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29,922 Article Results

Exploring the influence of soft information from economic news on exchange rate and gold price movements

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp5231-5239
Rahardito Dio Prastowo , Indra Budi , Amanah Ramadiah , Aris Budi Santoso , Prabu Kresna Putra
Information on business conditions is an important concern for market players and regulators. Hard information relates to easily validated characteristics such as production levels and employment conditions. In contrast, soft information such as consumer and public perceptions—is subjective and difficult to verify. Although previous studies on hard and soft information mainly focus on microeconomics and banking, current developments in big data and machine learning enable broader applications in financial market analysis. This study combined VADER sentiment analysis and support vector machine (SVM) classification (accuracy=85%) to analyze economic news, followed by Granger causality and multiple linear regression to examine causal effects and predictive relationships. The findings reveal that negative news sentiment and the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate influence each other, while positive sentiment has no causal impact on the exchange rate. Both negative and positive sentiments affect gold prices, whereas gold price movements do not influence sentiment. Regression analysis shows that negative sentiment has a stronger effect in decreasing the IDR exchange rate than positive sentiment, with the model explaining approximately 20% of the variance. Integrating sentiment and exchange rate data enhances the predictive model for gold price forecasting and highlights the asymmetric roles of positive and negative news in financial dynamics.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5231-5239
Publish at: 2025-12-01

EmoVibe: AI-driven multimodal emotion analysis for mental health via social media dashboards

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4565-4578
Deepali Vora , Aryan Sharma , Mudit Garg , Steve Fransis
Monitoring mental health via social media often utilizes unimodal approaches, such as sentiment analysis on text or single-staged image categorization, or executes early feature fusion. However, in real-world contexts where emotions are conveyed via text, emojis, and images, unimodal approach leads to obscured decision-making pathways and overall diminished performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose EmoVibe, a hybrid multimodal AI framework for emotive analysis. EmoVibe uses attention-based late fusion strategy, where text embeddings are generated from bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and visual features are extracted by vision transformer. Subsequently, emoticon vectors linked to avatars are processed independently. Later, these independent data features are integrated at higher levels, enhancing interpretability and performance. In contrast to early fusion methods and integrated multimodal large language models (LLMs) like CLIP, Flamingo, GPT-4V, MentaLLaMA, and domain-adapted models like EmoBERTa, EmoVibe preserves modality-specific contexts without premature fusion. This architecture saves processing cost, allowing for clearer, unambiguous rationalization and explanations. EmoVibe outperforms unimodal baselines and early fusion models, obtaining 89.7% accuracy on GoEmotions, FER, and AffectNet, compared to BERT's 87.4% and ResNet-50's 84.2%, respectively. Furthermore, a customizable, real time, privacy-aware dashboard is created, supporting physicians and end users. This technology enables scalable and proactive intervention options and fosters user self-awareness of mental health.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4565-4578
Publish at: 2025-12-01

The use of geographic information systems to measure the financial performance of micro enterprises

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp5333-5343
Elfreda Aplonia Lau , Sri Endayani , Umi Kulsum , Andrew Stefano , Abdul Rokhim , Purbawati Purbawati
This study examines the application of geographic information systems (GIS) to measure and visualize the financial performance of micro enterprises in remote areas of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Micro enterprises are crucial to local economies but often face barriers such as limited capital access, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient business training. Using a mixed-method approach, the research combined surveys of 200 micro business owners, secondary economic data, and GIS-based spatial analysis. The results indicate clear spatial disparities: enterprises located closer to financial institutions and training programs achieved 25–30% higher profitability and stronger operational resilience. GIS mapping effectively identified performance clusters and underserved zones, providing actionable insights for targeted policy interventions. Key factors influencing financial outcomes include access to capital, training opportunities, and infrastructure quality. This study demonstrates the value of GIS as a decision-support tool for policymakers in designing spatially informed financial assistance, infrastructure planning, and mobile training deployment. The findings contribute to socio-economic planning discourse and propose a replicable GIS-based framework for strengthening microenterprise resilience in underdeveloped regions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5333-5343
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Adopting the principal instructional management rating scale for enhancing instructional delivery in Nigerian schools

