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A systematic review of metacognitive dynamics in secondary physics education

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32722
Norhidayah Osman , Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud , Nurazidawati Mohamad Arsad
Metacognitive strategies are effective in enhancing secondary school students’ performance in physics, a key science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subject that poses challenges due to its conceptual complexity and the need for higher-order thinking skills. This study systematically reviews the impact of metacognitive strategies on student performance in physics from 2014 to 2024. The research objectives include identifying trends, advantages, and challenges of these strategies. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 25 studies were selected from databases like Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, involving diverse respondents. Research instruments included surveys, interviews, and standardized tests to assess metacognitive awareness and academic performance. Analysis revealed a preference for quantitative methods (88%), with qualitative (8%) and mixed methods (4%) also contributing insights. Results indicate that metacognitive strategies enhance conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, motivation, engagement, and academic performance while reducing gender gaps. However, challenges include implementation complexity, time constraints, student resistance, assessment difficulties, and variability in effectiveness. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive teacher training and innovative instructional designs to integrate metacognitive strategies effectively. These strategies hold promise for transforming physics education and promoting equitable student outcomes. Future research should focus on developing tailored approaches and innovative assessment methods to optimize the implementation of metacognitive strategies across diverse educational contexts.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3859-3871
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Development of a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32468
Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani , Nurul ‘Ain Mohd Daud , Hapsah Md Yusof , Syaza Hazwani Zaini , Pau Kee , Mazuki Mohd Yasim , Wan Faizatul Azirah Ismayatim , Nur Shuhana Mohd Sansuddin
Cancer is a chronic disease that causes patients and their caregivers to face various challenges throughout treatment and care. This study aimed to develop a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia. This study employed the design and development research (DDR). The first phase involved needs analysis using a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews of nine caregivers of childhood cancer. The second phase involved two methods: nominal group technique (NGT) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The third phase involved evaluating the usability of the model through the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) with the agreement of seven experts. This study successfully developed a counselling-based self-wellbeing model for informal caregivers of childhood cancer patients in Malaysia. This model has 12 components consisting of: i) financial; ii) career; iii) knowledge related to management and care of child cancer patients; iv) emotional management and care; v) spiritual; vi) cognitive and rationalization; vii) social relationships; viii) roles of counsellors in helping parents; ix) spouse and family relationships; x) physical; xi) communication; and xii) facilities. This model is proposed to be used by counsellors, especially who serve in health institutions to help parents who have children with cancer.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4222-4230
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Empowering professional learning communities: the role of middle leadership and teacher participation in decision-making

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34392
Sock Beei Yeap , Nurul Jawahir Md Ali
Professional learning communities (PLCs) are essential for fostering collaboration and continuous school improvement. However, their implementation faces significant challenges, including passive teacher attitudes, limited understanding of PLCs, increased workloads, and ineffective execution by school communities. Addressing these challenges requires a supportive organizational structure that enhances PLCs effectiveness. This study aims to examine the effect of middle leadership (MLT) on PLCs. Specifically, this study also examines the mediating effect of teacher participation in decision-making (TM) on the relationship between MLT and PLCs. Data were collected from 284 secondary school teachers in Penang and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that MLT had a significant effect on PLCs, and TM mediates the relationship between MLT and PLCs. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and school leaders on fostering a collaborative school culture through effective MLT practices, ultimately strengthening PLCs implementation in Malaysian secondary schools. Furthermore, these findings underscore the significance of empowering teachers participation in decision-making to enhance PLCs effectiveness.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3461-3468
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Determinants of undergraduate recycling behavior: an extended model of the theory of planned behavior

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32391
Tan Owee Kowang , Lim Kim Yew , Ong Choon Hee , Goh Chin Fei
Promoting positive recycling behavior should be part of the higher educational objectives. The main purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of recycling behavior among undergraduates, to assess the differences in undergraduates’ recycling behavior based on their demographic, and to explore the relationship between the determinants and behavior of recycling. The research extended the theory of planned behaviors (TPB) by adding environmental awareness as a determinant of recycling behavior in addition to attitude toward recycling, subjective norm of recycling, and perceived behavioral control over recycling. The research population comprises management programs undergraduates from a public university in Malaysia. A total of 259 responses were collected via structured questionnaire. Descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis results suggested that respondents strongly agreed that undergraduates’ attitudes and environmental awareness are the most important determinants of recycling behavior, and both determinants are strongly correlated with recycle behavior. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis result also reveals that there is significant difference on recycle behaviors among undergraduates based on year of study, with year 4 undergraduates exhibiting the highest recycling behavior. This finding suggests that the green campus initiatives taken by the university are effective. Additionally, extending the TPB model by adding awareness implies a theoretical contribution of this research.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3727-3734
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Route towards certification: a path analysis on licensure performance of new teacher education curriculum graduates

