniques based on speed estimation have been introduced. In this paper, MRAS-based sensorless speed control for IM drives using rotor flux is used. This adaptive system uses a reference model based on rotor flux and implements closed-loop control. The estimated speed derived from the current and voltage models is compared to the desired speed and adjusted by the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The performances of the approaches are evaluated in terms of speed regulation and minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux ripples, through a comparative analysis of sensor and sensorless controls under various operating conditions, including variable loads and speed reversal. The simulation results obtained, using consistent criteria for both methods, confirm the effectiveness of sensorless control.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 513-521
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Fractional order PID controlled hybrid Cuk converter for electric vehicle

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp733-742
Nallamilli P. G. Bhavani , S. Dinakar Raj , K. Sujatha , N. Navaprakash , D. Ezhilarasan
Choosing the right controller with the right approach is one of any power converter's biggest concerns. In order to optimise induction heating, a hybrid Cuk converter with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is built. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled closed-loop hybrid DC-DC converter (CDHC) system. In order to improve the interface between the resonant inverter and DC source and to step up voltage with less output ripple, Cuk converters are used. The research project is concerned with modelling and simulating a hybrid closed-loop DC converter system. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled CDHC system. The suggested approach offers advantages such as high-power density and buck boost capability. After being inverted, the Cuk converter's output is applied to a DC load. The time responses of the closed loop proportional integral (PI) and FOPID controlled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems are compared. The hardware is implemented and tested for the CDHC system for electric vehicles. The results indicate that the FOPID controlled CDHC system has enhanced time response and benefits such as high-power density buck boost ability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 733-742
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Mitigating mismatch power losses in photovoltaic systems under partial shading: a comparative study of series-parallel and alternative configurations

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp588-599
Raghad Adeeb Othman , Omar Sharaf Al-Deen Yehya Al-Yozbaky , Ali Abbawi Mohammed Alabbawi
Utilizing the photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic (PV) systems are a popular technique for capturing solar energy and turning sunlight into electricity. However, environmental factors, especially shade, significantly impact photovoltaic system efficiency. Shadows cast on PV panels by surrounding structures, trees, accumulated dirt, clouds, and debris can seriously impair their performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how shade affects photovoltaic systems utilized in residential settings. Series-parallel (SP) topology for PV system have been investigated. Additionally, in this work, a PV system of 5 kW of the residence home has been proposed and multi cases of shading examined. Through the results obtained when partial shading was applied, it was found that the highest efficiency of the system was when partial shading irradiance (Ir = 500 W/m2) was applied to one column (5 modules) as 82.84%, while the worst and least equipped case was when the shading was applied to the corners and random shading at (8 modules), where the efficiency decreased to approximately 39.24% and 40.64% respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 588-599
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Performance comparison of core loss in induction motor using non-oriented electrical steels

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp640-646
Chittimilla Shravan Kumar Reddy , Ezhilarasi Arivukkannu , Kartigeyan Jayaraman
Induction motor (IM) enjoy certain advantages that include simple design, robust construction, reliable operation, low initial cost, easy operation and simple maintenance besides offering reasonable efficiency. Modelling and definition of procedures leading to good estimation of core losses in induction motors from material test data is still a challenge, is considered as problem statement. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the core loss in an induction motor (IM) by analyzing a selection of non-grain oriented electrical steel materials and then identifying for each represented whether it can be used both as stator and rotor core material. As core loss is influenced by factors such as air gap, B-H theory, eddy currents and excess loss coefficients and Steinmetzuhl factor, this study is intended to improve the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Influencing core loss are the amounts of flux density and elasticity of material. This study was accomplished by using three sorts of non oriented electrical steel: DI MAX-M15, DI MAX-M19, and DI MAX-M36. A 5 HP induction motor was the subject for finite element method (FEM) simulations whose results have been verified by empirical relations, which show the merit of using non oriented electrical steel as core material.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 640-646
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Boost efficiency performance through the enhancement of duty cycle based MPPT algorithm