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34958
Hafsat Aliyu Bada , Habibat Abubakar Yusuf , Jumoke Iyabode Oladele , Peter Babajide Oloba
This study explores the validation and application of the principal instructional management rating scale (PIMRS) for enhancing instructional leadership in Nigerian secondary schools. This was achieved by checking its content, face, construct, and reliability, with a focus on how clear the language was and how it related to culture. A sample of 100 secondary school teachers from four schools in North-Central Nigeria participated in this research. Expert reviews ensured content validity, while the instrument demonstrated high reliability, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.95. The subscales for the three dimensions achieved acceptable reliability: 0.83 for defining the school mission (DSM), 0.87 for managing the instructional program (MIP), and 0.91 for shaping the school learning climate (SLC). The results also showed strong positive relationships between the PIMRS dimensions, which supports the tool’s usefulness for evaluating how Nigerian schools handle instructional leadership. This study provides a robust foundation for further research on instructional leadership in Nigeria and offers a validated tool to improve school leadership practices, enhance instructional delivery, and ultimately foster student achievement. The adoption of the PIMRS in Nigerian secondary schools has the potential to drive systemic improvements in school effectiveness and instructional leadership. The findings suggest refining the sub-scales of monitoring halls, venues, and instructional feedback to teachers (IFT) for enhanced reliability. Additionally, capacity-building workshops for principals and integration of PIMRS into leadership training programs, as well as policy adoption for standardized evaluation, are essential for successful implementation and improved instructional leadership.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5067-5079
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Melanoma classification using ensemble deep transfer learning

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4943-4956
Soumya Gadag , Panduranga Rao Malode Vishwanathac , Virupaxi Balachandra Dalal
Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, poses significant challenges in early detection and diagnosis. Several methods for early melanoma detection, including visual inspection and several machine learning models, face challenges with accuracy. To overcome these issues, deep learning has been widely adopted in various biomedical applications. In this work, we employ deep transfer learning methods to classify melanoma. Firstly, we collect publicly available datasets containing melanoma images, their corresponding ground truth for segmentation, and class labels. Subsequently, we perform data preprocessing, normalization, and label encoding to address issues of varied illumination, image noise, and data imbalance. Next, we conduct feature extraction utilizing the previously trained deep learning models, VGG, ResNet, InceptionResNet, and MobileNet. The characteristic vectors obtained from each model are fused to produce a comprehensive depiction among the provided pictures. In the classification stage, we employ ensemble learning using transfer learning models, including EfficientNet, Xception, and DenseNet. These models are trained on the final feature vector to classify melanoma images effectively. The effectiveness of the suggested method is verified using publicly available ISIC 2017–2020 datasets, these model reports average accuracy scores of 96.10%, 97.23%, 97.50%, 98.33%, and 98.60%, in that order.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4943-4956
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Deep learning-based evaluation for distributed denial of service attacks detection

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4982-4992
Neethu S. , H. V. Ravish Aradhya , Viswavardhan Reddy Karna
Software-defined network (SDN) introduces a programmable and centralized control mechanism for managing network infrastructure, enhancing flexibility and efficiency. However, this architecture is prone to security threats, particularly distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that exploit centralized control. This study presents a comparative analysis of several deep learning (DL) models—namely, multilayer perceptron (MLP), artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM)—for detecting DDoS threats within SDN environments. The research incorporates key preprocessing techniques such as feature selection and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to handle class imbalance. The results indicate that sequence-aware models like LSTM and RNN are highly effective in interpreting temporal network behavior, with LSTM achieving the highest performance (accuracy: 91%, precision: 86%, recall: 94%, and F1-score: 90%). These findings underscore the potential of advanced DL methods in fortifying SDN infrastructures against complex cyber threats.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4982-4992
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Digital literacy and cybersecurity in higher education: the unseen power of academic librarians

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34916
Mohammad Fazli Baharuddin , Abdurrahman Jalil , Zahari Mohd Amin , Fadhilnor Rahmad , Shamila Mohamed Shuhidan
The increasing reliance on digital technologies in higher education has amplified the need for students to develop digital literacy and cybersecurity awareness. However, many undergraduate students lack the competencies required for responsible and secure digital engagement, posing significant risks in the digital landscape. Academic librarians, as key facilitators of information literacy, are uniquely positioned to address these challenges, yet their roles in promoting digital literacy and cybersecurity awareness remain underexplored. The study addresses the following key issues: how do academic librarians play their roles on undergraduate students’ digital literacy and cyber security awareness; what are the challenges related to library initiatives; and, perhaps most importantly, what are the strategies do librarians employ to improve it? Using a qualitative research methodology, data were collected through interviews with six academic librarians and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that academic librarians play critical roles in fostering digital literacy and cybersecurity by teaching information literacy, promoting ethical online behavior, and enhancing students’ digital safety practices. Challenges identified include limited resources, diverse digital skill levels among students, and difficulties in maintaining student engagement. Librarians address these issues through strategies such as faculty collaboration, integrating digital literacy programs, employing interactive learning tools, and pursuing continuous professional development. This research offers actionable insights for integrating digital literacy and cybersecurity initiatives into library services, improving librarian training, and enhancing the sustainability and visibility of academic libraries within higher education institutions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4404-4417
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Early detection of tar spot disease in Zea mays using hyperspectral reflectance and machine learning

