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Large language models and retrieval-augmented generation-based chatbot for adolescent mental health

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp849-858
Andi Riansyah , Imam Much Ibnu Subroto , Intan Nur'aini , Ratna Supradewi , Suyanto Suyanto
Access to fast and efficient information is crucial in today's digital era, especially for teenagers in obtaining mental health services. The manual method used by Youth Information and Counselling Centre (PIK R) to provide mental health information requires significant time and effort. This research presents an AI-based solution by developing a chatbot system using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and large language models (LLM). This chatbot is designed to provide accurate and effective mental health information for teenagers throughout the day. An analysis of a dataset consisting of articles on teenage mental health and data from the Alodokter website was used as the basis for the development of this chatbot. The research results show that the chatbot is capable of providing relevant and accurate information, with evaluations using the recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE) score method yielding an average of ROUGE-1 with a precision of 87.8%, recall of 83.0%, and F1-measure of 84.0%; ROUGE-2 with a precision of 82.8%, recall of 76.8%, and F1-measure of 78.2%; and ROUGE-L with a precision of 88.0%, recall of 82.6%, and F1-measure of 83.4%. These findings indicate the potential use of chatbots as an effective tool to support the mental health of adolescents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 849-858
Publish at: 2025-09-01

E-commerce waste management: a systematic review

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp817-827
Mohd. Suhaimi Shamsuddin , Noor Fadhiha Mokhtar , Safiek Mokhlis , Zuha Rosufila Abu Hasan , NajdahAbd Aziz , Mohamad Nizam Yusof
This paper reviews literature on e-commerce waste management issues and challenges, focusing on potential improvements in Malaysia. It analyzes various sources, including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar (GS), using thematic and content analysis based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review highlights the surge in packaging and electronic waste due to increased e-commerce activity. In response, Malaysia has introduced policies promoting sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly packaging, e-waste regulations, and circular economy (CE) principles. Growing consumer awareness has also driven demand for sustainable e-commerce options. However, the key challenge is to reduce waste generation rather than just managing it. Achieving this will require significant efforts to minimize excessive manufacturing and packaging. The review aims to provide insights for stakeholders to support effective waste management and foster sustainability in the e-commerce sector.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 817-827
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Determination of soil salinization by hyperspectral remote sensing in the Shirvan Plain

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp662-670
Sahib Shukurov Khudaverdi , Aygun Ismayilova Azer , Ramil Sadigov Ali , Maya Karimova Javanshir , Turkan Hasanova Allahverdi , Gunel Asgarova Farhad
The determination of soil salinization in the Shirvan Plain, considered the main agricultural zone of Azerbaijan, negatively affects the productivity of agricultural crops. Based on 10 m Sentinel-2 images on Google Earth Engine platforms and by examining SI1, green-red band normalized difference vegetation index (GRNDVI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and difference vegetation index of the environment (DVI), four remote sensing salinity monitoring index models, S1DI1, S1DI2, S1DI3, and S1DI4, were constructed to extract soil salinity information in the Shirvan Plain in combination with the measured electrical conductivity. The results show that the overall classification accuracy of S1DI1 (SI1-GRNDVI), S1DI2 (SI1-GNDVI), S1DI3 (SI1-NDVI), and S1DI4 (SI1-DVI) models for salinity monitoring are 82.35%, 83.10%, 81.96%, and 79.25%, respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 662-670
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Solar photovoltaic based cascaded multilevel inverter with 33-levels using phase opposition disposition control method

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp928-935
Chandolu Sai Deepak , Madhu Babu Thiruveedula , Bandari Rahul Teja , Supe Gowtham , Sthambhampally Vivek , Panuganti Yeshwanth Kumar
A cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) tailored for photovoltaic (PV) networks, aiming to improve power quality and support transformer-less operation. The symmetric MLI design is selected for its effectiveness in minimizing harmonics and enhancing fault tolerance in high-power scenarios, where the use of power semiconductor converters can introduce complications. The proposed inverter configuration achieves thirty-three voltage levels, optimizing power quality while using insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) semiconductor switches. The phase opposition disposition (POD) control method is applied to trigger necessary switching signals for the inverter's components. To ensure high output voltage for the MLI, a boost converter is employed, and the overall system is tested with an R load. The effectiveness of the design is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, which demonstrate a notable reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD). 
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 928-935
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Pitch extraction using discrete cosine transform based power spectrum method in noisy speech