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33552
Tedric Dave E. Senosa , Jr., Roberto G. Sagge
The board licensure examination for professional teachers (BLEPT) is a critical assessment for aspiring educators in the Philippines. Despite its vital importance, limited research has explored the comprehensive influence of the education graduates’ demographic background, psychological state, and achievement in the institutional parameters on the BLEPT performance. This study examined these influences on the licensure performance among 101 bachelor of secondary education (BSEd) mathematics and science graduates under the new teacher education curriculum. The researchers collected data using validated researcher-made questionnaires and educational metrics. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), results showed that the path model highlights the multifaceted nature of BLEPT performance, which shows that an intrinsic commitment towards the teaching profession and a supportive network create a cycle of positive experiences that fuels the graduates’ academic performance and self-efficacy, leading to a notable licensure performance. Likewise, the model emphasizes the vital effect of graduates’ education-related employment on their licensure examination performance. Taking these factors into account, teacher education institutions (TEIs) and key educational stakeholder should create targeted interventions, investigate unforeseen factors, and restructure curricula implementation to address the shortage of competent Filipino educators in these critical educational disciplines which are mathematics and science education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3379-3389
Publish at: 2025-10-01

School innovation climate as a driver of teachers’ innovative work behavior: the mediating role of self-efficacy

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32757
Safiek Mokhlis , Abdul Hakim Abdullah
Teachers’ innovative work behavior (IWB) is widely recognized as a driving force behind educational improvement in the complex and demanding conditions of the 21st century. Among a wide range of factors that could affect IWB, innovation climate (IC) has emerged as a crucial determinant. However, research exploring the mechanism that mediate the link between IC and IWB is still limited. Drawing upon social cognitive theory (SCT), the present study proposes that teachers’ self-efficacy (SE) acts as a mediator in the relationship between IC and IWB. The study involved 376 teachers at 12 public schools in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, who were determined based on a stratified random sampling technique. Analysis of data was implemented through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS software to test causal relationships. Results confirmed that schools’ IC was positively correlated with IWB and that this relationship was partially mediated by teachers’ SE. These results align with SCT, which emphasizes the interaction between individual behavior, environment (IC), and personal factors (SE). To cultivate a culture of innovation and improve educational outcomes, school leaders should actively foster an IC that enhances teachers’ SE, thereby promoting their IWB.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3735-3743
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Prospective applications of assistive robotics for the benefit of population groups

10.11591/ijece.v15i5.pp4531-4541
Anny Astrid Espitia-Cubillos , Robinson Jimenez-Moreno , Javier Eduardo Martínez-Baquero
The development of robotics has reached various fields of application such as the assistance field, where robots support people with different abilities in different activities to provide independence, comfort and interaction, even improving their self-esteem and quality of life. The objective is to identify the main benefits of the application of assistive robotics achieved to project its future fields of action. For this purpose, the Scopus database is used to find documents related to assistive robotics, which are filtered by publication date and according to the elimination criteria determined by the authors, and then bibliometric networks are constructed using VOSviewer. Finally, the main findings are analyzed and presented according to their area of application. Five areas of application of assistive robotics are identified that benefit children, the elderly, provide hospital assistance, help people with disabilities or support therapy and rehabilitation work, developments that allow the formulation of areas for future study. It is concluded that there are many advances in assistive robotics that demonstrate robotic development and provide assistance to a particular population, but more work is still needed to increase the number of beneficiaries, reduce costs and expand research in the areas mentioned and to be developed.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Page: 4531-4541
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Acceptance of mobile English learning among college students in Henan