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4722-4730
Claudia Nohemy Montoya-Estrada , Oscar Cardona-Morales , Oscar López-Naranjo , Freddy Eliseo Hernandez-Jorge , Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez
Ensuring food security and meeting the economic needs of farmers and nations depend heavily on detecting and preventing crop yield losses. Early detection of tar spot caused by Phyllachora maydis is crucial to implementing efficient mitigation actions in the earliest stages of infestation. Currently, visual methods are used for detection, which require extensive training and experience from the operator. However, remote sensing techniques can be used to detect tar spot infestation through the selection of wavelengths present in the maize plant spectral signature. This research proposes using machine learning techniques and logistic regression to determine the first stage of tar spot infestation. The results show that the logistic regression model is the most suitable for detecting this first stage, and the K-Nearest Neighbors Classification and Random Forest Classification algorithms generate the best classification results. This approach can significantly reduce costs in terms of time, labor, and subjective analysis.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4722-4730
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Spam social media profile detection using hybrid positive unlabelled learning

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4838-4847
Nidhi A. Patel , Nirali Nanavati
Online social networks (OSNs) are a communication medium of social interaction for people, where social activities, entertainment, business oriented activities, and information are exchanged. It creates an environment with worldwide connectivity where groups of individuals may discuss their interests and activities on social media platforms. Billions of people routinely interact with social content, opinion sharing, recommendations, networking, scouting, social campaigns, alerting on OSNs. The increase in popularity of OSNs creates new challenges and perspectives to the researchers of social networks, which is of interest in various fields. One of the most popular networking platforms for microblogging is X (formerly Twitter). Millions of spam accounts have inundated the X network, which could damage normal users' security and privacy. Hence, the research in this filed has become essential for enhancing real users' protection and identifying spam profiles. In this manuscript, we propose hybrid approach based on semi-supervised learning to detect the spam profiles. The proposed work is based on the positive and unlabeled (PU) learning algorithm, which learns from an unlabeled dataset and a small number of positive instances. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach outperformed existing PU learning approach by 17.39% and 17.51% improvement respectively in spam detection rate on X and Instagram datasets.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4838-4847
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A merchant analytics framework for revenue forecasting and financial stress detection using transaction data

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4848-4864
Yara Harb , Wissam Baaklini , Nadine Abbas , Seifedine Kadry
By processing payments and providing specialized financial services, acquiring banks are essential for merchants’ operations. To forecast 30-day revenue trajectories, identify seasonal demand patterns, and identify early indicators of financial stress, this paper presents a scalable merchant analytics framework that benefits from transactional data. The framework captures multi-level seasonalities using Prophet time series model, allowing dynamic product offerings like revenue-based loans. Proactive risk management is supported offerings like revenue-based loans. Proactive risk management is supported. by a new stress-flagging mechanism that identifies merchants at risk based on deviations in revenue trends. The framework achieved a median 30-day mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 56.51% after the validation on a dataset with 130,350 transactions from 460 merchants in a volatile economic environment. The model demonstrated significant practical utility in identifying financial distress and segmenting merchant behavior, despite its moderate predictive precision, which is common challenge in high-variance merchant datasets. Model outputs are converted into decision-support visualizations along with an interactive dashboard.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4848-4864
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Transformer and text augmentation for tourism aspect-based sentiment analysis

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4614-4622
Samuel Situmeang , Sarah Rosdiana Tambunan , Jevania Jevania , Mastawila Febryanti Simanjuntak , Sandro Sinaga
The 36.98% growth in the quantity of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) over the past five years presents opportunities for the tourism industry to understand tourists' needs and desires better when analyzed effectively. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is proposed as a solution, as it can identify the sentiment at a more detailed aspect level. Prior research revealed two issues in ABSA: imbalanced datasets and poor performance in representing implicit aspects and opinions. The authors proposed a combination of the bidirectional and auto-regressive transformer (BART) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) models. Leveraging BART capability in modeling context and BERT expertise in modeling text semantics and nuances, the author proposed an ABSA model that combines BART and BERT using the ensemble method. The experimental results reveal that combining these models significantly enhances the performance of the ABSA model, with an F1-score reaching 70%. Furthermore, text augmentation and preprocessing did not bring improvements in ABSA performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4614-4622
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Predicting the severity of road traffic accidents Morocco: a supervised machine learning approach

