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29,922 Article Results

Metaheuristic optimization for sarcasm detection in social media with embedding and padding techniques

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp5027-5037
Geeta Sahu , Manoj Hudnunkar
Sarcasm is a sophisticated mode of expression that allows speakers to express their opinions subtly. Stakeholders provide unstructured messages with extended phrases, making it difficult for computers and people to understand. This research aims to develop a sarcasm detection method to identify words in phrases as sarcastic or non-sarcastic from text, utilizing natural language processing appliances. The first step is pre-processing, when the padding and embedding are performed. Zero padding and end padding are used for the padding. At the same time, different embedding techniques, such as word2vec, Glove, and BERT, are used. Following pre-processing, the features are extracted from the pre-processed data, including "information gain, chi-square, mutual information, and symmetrical uncertainty-based features." Then, a hybrid optimization technique known as clan-updated grey wolf optimization (CU-GWO) is used for optimized features and weight selection. An ensemble technique was applied to extract optimal features. The classifiers in the proposed suggested ensemble technique with deep convolution neural network (DCNN). DCNN offers fine weight tuning and detection results.The performance analysis and its impact on the proposed model for sarcasm detection are classified with good accuracy into sarcastic and non-sarcastic categories. The results are also compared with against those of the GloVe and BERT techniques.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5027-5037
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing credit card fraud detection with synthetic minority over-sampling technique-integrated extreme learning machine

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4749-4762
Iman Kadhim Ajlan , Mohammed Ibrahim Mahdi , Hayder Murad , Fahad Taha AL-Dhief , Nurhizam Safie , Yasir Hussein Shakir , Ali Hashim Abbas
Many works in cybersecurity detection suffer from low accuracy rates, particularly in real-world applications, where imbalanced datasets and evolving fraud strategies pose significant hurdles. This study introduces an optimized extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm to address these challenges by dynamically adjusting hidden nodes ranging from 10 to 100 with an increment step of 10 and integrating two activation functions. The proposed method utilizes the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to handle class imbalance effectively and incorporates a comprehensive evaluation using descriptive statistics, visualization, and significance testing. The proposed ELM-SMOTE method achieves the highest results including an accuracy of 99.710%, recall of 85.811%, specificity of 99.743%, and G-mean of 92.068%. These outcomes reflect the robustness and adaptability of the proposed ELM algorithm in detecting fraudulent transactions. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic performance analysis, addressing gaps in existing methods and providing a scalable framework for real-world fraud detection applications.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4749-4762
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Combining convolutional operators in unsupervised networks for kidney abnormalities

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4541-4551
Aekkarat Suksukont , Anuruk Prommakhot , Jakkree Srinonchat
Deep learning plays a pivotal role in advancing the diagnosis of renal dysfunction, achieving performance levels comparable to those of medical experts. However, disease domain variations and model differences can impact learning quality. To address renal dysfunction, we propose dual stream convolutional (DSC) and dual-input convolutional (DIC) for unsupervised learning. The proposed network is designed to process multi scale data and employs parallel data aggregation to enhance learning capabilities, improving the reliability of the experimental results. DSC achieved training losses of 0.0069, 0.0056, 0.0042, and 0.0048 for normal, cyst, stone, and tumor datasets, respectively, while DIC achieved losses of 0.0066, 0.0063, 0.0044, and 0.0058 for the same categories. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed models outperform state of-the-art approaches, making them well-suited for broad application in clinical research studies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4541-4551
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Transformer and text augmentation for tourism aspect-based sentiment analysis

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4614-4622
Samuel Situmeang , Sarah Rosdiana Tambunan , Jevania Jevania , Mastawila Febryanti Simanjuntak , Sandro Sinaga
The 36.98% growth in the quantity of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) over the past five years presents opportunities for the tourism industry to understand tourists' needs and desires better when analyzed effectively. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is proposed as a solution, as it can identify the sentiment at a more detailed aspect level. Prior research revealed two issues in ABSA: imbalanced datasets and poor performance in representing implicit aspects and opinions. The authors proposed a combination of the bidirectional and auto-regressive transformer (BART) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) models. Leveraging BART capability in modeling context and BERT expertise in modeling text semantics and nuances, the author proposed an ABSA model that combines BART and BERT using the ensemble method. The experimental results reveal that combining these models significantly enhances the performance of the ABSA model, with an F1-score reaching 70%. Furthermore, text augmentation and preprocessing did not bring improvements in ABSA performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4614-4622
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Fine-tuning multilingual transformers for Hinglish sentiment analysis: a comparative evaluation with BiLSTM