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32876
Qiong Xiao , Soo Ruey Shing , Yu Lv
The portability of smartphones offers tremendous potential for language learning. However, the willingness to accept and the practical adoption of mobile learning in English study among college students from Henan, China requires deeper exploration, due to the lower digital competency and limited usage of digital tools of English teachers in Henan, China. Targeted at the college students from Henan, this research intends to investigate factors influencing their intention to adopt mobile apps in learning English by conducting a quantitative study within the framework of modified technology acceptance model (TAM) model. Purposive sampling method was used and online questionnaire was administered among 511 college students with mobile English learning experiences from one comprehensive university in Henan and data were analyzed via SPSS and structural equation modelling (SEM). The key findings include: i) social influences (SI), perceived usefulness (UF), and perceived enjoyment (PEEN) significantly impact students’ intention to adopt mobile English learning; ii) SI affect students’ intention via the mediator of UF; and iii) perceived ease of use (EOU) does not significantly impact students’ intention. This research highlights the role of teachers’ influences in students’ adoption of mobile English learning and emphasizes the need for further improvement in mobile apps design to facilitate the learning experiences.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3546-3556
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Designing cyber safety and security literacy programs to enhance cyber security competency of prospective teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32359
Santhosh Thangan , Thiyagu Kaliappan , Vrinda Vijayan , Venukanti Sai Abhinav , Ashalatha Shanthipalla
This study examines the design, development, and evaluation of a cyber safety and security literacy program (CSLP) aimed at enhancing cyber security competency (CSC) among prospective teachers. Utilizing a research and development (R&D) method, the program was structured using the analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation (ADDIE) model to create instructional modules covering key cyber safety topics. The validity of the program was ensured through expert evaluations, and its effectiveness was tested via a pre-experimental research design with a single group of 50 prospective teachers from training colleges in Kerala, India. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted using a standardized CSC scale. Statistical analysis, including t-tests and Cohen’s d, revealed a significant improvement in participants’ CSC, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d=4.32), indicating the program’s substantial impact. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating structured cyber safety education into teacher training programs to bridge the gap between digital engagement and online safety. The findings also highlight the broader need for integrating cyber security literacy in professional contexts to foster responsible digital behavior.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4088-4098
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Integrating project-based learning for enhancing higher education within an outcome-based education framework

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.31957
Radhika Bhagwat , Anagha Kulkarni
Project-based learning (PBL) has emerged as a powerful pedagogical approach within the outcome-based education (OBE) framework that is designed to align educational outcomes with the evolving demands of the 21st century. This research investigates the integration of PBL into an engineering course and focuses on its impact on the overall development of the students. Project-based approach was adapted in the artificial intelligence (AI) course, where 56 and 58 students applied AI concepts to real-world challenges in academic year 21-22 and 22-23, respectively. A structured PBL framework was implemented, systematically dividing the project into stages ensuring progressive learning. Feedback and statistical analysis, including a paired t-test, were conducted to evaluate students’ academic and interpersonal skill improvements. The statistical analysis proved a remarkable improvement in the course assessment marks. Students demonstrated improved problem-solving ability, algorithmic thinking and expertise in AI techniques. The findings exhibited enhanced communication skills, effective presentations, articulation of ideas and peer collaboration. These outcomes indicate the significance of PBL on the holistic development of higher education students, within technical disciplines by equipping students with the necessary skills, mindset, and experience to excel in their professional practice. PBL provides a comprehensive assessment of student’s abilities and fosters collaboration with industry partners thus strengthening ties between academia and industry.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4099-4108
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Plagiarism knowledge, practice, reasons, and consequences: a cross-sectional study among Filipino nursing students

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.31435
Trixie Camille R. Ferrariz , Francis John P. Gargarita , Mary Bless G. Debuque , John Bernard A. Dofitas , Dorothy Arlene Paz P. Espia , Ryan Michael F. Oducado
Plagiarism is pervasive in academic environments and undermines nursing education’s integrity. Despite efforts to combat plagiarism, the problem persists, highlighting the need for a deeper investigation. This study determined the knowledge, practice, reasons, and perceived consequences of plagiarism among nursing students. A descriptive-correlational design was employed in a public nursing school in Iloilo, Philippines. An online survey using valid and reliable research instruments was administered among nursing students. Results revealed that while nursing students generally had high knowledge and low practice of plagiarism, one-fourth of students sometimes used tables, graphs, or pictures and copied information directly or in a slightly modified form without citing the sources. There was no significant relationship between the knowledge and practice variables. Common reasons cited by students for committing plagiarism were that many assignments had to be submitted quickly, the assignment to be done was very complicated, and there was a lack of time. Facing severe setbacks, serious consequences, and the risk of getting caught were viewed as potential consequences of plagiarism. This study underscores a possible gap between understanding the concept of plagiarism and implementing ethical academic practices, emphasizing the importance of institutions not just teaching about plagiarism but also revisiting some academic practices to identify the root causes of unethical behavior.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3622-3630
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Let’s be a chef! The antecedents of chef’s key competencies for vocational school students