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp955-965
Humaira Sunzida , Nargis Parvin , Jafrin Akhter Jeba , Sulin Chi , Md. Shiplu Ali , Moinur Rahman , Md. Saifur Rahman
The pitch period is a key component of many speech analysis research projects. In real-world applications, voice data is frequently gathered in noisy surround- ings, therefore algorithms must be able to manage background noise well in order to estimate pitch accurately. Despite advancements, many state-of–the-art algorithms struggle to deliver adequate results when faced with low signal-to- noise ratios (SNRs) in processing noisy speech signals. This research proposes an effective concept specifically designed for speech processing applications, particularly in noisy conditions. To achieve this goal, we introduce a fundamen- tal frequency extraction algorithm designed to tolerate non-stationary changes in the amplitude and frequency of the input signal. In order to improve the extrac- tion accuracy, we also use a cumulative power spectrum (CPS) based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) rather than conventional power spectrum. We enhance extraction accuracy of our method by utilizing shorter sub-frames of the input signal to mitigate the noise characteristics present in speech signals. According to the experimental results, our proposed technique demonstrates superior per- formance in noisy conditions compared to other existing state-of-the-art meth- ods without utilizing any kind of post-processing techniques.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 955-965
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An innovative design and development of multilevel inverter for a wind energy conversion system

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp751-760
Rosaiah Mudigondla , Thiruveedula Madhu Babu , Supriya Dachepalli , Anudeep Panjula , Md Yousuf Ali , Bakam Anirudh
The drawbacks of fossil fuel-based energy sources, including high costs, pollution, scarcity, and environmental damage, highlight how urgent it is to switch to renewable energy sources. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are currently required for the production of wind electricity. In this research, to get a reduced harmonic distortion, use 31-level inverter based on shifted carrier-pulse width modulation (SC-PWM) is developed for wind power generation using MATLAB/Simulink. It aids in minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) to 3.20, and the output voltage is enhanced by the suggested MLI. Wind energy extraction is optimized by combining with a proportional integral derivative (PID) control system. MATLAB/Simulink has been used to make sure the MLI structure and look into the implementation of wind energy conversion systems using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). In order to show that the suggested inverter architecture improves power conversion efficiency and stability in renewable energy systems, the study also examines power efficiency, system dependability, and the viability of large-scale applications. Additionally, the study investigates grid integration, modulation strategies, and switching losses to guarantee increased sustainability, dependability, and efficiency in wind energy applications while lowering operating costs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 751-760
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Effectiveness of dashboard as a work progress scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making in construction projects

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp878-885
Putri Lynna Adelina Luthan , Nathanael Sitanggang
Scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making are important factors in determining the general achievement of sustainable construction. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a dashboard as a measuring tool for construction project scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making. A survey with a Likert scale (5 scale) on each viewpoint, including planning, oversight, and independent direction, of 15 respondents from project executors and 7 respondents from supervisors was used as instrumentation. The results showed that the dashboard was evaluated with a value of 92.25 among executors and supervisors linked to product characteristics. Executors also used the scheduling dashboard with a value of 91.73, and the feature of employing the concept for supervision was appropriate as a measuring instrument, scoring 92.15. Furthermore, the final step was the aspect of using the dashboard for decision-making, which was tested and used with a value of 88.14. The use dashboard model is an effective tool for work progress scheduling, monitoring, and decision-making in construction projects.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 878-885
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Optimization of two-stage DTMOS operational transconductance amplifier with Firefly algorithm