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4684-4693
Jyoti S. Verma , Jaimin N. Undavia
Growing trend of code-mixing in languages, in the form of Hinglish, greatly tests the skills of conventional sentiment analysis tools. The research contributes a fine-tuned multilingual transformer model built exclusively for classifying sentiment of Hinglish customer reviews. Drawing from pre trained BERT-base-multilingual-case architecture, the model gets transformed with the process of fine-tuning the same on synthetically prepared and balanced dataset simulating positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. Sophisticated methods like focal loss for addressing the class imbalance and mixed precision training for maximization of computational effectiveness are embedded within the training process. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method significantly captures the fine-grained linguistic patterns of code-mixed text, improving sentiment classification accuracy. The results show promising potential for enhancing customer feedback analysis in e-commerce, social media monitoring, and customer support use cases, where it is crucial to comprehend the sentiment behind code-mixed reviews.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4684-4693
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Low-speed scalar control of induction motor by fuzzy logic

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4623-4635
Alfonso Alejandro Sevilla-Hidalgo , Rossy Uscamaita-Quispetupa , Julio Cesar Herrera-Levano , Limberg Walter Utrilla Mego , Roger Jesus Coaquira-Castillo
Efforts have continually been directed toward optimizing processes in various fields, and the application in induction motors is no exception. Scalar control V/f offers a straightforward method to regulate the speed of a three-phase induction motor (TIM). However, it faces challenges at low speeds or proportionally at low frequencies, often failing to operate below 20% of its rated speed. This control typically pairs with a PI controller (PIC) for closed loop speed regulation, but its limited control range hinders performance at low speeds. Although intelligent methods have been developed to improve scalar V/f control, attention is often focused on high speeds, while control at low speeds is overlooked. This paper presents the simulation of a fuzzy controller (FC) with a Mamdani-type structure designed to achieve effective low-speed control of a TIM using the V/f scalar control technique. The results not only show improvements in overshoot and settling time but also reveal that the FC can control speeds as low as 6.06% of the rated speed, and it ensures a starting current below the designed motor current under load. Comparative analysis indicates that the FC outperforms the PIC in low-speed control, and it provides an optimal inrush current across different low speeds.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4623-4635
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A smart grid fault detection using neuro-fuzzy deep learning algorithm

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp5096-5105
Etienne Francois Mouckomey , Jacques Bikai , Camille Franklin Mbey , Alexandre Teplaira Boum , Felix Ghislain Yem Souhe , Vinny Junior Foba Kakeu
This paper proposes a novel data analysis framework that integrates deep learning with a binary neuro-fuzzy algorithm to address the problem of fault localization in smart power grids. In the first stage, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is employed to train data samples collected from smart meters. The resulting learned features are subsequently utilized by an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for accurate fault detection and classification. Through this intelligent hybrid approach, multi-phase faults can be efficiently identified using a limited amount of data. The proposed method distinguishes itself by its capacity to rapidly train and test large datasets while maintaining high computational efficiency. To evaluate the performance of the model, an advanced simulation of the IEEE 123-node test feeder is conducted. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed framework are validated using multiple performance metrics, including precision, recall, accuracy, F1-score, computational complexity, and the ROC curve. The results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning–based model significantly outperforms existing approaches in the literature, achieving a fault detection and classification precision of 99.99%.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5096-5105
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A merchant analytics framework for revenue forecasting and financial stress detection using transaction data