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.26708
Badraningsih Lastariwati , Tuatul Mahfud
Chefs are considered a factor in the success of a culinary tourism business. Therefore, mastering the chef’s key competencies (CKC) through vocational high schools is very important. Many studies have examined the competence of chefs. Still, the mechanism for getting key competency chefs involving industry commitment (IC), social support (SS), vocational teaching quality (TQ), and occupational self-efficacy (OSE) of culinary student chefs has not been discussed clearly. This study investigates the antecedents of the mastery of key chef competencies for vocational school students. This study involved 392 culinary students at seven vocational schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected by proportional random sampling through a questionnaire. Amos 18 software is used for structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The study’s results revealed that the mastery of the chef’s critical competencies for students was directly and significantly influenced by IC, quality of vocational teaching, and OSE of chefs. In addition, chef OSE is a mediator on the influence of IC, SS, and quality of vocational teaching on mastering the chef’s critical competencies for culinary students. This study’s findings discuss in depth some of the implications for vocational education practitioners that are proposed for further improvement.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4006-4018
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Enhanced torque control for horizontal-axis wind turbines via disturbance observer assistance

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i5.26805
Edwin; Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores Villarreal-Lopez , Horacio; Universidad de San Buenaventura Coral-Enriquez , Sergio; Samara National Research University Tamayo-Leon
This paper presents an enhanced control strategy for optimizing energy capture in horizontal axis wind turbines operating in the partial-load region (region 2). The proposed approach builds upon conventional standard torque control (STC) by incorporating a generalized extended state observer (GESO) that follows the active-disturbance-rejection paradigm. Although traditional torque control methods have proven effective under steady wind conditions, they often lack robustness against disturbances, system faults, and model uncertainties inherent in wind energy systems. The proposed observer-assisted control scheme addresses these limitations by estimating and compensating for total disturbance signals, including non-modeled dynamics, parameter uncertainties, and actuator faults. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through comprehensive simulations using a 5 MW wind turbine model subjected to realistic operational conditions. Simulation scenarios include turbulent wind speed profiles and actuator degradation to assess controller performance. The results demonstrate improved robustness and energy capture efficiency compared to the conventional control approach, while maintaining the simplicity of the implementation. This work contributes to the development of more reliable wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) by offering a practical solution that improves both performance and fault tolerance in partial load operation.
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Page: 1395-1403
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Deep transfer learning based disease detection and classification of tomato leaves - a comparative analysis

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i5.26887
Munira Akter; University of Frontier Technology Lata , Marjia; Begum Rokeya University Sultana , Iffat Ara; Begum Rokeya University Badhan , Mastura Jahan; University of Frontier Technology Maria , Fariha Tasnim; University of Frontier Technology Nuha
A wide variety of diseases have a significant impact on tomato plants. To avoid crop quality issues, a prompt and precise diagnosis is crucial. Classifying plant diseases is one of the numerous applications where deep transfer learning models have recently produced remarkable results. This study dealt with fine-tuning by contrasting the most advanced architectures, including Inception V3, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19, GoogLeNet, and AlexNet. In the end, a comparison evaluation is conducted. Nine distinct tomato disease classes and one healthy class from PlantVillage make up the dataset used in this study. Precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy were the basis for a multiclass statistical analysis that assessed the models. The ResNet-50 approach yielded significant results with precision: 82%, recall: 81%, F1-score: 81%, and accuracy: 85%. With this high success rate, it is reasonable to say that mobile applications or IoT-compatible gadgets implemented with the ResNet-50 model can assist farmers in identifying and safeguarding tomatoes against the aforementioned diseases.
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Page: 1353-1362
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Overcoming challenges in managing public schools of novice principals

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33538
Jayson Ryan T. De Leon , Rich Paulo S. Lim , Justin Vianey M. Embalsado , Jed V. Madlambayan , Chillet G. Credo , Ricardo C. Salunga
A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized in this study to explore the challenges experienced by novice school principals and how they overcome these challenges in managing their schools in the Division of Mabalacat City during school year 2023-2024. Guided by in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews, data was gathered from nine public elementary school principals. With the transcribed data, coding was employed using thematic analysis. Results showed that novice principals’ challenges are categorized into two: i) interpersonal challenges, including keeping the school safe and conducive and engaging with stakeholders, and ii) intrapersonal challenges, which include transitioning to higher roles and responsibilities and catching up with the new knowledge and skills needed to acquire. Moreover, novice principals experienced in overcoming these challenges were also examined. Findings revealed that growing interpersonal skills by establishing a good relationship with stakeholders and building rapport with teachers and growing intrapersonal skills by never stopping learning and having the right attitude would help them cope with their difficulties in managing the school. Finally, a proposed novice principals’ challenges model framework was developed and recommended for use in the Division of Mabalacat City to improve the knowledge, skills, and qualities of beginning and aspiring principals with their new roles in managing their schools.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3686-3701
Publish at: 2025-10-01
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