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp541-550
Ahmed Badawi , I. M. Elzein , Walid Alqaisi , Al Hareth Zyoud
The use of direct power control (DPC) has become popular as an effective control strategy for pulse width modulated (PWM) converters. The incremental conductance algorithm (INC) is utilized to control the duty cycle (D) in tracking the optimal point to increase power efficiency in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). WECS parameters are adjusted to achieve unity power factor, allowing the system to extract maximum power (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥) from WECS. Simulation results show that wind speed has a significant impact on the captured power, with a proportional relationship between wind speed and power. Control strategies are employed to optimize the (D) to reach the desired operating point. A DC-DC boost converter is connected to WECS, where the (D) controls the MOSFET to maintain 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 at the optimal level on the DC link. Various wind speed profiles are simulated in this study to evaluate system efficiency, especially under conditions of rapid wind speed fluctuations. The controller based on (D) demonstrates superior tracking performance through the DC link, ensuring that 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 remains at an optimal level.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 541-550
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Investigation of DC-AC converter control techniques with enhanced MOSFET gate driver

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp676-687
Elmourabit Bouazza , Akaaboune Jalil , Oulaaross Mohamed , Benchagra Mohamed
To promote the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems and reduce costs, it is crucial to develop innovative approaches for grid integration, thereby contributing to global power generation. This article presents the development of an integrated power circuit using the TOSHIBA-TLP350 as a gate driver for the implementation of a single-phase H-bridge inverter, combined with inductor–capacitor–inductor (LCL) filters. This circuit was designed and controlled using a high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by an ATmega328P microcontroller board, with a predefined program, to facilitate the filtration and reduction of both current and voltage harmonics present at the output of the filters. The study primarily focuses on a grid-connected mode of operation but also demonstrates adaptability to the islanded mode. The proposed application in this article can be adapted to other renewable energy conversion systems. The effectiveness of this achievement is demonstrated through detailed experimental results, highlighting the potential benefits for cost reduction and performance improvement of photovoltaic systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 676-687
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Effect of DC link capacitor short-circuit on an inverter fed induction motor performance

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp631-639
Cheikh Oudaa , Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud , Mohamed Amine Khelif , Ahmed Mohamed Yahya , Bendiabdellah Azeddine , Abdel Kader Mahmoud
Induction motors are widely used in industrial power plants because of their durability, reliability and high performance under different operating conditions of the electrical system. It is also important to note that most of these motors are controlled by variable frequency drives. By adjusting the drive parameters, the motor can be managed according to design. The reliability of motor control systems based on variable speed drives is therefore crucial for industrial applications. Unlike induction motors, the power supply components of these electrical machines are delicate and susceptible to faults. To enhance the performance of the control-motor system, it is essential for researchers to understand how faults affect the drive system as a whole. In this context, this paper addresses short-circuit faults in the intermediate circuit capacitor of an induction motor driven by an inverter. The simulation results of these capacitors faults are presented, and their impact on the behavior of the rectifier, the inverter, and the induction motor is analyzed and interpreted.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 631-639
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design of a binary weighted multilevel voltage source inverter for renewable energy purposes

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp712-721
Abdulkareem Mokif Obais , Ali Abdulkareem Mukheef
The flexibility and linearity of renewable energy generation techniques motivate the efforts to find high-performance circuitries capable of integrating the generation stations of renewable energy with the utility grid. As a result of its potential for power modules exploited in new generations of semiconductor switching devices, the voltage source inverter (VSI) has become widespread in the applications of renewable energy systems. In this paper, a new configuration of multilevel VSI is introduced. It is constructed of a unidirectional voltage supply having 15-nonzero levels and feeding a single-phase VSI equipped with an extra-freewheeling circuit. The output voltage of this configuration has 31 different voltage levels following a sinusoidal path. The unidirectional voltage supply is built of eight solid-state switching devices and four binary weighted DC voltage sources, which are realized by using appropriate solar panels. The simulation results of the introduced configuration have revealed almost sinusoidal output voltage and current for both inductive and resistive appliances. The number of employed switching devices is largely reduced compared to a conventional multilevel VSI. No harmonic reduction circuit or traditional pulse width modulation technique is employed in the current design. This system is designed and tested on PSpice.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 712-721
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Smartphone-based fingerprint authentication using siamese neural networks with ridge flow attention mechanism