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4848-4864
Yara Harb , Wissam Baaklini , Nadine Abbas , Seifedine Kadry
By processing payments and providing specialized financial services, acquiring banks are essential for merchants’ operations. To forecast 30-day revenue trajectories, identify seasonal demand patterns, and identify early indicators of financial stress, this paper presents a scalable merchant analytics framework that benefits from transactional data. The framework captures multi-level seasonalities using Prophet time series model, allowing dynamic product offerings like revenue-based loans. Proactive risk management is supported offerings like revenue-based loans. Proactive risk management is supported. by a new stress-flagging mechanism that identifies merchants at risk based on deviations in revenue trends. The framework achieved a median 30-day mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 56.51% after the validation on a dataset with 130,350 transactions from 460 merchants in a volatile economic environment. The model demonstrated significant practical utility in identifying financial distress and segmenting merchant behavior, despite its moderate predictive precision, which is common challenge in high-variance merchant datasets. Model outputs are converted into decision-support visualizations along with an interactive dashboard.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4848-4864
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing academic conferences with AI: defining the role of the human AI editor

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4484-4493
Esteban Galan-Cubillo , Emilio Saez-Soro
Academic conferences serve as key platforms for knowledge exchange, yet they face challenges in managing large volumes of content efficiently while maintaining academic rigor. To address these challenges, this study introduces and evaluates the "AI editor": a novel human expert role who, using tools like ChatGPT, supervises, refines, and structures artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content in real time. Through a mixed-methods approach, we examine the role of AI in enhancing content creation and engagement. This approach included the experimental deployment of the AI editor in three sustainability-focused European academic conferences (in Spain and UK) and formative workshops with 127 university students from the same countries. While AI-assisted tools improve efficiency, concerns persist regarding traceability, reliability, and ethical oversight. Our findings indicate that AI by itself cannot guarantee scholarly integrity; continuous human oversight is indispensable. The AI editor ensures coherence, quality control, and compliance with academic standards, addressing a critical gap in AI adoption within research environments. This study contributes to the discourse on responsible AI use in academia by proposing a structured framework for its integration into conferences, balancing automation with human oversight. Moreover, it highlights the growing need for digital intelligence that enables researchers to interact ethically and effectively with AI and other digital technologies, fostering responsible and informed academic innovation.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4484-4493
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Humans’ psychological traits classification from their spending categories using artificial intelligence algorithms

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4552-4564
Arpitha Chikkamagaluru Narasimhe Gowda , Sunitha Madasi Ramachandra
The analysis of human behavior data generated by digital technologies has gained increasing attention in recent years. Spending categories form a significant part of this digital footprint. In this study, we investigate the degree to which human expenditure records can be used to infer psychological traits from transaction data. A broad feature space was constructed, consisting of overall spending behavior, category-related spending behavior, and customer category profiles. These features were examined to identify their correlations with the Big Five personality traits. A dataset containing over 1,200 users’ transaction histories over three months was obtained from Kaggle. Personality trait labels were derived using a percentile-based classification method. Multiple AI algorithms: decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM) were employed, along with a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify personality traits. The CNN model, incorporating multi-dimensional convolutional layers and the full feature space, achieved a high accuracy of 99.03%. The outcomes of the experiment indicate the efficiency of combining behavioral features and AI models in psychological trait classification. The study also highlights ethical considerations, including privacy risks and misuse of inferred personality details.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4552-4564
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A two-step intelligent framework for gene expression-based cancer diagnosis

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4731-4738
Sara Haddou Bouazza , Jihad Haddou Bouazza
DNA microarray technology has advanced cancer diagnosis by enabling large-scale gene expression analysis, yet challenges remain in selecting relevant genes and achieving accurate classification. This study introduces two novel methods: the three-stage gene selection (3SGS) method and the statistics classifier (SC). By eliminating redundant, noisy, and less informative genes, the 3SGS method effectively lowers the dimensionality of gene expression data, while the SC classifier uses statistical measures of gene expression to classify samples with high accuracy and speed. Evaluated on leukemia, prostate cancer, and colon cancer datasets, the 3SGS method effectively identified minimal yet informative gene subsets, achieving 100% accuracy for leukemia, 99.3% for prostate cancer, and 97% for colon cancer. The SC classifier consistently outperformed traditional models in both accuracy and computational efficiency, completing predictions in under 2 seconds per dataset. Compared to conventional classifiers, it requires no parameter tuning and performs reliably even with small gene sets. While promising, future work should address multiclass classification and clinical validation to broaden the framework’s applicability. Together, these methods offer a precise and rapid cancer classification framework, supporting early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies across diverse cancer types.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4731-4738
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Classification algorithm with artificial intelligence for the diagnostic process of obstructive sleep apnea