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4461-4473
Halima Drissi Touzani , Sanaa Faquir , Ali Yahyaouy
Early prediction of road accidents fatality and injuries severity is one of the important subjects to road safety emphasizing the critical need to prevent serious consequences to reduce injuries and fatalities. This study uses real road accidents data set in Morocco. It represents the intersection between road safety and data science, aiming to employ machine learning techniques to provide valuable insights in accident’s severity prevention. The purpose of this paper is to study road accidents data in the country and combine results from statistical methods, spatial analysis, and machine learning models to determine which factors will mostly contribute to increase the accident’ severity in the country. A comparison of results obtained was also conducted in this paper using different metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of each method and determine the most important factors that contribute to increase the fatality or injuries severity in the specific context of accidents. The best prediction model was then injected into a proposed algorithm where more intelligent techniques are included to be implemented in a car engine to perform an early detection of severe accidents and therefore preventing crashes from happening.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4461-4473
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Assessment apps to evaluate students’ reading progress in English classroom

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.32907
Gina Karina Camacho-Minuche , Eva Ulehlova , Verónica Espinoza-Celi
The traditional way to assess students’ reading progress hinders their motivation and engagement, which negatively affects their academic performance. Therefore, this study seeks to address the issue by analyzing the effectiveness of three interactive technological assessment tools: Kahoot, Quizizz, and Socrative, as alternatives for assessing English as foreign language (EFL) students’ reading comprehension, as well as exploring the students’ perceptions about the use of these technological tools. This quasi-experimental study involved mixed method approach and consider 60 senior high school students of Loja, South of Ecuador as a purposive sample. There were outlined advantages and drawbacks linked to three assessment technological tools applied; however, Socrative revealed to be the most effective. Effectiveness seemed contingent upon several variables, such as the educational goals, functionalities of the tools, and the students’ settings. Additionally, the use of technological tools provided a range of resources to enhance dynamism and engagement of learning by facilitating interaction among students. In essence, this resulted in the consolidation of new knowledge, enabling students to retain information over an extended duration.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5151-5160
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing communication and interaction in the movie industry based SparkMLlib's recommendation system

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4661-4674
Said Chakouk , Abdelkerim Zitouni , Nazif Tchagafo , Ahiod Belaid
In the ever-evolving landscape of streaming platforms, recommendation systems contribute significantly to enhancing the user experience. This article examines the significance of these systems in suggesting movies, analyzing their impact on user satisfaction and platform performance. Utilizing SparkMLlib, a powerful tool for large-scale data processing, we explore various recommendation techniques, including collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. We highlight the dimension of digital communication to further enhance the accuracy of recommendations and foster greater user engagement. Our study also addresses the challenges and future opportunities related to recommendation systems, emphasizing the need for transparency and ethical algorithms. This research highlights the potential for recommendation systems to revolutionize the digital entertainment landscape and shape the future of the movie industry.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4661-4674
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Metaheuristic optimization for sarcasm detection in social media with embedding and padding techniques

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp5027-5037
Geeta Sahu , Manoj Hudnunkar
Sarcasm is a sophisticated mode of expression that allows speakers to express their opinions subtly. Stakeholders provide unstructured messages with extended phrases, making it difficult for computers and people to understand. This research aims to develop a sarcasm detection method to identify words in phrases as sarcastic or non-sarcastic from text, utilizing natural language processing appliances. The first step is pre-processing, when the padding and embedding are performed. Zero padding and end padding are used for the padding. At the same time, different embedding techniques, such as word2vec, Glove, and BERT, are used. Following pre-processing, the features are extracted from the pre-processed data, including "information gain, chi-square, mutual information, and symmetrical uncertainty-based features." Then, a hybrid optimization technique known as clan-updated grey wolf optimization (CU-GWO) is used for optimized features and weight selection. An ensemble technique was applied to extract optimal features. The classifiers in the proposed suggested ensemble technique with deep convolution neural network (DCNN). DCNN offers fine weight tuning and detection results.The performance analysis and its impact on the proposed model for sarcasm detection are classified with good accuracy into sarcastic and non-sarcastic categories. The results are also compared with against those of the GloVe and BERT techniques.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5027-5037
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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