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1622-1632
Benchergui Malika Imane , Ghazli Abdelkader , Senouci M. Benaoumeur
Authenticating finger photo images captured using a smartphone camera provides a good alternative solution in place of the traditional method-based sensors. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhancing fingerprint authentication by leveraging images captured via a mobile camera. The method employs a siamese neural network (SNN) combined with a ridge flow attention mechanism and convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our approach begins with collecting a dataset consisting of finger images from two individuals then we apply multiple preprocessing techniques to extract fingerprint images, followed by generating augmented data to improve model robustness, scaling, and normalizing them to form images suitable for model training. Next, we generate positive and negative pairs for training a SNN. We used the SNN with CNN for feature extraction, combined with an attention mechanism that focuses on the ridge flow pattern of fingerprints to improve feature relevance which significantly contributed to the performance enhancement. As for the testing performance, our model has an accuracy of 90%, precision of 89%, recall of 83%, F1 score of 86%, area under the curve (AUC) 95 %, and 13% of equal error rate (EER) when using smartphone-captured images for fingerprint recognition.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1622-1632
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Model predictive control based frequency regulation of microgrid with integration of distributed energy resources

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp551-559
Sarbjeet Kaur , Surbhi Gupta
Power generation sector has become more prevalent in the use of renewable energy sources resulting in more complex and non-linear network. Microgrids are becoming the best alternative solution in remote areas where the distribution network is infeasible. However, the intermittent nature of distributed renewable energy resources can result in a generation and demand mismatch instigating frequency variation which is a crucial concern. Thus, modern power system requires increasing intelligence and flexibility to cope up with the generation-load mismatch. Efficient control techniques are of vital importance in maintaining the frequency near the nominal value, and the selection of the controller is crucial in maintaining the reliable, effective, and steady functioning of the power system. The present study demonstrates frequency control in islanded microgrid with disruptions in load demand using the model predictive control by efficiently managing the energy storage with integration of large-scale renewable energy sources. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model predictive controller (MPC) is presented by comparing its performance with proportional integral controller and proportional integral tuned with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) through simulations in MATLAB environment.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 551-559
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems: classical, fuzzy logic, and sliding mode approaches

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp688-700
Mohamed El hafydy , Mohamed Benydir , Elmahni Lahoussine , Elmoutawakil Alaoui My Rachid , Youssef Oubail
This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies for photovoltaic systems, focusing on the classical perturb and observe (P&O) method, an artificial intelligence based fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and a robust sliding mode control (SMC) technique. These methods aim to maximize power output by dynamically adapting to rapid and unpredictable environmental variations, such as changes in solar irradiance. Simulations performed the MATLAB/Simulink environment under diverse real-world scenarios demonstrate that SMC and FLC outperform the conventional P&O approach, particularly under conditions of sudden and severe environmental in fluctuations. The findings highlight the advanced controllers’ ability to sustain optimal power extraction, minimize energy losses, and maintain system stability across varying operating conditions. These results underscore the potential of SMC-based MPPT systems to enhance the efficiency and resilience of renewable energy applications, making them highly viable for deployment in real-world scenarios characterized by volatile environmental conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 688-700
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp533-540
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Suherman Suherman , Budiyono Budiyono , Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Rice husk is a biomass that can potentially be converted into biogas energy. In this research, a study was carried out regarding the effect of alkaline pretreatment and then a study related to the potential for developing biogas from rice husks in Indonesia and a study related to the potential utilization of biogas by-products in the form of slurry as solid organic fertilizer. So, the main objective is to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment of rice husks on the potential development of rice husks as raw material for biogas production on a full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD). Research related to the effect of alkaline pretreatment using 3% NaOH by immersion in the substrate for 24 hours was carried out on a lab scale. The variable TS is set at 27%, C/N ratio is 35, uses a 2-liter digester, and measurements are carried out every other day for 60 days. Furthermore, the up-scale was carried out with an AD fixed dome model with a volume of 6 m3. In this study, it was found that pre-treatment with 3% NaOH increased biogas productivity by 1.6 times higher. The potential for rice husk to be converted into biogas energy can reach 3.5 million liters of biogas by 2022. The by-product of biogas in the form of slurry also has the potential to be used as solid organic fertilizer directly. Parameter tests that have been carried out show that the slurry in biogas from rice husks that have gone through a 60-day AD fermentation process complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 533-540
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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