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1417-1428
Udari Gnaneshwara Chary , Swathi Mummadi , Kakarla Hari Kishore
This paper presents a methodology for optimizing dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) two-stage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) tailored for biomedical applications through the utilization of the Firefly algorithm. The optimization process focuses on enhancing key performance metrics such as gain, bandwidth, and power efficiency, which are critical for biomedical signal processing, neural interfaces, and wearable healthcare devices. The methodology encompasses circuit architecture definition, Firefly algorithm implementation, fitness evaluation, and result analysis. The optimization results reveal a significant enhancement in performance metrics. Specifically, the number of transistors in the design is 25. The initial overall gain was 76.65 V/V, with a power efficiency (µ) of 1.6. After optimization, the overall gain was significantly improved to 84.029 dB using the Firefly algorithm, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing algorithms. The power efficiency (µ) was also enhanced to 1.702, underscoring the efficiency improvements achieved through optimization. Simulation results and statistical analysis confirm that the Firefly algorithm effectively achieves optimal configurations, improving the robustness of OTA designs against parameter variations. These enhancements validate the algorithm's efficacy in addressing power-performance trade-offs and its suitability for diverse biomedical applications. Physical prototyping of the optimized design further demonstrates real-world functionality, underscoring its practical applicability.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1417-1428
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Performance evaluation of multicarrier quadrature phase shift keying-based system under noisy channel conditions

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp693-701
Deepa Narayana Reddy , Aishwarya Nagaraju , Deepti Hosakere Prabhakara , Deekshitha Beeraganahalli Srinivas , Gandlaparthi Navyatha
A comprehensive analysis of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation in both single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is conducted using MATLAB. The investigation focuses on evaluating QPSK performance with metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) across diverse channel conditions. Furthermore, the study extends to encompass the integration of QPSK with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), with a particular emphasis on assessing spectral efficiency and error rate implications. To validate the accuracy of the simulations, QPSK and QPSK-OFDM configurations are implemented on the WiComm-T hardware platform, enabling a direct comparison of real-world performance metrics against simulation results. By offering practical insights and recommendations for the deployment of robust communication systems, this research underscores the inherent advantages of integrating OFDM with QPSK across both SISO and MIMO configurations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 693-701
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Autonomous navigation system for a rover with robotic arm using convolutional neural networks

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp724-739
Aziz El mrabet , Hicham Hihi , Mohammed Khalil Laghraib , Mbarek Chahboun , Aymane Amalaoui
The aim of this project is to design and develop an autonomous rover equipped with a KUKA robotic arm. This mobile vehicle will be able to move autonomously thanks to the use of machine learning techniques. It will also be able to detect and retrieve objects using the KUKA arm. The rover will feature Mecanum wheels for improved maneuverability and will be controlled by a Raspberry Pi 3 board, with machine learning algorithms implemented using TensorFlow and Python. The development process will follow the V-methodology. The use of such an autonomous rover and its manipulative capabilities opens the way to many practical applications, including sampling in dangerous or difficult-to-access environments, search and rescue operations in the event of natural disasters or industrial accidents, and inspection and maintenance of industrial or construction sites. The rover could also be used for educational purposes, enabling students to explore the concepts of robotics and artificial intelligence.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 724-739
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Impulse buying behavior in mobile commerce: a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp761-772
Hery Hery , Winnie Veronica , Andree E. Widjaja , Calandra Alencia Haryani , Riswan E. Tarigan
Efficient online transactions now thrive through websites (e-commerce) and mobile apps (m-commerce). With the growth of m-commerce, marketers aim to boost profits by understanding impulsive buying behavior. This study investigates factors influencing online impulse buying (OIB) in m-commerce by analyzing key variables. Data were gathered via questionnaires from 449 Indonesian consumers who had made digital payments and impulsive purchases using smartphones. The framework includes sales promotion (SP), attractive advertising (EA), and mobile digital payment systems (MDPS) as situational factors; hedonic shopping motivation (HSM) as a motivational factor; and impulsiveness (I) and smartphone addiction (SA) as personal traits. Analysis used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), with gender, income, and smartphone usage time as control variables. Results show that EA, MDPS, HSM, I, and SA significantly influence OIB, while SP does not. For consumer segmentation, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) outperformed ISOmap and principal component analysis (PCA), achieving a silhouette score of 0.72. A paired t-test (p<0.01) confirmed t-SNE’s superior clustering accuracy. These findings reveal that t-SNE better captures consumer segmentation patterns, helping businesses refine marketing strategies and deepen their understanding of psychological drivers behind impulsive m-commerce purchases.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 761-772
Publish at: 2025-09-01