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4520-4532
Jehil Ventura-Tecco , Jesús Fajardo-Avalos , Michael Cabanillas-Carbonell
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and a large proportion of them remain undiagnosed due to the high cost of polysomnography (PSG) tests. For this reason, it is crucial to develop affordable diagnostic tools to facilitate early detection of this condition. This study aims to analyze how an artificial intelligence (AI) based classification algorithm impacts the diagnostic process of OSA in Lima, Peru. The algorithm was developed following the Kanban methodology, which guaranteed an efficient and transparent follow-up during the development cycle, which is key in the medical context where software quality and traceability are fundamental. A decision tree (DT) was used for diagnosis and classification, employing a training dataset provided by the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR), from which six relevant attributes were selected for analysis. The research results indicated that, although the improvement in clinical diagnostic accuracy was minimal at 10.81%, positive results were obtained in other aspects: diagnostic time was significantly reduced by 28.17%, and the number of tests required decreased by 24.07%.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4520-4532
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Advancements in latent fingerprint recognition: a comprehensive review of techniques and applications

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4739-4748
Nandita Manchanda , Sanjay Singla , Gopal Rathinam
The identification of individuals has been in greater demand, whether it’s for criminal investigation, law enforcement, or the basic attendance marking system. Fingerprints are one of the most reliable and dependable methods for biometric identification systems; as such, they are crafted in the womb. Latent fingerprints refer to inadvertent impressions that are left behind at crime scenes and are of utmost importance in the field of forensic investigation and verification of the authenticity of an individual. However, because these impressions are unintentional, the quality of the prints uplifted is often poorer. To enhance the overall accuracy of fingerprint recognition, it is required to develop approaches that enhance the accuracy and reliability of existing techniques. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the existing techniques for the reconstruction, enhancement, and matching of latent fingerprints.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4739-4748
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Performance evaluation of pre-trained deep learning model on garbage classification with data augmentation approach

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4971-4981
I Komang Arya Ganda Wiguna , I Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya , I Kadek Budi Sandika
Waste classification is one of the interesting topics for classifications in which data can be very varied and complex. This data diversity is a challenge to develop a model that is able to classify well. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the pre-trained deep learning model using a data augmentation approach. There are three pre-training models used in this study, namely residual networks 50 (ResNet50), visual geometric group with 16 layers (VGG-16), and MobileNetV2. The results showed that the MobileNetV2 model received the highest accuracy value, reaching 84.45% for data without augmentation. With data augmentation there is a decrease of 2.73%. Conversely, VGG-16 shows performance stability with an increase in accuracy with augmentation data, reaching 75.84%. While ResNet50 gets the lowest results compared to both models. The application of data augmentation techniques with the aim of increasing data variations does not always have an impact on increasing the generalization of the model.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4971-4981
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Multi-phase feature selection for detection of epithelial ovarian cancer using ensemble machine learning techniques

10.11591/ijai.v14.i6.pp4802-4813
Suma Palani Subramanya , Suma Kuncha Venkatapathiah
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is one of the most prevalent causes of death. Timely ovarian cancer diagnosis is significant for bettering patient outcomes and rates of survival. For prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of malignancies, AI-based machine learning algorithms are used. This novel technique is undoubtedly an effective tool that may aid in selecting the best course of action. The collection of data comprising 150 patients contained an extensive selection of clinical characteristics and markers of tumors. The recursive feature elimination (RFE) and correlation coefficient feature selection techniques were assimilated to pick the features for the machine learning model, such as age, CA-125, tumor laterality, size, tumor type, grade of tumor, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. The study’s findings indicate that the base model accuracy was around 96%, sensitivity 93%, and specificity 100%. Using ensemble classification, accuracy was around 96%, sensitivity 98%, and specificity 94% for the RFE technique. By obtaining a deeper understanding of their decision-making process, explainable artificial intelligence makes sophisticated machine learning methods easier to explain. Before beginning treatment, this research offers crucial data for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of individuals with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4802-4813
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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