ToLatin application acceptability evaluation to support Balinese script transliteration learning

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp804-816
Luh Joni Erawati Dewi , Gede Indrawan , I Made Agus Oka Gunawan , I Wayan Sutaya , Sariyasa Sariyasa
This work supported Indonesia's research focus area on information and communication technology (ICT) content improvement for information data on various forms of local wisdom. As one of the various forms of local wisdom, the Balinese script was supported by the ToLatin application that transliterates Balinese script into Latin text. It has been used to support Balinese script learning at the high school level in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. To determine the acceptability of this application, which had not been studied before, a user acceptance evaluation was conducted using a combination of acceptance variables from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and success variables from DeLone & McLean. This study used a quantitative method with data collection through questionnaires from 385 respondents. The data analysis used the importance-performance analysis (IPA) method through suitability, gap, and quadrant analyses. The study results indicated that the acceptability of ToLatin could be more optimal. The suitability analysis revealed an average score of 87.91%, indicating the need for improvement in system quality, particularly the innovative indicator (SysQ3), based on the quadrant analysis. The gap analysis revealed an average score of -0.54 from 7 acceptance variables, indicating the need to improve system performance to meet user expectations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 804-816
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on modified DC-DC buck-boost converter topology

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp620-630
Ro’ad Baladi Al Komar , Arwindra Rizqiawan
This research proposes a single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on novel topology. A modified DC-DC buck-boost converter was chosen because characteristics of voltage boost and low input current ripple. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed converter cells was elaborated in this study. Furthermore, a control technique is designed for the proposed converter. A double-loop control method using proportional integral (PI) is employed in this research. The outer loop controls the output voltage, while the inner loop is used to control the inductor current. By employing double-loop control, the presence of ripple current and voltage can be reduced even further. Simulation and experimental results validate the converter’s effectiveness, demonstrating stable voltage output under varying input voltage (33-36 V) and load conditions, maintaining a 40 V output with an overshoot within ±5%. The results show that the modified buck-boost converter can achieve improved efficiency and ripple reduction compared to conventional models, making it a viable solution for renewable energy systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 620-630
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Minimizing the switching losses in the SiC MOSFET by using buried oxide

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp613-619
Ali Hlal Mutlaq , Sura Hamad Faraj , Majeed Rashid Zaidan , Ghanim Thiab Hasan , Ahmed Saad Names
For optimizing the efficiency of the power switching devices, it is important to reduce the switching power losses. One method to minimize the switching power losses is to reduce the gate drain charge (QGD). In this paper, a 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET device with a buried oxide has been proposed to minimize QGD. The proposed design has been conducted by using the TCAD simulation program. The on-resistance (Ron,sp), QGD have been measured and analyzed based on the width and thickness of the buried oxide layer and compared with the measurement of traditional SiC MOSFET. The obtained results indicate that the QGD of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET with buried oxide with WBO of 0.25 μm and TBO of 0.3 μm was reduced to about 31.3% which mean a minimize of power losses. The comparison results indicate that the proposed device with a buried oxide layer can be effectively used as an optimum solution for minimizing the power switching losses.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 613-619
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design and analysis of two switch DC-DC converters for E-vehicle applications

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp522-532
Jayanthi Kathiresan , Gnanavadivel Jothimani
A non-isolated DC-DC converter topology is proposed in this paper, which is distinguished by its superior performance and reduced component count in comparison to conventional converter designs. The suggested architecture is especially appropriate for applications demanding a large voltage step-up since it achieves an improved voltage conversion ratio and excellent efficiency. The addition of a voltage-boosting element, which is an inductor combined in series with a switching device, to the source side of a conventional boost converter is a unique feature of the suggested converter. To confirm the converter's operating features, a thorough theoretical analysis has been carried out, including stability and steady-state evaluations. In addition, a hardware prototype with a 200 V output and 100 W power rating was created in order to test the converter's functionality. With a peak efficiency of 94.3%, the prototype showed good agreement with analytical forecasts. The suggested converter is a viable option for renewable energy applications because of its high voltage gain, small size, and efficiency. This is especially true for solar systems and other distributed energy sources, where low component counts and high step-up ratios are preferred.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 522-532
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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